Read the work of Anna Karenina. Who wrote the work of Anna Karenina. Genre and direction

"Anna Karenina". Meeting at Bologoe station

The 1970s were a period rapid development capitalism in Russia. Along with the growth of industry and trade in the country, there was a process of impoverishment and dispossession of the countryside. The peasants starved, went bankrupt, abandoned their land and went to the cities, where they doomed themselves to new horrors of ruin and homeless life.

Leo Tolstoy knew the plight of the Russian countryside.
The 1970s was a period of especially intense and painful reflections of Tolstoy on the social problems of the era. During these years, Leo Tolstoy became even more imbued with hatred for the dominant forms of oppression, and came even closer to the worldview of the patriarchal peasantry.
Evidence of the great artist's deep thoughts about the fate of his country, his tireless search for a way out of the social impasse was the novel "Anna Karenina".

Anna Karenina is one of Tolstoy's greatest creations. It poses with great force the fundamental questions of the life of post-reform Russia, reflects the social changes that have taken place in the country after the “reform” of 1861.

"Anna Karenina". Anna's date with her son

In the center of the plot of the novel is the tragedy of a young, gifted, full of vitality woman who came into conflict with the deceitful morality of the high society noble environment. The spiritual drama of Anna, who broke the bonds of an unequal marriage, the sanctimonious attitude towards her on the part of high society society is shown by Tolstoy as a typical conflict of the era, as a clash of humanity with callousness, sincerity with hypocrisy during the triumph of "Mr. Coupon".

Already from the first pages of the work, we feel the turning point of the era depicted in the novel, the unsteadiness and precariousness of the prevailing relations. "Everything is mixed up in the Oblonskys' house." Everything is mixed up in the environment. The tribal aristocratic nobility is being ruined. The businessmen of the Bolgarinovs and the merchants of the Ryabinins act as the masters of life. "Rurikovich" Oblonsky humbly sits in the banker's waiting room in order to get a "lucrative job".

"Anna Karenina". Haymaking

Anna's tragedy, her loneliness and doom are caused not only by the fact that she neglected - in the name of life - the false, hypocritical laws of the noble environment, but also by the fact that in the new conditions of life she is opposed by the laws of bourgeois morality, even more cruel and inhuman.

Honest and sincere Anna, with her desire for great and pure love, organically does not accept the mores generated by bourgeois relations; she is just as disgusted by the "free" manners of the salon of Betsy Tverskoy as the deadly stiffness of Countess Lidia Ivanovna's circle.

And in this hopelessness, in the irreconcilable clash of the natural aspirations of a living person with the hypocritical morality of the possessive world lies the cause of Anna's tragic death.

With great force posed in the novel and problems economic development post-reform Russia. On the pages of the novel there are numerous images of landowners (Sviyazhsky, Stepan Vasilievich, etc.), who feel the crisis of the post-reform economy and are looking for a way out of it in even greater exploitation of the people. All their searches are, of course, doomed to failure. Honest and deep are the ideological searches of Konstantin Levin.

Levin resolutely rejects the feudal system of economy based on the enslavement of the peasants. He also does not accept the bourgeois order advocated by Koznyshev, Sviyazhsky and other liberals. Levin is looking for a way to a "bloodless revolution", a way to combine the interests of the landlords and peasants. However, reality destroys his utopian illusions.

The “meaning of life” that Levin arrives at under the influence of the words of the old man Fokanych, who calls to live “like God,” is also deeply erroneous. Nevertheless, the image of Levin - a man close to the people, a fearless seeker of truth - is one of the brightest positive images of Russian literature XIX in.
A significant place in the novel is occupied by pictures of folk life, shown with warmth and lyricism. The high spiritual qualities of the peasants, their honesty and diligence are opposed to the moral baseness and spiritual emptiness of the ruling classes.

Portrait of M.A. Gartung

Work on the novel "Anna Karenina" lasted five years - from 1873 to 1877. Initially, it was conceived as a work devoted mainly to the problems of family and marriage - its content was concentrated exclusively around the Karenin family tragedy. “In Anna Karenina, I love the idea of a family,” said Leo Tolstoy. However, as always with Tolstoy, in the process of work, the idea of the work significantly expanded, deepened, and the novel about a family drama grew into an extensive epic narrative about the entire post-reform life of Russia.
The novel "Anna Karenina" was published in the journal "Russian Messenger" in 1875-1877. The last - eighth - part of the novel was published as a separate edition in 1877.

Upon its publication, the novel caused stormy and contradictory responses. Revolutionary-democratic criticism (V. V. Stasov) noted the outstanding artistic merits of Tolstoy's new work. Liberal and populist criticism fell upon the novel with sharp attacks.

The novel "Anna Karenina" was one of the favorite works of V. I. Lenin. According to N. K. Krupskaya, he read and re-read this work many times.

The exposition of the hall includes materials characterizing the creative history of Anna Karenina and illustrations for the novel.

EXHIBITS
PORTRAIT OF TOLSTOY. I. N. Kramskoy. Oil. 1873 Copy by N. V. Orlov.
The portrait of L. N. Tolstoy by I. N. Kramskoy is one of the best lifetime portraits of the writer. The artist painted Tolstoy during his work on the novel "Anna Karenina". The originals of the portrait are in the Tretyakov Gallery and in the Yasnaya Polyana house of Tolstoy.

Maria Alexandrovna Gartung is the daughter of A.S. Pushkin. Tolstoy met her in Tula in the 1970s. Leo Tolstoy gave some features of her appearance to Anna Karenina.

Maria Alekseevna Dyakova-Sukhotina is the sister of L.N. Tolstoy's close friend D.A. Sukhotin. Some circumstances
her unsuccessful marriage with M.S. Sukhotin was reflected in Anna Karenina's description of her family life.

Eleven variants of the beginning of the novel "Anna Karenina" are stored in the manuscript section of the Leo Tolstoy Museum.

Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy

ANNA KARENINA

Vengeance is mine, and I will repay

PART ONE

All happy families similar to each other, each unhappy family is unhappy in its own way.

Everything was mixed up in the Oblonskys' house. The wife found out that her husband was in connection with a French governess who was in their house, and announced to her husband that she could not live with him in the same house. This situation continued for the third day and was painfully felt by the spouses themselves, and by all members of the family, and household members. All members of the family and members of the household felt that there was no point in their cohabitation and that at every inn people who happened to meet were more connected with each other than they, the members of the Oblonsky family and members of the household. The wife did not leave her rooms, the husband was not at home for the third day. The children ran all over the house like they were lost; the Englishwoman quarreled with the housekeeper and wrote a note to a friend, asking her to find a new place for her; the cook left the yard yesterday, during dinner; the black cook and the coachman asked for a calculation.

On the third day after the quarrel, Prince Stepan Arkadyevich Oblonsky - Stiva, as he was called in society - at the usual hour, that is, at eight o'clock in the morning, woke up not in his wife's bedroom, but in his study, on a morocco sofa ... He turned his full, the well-groomed body on the springs of the sofa, as if wishing to fall asleep again for a long time, on the other hand tightly hugged the pillow and pressed his cheek against it; but suddenly he jumped up, sat down on the sofa and opened his eyes.

“Yes, yes, how was it? he thought, remembering the dream. – Yes, how was it? Yes! Alabin gave dinner in Darmstadt; no, not in Darmstadt, but something American. Yes, but there Darmstadt was in America. Yes, Alabin gave dinner on glass tables, yes, and the tables sang: “Il mio tesoro, and not Il mio tesoro, but something better, and some small decanters, and they are women,” he recalled.

Stepan Arkadyevitch's eyes gleamed merrily, and he fell into thought, smiling. “Yes, it was good, very good. There was a lot more excellent there, but you can’t say it in words and thoughts, you can’t even express it in reality. ” And, noticing a streak of light breaking through the side of one of the cloth curtains, he cheerfully kicked his legs off the sofa, found with them his wife's embroidered (a birthday present last year), dressed in golden morocco shoes and, according to an old, nine-year habit, without getting up, stretched hand to the place where in the bedroom he hung a dressing gown. And then he suddenly remembered how and why he was sleeping not in his wife's bedroom, but in the study; the smile vanished from his face, he wrinkled his brow.

"Ah, ah, ah! Ahh! .. ”- he mumbled, remembering everything that happened. And again all the details of the quarrel with his wife presented themselves to his imagination, all the hopelessness of his situation and, most painful of all, his own guilt.

"Yes! She will not forgive and cannot forgive. And the worst thing of all is that I am to blame for everything, I am to blame, and not to blame. That's the drama, he thought. “Ah, ah, ah!” he would say in despair, recalling the most difficult impressions for himself from this quarrel.

Most unpleasant of all was that first minute when, returning from the theatre, cheerful and contented, with a huge pear for his wife in his hand, he did not find his wife in the drawing room; to his surprise, he did not find her in the study, and finally saw her in the bedroom with the unfortunate note that opened everything in her hand.

She, that ever preoccupied, and troublesome, and narrow-minded, as he considered her, Dolly, sat motionless with a note in her hand and looked at him with an expression of horror, despair and anger.

- What is it? this is? she asked, pointing to the note.

And at this recollection, as often happens, Stepan Arkadyevitch was tormented not so much by the event itself as by the way he answered these words of his wife.

What happened to him at that moment is what happens to people when they are suddenly caught in something too shameful. He failed to prepare his face for the position he was in before his wife after the discovery of his guilt. Instead of being offended, denying, making excuses, asking for forgiveness, even remaining indifferent - everything would have been better than that, what did he do! Quite involuntarily, his face ("reflexes of the brain," thought Stepan Arkadyevitch, who loved physiology), quite involuntarily, suddenly smiled his habitual, kind, and therefore stupid smile.

He couldn't forgive himself for that stupid smile. Seeing this smile, Dolly shuddered, as if from physical pain, burst out, with her characteristic vehemence, a stream of cruel words, and ran out of the room. Since then, she did not want to see her husband.

"That stupid smile is to blame for everything," thought Stepan Arkadyevitch.

“But what to do? what to do?" he said to himself in despair, and found no answer.

Stepan Arkadyevitch was a man of truth in regard to himself. He could not deceive himself and assure himself that he repented of his act. He could not now repent that he, a thirty-four-year-old, handsome, amorous man, was not in love with his wife, the mother of five living and two dead children, who was only a year younger than him. He only regretted that he could not better hide from his wife. But he felt the gravity of his position and felt sorry for his wife, children and himself. Perhaps he would have been better able to hide his sins from his wife if he had expected that this news would have such an effect on her. Clearly, he never thought about this question, but vaguely it seemed to him that his wife had long guessed that he was not faithful to her, and turned a blind eye to this. It even seemed to him that she, an emaciated, aged, already ugly woman and nothing remarkable, a simple, only kind mother of the family, should, by a sense of justice, be indulgent. It turned out to be quite the opposite.

“Ah, terrible! Ah ah ah! terrible! Stepan Arkadyevitch kept repeating to himself, and could think of nothing. - And how good it all was before that, how well we lived! She was pleased, sympathetic with the children, I did not interfere with her in anything, I left her to mess around with the children, with the household, as she wanted. True, it is not good that she was a governess in our house. Not good! There is something trivial, vulgar in wooing one's governess. But what a governess! (He vividly remembered mlle Roland's black picaresque eyes and her smile.) But while she was in our house, I did not allow myself anything. And the worst thing is that she already ... Wow, it's all on purpose! Ah ah ah! Ayayay! But what, what to do?

