Pyramids on Mars true or not. 10 Crazy Mars-Related Conspiracy Theories (11 Photos) Project Redsun - secret manned mission to Mars

In 1976, the American automatic stations Viking-1 and Viking-2 reached the environs of Mars. Their landing blocks descended to the surface and conducted a series of studies. At the same time, the orbital compartments of the Vikings orbiting the planet transmitted 300,000 television images of the surface of Mars to Earth. This huge amount of information in the form of electronic signals was recorded in the computer's memory. To date, only 20% of the available information has been translated into the form of images, i.e. 60000 shots.

In 1980, NASA specialist Vincent di Pietro, processing decoded images of the Vikings, noticed on one of them an image resembling a human face. This picture of the "Martian sphinx", as journalists dubbed it, bypassed the world press. Di Pietro, together with the cyberneticist Gregory Molenaar, used computer technology to process the mysterious image. They managed, by increasing the contrast, to more clearly show the eye socket, nose, mouth, chin and hairstyle on the half of the "Martian face" illuminated by the sun.

In search of additional information, scientists once again carefully reviewed the archive of Martian images and found a second image of the same face, taken under different lighting conditions and from a different angle, which made it possible to obtain a stereoscopic image of this object.

The new processing of additional information on a computer not only confirmed the data of the first image, but also gave a number of significant additions. The eye socket visible in the first picture is also in the second, but the second eye socket is also visible on it - on the shaded part of the face. The hair ("the page's hairstyle") symmetrically frames the second half of the sculptural "portrait of a Martian".

The most interesting results were obtained as a result of applying computer-assisted false coloring to image processing. Eyeballs with pupils in the center became visible in the eye sockets. The "pageboy's hairstyle" and mouth stood out even more distinctly. Teeth appeared in the open mouth. And on the cheek illuminated by the sun, a stone tear became visible ...

These 20% of the decoded images gave NASA scientists another surprise - the second "Martian face" in another region of Mars. The first "Martian sphinx" is located in the plain region of Cydonia, and the second - in the region of Utopia. In image 089A10 (NASA catalogue), we see the same face, framed by a "pageboy hairstyle", looking up at the Martian sky...

On the Martian images of the first "sphinx", 15 km from the "face", a group of regular tetrahedral pyramids is visible, surprisingly similar to the ancient Egyptian ones ... "Deuteronilus...

The wall of one of the Martian pyramids on the plain of Cydonia is destroyed, and a void like a chamber is visible inside.

Who and when left these distinct traces of intelligent activity on the surface of a neighboring planet? Is the similarity of the Martian and terrestrial pyramids accidental?

It is curious that neither NASA specialists nor analysts from the Glavkosmos of the former USSR paid attention to the fact that all these structures, these monuments of Martian civilization are located almost at the same latitude - 40 ° north latitude. Or, in other words, on a rather narrow belt, which, according to the author, is interesting to compare with the similar one on our planet. It is here - between 40 ° and 50 ° north latitude - that giant cities, centers of earthly civilization are most densely concentrated: New York, Montreal, Chicago, Toronto, Detroit, Philadelphia, Barcelona, Madrid, Rome, Paris, Marseille, Milan, Turin , Munich, Stuttgart, Vienna, Prague, Budapest, Belgrade, Sofia, Bucharest, Istanbul, Lvov, Odessa, Rostov, Volgograd, Tbilisi, Baku, Yerevan, Alma-Ata, Tashkent, Ulaanbaatar, Khabarovsk, Vladivostok, Beijing, Harbin ...

In the spring of 1998, the American spacecraft Mars Global Surveyor, on its 239th orbit around Mars, again directed its cameras to a section of the desert plain with coordinates of 40 degrees north latitude and 10 degrees west longitude, known as the Cydonia region. Here is an area called "The City", photographed for the first time by the Vikings in 1976. At that time, many researchers considered the "City" and the "Face" located not far from it to be artificial structures. New pictures of the "Surveyor", released on April 15, 1998, made a sensation. They absolutely clearly show pyramidal structures dilapidated by erosion, repeating in their shape and location the Egyptian pyramids in Giza!

Mankind has been dreaming of Mars, it seems, since ancient times. And now we are working on how to make a manned flight there. However, conspiracy theorists and just crazy people are already ready to tell you that humanity has been on Mars for a long time.

These crazy but very interesting stories will remain stories. At least until we finally set foot on the surface of the Red Planet. In the meantime, let's look at the 10 most interesting theories related to our space neighbor.

When the European Space Agency spoke out in favor of the hypothesis of a cavity in the Martian moon Phobos, this assumption was quite consistent with the discoveries of the Soviet astrophysicist Iosif Shklovsky, which he made in the 1960s.

Shklovsky not only believed that Phobos was hollow, he was also interested in its unusual orbit. The scientist even at some point suggested that this satellite could be of artificial origin.

Many years later, this theory again captured the minds of many ufologists, alien hunters, and even supporters of paleocontact (people who believe that intelligent beings of extraterrestrial origin visited the Earth in the past).

One of the theories that was born on this wave suggests that Phobos was deliberately placed in such an orbit and is actually some kind of ancient space station, perhaps once used as a starting point for a space mission or as a kind of device. emergency warning of collision with other space objects, for example, asteroids.

According to a more common idea, the internal emptiness of Phobos may indicate that there is water or other liquid inside the satellite. According to another assumption, the satellite of Mars was formed from large fragments of asteroids, and the void inside formed naturally. In other words, Phobos is more of an ordinary dense pile of rocks than some disguised "Death Star".

It should be noted that many space probes were launched to Phobos, but in some strange way they all encountered various system failures and failed, which ultimately, of course, led to mission failures. For some people, these events are not accidental. Such people believe that all these events prove the artificial nature of the satellite, which still remains active and unfriendly to intruders.

Sphinx and pyramids of Mars

It turns out that a “sphinx” was discovered on Mars, next to which there is a pyramid.

Despite the fact that most researchers and experts agree that the pyramids are just mountains formed naturally, some people believe that such smooth and clear lines, as well as the size of these structures, make them structures (then there are artificially created structures)!

The possibility that these objects are volcanoes is also unlikely, since astronomers have studied the Red Planet quite well and can say with certainty that the only volcanic region of Mars is located in a place called the province of Tharsis, which is 3200 kilometers from those pyramids that were discovered in a place called Kydonia. God does not create straight lines, say proponents of the Martian pyramid and sphinx theories.

