Presentation ready on the topic of a person personality. Presentation on the topic "personality". Concepts of the meaning of life

"Existential psychology" - Basic definition. Understanding time. Soren Kierkegaard. Existential analysis. Existence. Edmund Husserl. Definition. Regular educational projects. Guilt. Understanding the world. existential psychotherapy in Russia. Rollo May. Jean-Paul Sartre. Human understanding. Existential psychotherapy.

"The subject of developmental psychology" - S. Hall's theory of recapitulation. Development of sensory and motor functions in the first year of life. Memory. Item developmental psychology. Crisis 40 years. Infancy. Psychoanalysis. Early childhood. Self-awareness. The key concept in developmental psychology is "development". Internal and external prerequisites for the adolescent crisis.

"Legal psychology" - Social factors influencing human behavior. Forensic psychological examination in criminal and civil proceedings. Components of legal behavior. Structure professional activity lawyer. Signs of criminal behavior. Accentuations of personality. Types of violent criminals.

"Fundamentals of General Psychology" - Consciousness. Hermann Ebbinghaus (1850-1909). Wilhelm Wundt (1832-1920). The law of perception (the answer is proportional to the logarithm of the degree of exposure). Reviewers. General psychology. Methodology psychological knowledge. Methods of psychological research. The subject of psychological knowledge. The history of the development of psychological knowledge.

"Special psychology" - Deviations in development are very different. Researchers. The number of children and adolescents is increasing all over the world. Tiflopsychology. General theoretical provisions. Risk factors. Groups of abnormal children. Introduction to special psychology and pedagogy. Special psychology. Tasks special psychology. Based on the data of special psychology, a training system is being built.

"Engineering psychology" - Engineering psychology. Ergonomics object system. Tasks. psychological science. diagnostic tasks. Stage of development. The purpose of engineering psychology. Psychodiagnostic methods. Tasks of engineering psychology. Methodological principles. Object, subject and tasks of engineering psychology. Development prospects.

There are 10 presentations in total in the topic

    slide 1

    Strong personality is aware of the motives that move her, adheres to them firmly and patiently achieves their implementation, while a weak person cannot make decisions based on her motives, she does not adhere to her decisions and therefore is unable to follow the intended path.
    Inayat Khan Hidaya

  • slide 2

    Plan

    Purpose: to get acquainted with the features of the structure of personality.

    • The concept of "personality".
    • Individual and individuality
    • Personality structure

  • slide 3

    The concept of personality

    • Anthropological. Personality - the carrier of universal human properties. It is considered as a generic concept denoting a representative of the human genus Homo sapiens, and is likened to the concept of an individual.
    • Sociological. Personality is considered primarily as an object and product of social relations.
    • Personalistic. Abandoned in the modern industrial world of things, a person loses his individuality, dissolving his "I" in the mass.

  • slide 4

    Personality

    • The human individual as a subject of relations and conscious activity.
    • A sustainable system of social significant features characterizing an individual as a member of a particular society or community.
    • The result of the socialization of an individual who assimilates traditions and a system of value orientations developed by mankind.
    • The concept of "personality" is one of the most vague and controversial in science.

  • slide 5

    Individual and individuality

    Man is considered as an individual as a single representative of the human race:

    • Temperament
    • Character
    • Intelligence
    • Needs
    • Interests
    • Capabilities

  • slide 6

    Personality structure

    • "Structure" is defined as a set of stable connections of an object that ensure its integrity and identity, i.e., the preservation of basic properties during various external and internal changes.
    • Personality structure - a specific organization of qualities, abilities, motives, values ​​inherent in a given individual, forming his unique personality in various manifestations.

  • Slide 7

    Social + biological

  • Slide 8

    The structure of personality according to Z. Freud

    • ID - primitive, instinctive and innate aspects of the personality, something dark, biological, chaotic, not knowing the laws, not obeying the rules.
    • The ego (from Latin “I”) is the part of the psyche responsible for making decisions. The ego seeks to express and satisfy the desires of the id in accordance with the restrictions imposed by the external world.
    • Superego: conscience and ego-ideal. Conscience includes the ability to critical self-assessment, the presence of moral prohibitions and the emergence of feelings of guilt. The ideal is formed from what others approve or highly value in a person; it leads the individual to choose high standards for himself to live up to.

  • Slide 9

    Exercise

    • Draw a diagram of your personality in the form of a personality tree.
    • Please note that the soil is the ancestral gene pool, that is, the genetic inheritance into which the tree is rooted.
    • The roots can absorb the genotypic properties of the mother or father, or a little from each of them, as well as from other relatives, to whom a person is somewhat similar in his behavior and manifestations.
    • Trunk - mental properties that are formed in the process of development, determined by the interaction of soil, basic features with the environment. The stem part symbolically means character, emotions, intellect, communicative style (a way of communicating with other people).
    • The crown of the "tree of personality" covers the sphere of interests, social activity, moral qualities. It is largely formed by the environment, the environment. But also higher levels Personalities, absorbing cultural and historical values, are selectively drawn to certain phenomena of life, people, areas of interest, activities and are repelled by others.