There was no answer, except for that general answer that life gives to all the most complex and insoluble questions. This answer is: - one must live by the needs of the day, that is, forget oneself. It is no longer possible to forget yourself in a dream, at least until night, it is no longer possible to return to the music that the female decanters sang; therefore, it is necessary to forget the dream of life.

“You’ll see there,” Stepan Arkadyevitch said to himself, and, getting up, put on a gray dressing gown with a blue silk lining, threw his wrists in a knot, and, taking in plenty of air into his wide chest box, with the habitual brisk step of turned out legs, which so easily carried his full body, approached to the window, lifted the curtain and rang loudly. An old friend, the valet Matvey, immediately entered at the ring, carrying a dress, boots and a telegram. Following Matvey, the barber came in with supplies for shaving.

Lev Nikolaevich
Tolstoy
Full composition of writings. Volume 18. Anna Karenina.

State publishing house

"Fiction"

Moscow - Leningrad 1934

The electronic edition was carried out as part of the crowdsourcing project "All Tolstoy in One Click"

Prepared on the basis of an electronic copy of the 18th volume of the Complete Works of L.N. Tolstoy, provided by the Russian State Library

Electronic edition of the 90-volume collected works of L.N. Tolstoy is available on the portal www.tolstoy.ru

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Preface to the electronic edition

This publication is an electronic version of the 90-volume collected works of Leo Tolstoy, published in 1928-1958. This unique academic publication, the most complete collection of Leo Tolstoy's legacy, has long become a bibliographic rarity. In 2006, the Yasnaya Polyana Estate Museum, in cooperation with the Russian state library and with the support of the E. Mellon Foundation and coordination The British Council carried out the scanning of all 90 volumes of the publication. However, in order to enjoy all the advantages of the electronic version (reading on modern devices, the ability to work with text), more than 46,000 pages had to be recognized. For this, the State Museum of L.N. Tolstoy, Yasnaya Polyana museum-estate, together with a partner, ABBYY, opened the project "The whole of Tolstoy in one click." More than 3,000 volunteers joined the project on readingtolstoy.ru, and they used ABBYY FineReader to recognize text and correct errors. Literally in ten days, the first stage of reconciliation was completed, and in two months, the second. After the third stage of proofreading volumes and individual works published in electronic form on the site tolstoy.ru.

The edition retains the spelling and punctuation of the printed version of the 90-volume collected works of L.N. Tolstoy.

Project manager "All Tolstoy in one click"

Fekla Tolstaya

Reprinting is permitted free of charge..

Reproduction libre pour tous les pays.

ANNA KARENINA

EDITORS:

P. N. SAKULIN

N. K. GUDZIY

PREFACE TO THE EIGHTEENTH AND NINETEENTH VOLUME.

The eighteenth and nineteenth volumes of this edition contain the final text of Anna Karenina. The principles of editing this text are dictated by the following factual data of its history. The printing of "Anna Karenina" as a separate book, begun by Tolstoy in 1874, was suspended by him on the fifth sheet and then transferred to the journal "Russian Messenger", on the pages of which in 1875-1877. the first seven parts of the novel appeared. The eighth part was published in 1877 as a separate book. In the summer of 1877, when Anna Karenina was being prepared for a separate edition, Tolstoy, with the assistance of N. N. Strakhov, re-corrected and partially revised the entire text of the novel in copies of the Russian Messenger and a specially printed eighth part. Both of these copies (now stored in one binding in the Public Library of the RSFSR named after Saltykov-Shchedrin in Leningrad) served as the original for the typesetting of the edition, published in 1878 in Moscow, in three volumes, and printed under the supervision of Strakhov. All subsequent lifetime editions of Anna Karenina are a mechanical repetition of the text of the 1878 edition, except for the elimination of typographical errors.

As is clear from Strakhov's correspondence with Tolstoy at the time this edition was being printed, it was Strakhov, not Tolstoy, who kept the proofs. There is no doubt that only in two cases - in the episodes of Levin's wedding and the death of Karenina - Tolstoy, in the process of printing the novel as a separate edition, took a personal part in the additional corrections communicated by him to Strakhov and preserved in the specified typesetting text of the Leningrad Public Library.

But, correcting the text of the novel at the request of Tolstoy, Strakhov did not confine himself solely to technical editing, but sometimes made corrections of a stylistic and grammatical nature. In several cases, in the 1878 edition, in comparison with its typesetting text, there were even omissions individual words and phrases. However, these omissions, as well as some grammatical variants of the said edition, can to a certain extent be explained by the extreme malfunction of its proofreading, for which Strakhov himself blamed himself in letters to Tolstoy.

In view of all these circumstances, the text of this edition is based on the text of the Russian Messenger and a separate edition of the eighth part, corrected jointly by Tolstoy and Strakhov. Strakhov's corrections at this stage of processing the novel for publication are accepted in full, since they were previously brought to the attention of the author; corrections made independently by Strakhov in the 1878 edition are, as a rule, rejected. Exceptions are made for a part of the text of more than two pages, corresponding to one sheet lost in the typesetting copy, and for several insurance conjectures, justified by the incompleteness in the few cases of the author's editorial revision in the copy from which the 1878 edition was typed, or their coincidence with testimony of handwritten material relating to "Anna Karenina", which is fully involved in order to ensure the greatest criticality of the final text of the novel.

An exhaustive list of these conjectures, as well as all conjectures in general, allowed by the editors in the text of the novel, is given in the textual commentary published in the nineteenth volume of this edition and arguing in more detail the principles of editing Anna Karenina. All versions of the 1878 edition are also registered there.

Following the text of the novel, variants of its text are printed in the stage of its printing in the Russky Vestnik and in a separate edition of the eighth part. Draft editions and versions of Anna Karenina, versions of its pre-journal text, the history of its writing and printing, and a description of the manuscripts and proofs relating to it constitute the contents of the twentieth volume of this edition.