Suppose there really is a sphinx and pyramids on Mars. Do they have anything in common with the sphinx in Egypt and the pyramids in Giza? As you might have guessed, there are those who believe in it. Such people claim that Cairo, the capital of Egypt, is al Qahira in Arabic, which in turn translates as "The Victorious One" or, more interestingly, "the place of Mars." Some also claim that the Sphinx at Giza was once painted red.

And as a final "evidence" they cite the fact that an increased number of stones are observed in front of the alleged pyramids on Mars. Are these stones natural objects? Or are they part of some collapsed structure of an ancient civilization?

Some people, after studying pictures of the Kydonia region, claim that they not only noticed the presence of a third pyramid, but also note that the location of these three pyramids correlates with the location of the pyramids in Giza. NASA says that because some of the images turned out to be too blurry, some people begin to experience pareidolia - to see objects that are actually nothing in reality, but are only random outlines and shapes.

Project Red Sun: secret manned mission to Mars

According to a story that first surfaced in 2011, there was a secret mission in the 1970s to set up a Martian base.

Following the Apollo 17 mission, the last manned mission to the Moon, NASA began conducting secret space missions that were not publicly reported. One such mission was the Red Sun Project, an unprecedented joint venture between the United States and the Soviet Union to begin the colonization of Mars.

According to this story, the first group of cosmonauts and astronauts arrived on the Red Planet at the end of 1971 and was reconnaissance. The second mission began in August 1973 with the launch of the ISV Columbus carrying two American astronauts (Commander Elliot See and pilot William Routledge) and Soviet cosmonaut Vladimir Ilyushin.

Shortly after this story appeared on YouTube, a video of an alleged NASA training flight of the Red Sun program appeared on YouTube. Of course, a dispute about the authenticity of the film immediately broke out. Most people agreed that this is a “duck”, although, to be honest, it is of very high quality.

This story was published by the Italian UFO hunter Luca Scantambulo, and his informant was Routledge, the pilot of the Red Sun mission. Routledge also spoke about several other top-secret projects, including one that found an alien base on the moon. Routledge later issued a brief statement:

“It was I who leaked the leak. What will NASA and USAF do now? An attempt to block its publication or sue me would be direct proof of its truth. Now they can say whatever they want, whether it's a hoax or a fake."

NASA employee saw humans on Mars in 1979

In 2014, a woman who identified herself simply as Jackie called on the American radio show Coast To Coast AM and claimed that people had visited Mars in 1979 and, more interestingly, she had witnessed the event.

Jackie stated that at the time she worked for NASA and her main job was to receive telemetry from spacecraft. While on duty, she saw two people walking on Mars through NASA's live feed. The woman claims that both of them were wearing spacesuits, but not quite as obese as you would expect to see on an ordinary astronaut. According to Jackie, people were walking along the horizon in the direction of the Viking rover.

Jackie swore that 6 other NASA employees witnessed this event with her. When these people tried to quickly inform everyone else about what they saw and leave the room, they found that the front door was locked, and paper was hung over the window of the door so that no one else could look into or enter it.

Of course, so far, none of these 6 alleged "employees" have contacted Jackie to confirm her words with her.

According to Gilbert Levin, there is hidden life on Mars

American engineer Gilbert Lewin is best known for his book Complexity Analysis of the Viking Labeled Release Experiments, in which he believes he proved that there was life on Mars in 1976.

The book tells about the experiment, called "Labeled Release", which was carried out using the first Viking rover. Levine says that using methods that have been accepted and approved by the NASA aerospace agency, the experiment showed the presence of organic life in Martian soil samples taken shortly after the rover landed.

However, two other experiments conducted at the same time did not match the results of the first, and therefore the Labeled Release experiment was not taken seriously and was subsequently forgotten.

While reluctant to fully agree with Levin, Chris McKay, of NASA's Ames Research Center, once stated that it's possible that NASA's other two tests may have been wrong. He noted that the control study was conducted in Chile's Atacama Desert.

It used exactly the same equipment that was used on the rover, but it showed no presence of organic molecules, even though the Atakama soil is known to contain organic life.

The Panspermia Theory: We All Came From Mars

In 2013, two different and very prominent scientists unexpectedly “approved” the controversial theory of panspermia, according to which life on Earth did not appear, but arrived from another place (in this case from Mars) in the form of molecular forms riding an asteroid, which populated these molecules our planet.

Both scientists - one of them Steve Benner, who deals with the nature of life, and the other - Christopher Adcock, the lead author of the study under review - agreed that all this is very, very likely.

The theory of panspermia itself dates back to the 5th century BC, when the ancient Greek philosopher Anaxagoras made reference to it, although not in such detail as it appears now. She survived many centuries and reached our days. When asteroids found containing organic molecules hit Earth in 1984 and 1996, the panspermia theory regained popularity.

Most modern scientists now agree that Mars was once, billions of years ago, an entirely different planet. It had a dense atmosphere and oceans of liquid water. And perhaps, given all this, this planet could support life. Only sending manned missions to the Red Planet will be able to provide irrefutable evidence or disprove this theory.

martian nuclear war

In 2014, plasma particle physics professor John Brandenburg stated that Mars has experienced at least two large nuclear explosions in its history. As proof of his theory, Brandenburg referred to the presence of a large concentration of xenon-129 in the atmosphere, as well as an increased concentration of uranium and thorium in the soil of the planet. Moreover, unlike other scientists, Brandenburg does not believe that these explosions could have happened in any natural way.

Three years earlier, in 2011, Brandenburg stated that the regions of Cydonia and Utopia on Mars have all the signs of an advanced ancient humanoid civilization, and this is most clearly seen in those places where various cataclysms once occurred. And although Brandenburg initially stated that these nuclear disasters were most likely of a natural nature, something strange about these regions haunted him.

By 2014, driven by the strange fact that the only two places he believed contained evidence of a nuclear holocaust were also the zones that contained the least amount of evidence for an ancient civilization. Therefore, Brandenburg believes that the explosions were not at all of natural origin, but rather purposeful.

He stated that he found evidence that, most likely, very large atomic bombs were used for the explosions. Moving further in his reasoning, he also stated that it was most likely that these attacks were carried out by an alien race other than some kind of organic AI.

