Ilyin Leonid Andreevich (5). Lev Ilyin An excerpt characterizing Ilyin, Lev Alexandrovich

Lev Ilyin

In the glorious galaxy of names that adorn the stone chronicle of St. Petersburg, the name of the architect and artist, architectural historian and teacher, the first chief architect of Leningrad, Lev Aleksandrovich Ilyin. His creative way lasted for about 40 years. L.A. Ilyin was born in 1880 in Tambov, into an intelligent family. An artistically gifted father instilled in him a love of art. The main school for the future architect was the Institute of Civil Engineers, where he studied from 1897 to 1902 and with which he was associated for many years.

At first creative activity L.A. Ilyin collaborated with the architect A.F. Bubyr. Not all of their plans were implemented, however, L.A. Ilyin gained extensive experience in design and construction practice. The best of the joint buildings is the school at the Church of St. Anna (now Kirochnaya Street, 8), built in 1906 next to a residential building overlooking Furshtatskaya Street, 9, also built according to the project of A.F. Bubyr and L.A. Ilyin.

L.A. Ilyin

School on Kirochnaya street

In 1908 on Kamenny Island and in New Village many architectural and engineering structures of the international construction and art exhibition appeared, at which both Russian architects and builders showed your skills. Among the buildings were 2 pavilions built by L.A. Ilyin. These are the pavilion of the Bodo-Egesdorf company built of reinforced concrete and the pavilion of the products of the factory of the heirs of Count Shuvalov - in the style of the Petrine era.

Exchange Square

Ilyin studied the ancient bridges of St. Petersburg well and devoted one of his reports to them. This gave him the opportunity to complete a number of bridge projects that organically entered the historical center of the city. L.A. Ilyin expanded green bridge through the Moika along Nevsky Prospect, decorated it with ornaments and floor lamps (1904–1907). In 1907–1908, he rebuilt the Sadovy Bridge across the Moika, replacing the vault with metal trusses. In the 1910s, L.A. Ilyin together with A.I. Zazersky is implementing the Panteleymonovsky bridge project. In the projects of bridges, the architect successfully used the motifs of the bridges of the first third of the 19th century. He won the competition for the project of the city hospital named after Peter the Great (named after Mechnikov, Piskarevsky pr., 47), in which the largest architects of the city participated. The competition has become a notable event in the cultural life of the capital. Publications about him occupied a large place on the pages of the magazine "Architect". Success L.A. Ilyin was preceded by a trip to Western Europe, where he thoroughly studied the state of hospital construction. In Holland, the architect saw architectural monuments that influenced the early architecture of our city - "Peter's Baroque".

After the revolution, L.A. Ilyin pays special attention to issues of urban planning. He was the first director of the City History Museum (1918–1935).

In 1924 L.A. Ilyin developed a project for the public center of the Narva region, conceived as two squares connected by a street (Stachek Square and the square in front of the Kirovsky District Council). The proposals of the architect were the basis for further development of the project. In 1925-1938, Ilyin worked as the chief architect of Leningrad and created the draft of the first general plan of the city in Soviet time. He designed in a regular style the square in front of the Exchange and the arrow of Elagin Island, decorated with sculptures of lions. According to the projects of L.A. Ilyin, the reconstruction of the largest city highways was carried out - Bolshoy Prospekt on Vasilyevsky Island(a boulevard was built here) and Lithuanian Avenue (improvement and landscaping).

Rice. L.A. Ilyin. Winter groove. 1942

The Leningrad planning project provided for the development of some streets and avenues of the old city, in particular, the continuation of Marata Street to Klinsky Prospekt. Under his leadership, the general plan of Moscow Square was developed, on the basis of which a new ensemble of Leningrad was created. In 1938–1945, according to the project of L.A. Ilyin and A.M. Arnold, a large residential building No. 79 was erected on Moskovsky Prospekt. 426 apartments are designed in the building.

The building is characterized by a symmetrical composition of the facade, restrained plasticity, and a strict rhythm of openings. Its appearance is enriched by the introduction of color, successfully found proportions of bay windows and a few decorative details. The image of the house, one of the best buildings of pre-war Leningrad, embodied new principles for the development of residential areas (the main square in front of the building). The building is under state protection as an architectural monument.