Editing in this edition of Anna Karenina was initially entrusted to P. N. Sakulin, who did a large share of the preliminary work on preparing the first five parts of the novel for publication. The death of P. N. Sakulin interrupted his work. The continuation and completion of this work is entrusted by the editorial committee of the publication to the undersigned.

The closest collaborator of P. N. Sakulin, as well as his successor in editing the novel, was V. P. Goncharov, who did the complex preparatory work to study and describe the printed and handwritten texts of Anna Karenina.

N.K. Piksanov took an active part in the discussion of textological problems associated with the printing of the final text of the novel, on behalf of the editorial committee, immediately after the death of P.N. studies, who refused to continue it as an editor.

V. S. Mishin assisted the editor in compiling the index of proper names.

N. Gudziy.

EDITORIAL NOTES.

The texts of works published during the life of L. Tolstoy are printed according to the new spelling, but with the reproduction of capital letters in all those cases where they are used by Tolstoy, and the styles of pre-Grotovskaya orthography in cases where these styles reflect the pronunciation of L. Tolstoy and persons his circle.

The punctuation of Tolstoy's lifetime publications of texts, as in most cases reflecting the tradition not of the author, but of the printing house or proofreader, is not maintained.

Translations of foreign words and expressions belonging to the editor are printed in square brackets.

L. N. TOLSTOY IN 1873

Portrait by I. N. Kramskoy. Oil

(State Tretyakov Gallery)

Reduced 10 times

ANNA KARENINA
novel in eight parts (1873-1877)
parts one to four

Vengeance is mine, and Az will repay.

PART ONE.

I.

All happy families are alike; each unhappy family is unhappy in its own way.

Everything was mixed up in the Oblonskys' house. The wife found out that her husband was in connection with a French governess who was in their house, and announced to her husband that she could not live with him in the same house. This situation continued for the third day and was painfully felt by the spouses themselves, and by all members of the family, and households. All members of the family and members of the household felt that there was no point in their cohabitation and that at every inn people who happened to meet were more connected with each other than they, the members of the Oblonsky family and household. The wife did not leave her rooms, the husband was not at home for the third day. The children ran all over the house like they were lost; The Englishwoman quarreled with the housekeeper and wrote a note to a friend asking her to find a new place; the cook left the yard yesterday, during dinner; the black cook and the coachman asked for a calculation.

On the third day after the quarrel, Prince Stepan Arkadevich Oblonsky - Stiva, as he was called in the world - at the usual hour, that is, at 8 o'clock in the morning, woke up not in his wife's bedroom, but in his office, on a morocco sofa. He turned his full, well-groomed body on the sofa springs, as if wishing to fall asleep again for a long time, on the other hand tightly hugged the pillow and pressed his cheek against it; but suddenly he jumped up, sat down on the sofa and opened his eyes.

“Yes, yes, how was it? he thought, remembering the dream. – Yes, how was it? Yes! Alabin gave dinner in Darmstadt; no, not in Darmstadt, but something American. Yes, but there Darmstadt was in America. Yes, Alabin gave dinner on glass tables, yes, and the tables sang: Il mio tesoro, and not Il mio tesoro, but something better, and some small decanters, and they are women, ”he recalled.

Stepan Arkadyevitch's eyes sparkled merrily, and he thought, smiling. “Yes, it was good, very good. There was a lot more excellent there, but you can’t say it in words and thoughts, you can’t even express it in reality. ” And, noticing a streak of light that broke through from the side of one of the cloth curtains, he cheerfully threw his legs off the sofa, found with them the shoes embroidered by his wife (a birthday present last year), trimmed in golden morocco, and, according to an old, nine-year-old habit, without getting up, reached out his hand to the place where he had a bathrobe hanging in the bedroom. And then he suddenly remembered how and why he was sleeping not in his wife's bedroom, but in the study; the smile vanished from his face, he wrinkled his brow.

"Ah, ah, ah! Ah!…” he mumbled, remembering everything that had happened. And again all the details of the quarrel with his wife presented themselves to his imagination, all the hopelessness of his situation and, most painful of all, his own guilt.

"Yes! She will not forgive and cannot forgive. And the worst thing of all is that I am to blame for everything - I am to blame, and not to blame. That's the drama, he thought. “Ah, ah, ah!” he said in despair, recalling the most difficult impressions for himself from this quarrel.

She, that ever preoccupied, and troublesome, and narrow-minded, as he considered her, Dolly, sat motionless with a note in her hand and looked at him with an expression of horror, despair and anger.

- What is it? this is? she asked, pointing to the note.

And at this recollection, as often happens, Stepan Arkadyevitch was tormented not so much by the event itself as by the way he answered these words of his wife.

What happened to him at that moment is what happens to people when they are suddenly caught in something too shameful. He failed to prepare his face for the position he was in before his wife after the discovery of his guilt. Instead of being offended, denying, making excuses, asking for forgiveness, even remaining indifferent - everything would be better than what he did! Quite involuntarily, his face ("reflexes of the brain," thought Stepan Arkadyevitch, who loved physiology), quite involuntarily, suddenly smiled his habitual, kind, and therefore stupid smile.

"That stupid smile is to blame for everything," thought Stepan Arkadyevitch.

“But what to do? what to do?" he said to himself in despair, and found no answer.

II.

“Ah, terrible! Ah ah ah! terrible! Stepan Arkadyevitch kept repeating to himself, and could think of nothing. - And how good it all was before that, how well we lived! She was pleased, happy with the children, I did not interfere with her in anything, I left her to mess with the children, with the household, as she wanted. True, it's not good she is She was a governess in our house. Not good! There is something trivial, vulgar in courting one's governess. But what a governess! (He vividly recalled Mlle Roland's black picaresque eyes and her smile.) But while she was in our house, I did not allow myself anything. And the worst thing is that she's already... Wow, it's all on purpose! Ah ah ah! But what, what to do?