Brandenburg's theory is very popular among conspiracy theorists, but his conclusions have not attracted the attention of any famous scientist.

Strange "find" on Mars

In September 2015, UFO searchers, analyzing photographs of the Martian surface, discovered what they thought was nothing less than a "stargate" half buried under the ground. People, before drawing such conclusions, were first drawn to the very smooth lines of the object.

In addition, the picture also noted "a platform that resembles parts of a long-destroyed roof of some structure." In the center of the site was a strange round structure resembling a gate.

tinted photo

Although these crazy theories are quite consistent with the assumption that ancient civilizations once existed on Mars, in this particular case, this “observation” has no scientific basis and, more importantly, evidence. Even if it were proved that this object is of artificial origin (which in itself would be an incredible discovery), then there are no prerequisites to believe that this structure is some kind of portal to other worlds.

For the sake of interest, it is still worth noting that ancient writings found on Earth often talk about such "tunnels" between our planet and Mars, which ultimately makes such "finds" even more interesting and mysterious.

Nevertheless, the same NASA does not seem to have any comments on this subject, but some conspiracy theorists suggest that the agency is simply very afraid of these ancient technologies and therefore tries to get to Mars as quickly as possible before someone else does.

Face and ancient city of Kydonia

Perhaps the most striking mystery of the Red Planet in the eyes of the modern world was the discovery of a "face on Mars", which was first shown to the world in 1976 among the many photographs that were taken during the mission of the Viking rover.

When they first saw it, most people agreed with the opinion that they really see an object resembling a face in a photograph of the Martian surface. Further study of the region of Kydonia where the "face" was discovered showed that this object is nothing more than a play of light. And the photographs that were taken later, in 1998 and 2001, confirmed this.

However, conspiracy theorists claim that the new pictures were deliberately taken from different angles to make it look like it wasn't a face. In addition, they were forced to think too clear lines of the object. Lines that nature cannot create.

Perhaps even more dubious is the claim by conspiracy theorists that the photographs in the immediate vicinity of the face “clearly” show the remains of the ancient year, as well as the aforementioned pyramids. According to "experts", such an unusual number of "structures" found here may indicate the fragments of the ancient ruined buildings of the city, in which an ancient civilization lived several thousand years ago.

The researchers claim that prior to the last Mars pole shift, the city and face were located right on the Martian equator, and this was no coincidence. Graham Hancon, Robert Boval, and John Grigsby even wrote a book, The Mars Mystery-A Tale Of The End Of Two Worlds, which states that the objects found are indeed the remains of an ancient civilization.

Many strange objects seen on Mars

From the Viking space missions to the present day, people have had the opportunity to view thousands of images of the Martian surface. And although in most pictures Mars looks completely like a lifeless desert, a world of sand and stones, in some photographs you can still see very strange and sometimes even mysterious objects.

In 2015, for example, a photograph appeared showing objects resembling pillars or even columns with “petroglyphs” applied to them, very similar to ancient Egyptian ones. In the summer of that year, all social media was stirred up by a photograph in which, as some said, a female figure is clearly visible, located on a mountain hill. Years earlier, an image appeared on the Web that also allegedly depicted a woman walking on the surface of the Red Planet.

There have been numerous photographs in which some have claimed to show objects resembling the remains of human bones and even skulls. On others, someone "saw" Martian animals (lizards and even rats). In 2015, some big-eyed enthusiast spotted a Martian crab on the surface of Mars.

According to the official version, all these “finds” are a mere trick of the light, however, researchers and conspiracy theorists believe that the camera cannot be deceived, and in fact, NASA archives contain much more interesting photographs and data that are not reported to the world.

The planet Mars has long attracted attention. In the past, many astronomers believed that there were some kind of channels. Schiaparelli and Lowell were firmly convinced that the lines visible through the telescope were canals built by intelligent beings to irrigate waterless soil. After the flight of automatic stations to the planet, it became clear that the "channels" are huge tectonic cracks and valleys, similar to terrestrial rivers. But Mars turned out to be a cosmic version of an ancient oriental riddle: penetration into one mystery forces one to unravel two new ones. What are the sources of fluids that formed fluvial (river) landforms? It is believed that they may arise as a result of the release of volatile components from a thick layer of Martian permafrost or during precipitation. The hydrosphere of Mars (according to many researchers, it is water) is now in a solid state, as in the ice age on Earth. At the poles, ridges and furrows are visible, similar to glacial landforms.

Now researchers are trying to penetrate into the distant past of the "red planet". If there is no life on Mars now, then was it there once? Back in 1973, at the 24th Astronautical Congress in Baku, the Soviet astronomer V. I. Moroz stated that "rivers once flowed on Mars and blue lakes splashed, the pressure was close to atmospheric pressure. Living beings close to terrestrial organisms can be found on Mars" .

Mars does not skimp on riddles. In recent years, under the influence of ideas about cosmic paleocontacts with extraterrestrial civilizations, the question of life on Mars has acquired a sensational coloring. Was Mars ever inhabited after all, did astronauts visit it from other worlds? Such disturbing questions involuntarily arise if one considers some of the photographs of Mars transmitted to Earth by the spacecraft Mariner 9 and Viking 1.

In the foreign press, the US National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) was accused of hiding a number of space photographs from the public. Allegedly, they testify that the earthlings were not the first to send their probes to Mars. Some high-ranking officials and experts at NASA headquarters informally declare the existence on Mars of traces of the engineering activities of extraterrestrial civilizations in the form of artificial structures resembling cities, pyramids and spacecraft wreckage.

In the region of the Elysium Plateau, Mariner 9 in 1972 discovered formations that some researchers regarded as a "field of quadrangular pyramids."

1. Oval formation - "Mrsian Sphinx". Photo from Viking-1. 2. Reconstruction of the "Martian Sphinx" according to Walter Hyde.

In the southern polar region, Mariner 9 photographed geometrically regular structures that look like artificial structures. According to R. Draker, NASA specialists "are absolutely sure that the Mariner-9 probe photographed the ruins of the city in 1972."

Another unusual photo was taken in 1976 by Viking 1 in the northern hemisphere of Mars in the Cydonia region, where it is believed that there may be another "ruins" that resemble the Egyptian pyramids.