The activity of L.A. was distinguished by great intensity. Ilyin as an architectural historian, propagandist of Russian architecture. His articles about Russian national architecture, about St. Petersburg-Leningrad are imbued with an understanding of the national character of St. Petersburg architecture, the desire to preserve its historical center and develop rich architectural traditions. Ilyin was one of the organizers and leaders of the Leningrad branch of the Union of Architects of the USSR, a corresponding member of the All-Russian Academy of Architecture, professor, doctor of architecture.

As an urban planner, L.A. Ilyin was not limited to questions of planning and development of Leningrad. He participated in the reconstruction of Yaroslavl, Ivanov, Petrozavodsk, Baku, where he, as main architector city, participated in the development of the master plan. For the Azerbaijani capital L.A. Ilyin completed the planning project for the Upland Park named after S.M. Kirov (1939) and the architectural part of the monument to S.M. Kirov.

And in the days of the heroic defense of the city, the architect continues to work tirelessly. He did not have time to implement much of what he had planned. December 11, 1942 L.A. Ilyin was killed by a fragment of a German shell on the Fontanka embankment. His name will forever remain in the history of Russian architecture.

Urban planner.

Biography

Born in the Tambov province.

In 1890, following the family tradition, he entered the Alexander Cadet Corps in St. Petersburg.

In 1903, to continue his education, he entered the Higher Art School of the Imperial Academy of Arts (workshop of L. N. Benois). He began work in the architectural studio of V. A. Kosyakov, then worked independently. In 1907 he became a member of the Commission for the Study and Description of Old Petersburg at the Society of Architects-Artists.

Since 1903 he began to write and publish articles in specialized journals on architecture.

In March 1908, he created a project for the reconstruction of the Panteleymonovsky bridge across the river. Fontanka. Since that time, the work of L. A. Ilyin has been based on the principle of an ensemble approach to construction in the city center.

In 1912-1913. designed and built his own house, starting from the model of an empire-style Russian estate, on Pesochnaya Embankment.

From December 1918 to 1928 - director of the Museum of the City, located in the Anichkov Palace. Chairman of the Council of the society "Old Petersburg" (established in 1921), on whose initiative the Museum of the Decaying Cult was created in Petrograd in 1923, which ensured the acceptance of valuables from churches closed in the city for storage.

In 1925 he became the chief architect of the city, until 1938 he led the development of the General Plan for the development of the city. At the end of 1930, he was sentenced to 2 years in prison in the case of a train and tram collision on International Avenue. In 1938 he was suspended from work, defamed in the press and at party meetings.

In 1929-1937. lived and worked mainly in Baku.

After the start of the war. in July-November 1941 he remained in the besieged city, worked on the book Walks in Leningrad. He died during the Siege of Leningrad. On December 11, he died on the street during the bombing of Leningrad by German aircraft. He was buried at the Literary bridges of the Volkov cemetery in Leningrad.

Wife - artist, architect, art critic Polina Vladimirovna Kovalskaya (1892 - February 6, 1940).

Leningrad

Hospital of Peter the Great (1907-1916; together with A. I. Klein and A. V. Rosenberg)
Propylaea of the Smolny (1922-1923; competition);
Spit of Yelagin Island (implemented);
House of Soviets (1936; competition);
The city center of Leningrad is the square near the House of Soviets (1939-1940; co-author; competition).
Residential house on Moskovsky prospekt, 79

Other cities. Projects and buildings

Stalinabad - planning (1931-1938; leader; co-authors: Baranov N. V., Gaikovich V. A.)
Yaroslavl - planning (1935-1938; leader; co-authors: Baranov N.V., Gaikovich V.A.; partially implemented)
Baku - planning (1936-1938; leader; co-authors: Baranov N. V., Gaikovich V. A.)
House of Specialists in Baku (1935)
Upland Park in Baku (1936; completed)
Monument to V. I. Lenin in Petrozavodsk (sculptor Manizer M. G.)
Monument to S. M. Kirov in Baku
Monument to S. M. Kirov in Petrozavodsk (sculptor Manizer M. G.)
Building military school Emperor Alexander II in Peterhof (1914). For 2014 is one of the buildings

Articles by L. A. Ilyin in print

USSR architecture
Architecture of Leningrad

Archival sources

State Museum of the History of Leningrad (GMIL, now GMISPb). Manuscript of Gaikovich V.A.