There was no answer, except for that general answer that life gives to all the most complex and insoluble questions. This answer is: one must live by the needs of the day, that is, forget oneself. It is no longer possible to forget yourself in a dream, at least until night, it is no longer possible to return to the music that the female decanters sang; therefore, it is necessary to forget the dream of life.

"We'll see there," Stepan Arkadyevitch said to himself, and, getting up, put on a gray dressing-gown lined with blue silk, threw his wrists in a knot, and, taking in plenty of air into his wide chest box, with the accustomed brisk stride of his outstretched legs, which carried his full body so lightly, approached to the window, lifted the curtain and rang loudly. An old friend, the valet Matvey, immediately entered at the ring, carrying a dress, boots and a telegram. Following Matvey, the barber came in with supplies for shaving.

- From the presence there are papers? asked Stepan Arkadyevitch, taking the telegram and sitting down before the mirror.

“On the table,” Matvey answered, looked inquiringly, with concern, at the master, and after waiting a little, he added with a sly smile: “They came from the owner of the cab.”

Stepan Arkadyevitch made no answer, and only glanced at Matvey in the mirror; in the look with which they met in the mirror, it was evident how they understood each other. Stepan Arkadyevitch's look seemed to ask: "Why are you talking about this? Do not you know?"

Matvey put his hands in the pockets of his jacket, put his foot aside, and silently, good-naturedly, smiling a little, looked at his master.

“I ordered to come that Sunday, and until then, so that you and yourself should not be disturbed in vain,” he said, apparently prepared phrase.

Stepan Arkadyevitch understood that Matvey wanted to joke and draw attention to himself. Tearing up the telegram, he read it, guessing correcting the words, as usual, distorted, and his face lit up.

“Matvey, sister Anna Arkadyevna will be here tomorrow,” he said, stopping for a moment the glossy, plump hand of the barber, who was clearing a pink path between his long, curly sideburns.

“Glory to God,” said Matvey, by this answer showing that he understands, just like the master, the significance of this visit, that is, that Anna Arkadyevna, Stepan Arkadyich’s beloved sister, can contribute to the reconciliation of husband and wife.

Alone or with your spouse? Matthew asked.

Stepan Arkadyevitch could not speak, for the barber was busy with his upper lip, and raised one finger. Matthew nodded his head in the mirror.

- Alone. Cook upstairs?

- Report to Darya Alexandrovna where they are ordered.

- Darya Alexandrovna? Matthew repeated, as if doubtfully.

- Yes, report back. And now take the telegram, tell them what they say.

"You want to try," Matvey realized, but he only said: "I'm listening, sir."

Stepan Arkadyevitch had already been washed and combed and was getting ready to dress when Matvey, walking slowly in creaking boots, with a telegram in his hand, returned to the room. The barber was gone.

- Darya Alexandrovna was ordered to report that they were leaving. Let them do as they please, that is, you like it,” he said, laughing only with his eyes, and, putting his hands in his pockets and tilting his head to one side, stared at the master.

Stepan Arkadyevitch was silent for a moment. Then a kind and somewhat pathetic smile appeared on his handsome face.

- BUT? Matvey? he said, shaking his head.

“Nothing, sir, it will form,” said Matvey.

- Formed?

- That's right, sir.

- You think? Who is it there? asked Stepan Arkadyevitch, hearing the noise of a woman's dress outside the door.

"It's me, sir," said the firm and pleasant female voice, and from behind the door leaned out a stern pockmarked face Matryona Filimonovna, nannies.

- Well, Matryosha? asked Stepan Arkadyevitch, going out the door to her.

In spite of the fact that Stepan Arkadyevitch was all around to blame before his wife and felt it himself, almost everyone in the house, even the nanny, Darya Alexandrovna's chief friend, was on his side.

- Well? he said dejectedly.

- You go, sir, confess again. Perhaps God will give. They suffer a lot, and look at pity, and everything in the house went to hell. Children, sir, should be pitied. Confess, sir. What to do! Love to ride...

“Yeah, he won’t accept…

- And you do yours. God is merciful, pray to God, sir, pray to God.

"Very well, go on," said Stepan Arkadyevitch, suddenly blushing. “Well, let’s get dressed,” he turned to Matvey and decisively threw off his dressing gown.

Matvey was already holding, blowing off something invisible, the ready-made shirt with a yoke and with obvious pleasure dressed the well-groomed body of the master in it.

III.

After dressing, Stepan Arkadyevitch sprinkled himself with perfume, straightened his shirt sleeves, with a habitual movement stuffed cigarettes, a wallet, matches, a watch with a double chain and charms into his pockets, and, shaking his handkerchief, feeling clean, fragrant, healthy and physically cheerful, despite his misfortune. , went out, trembling slightly on each leg, into the dining room, where coffee was already waiting for him and, next to the coffee, letters and papers from the presence.

He read the letters. One was very unpleasant - from a merchant who bought timber from his wife's estate. This forest had to be sold; but now, until reconciliation with his wife, there could be no question of that. The most unpleasant thing here was that this mixed a pecuniary interest into the forthcoming business of reconciliation with his wife. And the thought that he could be guided by this interest, that he would seek reconciliation with his wife in order to sell this forest - this thought offended him.

When he had finished the letters, Stepan Arkadyevitch drew the papers closer to him from the presence, quickly leafed through two cases, made a few marks with a large pencil, and, pushing the cases aside, took up coffee; over coffee he unfolded the still damp morning paper and began to read it.

Stepan Arkadyevitch received and read a liberal newspaper, not an extreme one, but of the direction which the majority adhered to. And, despite the fact that neither science, nor art, nor politics really interested him, he firmly held to those views on all these subjects that the majority and his newspaper held, and changed them only when the majority changed them, or, better say, did not change them, but they themselves imperceptibly changed in him.