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slide 2

The question of the origin and essence of man is solved differently by science and religion, although points of contact appear between them today. According to scientific views man belongs bodily to mammals, namely, to homenids (ie, to human-like beings). Various hypotheses are expressed about the reasons that contributed to the separation of man from the animal world. Many sciences (anthropology, paleontology, physiology, etc.) discuss this problem. Scientists believe that man is a product of a long biological and socio-cultural evolution.

slide 3

In philosophy, there are such concepts, with the help of which they try to cover as many phenomena, aspects of the real world as possible. This set is so diverse and heterogeneous that most often in the concept it is possible to generalize only one feature, the property of the objects that form it. Such extremely general concepts are called categories.

slide 4

In the most ancient philosophical systems of China, India, Greece, man was conceived as part of the Cosmos, the all-encompassing world. And the man himself was perceived as a kind of "microcosm". Nature was understood as a living organism, and man as a combination of different elements, or "elements", of the cosmos. One of the ancient Chinese sages owns the words: "Between Heaven and Earth, man is the most precious thing."

slide 5

Ancient Indian philosophy put forward the idea of ​​the transmigration of souls and made the boundary between living beings very conditional and mobile. The essence of this idea is that the soul of a person after his death does not die, but finds another home for himself. Ancient philosophy enriched science with an understanding of the differences between the laws of nature and the human world. A contradiction was singled out: "the immutable laws of nature are the changing human institutions." Greek philosophy, which proclaimed the thesis of man as the measure of everything that exists, was guided by his mind, called for self-knowledge. Medieval Christian philosophy contrasted "true", divine and "untrue", created being, while distinguishing between essence and existence, meaning and symbol.

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The concept of the individual was first used in his writings by the ancient Roman scientist and politician Cicero. So he translated from Greek the word "atom", which meant "indivisible" and referred to the smallest and indivisible, according to ancient philosophers, terms of the world around. The term "individual" characterizes a person as one of the people.

Slide 7

The term individuality makes it possible to characterize the differences of a person from other people, implying not only the appearance, but also the totality of socially significant qualities. Each person is individual, although the degree of this originality may be different.

Slide 8

The concept of "individuality" in biology refers to the specific features inherent in a particular individual, organism due to a combination of hereditary and acquired properties. In psychology, individuality is understood as a holistic characteristic of a certain person through his temperament, character, interests, intellect, needs and abilities. Philosophy considers individuality as a unique originality of any phenomenon, including both natural and social.

Slide 9

Personality is a human individual as a subject of relations and conscious activity. Personality is a stable system of socially significant features that characterize an individual as a member of a particular society.

slide 10

In science, there are two approaches to personality. The first considers the essential characteristics. Here the personality acts as an active participant in free actions, as a subject of knowledge and change of the world. At the same time, such qualities are recognized as personal, which determine the way of life and self-esteem of individual characteristics. The second direction of studying personality considers it through a set of functions, or roles. A person, acting in society, manifests himself in a variety of circumstances, depending not only on individual traits, but also on social conditions.

slide 5

A.N. Leontiev, psychologist about human personality

Features of the higher nervous system, physical constitution, biological needs that characterize an individual do not become features of his personality. For example, such an anatomical feature as a dislocation of the hip joint, dooming a child to lameness, does not apply to personality. However, its significance for the formation of personality is enormous. Lameness dooms the child to isolation from peers, gives rise to a sense of inferiority. But some can overcome the awkwardness associated with a natural deficiency, while others are immersed in it, become withdrawn, touchy. The personality forms such relations that do not exist, have never existed and, in principle, cannot exist in nature, namely social ones. Neither ants, nor elephants, nor monkeys are familiar with them, they live in a different ecological niche. Consequently, a person arises in a special, specific niche.


Components of the concept of "man" MAN: 1. (in a broad sense) the highest stage of development of living organisms on Earth, the subject of socio-historical activity and culture. 2. (in the narrow sense) an individual as a combination of biological and social plans. INDIVIDUAL: A biological individual of the species homo sapiens, a single representative of the human race. PERSONALITY: 1. Man as a subject of relations and conscious activity. 2. A stable system of socially significant features that characterize an individual as a member of society.