However, the most interesting of the Martian formations was found about 9 km east of the "pyramids" of Cydonia. This photo was released by NASA. It shows a stone structure resembling a human head. In the immediate vicinity of the "pyramids" a strange dark ring is visible. NASA commented on the image, noting that the "head" is an "oval formation", ignoring the ring and pyramidal formations.

As for the "spaceship" mentioned above, R. Draker writes, citing a Washington source:

"... the wreckage was photographed at the limit of optical resolution, about 15 miles from the NASA probe (meaning the Viking-1 landing block, located at a point with coordinates 22.7 ° N, 48 ° W. long - V. A.) The photographs show approximately two-thirds of the all-metal (?) ship, which could be either cylindrical or have the shape of a plate ... One can see a furrow dug by the ship in the Martian soil.

It is also suggested that, perhaps, the artificial origin of the "perfectly round" formation on the top of the highest volcanic Mount Olympus, allegedly built by aliens to land their spaceships.

A series of similar hypotheses include the coincidence of the location of the three largest volcanoes of Mars with the plan of the three Egyptian pyramids at Giza.

Hypotheses about artificial structures on Mars, like Schiaparelli's once assumption about the artificial origin of "channels", although it was not confirmed, cannot but attract the attention of scientists with all their traditional skepticism. "Is it possible that someone has already visited Mars and is waiting for us now? Even the most severe skeptics are shuddered by these questions," exclaims R. Draker. Finding the answers would require the most daring venture in human history - an expedition to Mars.

Given that certain circles in the United States may indeed be interested in concealing some space information, we considered it appropriate to objectively assess the validity of the hypotheses about the artificial origin of some Martian formations. In this case, we limited ourselves to the study of two regions of Mars: Cydonia and Elysium. Based on published maps and images, general and local features of the relief were studied, expert opinions were obtained, morphological and compositional analyzes were carried out, physical modeling of Martian formations, comparison with the lunar surface, forms and layout of the Egyptian and Mexican pyramids.

To understand the structure and origin of unusual Martian shadows, it is useful to consider them taking into account the regional maps of Mars. Let's take a geomorphological map of Mars at a scale of 1:20,000,000 and an Atlas of Mars at a scale of 1:100,000. The area of interest to us is located at the northeastern end of the mesas of Kydonia (41°N, 9.5°W). The site is located on a low hilly area (with heights up to 1 km) in the zone of transition from the relief of the mainland area to the volcanic relief of the lava covers of the Acidalian Plain. Numerous rocky peaks are visible on the map. Similar forms are characteristic of Elysium and other regions of Mars. The lava cover of these places is a plain with a cluster of hills and ridges. Individual hills up to 5 km in diameter often have an angular shape. The plain is dissected by cracks of the northeast and northwest directions. There are many flat-topped blocks with rectangular and diamond-shaped outlines in this area. Here, in the marginal zone of the mainland, peaked ridges and hills are also characteristic, on the slopes of which screes are developed.

The area of the Elysium Plateau has a gently undulating volcanic relief, formed as a result of the outflow of lava from three large volcanoes - Elysium, Hecate and Albor. Lava covers are dotted with numerous cracks, furrows, ledges.

The description of the relief is necessary because without taking into account the global and local features of the tectonic structure and relief of Mars, it is impossible to form a correct idea of the nature of strange formations. They do not contradict the morphological characteristics of the reliefs described. At the same time, many details of the pictures in Kydonia are difficult to explain from a general standpoint.

Let's look at these details. In addition to several craters and shapeless formations, more than a dozen figures with geometric contours stand out in the images. Among them is a dark ring, completely unlike a crater, four large and several small pyramidal bodies. Martian formations, generally speaking, can be compared with terrestrial hills, volcano cones, open splits, ledges and ... pyramids.

According to a number of researchers, the comparison with the pyramids is the most acceptable and equally extravagant. At the same time, the small Martian pyramids are approximately equal in size to the large Egyptian ones in Giza or those recently discovered in the jungles of Brazil, whose height reaches 250 m.

Site of the Kydonia region, presumably
interpreted as "Pyramid City" and "Martian Sphinx" Simulation of Martian shadows in the Cydonia region. Light source - 20 degrees above the layout plane.

But even these amazing structures look like children's toys when compared with the large Martian "pyramids", which are monstrous in size (if, of course, they are artificial structures). So, the side of the base of the largest "pyramid" is about one and a half kilometers, the height can reach a kilometer, if not more (the length of the side of the pyramid of Cheops is 230 m, the height is 147 m).

Strange figures are located in a fairly close group on a site of about 25 km2. Their sharp, geometrically strict chiaroscuro stand out well against a gray hilly background and even resemble an urbanized landscape of cyclopean size, which again raises the idea of a natural tectonic origin of pyramidal formations.

In addition, there are no such gigantic artificial structures on Earth, and the mind refuses to believe in their existence on lifeless Mars. But is this a strong enough argument - not on Earth? The projects of cities of the future are known in the form of giant pyramids, towers, walls, and other megastructures. Do we have grounds to unconditionally deny the possibility of the existence in the Galaxy or even in the solar system of civilizations like ours, capable of colonizing the same Mars, a planet that once flourished, like the Earth now? Theoretically, such a possibility is not ruled out, although the available scientific data do not give rise to optimism.

As for the most intriguing formation - the bas-relief image of a human face, some even believe that this is a female face, since it is framed by a kind of hairdress. And in fact: the eyes, mouth and nose are so symmetrical, the chiaroscuro is so anthropomorphic that it is difficult to believe in the natural origin of this phenomenon. The amazing portrait has a length of about 1500 m. Since the angle of incidence of the sun's rays in the NASA photograph is approximately 20 °, the height of the "bas-relief" can reach 550 m.

What's this? A death mask depicting the tragedy of a hypothetical Martian civilization, a mute call directed to brothers in mind? Some kind of Martian sphinx, as mysterious as the Egyptian one? Or is it just pure chance, a game of nature, so diverse in sculpting forms from inorganic material. It is noted that the image is oriented strictly along the meridian of Mars, which is difficult to explain by chance.