Stepan Arkadyevitch chose neither direction nor views, but these directions and views came to him of their own accord, just as he did not choose the shape of a hat or coat, but took those that were worn. And for him, who lived in a certain society, to have views, with the need for some activity of thought, which usually develops in the summer of maturity, was as necessary as to have a hat. If there was a reason why he preferred the liberal trend to the conservative one, as many of his circle also held, it was not because he found the liberal trend more reasonable, but because it came closer to his way of life. The Liberal Party said that everything was bad in Russia, and indeed, Stepan Arkadyevich had a lot of debts, but he was definitely short of money. The liberal party said that marriage was an obsolete institution and that it was necessary to rebuild it, and indeed, family life gave little pleasure to Stepan Arkadyevitch and forced him to lie and pretend, which was so contrary to his nature. The liberal party said or, better, implied that religion is only a bridle for the barbarian part of the population, and indeed, Stepan Arkadyevich could not endure even a short prayer service without pain in his legs and could not understand what all these terrible and pompous words about the other world were for. when it would be a lot of fun to live on this too. At the same time, Stepan Arkadyich, who loved a funny joke, was sometimes pleased to puzzle a peaceful person with the fact that if you are already proud of the breed, then you should not stop at Rurik and renounce the first ancestor - the monkey. And so the liberal trend became a habit of Stepan Arkadyevitch, and he loved his paper like a cigar after dinner, for the slight mist it produced in his head. He read the guiding article, which explained that in our time it is completely in vain to raise the cry that radicalism threatens to swallow up all conservative elements and that the government is obliged to take measures to suppress the revolutionary hydra, which, on the contrary, “in our opinion, is a danger lies not in an imaginary revolutionary hydra, but in the stubbornness of traditionalism, which hinders progress, ”etc. With his characteristic quickness of thought, he understood the significance of any hairpin: from whom and to whom and on what occasion it was directed, and this, as always, gave him some pleasure. But today this pleasure was poisoned by the recollection of Matryona Filimonovna's advice and the fact that the house was so unsatisfactory. He also read about the fact that Count Beist, as is heard, had traveled to Wiesbaden, and that there were no more gray hairs, and about the sale of a light carriage, and the offer of a young lady; but this information did not give him, as before, quiet, ironic pleasure.

When he had finished the newspaper, the second cup of coffee, and the loaf of butter, he got up, brushed the crumbs of the loaf from his waistcoat, and, spreading his broad chest, smiled joyfully, not because he had anything especially pleasant in his soul, but good digestion caused a joyful smile.

But that joyful smile immediately reminded him of everything, and he fell into thought.

“I said that you can’t put passengers on the roof,” the girl shouted in English, “here, pick it up!”

"Everything is mixed up," thought Stepan Arkadyevitch, "there are only children running around." And going to the door, he called them. They dropped the box that represented the train and went in to their father.

The girl, her father's favorite, ran boldly in, hugged him and hung on his neck laughing, as always, rejoicing at the familiar smell of perfume spreading from his sideburns. Having finally kissed him on his face, reddened from the bowed position and shining with tenderness, the girl parted her hands and wanted to run back; but her father kept her.

- What mom? he asked, running his hand over his daughter's smooth, tender neck. “Hello,” he said, smiling at the greeting boy.

He realized that he loved the boy less, and always tried to be equal; but the boy felt it and did not smile back at his father's cold smile.

- Mother? I got up, the girl answered.

Stepan Arkadyevitch sighed. "So, again, did not sleep all night," he thought.

What, is she happy?

The girl knew that there was a quarrel between father and mother, and that mother could not be cheerful, and that father must know this, and that he was pretending to ask about it so easily. And she blushed for her father. He immediately understood this and also blushed.

“I don't know,” she said. “She didn’t tell me to study, but she told me to go for a walk with Miss Ghoul to her grandmother.

- Well, go, my Tanchurochka. Oh, yes, wait, - he said, still holding her and stroking her tender hand.

He took a box of chocolates from the fireplace where he had placed it yesterday and gave her two, choosing her favorites, chocolate and fondant.

- Grisha? - said the girl, pointing to the chocolate.

- Yes Yes. And once again stroking her shoulder, he kissed her roots of hair and neck and let her go.

“The carriage is ready,” said Matthew. “Yes, a petitioner,” he added.

- A long time here? asked Stepan Arkadyevitch.

- Half an hour.

“How many times have you been ordered to report right now!”

“We must give you at least some coffee to eat,” said Matvey in that friendly, rude tone, at which one could not be angry.

“Well, ask quickly,” said Oblonsky, grimacing with annoyance.

The petitioner, staff captain Kalinina, asked for the impossible and the stupid; but Stepan Arkadyevitch, as was his custom, made her sit down, attentively, without interrupting, listened to her and gave her detailed advice as to whom and how to turn, and even briskly and fluently, in his large, stretched, beautiful and clear handwriting, wrote her a note to her face, which could help her. Dismissing the staff captain, Stepan Arkadyevitch took his hat and stopped, remembering if he had forgotten something. It turned out that he had not forgotten anything, except for what he wanted to forget - his wife.

"Oh yes!" He lowered his head, and his handsome face took on a wistful expression. "To go or not to go?" he said to himself. And an inner voice told him that there was no need to go around, that there could be nothing but falsehood, that it was impossible to mend, repair their relationship, because it was impossible to make her attractive again and arouse love, or to make him an old man, unable to love. Except for falsehood and lies, nothing could come out now; and falsehood and falsehood were contrary to his nature.

“However, someday it is necessary; after all, it can’t stay like this,” he said, trying to give himself courage. He straightened his chest, took out a cigarette, lit a cigarette, puffed twice, threw it into the mother-of-pearl ashtray, walked quickly through the gloomy living room and opened another door into his wife's bedroom.