1. ANTHROPOLOGICAL APPROACH carrier of universal human properties; a generic concept denoting a representative of the human genus homo sapiens; the same as "individual". PERSONALITY: At one time, the anthropological approach to man found its classical expression in the works of L. Feuerbach (gg.), who considered him primarily as a product of nature and paid relatively little attention to the importance of social relations in the formation of personality. L. Feuerbach (gg.), German materialist philosopher


2. Sociological Approach relationships; as a system of role behavior under the influence of social expectations (role theory). PERSONALITY: Personality is manifested through a set of functions or roles.


3. Personalistic approach The most complete expression of the personalistic interpretation of personality was in the concept of existentialism. These ideas were developed in the works of M. Heidegger (gg.), J. P. Sartre (gg.), K. Jaspers (gg.) and other major representatives existentialism. it is absolutely independent and individually - a unique integrity; it is absolute spiritual independence and uniqueness. PERSONALITY - Existentialism (French existentialisme from Latin existentia existence), the philosophy of existence is a special direction in the philosophy of the 20th century, focusing on the uniqueness of human being, declaring it irrational.


PERSONALITY Back in 1937, the researcher G. Allport counted 50 definitions of personality, drawn from philosophy, theology, jurisprudence, sociology and psychology. A personality is a person with his socially conditioned and individually expressed qualities: intellectual, emotional and volitional.


MAIN FEATURES OF PERSONALITY: personality is a human individual who is aware of the totality of his social traits; the individual participates in the life of society as a subject of social and cultural life; personality - a carrier of individual characteristics that manifest themselves in the process of social relations, communication and work; a person understands his social significance, his own properties and qualities, realized in public life.




MULTILEVEL MODELS OF PERSONALITY STRUCTURE Level 4 - SPIRITUAL AND MORAL PROPERTIES: beliefs, worldview, ideals, aspirations, interests, desires. Level 3 - SOCIAL PROPERTIES: habits, abilities, skills and knowledge of the individual. Level 2 - MENTAL PROPERTIES: individual characteristics perception, thinking, etc. Level 1 - BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES: temperament, features associated with sex and age. 1 model


INTRO-INDIVIDUAL LEVEL INTER-INDIVIDUAL LEVEL METAIN-INDIVIDUAL LEVEL personality is considered from the point of view of individual differences from other people, the qualities given to a person from birth are presented personality is considered from the point of view of qualities that are manifested only in the interaction of a person with other people determines the impact of a personality on other people through its activity 2 model


The structure of personality according to Z. Freud "Super-Ego" (Super-I) = Superconsciousness of values, morality, self-control "Ego" (I) = Consciousness mind. reason, reality principle, external control "Id" (It) = Subconsciousness = unconscious instincts, pleasure principle, no control Sigmund Freud (gg.) founder of psychoanalysis


STABILITY AND VARIABILITY OF PERSONALITY Personality stability is manifested in such traits as orientation, attitudes and beliefs. Personality variability can be manifested both in the variability of behavior patterns and in changes in moods, emotions, and life experience.


INDIVIDUAL An individual (from Latin individuum indivisible, an individual) is a single person, a representative of the human race, with certain biological characteristics, stability mental processes and properties, activity and flexibility in the implementation of these properties in relation to specific situation. The concept of "individual" should be distinguished from the concept of "individuality".






The structure of the term "man" INDIVIDUAL as a set of biological characteristics of a given person, including anatomical, genetic and physiological characteristics (universal and individual) of a particular person. PERSONALITY as a stable system of social traits that characterize a particular person as a member of society. Personality is influenced by the biological in man. INDIVIDUALITY THE UNIQUE UNIQUENESS OF A INDIVIDUAL PERSON, THE SET OF DIFFERENTIVE BIOLOGICAL AND SOCIAL QUALITIES OF A PARTICULAR PERSON. MAN AS A SET OF BIOLOGICAL AND SOCIAL PRINCIPLES:


Basic personality traits BIOLOGICAL Specific traits inherent in a particular individual. organism due to a combination of hereditary and acquired properties. PSYCHOLOGICAL A holistic characterization of a certain person through his temperament, character, interests, intellect, needs and abilities. SOCIAL Attitude a person to property, his place in the social hierarchy, class structure. Social status and a set of social roles of a person. PHILOSOPHICAL The unique originality of any phenomenon, including natural and social. Worldview, religion and other spiritual views of a person. SOCIALIZATION OF THE PERSON Socialization is the assimilation of social experience, both specially processed for assimilation and unprocessed. Education is a systematic, purposeful process for the formation of personality traits. When contradictions arise between the norms acquired in the process of upbringing and socialization, the latter usually win.


Stages of socialization of the personality Stages of life Stages of socialization Contents of the stage Childhood and youth Adaptation Uncritical assimilation of social experience, imitation of others. Individualization The desire to stand out, a critical attitude and rejection of the social experience of others, the desire to find "one's own way." Integration Infusion into society. Maturity Correction Adaptation to new social roles. Old age Storage Storage and transfer of social experience.

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