The pictures agreed to comment on the experts in aerospace research methods. The head of the laboratory said the following: "The character of the surface of the site in Kydonia is heterogeneous. However, sharp forms predominate, especially in the upper left part of the image. Shadows from some kind of jagged1 shape elevations are visible here. To the east, a mysterious dark ring structure is visible, which differs from the typical crater at the lower edge To the east, at the upper edge, a hill is visible, which, by the nature of the shadows, resembles ... a human face. Of course, the anthropomorphic hill is a game of nature. What looks like pyramids are most likely raised areas. A single image is not enough for unambiguous conclusions, especially for such serious statements about the existence of artificial structures on Mars.

Another expert gave this explanation for the same image:

"Several sharp shadows in the upper left corner attract attention. The straightness of the section of light and dark areas is alarming. Some pattern is visible in the location of these formations. Some of them (upper) have retained their shape more, others (below), as if melted (possibly , light areas are snow), are more destroyed. They can be considered faults with echelon-shaped breaks. The contrast is caused by elevation changes or a sharp change in the properties of the reflecting surface. Most likely, light areas are uplifts, deep shadows are steep slopes. It should be noted the dark annular structure, apparently due not to the relief, but to the poor reflectivity of the rocks.

What could this detail mean? I ask, pointing at the anthropomorphic figure.

It looks like a human face!

Yes, it seems. But still prove that this is really an artificial structure.

This is some kind of symmetrical mountain with slopes equal in steepness. It could be argued that the actual shadow contours are purely random, but the light contour is alarming, which, as it were, frames the figure like hair. If this detail is removed, then the association with the image of the face immediately disappears. No matter how tempting the hypothesis of the artificial origin of the structure, we still have a natural geological formation.

American researchers suggest that shadows of the pyramids are visible in this picture. Your opinion?

I agree that we have pyramidal formations in front of us. A number of elevations of the relief has a geometrically regular shape. Before us is a section of a mountain system with open faults. Not artificial, but geological formations.

Regarding the photograph of the Elysium region, the following conclusion is given:

"In no case can we talk about pyramids here. If they were three-dimensional formations, they would cast appropriate shadows. There are none in the picture. Light fields should hardly be mistaken for slopes. Maybe these are snow or areas of high reflectivity. The dark, radially diverging lines at first glance represent cleavages.However, the rifts are characterized by more pronounced shadows, which are not visible here.The dark lines can be considered warmed, melted zones radiating from the craters.There are two such figures here.The third, western, may turn out to be the pinnacle of a similar system, only on a larger scale."

Thus, experts do not deny that pyramidal formations were photographed in Kydonia, and confirm the formal similarity of the "oval formation" with the image of a human head. But all these strange figures, in their opinion, are of natural origin.

Our morphological analysis of the pyramidal figures was hampered by the poor quality of the photocopies we had at our disposal. Stepped and small figures, apparently, were destroyed and covered up. Their contours, especially in the shadow part, are difficult to trace. Therefore, errors in determining dimensions and angles are possible. It is not easy to find the shadows of artificial formations in the Martian "shadow theater", even if they really are. The results obtained must be evaluated taking into account all this.

The appearance of chiaroscuro contours on the raised ribs, the shape and length of the cast shadows, the different density of the shadow on the unlit side, at least for the largest formations, are characteristic not of open faults, not of eruptions or cones of volcanoes, but of elevations, square and rectangular in plan . In large figures, sediments are clearly visible, which make it difficult to accurately determine the contours of the bases.

Three types of elevations can be distinguished. Ordinary, like the pyramid of Cheops; pyramids with broken edges, like the "rhomboid" pyramid at Dashur; stepped, reminiscent of the pyramid at Meidum or the Mexican pyramids.

On the shady sides of the elevations, illuminated areas like cracks are visible, perhaps these are traces of destruction and drifting with sand. Separate linear shadows are visible - cracks or ledges.

The location of the pyramidal figures was reproduced by us on a plasticine model. The angle of inclination of the faces for different models varied from 30 to 60°. The light source was located, as in Martian conditions, at an angle of 20° above the horizon. Chiaroscuro were obtained on mock-up images, basically identical to those of the real surface of Mars, which may indicate a truly pyramidal shape of Martian bodies.

It is possible to give both natural and artificial analogues of the Martian figures. Among the natural - television image of the central hill of Alphonse crater, on the Moon, received by Ranger 9, and natural - weathering "pyramids" in the vicinity of Cappados in Turkey. Among the artificial ones are the shadows of the Egyptian pyramids.

Morphological analysis and modeling, therefore, do not provide decisive arguments either "for" or "against" the pyramid hypothesis.

Artificial structures and their ensembles differ from natural formations by a higher degree of orderliness, by certain regularities in planning. But are there any geometric patterns in the ensemble of Martian figures, are there any analogies with architectural complexes on Earth? As far as we know, no one was looking for such regularities.

The compositional analysis undertaken by us unexpectedly showed that if the contours of the "pyramids", "sphinx" and the dark ring are defined more or less correctly, then they are not located chaotically, but form an ordered, complex system.

The axis of the Martian "sphinx" and the largest "pyramid" in the first approximation are parallel and oriented to the north (like the pyramid complex in Giza). The axes of the other three large "pyramids" are parallel to each other and rotated with respect to the meridian by about 16 °, that is, by 1/22 of the arc of a circle*.

[This value - the alpha angle (16.36 °) - is remarkable in that it is the basis for the layout of Stonehenge, the oldest megalithic monument on Earth, and, as we have established, determines the geometry of many other structures of antiquity (see the article by V. I. Avin -sky "New mysteries of Stonehenge" in the yearbook "On land and at sea" 1980).]

The shadows of the Egyptian pyramids can be cited as an artificial analogue of the shadows of the Martian formations.

At the same time, the position and dimensions of all figures are, as it were, mutually agreed and depend on the axial lines and their bases tangent to the sides. The dark ring is located in the middle of the field occupied by the "pyramids" and the "sphinx", so that a circle drawn from the center of the ring covers the entire composition.

In terms of their absolute size, large Martian "pyramids" have no analogues among artificial structures on Earth. But in terms of composition, some analogies are revealed. The location of the figures of the Martian complex is in principle comparable with the layout of the Mexican pyramids, for example, the pyramids of the Sun and the Moon in Teotihuacan, the pyramids and temples in Uxmal and Chichen Itza. The analogy consists in a rather dense, interconnected arrangement of the pyramids and, most importantly, in the same rotation of the axes of the Martian formations and the terrestrial pyramids with respect to the meridian by the same angle alpha (1/22 of the arc).