Moscow, 1914. Publication of the Association of I. D. Sytin. Superbly illustrated edition with black-and-white drawings in the text and color reproductions on separate sheets. Professional brand new leather binding. The safety is good. This edition was the first and only illustrated edition of Anna Karenina published before 1917. In 1913, it was the publishing house of I. D. Sytin who first received the right to publish the complete works of the great Russian writer L. N. Tolstoy. The publication contains many black-and-white and color illustrations in the text and on separate sheets. Most of the drawings from the series of illustrations for this publication were made by three artists: Alexander Viktorovich Moravov, Alexei Mikhailovich Korin and Mikhail Mikhailovich Shcheglov. main role M. M. Shcheglov played in the design of the publication. It was he who in 1910 received an order from the book publisher I. D. Sytin for the artistic design of the novel by L. N. Tolstoy. M. Shcheglov...

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Artem Olegovich

"Anna Karenina" - plot

The novel begins with two phrases that have long since become textbooks: “All happy families are alike, each unhappy family is unhappy in its own way. Everything was mixed up in the Oblonskys' house.

The sister of Stiva Oblonsky, a noble St. Petersburg lady Anna Karenina, comes to Moscow to visit the Oblonskys. Stiva meets Anna at the station, the young officer meets his mother, Countess Vronskaya. At the entrance to the car, he lets the lady go forward, and a premonition makes them look at each other again, their eyes already shone against their will. It seemed that they had known each other before ... At that moment, a misfortune happened: the car leaned back and crushed the watchman to death. Anna took this tragic incident as a bad omen. Anna goes to Steve's house and fulfills her mission for which she came - to reconcile him with his wife Dolly.

The lovely Kitty Shcherbatskaya is full of happiness as she looks forward to meeting Vronsky at the ball. Anna, contrary to her expectations, was in black, not purple. Kitty notices a flickering gleam in the eyes of Anna and Vronsky and realizes that the world has ceased to exist for them. Having turned down Levin on the eve of the upcoming ball, Kitty was depressed and soon fell ill.

Anna leaves for Petersburg, Vronsky rushes after him. In Petersburg, he follows her like a shadow, looking for a meeting, he is not at all embarrassed by her marriage and her eight-year-old son; because in the eyes of secular people, the role of an unfortunate lover is ridiculous, but the relationship with a respectable woman whose husband occupies such a respectable position seemed majestic and victorious. Their love could not be hidden, but they were not lovers, but the light was already discussing the lady with the shadow with might and main, looking forward to the continuation of the novel. An uneasy feeling prevented Karenin from concentrating on an important state project, and he was offended by that impression, which is so important for the significance of public opinion. Anna, on the other hand, continued to go out into the world and for almost a year met with Vronsky at the Princess of Tverskaya. Vronsky's only desire and the charming dream of Anna's happiness merged in the feeling that for them the new life they became lovers and nothing will ever be the same again. Very soon everyone in St. Petersburg became aware of this, including Anna's husband. The current situation was painfully difficult for all three, but none of them could find a way out of it. Anna informs Vronsky that she is pregnant. Vronsky asks her to leave her husband and is ready to sacrifice his military career. But his mother, who at first was very sympathetic to Anna, does not like this state of affairs at all. Anna falls into despair, falls into puerperal fever after childbirth and almost dies. Her lawful husband, Alexei Karenin, who was firmly planning to divorce her before Anna's illness, seeing her suffering during her illness, unexpectedly forgives both Anna and Vronsky. Karenin allows her to continue to live in his house, under the protection of his good name, so as not to destroy the family and not shame the children. The forgiveness scene is one of the most important in the novel. But Anna cannot stand the oppression of generosity shown by Karenin, and taking her newborn daughter with her, she leaves for Europe with Vronsky, leaving her beloved son in the care of her husband.

For some time, Anna and Vronsky travel around Europe, but soon they realize that they actually have nothing to do. Out of boredom, Vronsky even begins to indulge in painting, but soon gives up this empty occupation, and he and Anna decide to return to St. Petersburg. In St. Petersburg, Anna realizes that she is now an outcast for high society, she is not invited to any of the decent houses, and no one, except for her two closest friends, visits her. Meanwhile, Vronsky is accepted everywhere, and he is always welcome. This situation is increasingly unraveling the unstable nervous system Anna, who does not see her son. On Seryozha's birthday, secretly, early in the morning, Anna sneaks into her old house, goes into the boy's bedroom and wakes him up. The boy is happy to tears, Anna is also crying with joy, the child hastily tries to tell his mother something and ask her about something, but then a servant comes running and frightenedly reports that Karenin will now go into his son’s room. The boy himself understands that it is impossible for his mother and father to meet and that his mother will now leave him forever, crying, he rushes to Anna and begs her not to leave. Karenin enters at the door, and Anna, in tears, overwhelmed by a feeling of envy for her husband, runs out of the house. Her son never saw her again.

Mikhail Vrubel. Anna Karenina's date with her son. 1878

A crack opens in Anna's relationship with Vronsky, pulling them further and further apart. Anna insists on visiting the Italian opera, where all the great light of St. Petersburg gathers that evening. The entire audience in the theater literally points their fingers at Anna, and the woman from the next box throws insults at Anna in the face. Realizing that they have nothing to do in St. Petersburg, they move away from the vulgar world to the estate, which Vronsky turned into a secluded paradise for the two of them and Anya's daughter. Vronsky is trying to make the estate profitable, introducing various new methods of farming and doing charity work - he is building a new hospital on the estate. Anna tries to help him in everything.

In parallel with the story of Anna, the story of Konstantin Levin unfolds, Tolstoy endows him with the best human qualities and doubts, trusts him with his innermost thoughts. Levin is a rather rich man, he also has a vast estate, in which he manages all the affairs himself. What for Vronsky is fun and a way to kill time, for Levin is the meaning of existence for himself and all his ancestors. Levin, at the beginning of the novel, is wooing Kitty Shcherbatskaya. At that time, Vronsky courted Kitty for fun. Kitty, however, became seriously interested in Vronsky and refused Levin. After Vronsky followed Anna to Petersburg, Kitty even fell ill from grief and humiliation, but after a trip abroad she recovered and agreed to marry Levin. Scenes of matchmaking, weddings, family life of the Levins are permeated with a bright feeling, the author makes it clear that this is how family life should be built.