However, the seemingly thread of evidence of the artificial origin of the Martian "pyramids" can hardly serve as a guide. The fact is that it is at such an angle to the meridian in Kydonia that a series of faults pass. And not only in Kydonia, but also on the Elysium plateau, almost everywhere on Martian faults have a western or eastern deviation from the meridian by an angle of alpha or two alpha.A similar pattern is characteristic of terrestrial faults.It is possible that we are dealing with some new pattern in nature and ... the architecture of the ancients, which is no less interesting by itself.

And yet, having seen the face of the "Martian sphinx", comprehending the geometrism of forms, their orderliness, a considerable effort is required to agree with the seemingly natural idea of the natural origin of these forms. Analyzing the Martian formations, we cannot get away from the question of the purpose of building the earthly pyramids and their possible Martian counterparts. The unthinkable dimensions of the latter, if they are really pyramids, cast doubt on the ideas now accepted in science about the pyramids-tombs of the pharaohs and places of worship. In the light of recent discoveries (pyramids in Brazil, at the bottom of the "Bermuda Triangle", and finally, hypothetical "Martian pyramids"), considerations about the geophysical purpose of the pyramids are of increasing interest, which radically changes fundamental historical concepts.

Morphological (top) and compositional (bottom)
analysis of gyrothetic reconstruction of Martian formations.

Pyramids on Mars? This seems impossible. What is the point then? In the features of Martian tectonics and the laws of relief formation that have not yet been studied. Otherwise, no matter how fantastic it may be, the picture captured the ruins of some structures of an unknown civilization.

Today, without additional studies of Mars images, without new space data, it is difficult to draw any conclusions. But in any case, the hypothesis of the pyramids on Mars must be treated with attention.

Mars throws a new challenge to scientists. If the huge size of Martian formations seems incredible for artificial structures, then we should not forget that the force of Martian gravity is only 1/3 of the earth's and a creature as tall as a man could be a real giant on Mars. “Is it not possible to admit,” asks V. Hein, “that the mythical giants, to whom the legends attribute the construction of Stone Age megaliths, arrived from Mars? the god of the Martians"?"

If the pictures of Mars are really artificial structures, then this radically changes our ideas about the origin of intelligence in the Universe.

Are the "Martian pyramids" and the "Martian sphinx" material proof of the existence of alien civilizations? Will future missions to Mars provide an answer to this sacramental question?

Orbiters and rovers exploring the Red Planet constantly replenish the collections of researchers and amateurs with numerous images - sometimes strange, almost fantastic and completely unexpected for scientists. Let's consider the most interesting moments.

03/12/2013, Tue, 02:43, Msk

Mars attracts the attention of people with its similarity to Earth: similar mass, approximately equal amount of sunlight, signs of the presence of water, and maybe life. Moreover, Mars is older than the Earth by about 100 million years, which means that by now reasonable Martians could achieve much more progress than earthlings. It should be noted that we already know a lot about Mars: scientists are almost sure that millions of years ago it was a water-rich planet with a comfortable climate. But there are plenty of mysteries. Orbiters and rovers send a lot of pictures of the Red Planet, and some frames cause a real storm of passions.

Valley of the Pyramids

In 1971, NASA's Viking 1 probe took one of the most famous images of Mars. A photo of an area called Cydonia showed a giant stone structure with a face resembling an Egyptian sphinx. This sensational 1.5-km statue was also accompanied by a "scatter" of rocks similar to the Egyptian pyramids.

A photo of an area called Cydonia showed a giant stone structure with a face resembling an Egyptian sphinx

The publication of the images spawned an avalanche of articles, books, films and video games about the hardworking Martians who were not too lazy to build a giant human face to impress future generations of earthlings. There were many theories: from the "star gate" between the Martian and Egyptian pyramids to the library of incredible knowledge left to us by the alien forefathers.

Because of all this hype, photographing the "Martian valley of the pyramids" (and no one called Cydonia otherwise) has become one of the main tasks for NASA's new Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) probe. He arrived at Mars in September 1997 - after 18 years of heated debate, and the first coveted picture was taken only on April 5, 1998. The MGS camera was 10 times more sensitive than the Viking camera, and thousands of Internet users were eagerly waiting for NASA to post the coveted image in the public domain.

Later shots from a different angle showed that the "face of the sphinx" is actually an ordinary rock.

As a result, no one was satisfied with the resulting picture: no face was visible on it, only an ordinary rock. However, the "contactees" continued to believe, especially since MGS photographed the valley through a thin layer of clouds, and many details were lost.

We had to wait a long time for the next picture - it was taken on April 8, 2001 on a cloudless summer day. For the highest quality photo even had to change the orientation of the probe.

This is how the photo story of the "greatest mystery of Mars" looks like,

Alas, now everyone was able to see that the "face of the sphinx" is actually an ordinary rock, and the sensational photo of "Viking-1" is just a play of light, shadow, imperfect technology and human imagination. Thus ended the story of the "greatest mystery of Mars", but it was after it that thousands of enthusiasts around the world began to peer into the pictures of the Red Planet and find unusual things on them.

Snowman

In November 2007, the Spirit rover at the base of a plateau called the Home Plate took a picture that caused a real storm of discussion. The panoramic camera of the rover photographed not some kind of "overwhelming" artifact, such as the ruins of a million-year-old metropolis or the wreckage of a spaceship, but a real living alien. Thanks to the attentiveness of Internet users in the lower left corner, almost at the very edge of the picture, something very reminiscent of the figure of a Bigfoot, confidently walking through the desert of the Red Planet, was found. Worst of all, nothing was written about this undeniably remarkable object in the official annotation for the image on the NASA website. Conspiracy theorists immediately saw this as a sign and thought that inattentive censors missed a photo of a representative of an extraterrestrial race, the existence of which the US government has long been aware of.

Thanks to the attentiveness of Internet users in the lower left corner, almost at the very edge of the picture, something very reminiscent of the figure of a Bigfoot, confidently walking through the desert of the Red Planet, was found.

The figure in the photo is indeed very similar to a humanoid, but there are some nuances that put an end to the bewitching version of the first contact with extraterrestrial life. First of all, the Spirit rover does not have the perfect high-resolution color camera that Curiosity has. Therefore, color panoramic images are "assembled" from several photographs taken with a black and white camera through a pair of filters with an interval of several minutes. This fact alone leads us to the conclusion that the humanoid would have to freeze for 10 minutes in its dynamic pose in order to do well in the final panoramic image, consisting of a total of 154 individual photographs. In addition, a careful observer will notice that the figure of an alien is located on a piece of rock, which is located at a short distance from the rover. More specifically, the alien was less than five meters away from Spirit.

NASA scientists are sure that the next Martian sensation was just a play of light and shadow on a bizarrely weathered rock.

This means that the height of the Martian is not at all impressive - only 6 cm. However, enthusiasts of the search for extraterrestrial civilizations can find factual material in this: for example, the small stature of aliens could explain how they manage to hide howling civilization from our cameras. However, NASA scientists have a different opinion and are sure that the next Martian sensation was just a play of light and shadow on a bizarrely weathered rock.

Under the shadow of the Martian forest

The Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter has taken many pictures showing objects that look like unusual, attractive, unearthly beauty vegetation. The photo shows long dark trees, shimmering with a metallic sheen, incomprehensible "hair", similar to thickets of bushes, dark fluffy spots of "moss".

The Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter took many pictures showing objects that look like unusual, attractive unearthly beauty vegetation

Scientists are unequivocally sure that this is not vegetation at all, but mainly geological formations caused by the change of seasons. In winter, some regions of Mars experience snow from frozen carbon dioxide. In spring, it melts very quickly, turns into a gaseous state, and jets of gas throw out the lower, darker layers of soil to the surface.

But be that as it may, the picture is really amazingly beautiful and worthy of the artist’s brush no less than living earthly forests.

Airship hangar

In July 2010, the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter photographed an unusual object that looked like a huge hangar. It is located at coordinates 13°19"50.55"N; 115°35"10.15"W next to a perfectly round crater resembling the sand-covered dish of the Arecibo radio telescope.

In the glare of sunlight, an elongated object hundreds of meters long really resembles an artificial polished structure.

In the glare of sunlight, an elongated object hundreds of meters long really resembles an artificial polished structure. However, a higher resolution black and white image shows that the "hangar" looks more like an unusual sand dune or a rock covered with sand. Nevertheless, those who wish can see in it both the geometrically correct hull of the spacecraft, and a large boathouse with a black shadow from the entrance.

NASA's Curiosity rover has been working on Mars for almost half a year and has photographed several mysterious objects, the origin of which has caused considerable interest to non-specialists.

Along with such "little things" as a stone of an almost perfect pyramidal shape and a scattering of incomprehensible stone "peas", two pictures stand out, which show objects that look like pieces of plastic.

NASA's Curiosity rover has been working on Mars for almost half a year and has photographed several mysterious objects, the origin of which has aroused considerable interest among non-specialists.

On the 61st day of its mission, October 7, 2012, Curiosity was taking routine pictures of the Martian surface and came across a bright object that looked like a piece of polyethylene about 1 cm long. The rover was delayed for a day so that it could take a detailed photograph of an incomprehensible little thing.

After studying the images, scientists came to the conclusion that this is indeed a piece of plastic, but this is not an artifact of a lost civilization, but part of the rover itself.

A tiny object that looks like a flattened pearl was originally sprinkled with Martian sand

However, on December 19, in the Rocknest region, the rover sifted through the Martian sand and again came across an incomprehensible shiny object. At the same time, a tiny object, similar to a flattened pearl, was originally sprinkled with Martian sand, that is, it definitely did not fall off the rover. NASA experts have confirmed that this is not part of the rover, but most likely a fragment of a larger stone located under the sand at a greater depth. Considering that traces of a stream dried up a long time ago were found near the find, the appearance of a shiny pebble does not seem like something fantastic, but many saw an artificial object or plant in it.

Monolith on Phobos

Not only Mars was "noted" by mysterious objects. On its satellite - Phobos - there is also something to see. We are talking about an object informally called "monolith". The object was photographed in August 1998 by the Mars Global Surveyor and named for its resemblance to an alien artifact from the science fiction film A Space Odyssey 2001. We are talking about a vertically standing triangular prism 85 m high with "suspiciously" correct proportions and sharp edges. Such an unusual shape of the rock attracted the attention of the press and they began to talk about the monolith. It is interesting that they are still talking about it, although NASA said that this is an ordinary rock - just an unusual shape. At the same time, Mars also has a similar monolith (-7.2S; 267.4E), which NASA experts call an "ordinary boulder" that does not have a clear rectangular shape only because of the pixelation of the image. As you know, digital photos have square pixels, which makes the edges of all objects taken with low resolution straight. In addition, on Earth there are a lot of rocks and stones of almost regular rectangular shape. It should also be noted that in the same photograph of Phobos there are many similar rocks and ledges, although, of course, none of them has such a regular triangular shape.

Both Mars and Phobos have a "monolith"

However, astronaut Buzz Aldrin added fuel to the fire, who said: "There is a strange object on Phobos with a very unusual shape. You should definitely visit the moons of Mars." From the point of view of searching for traces of a developed lost civilization, this looks logical - Mars, apparently, has undergone a large-scale catastrophe, and geological processes for millions should have erased any noticeable traces of intelligent life from the surface of the Red Planet. On the other hand, on the airless dead Phobos, some artifacts could be preserved.

One way or another, the monoliths on Phobos and Mars will still keep their mysteries, since their thorough study is not planned in the coming years. In 2007, the Canadian Space Agency announced plans for the PRIME mission: an unmanned vehicle was supposed to land near the monolith on Phobos, but a date for this mission has not yet been set. Perhaps the secret of the monolith could be revealed by the Russian automatic interplanetary station Phobos-Grunt, but its launch in November 2011 ended in disaster.

Is the answer close?

According to experts in the field of psychology, the vast majority of alien "artifacts" are a consequence of a special property of our brain, which "wants" to see familiar objects where they are not. Because of this, we see someone's face in the pattern of clouds, a human figure in the interweaving of trees, and so on. The same applies to photographs of other planets: in a pile of stones we see the ruins of a city, in unusual stones and rocks - skeletons, buildings, skulls, and so on. For example, in a photo taken in November 1999 by the Mars Global Surveyor probe, the Promethei Rupes region is visible with a light area resembling a giant "valentine" shape. This "heart" has almost perfectly even contours, as if it was painted by a talented artist. However, hardly anyone believes that many years ago the Martians drew a 255-meter postcard "from Mars to earthlings with love."