Meanwhile, the situation in the estate is heating up. Vronsky travels to business meetings and social events, at which Anna cannot accompany him, but he is attracted to his former, free life. Anna senses this, but mistakenly assumes that Vronsky is attracted to other women. She constantly arranges scenes of jealousy for Vronsky, which test his patience more and more. To resolve the situation with the divorce process, they move to Moscow. But, despite the persuasion of Stiva Oblonsky, Karenin reverses his decision and leaves his son, whom he no longer loves, because his disgust for Anna as a "contemptible stumbled wife" is associated with him. The six-month wait for this decision in Moscow turned Anna's nerves into taut strings. She constantly broke down and quarreled with Vronsky, who spent more and more time outside the house. In Moscow, Anna meets Levin, who realizes that this woman can no longer be called otherwise than lost.

In the month of May, Anna insists on an early departure to the village, but Vronsky says that he has been invited to his mother for important business matters. Anna, however, comes up with the idea that Vronsky's mother has planned to marry Vronsky to Princess Sorokina. Vronsky fails to prove to Anna the absurdity of this idea, and he, unable to constantly quarrel with Anna, goes to his mother's estate. Anna, realizing in an instant how hard, hopeless and meaningless her life is, wanting reconciliation, rushes after Vronsky to the station. The platform, the smoke, the horns, the knocking and the people, all merged into a terrible nightmare of a welter of associations: Anna recalls her first meeting with Vronsky, and how on that distant day a lineman was run over by a train and was crushed to death. Anna comes up with the idea that there is a very simple way out of her situation, which will help her wash away the shame and untie everyone's hands. And at the same time it will be a great way to take revenge on Vronsky. Anna throws herself under the train. Anna chose death as a deliverance, it was the only way out that she, exhausted by herself and exhausting everyone, found.

Two months have passed. Life is not what it used to be, but it goes on. Station again. Stiva meets the doomed Vronsky on the platform, and the train leaves for the front. Heartbroken, Vronsky volunteered for the war to lay down his life there. Karenin took Anna's daughter to him and raised her as his own, along with his son. Levin and Kitty have their first child. Levin finds peace and meaning in life in kindness and purity of thought. This is where the novel ends.

Reviews

Reviews of the book "Anna Karenina"

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Julia Olegina

If good has a cause, it is no longer good; if it has a consequence - a reward, it is also not good. Therefore, goodness is outside the chain of causes and effects.

This book is the greatest book of mankind. About family and kindness. You can talk about her, condemn or support the main character endlessly. But all disputes and reasoning will never lead to a consensus. So, I'll give my opinion.

Anna Karenina - a woman from high society who never loved her husband and now has met her true love. To many, she may seem pathetic and unhappy, but I believe that every woman should be faithful to the man she married. You say that she was forcibly given away and she never loved anyone, and that every woman has the right to love. And I don't agree with you. Even in those days, a girl could refuse a marriage proposal, her parents could not force her. Take the same Natasha Rostova. She, for example, refused to marry Denisov. And if the girl is married, then she is OBLIGED to be faithful to her husband. This is a perfect example - Pushkin's Tatyana. But back to our novel. I still consider Anna a fallen and immoral woman.

Nothing to say about Vronsky. A man without strength, without will, without desire, without hardening, without determination. No person.

Konstantin Levin. My favorite character. Here in whom we see the salvation of the soul, healing, true love, suffering, life breaks, in general, all the emotions and events that should happen in the life of every person. And even though he is an unbeliever, there is still some higher power for him that keeps and protects him.

Kitty Shcherbatskaya. In this hero, we see the maturation of personality. When she is young, she wants to marry Vronsky, handsome and stately, without even knowing what he looks like and never talking to him. During the novel, family values still come to the fore for her, and she understands that she can find true happiness and love only with Levin. A wonderful example of what a young girl should be, and then a woman, and a loving wife, and mother.

These are the characters that I would like to talk a little about. The rest were of little importance to me, except perhaps for Stiva and Dolly. In general, the novel turned out to be a family one. Different stories, different endings, but the lesson is the same for everyone: love those who are close to you, and then you will be loved too!

11 out of 10. One of the best works of mankind!

Useful review?

Leo Tolstoy's novel "Anna Karenina" is a classic of Russian literature and one of the most famous works of the writer. The writer himself said that this is a novel about modernity, that is, about the time in which he himself lived - the second half of the 19th century, the period after the abolition of serfdom. And this work very clearly shows the disorder of the state, the unusual absence of serfs for society, the unpreparedness of many for this and the rejection of change.

This book can be called a book about the deep and contradictory human soul. On the one hand, she wants to remain bright, clean and honest, on the other hand, she always strives for happiness. And it happens quite often that the first conflicts with the second.

This is a novel about love, here it appears as something due to which some families are created, while others are destroyed. Sometimes you have to make difficult choices on the path to happiness, but whether it will be happiness, no one can say with certainty. That is why there are so many tragedies in love. The main character of this novel, who left her husband and son for the sake of a loved one, sacrificed everything, but still feels aching melancholy in her soul and hopelessness, confirms this fact.

The novel deals with the issue of faith. There are those who constantly talk about God, about the importance of faith, and there are those who deny his existence. Although sometimes only towards the end of your life you begin to realize how often God helped you overcome obstacles and not give up in the face of difficulties.

The writer also speaks about public opinion, the traditions of that time. Anna Karenina was condemned by everyone, and, perhaps, the influence of other people and the norms of society affected her fate. It seems that in modern world she would be more likely to be happy. Such an abundance of issues raised, the depth of the topics under consideration and make this work an outstanding and mandatory reading.

On our website you can download the book "Anna Karenina" by Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy for free and without registration in epub, fb2, pdf, txt format, read the book online or buy the book in the online store.