This "heart" has almost perfectly even contours, as if it was painted by a talented artist

Nevertheless, people will continue to make new telescopes, launch new probes, peer into space photographs and see in them disturbing signs of life and alien intelligence. It is in our nature, and this, perhaps, is the meaning of our existence.

Mikhail Levkevich

The best option is to hide the needle
will dump a haystack on it.

Doesn't it remind you of anything? We are seeing something similar now. Every day, the World Wide Web dumps gigabytes of information on us. Among these digital streams, it is very difficult to find truly valuable and useful information that makes you think. It was in this situation that pyramids on mars. Let's continue, the world of the pyramids.

This news has been known since 1972. It was then that photographs of the Martian Elysium Quadrilateral were obtained, on the surface of which strange hills were found, casting quadrangular shadows ... Well, think of the pyramids - you never know what Mother Nature is capable of “piling”? All this seems to be easily explained. Time passed, the pyramids were forgotten. And only rare seekers of truth periodically appear with their statements regarding the artificiality of many Martian anomalies.

But I would not like to talk about Elysius today. Sidonia attracted my attention and fascinated me with her riddles. At first, this area riveted my attention due to the well-known anomaly called "" or simply "face" (the "Face"). Now I have no doubt that this is what they were built for - to draw our attention to Cydonia.]]>You have to be completely blind to believe NASA's claims that the "face" is just a play of light and shadows. In addition, as will be indicated below, the leadership of this organization itself, again, according to circumstantial evidence, does not think so at all. A snapshot of the Cydonia region, in which the pyramids on Mars are quite clearly visible, has been traveling through the expanses of the “God Net” for a long time and, nevertheless, it will not be superfluous to bring it here again.

There are enough anomalies in the picture, but, as I said, what excites my imagination most of all is the so-called “D and M pyramid”, named after the scientists who first drew public attention to it - Di Pietro and Gregory Molenaar. But why is this Martian pyramid so unique? It looks like an ordinary hill. Well, while on hand there were only photographs of this area taken by the Viking, the explanation with the hill somehow, excuse the expression, “rolled” ...

Whereas the analysis of new images dispelled the illusion of the naturalness of Martian objects. There is a hypothesis and I must say, I fully share it, that pyramids on Mars, and in particular the pyramids of Cydonia, this is an encrypted message. A kind of "key" to all the mysteries of the "red planet". Is humanity really that blind? We spend a lot of money looking for contacts with extraterrestrial civilizations, naively believing that messages from them will be carried by radio waves (), for some reason ignoring messages (obvious!!!) of a different kind.]]>Those who are familiar with the work of Drunvalo Melchizedek, namely, his "Flower of Life" I think they will understand what the "golden section" is. In simple terms, this is 1.61803398. The relation found in all organic life is what we perceive as harmony. I will give examples from life. The spiral of the snail is twisted along the "golden section", the leaves on a tree branch also obey this law, and, finally, the ratio of the length of the body of any person from the head to the navel to the length from the navel to the soles is 1.61803398.

Now back to our D&M pyramid. At the very beginning, it was believed that, like the Great Pyramid on the Giza plateau, it was quadrangular, but later it turned out that this was not the case. All the fault of damage to its structure. Next, I would like to list a short list of everything that this unusual pyramid is fraught with. The dimensions of the "pyramid of D and M" are approximately 1 mile by 1.6 miles (very close to the "golden ratio"). This structure has five-sided mirror symmetry. In order not to be unfounded, I will quote here an excerpt from the McDaniel Report:

... a mathematically rich figure,
whose geometry includes the mathematical foundations of the hexagon and pentagon
and classical geometric proportions of the "golden section". The model's twenty internal angles, angular ratios and trigonometric functions redundantly express the three values of the square roots of 2, 3 and 5 and two mathematical constants: the number pi (the ratio of the circumference of a circle to the length of its diameter) and the number "e" (the base of natural logarithms) ... For With the exception of the square roots of 2 and 3, the constants appear not alone, but in seven different mathematical combinations. The most commonly encountered quantities are e, pi, e/root of 5 and e/root of 3. These quantities are repeated four times each in at least two different measurement modes...

The top of this mysterious Martian pyramid of Cydonia is located at 40.86 degrees north latitude, the tangent of this number is 0.865, and this is nothing more than e/pi! Another relationship related to the geographical location of the pyramid: the nearest angular line is opposite to the line at 40.88 degrees north latitude at an angle of 19.5 degrees. Now pay attention to this corner, it is important, because in the future we will return to it.

This angle underlies a whole area of mathematics called "energy-synergetic geometry" and is called the "tetrahedral constant". As the name implies, the main element here is precisely the tetrahedron. From all of the above, one simple conclusion follows - the pyramid is not located in a random place.

And now, as promised at the very beginning, let's return to NASA ... When the public learned about the upcoming landing on Mars of the Pathfinder apparatus, calls began to be heard more and more often to make this very landing in the area of \u200b\u200bSidonia and study the pyramids on Mars in detail. All objects in this area indicate that this is the place that will answer all our questions. Both the D&M pyramid and the face are no doubt built to draw our attention to the intelligence of those who put it together. That's what it was planned from the beginning...

But as we know, Pathfinder landed in the Ares Valley. Although it seemed, what could be interesting here? But this is only at first glance. Pay attention to the following subtle details of this mission. The solar panels of the descent vehicle are in the form of isosceles triangles, thus, its design is a tetrahedron! And now let's look at the landing site - 19.5 degrees north latitude ... Accident?

Coupled with the mysterious "natural" objects of Cydonia, isn't there too much randomness? With the landing of the Pathfinter, humanity made it clear to Mars that the “message” was accepted and understood…

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Pyramids in China: an attempt to hide the airfield of the Gods on "metal dragons" // 20th January 2012 //
Pyramids in Mexico: another trace of a highly developed civilization // 8th January 2012 //
Why did proto-civilization leave the Earth. Review of hypotheses // 23rd December 2011 // 2
Hypotheses of the artificial origin of the Moon or an alien ship above our heads // 4th December 2011 // 1