Sources

L. A. Ilyin. Walks in Leningrad. St. Petersburg: State Museum of the History of St. Petersburg. 2012.
Yearbook of the Leningrad Branch of the Union of Soviet Architects. Issue 1-2 (XV-XVI). - Leningrad, 1940. - S. 108-113, 191.
Busyreva E. P., Chekanova O. A. Lev Ilyin // Architects of St. Petersburg. XX century. - St. Petersburg: Lenizdat, 2000. - S. 192-217.
Leningrad House of Soviets. Architectural competitions of the 1930s. St. Petersburg: GMISPb. 2006
Busyreva E. P. Lev Ilyin. - St. Petersburg: GMISPb. - 2008.

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Notes

An excerpt characterizing Ilyin, Lev Alexandrovich

- As a token of obedience, I ask you to undress. - Pierre took off his tailcoat, waistcoat and left boot at the direction of the rhetor. Mason opened the shirt on his left chest, and, bending down, lifted his trouser leg on his left leg above the knee. Pierre hurriedly wanted to take off his right boot and roll up his trousers in order to save a stranger from this labor, but the mason told him that this was not necessary - and gave him a shoe on his left foot. With a childish smile of modesty, doubt and mockery of himself, which appeared on his face against his will, Pierre stood with his hands down and legs apart in front of his brother rhetorician, waiting for his new orders.
“And finally, as a sign of candor, I ask you to reveal to me your main passion,” he said.
- My passion! I had so many of them,” said Pierre.
“That addiction which, more than any other, made you waver in the path of virtue,” said the Mason.
Pierre was silent for a while, looking for.
"Wine? Overeating? Idleness? Laziness? Hotness? Malice? Women?" He went over his vices, mentally weighing them and not knowing which one to give priority to.
“Women,” Pierre said in a low, barely audible voice. The Mason did not move or speak for a long time after this answer. Finally, he moved towards Pierre, took the handkerchief lying on the table and again blindfolded him.
- For the last time I tell you: turn all your attention to yourself, put chains on your feelings and seek bliss not in passions, but in your heart. The source of bliss is not outside, but within us...
Pierre already felt this refreshing source of bliss in himself, now filling his soul with joy and tenderness.

Soon after this, it was no longer the former rhetorician who came to the dark temple for Pierre, but the guarantor Villarsky, whom he recognized by his voice. To new questions about the firmness of his intentions, Pierre answered: “Yes, yes, I agree,” and with a beaming childish smile, with an open, fat chest, unevenly and timidly stepping with one bare and one shod foot, he went forward with Villarsky put to his bare chest with a sword. From the room he was led along the corridors, turning back and forth, and finally led to the doors of the box. Villarsky coughed, they answered him with Masonic knocks of hammers, the door opened before them. Someone's bass voice (Pierre's eyes were all blindfolded) asked him questions about who he was, where, when was he born? etc. Then they again led him somewhere, without untying his eyes, and as he walked, allegories spoke to him about the labors of his journey, about sacred friendship, about the eternal Builder of the world, about the courage with which he must endure labors and dangers . During this journey, Pierre noticed that he was called either seeking, then suffering, then demanding, and at the same time they knocked with hammers and swords in different ways. While he was led to some subject, he noticed that there was confusion and confusion between his leaders. He heard how the surrounding people argued among themselves in a whisper and how one insisted that he be led along some kind of carpet. After that, they took his right hand, put it on something, and with the left they ordered him to put the compass to his left chest, and forced him, repeating the words that the other had read, to read the oath of allegiance to the laws of the order. Then they put out the candles, lit alcohol, as Pierre heard it by smell, and said that he would see a small light. The bandage was removed from him, and Pierre, as in a dream, saw, in the faint light of an alcohol fire, several people who, in the same aprons as the rhetorician, stood against him and held swords aimed at his chest. Between them stood a man in a bloody white shirt. Seeing this, Pierre moved his sword forward with his chest, wanting them to pierce him. But the swords moved away from him and he was immediately bandaged again. “Now you have seen a small light,” a voice told him. Then the candles were lit again, they said that he needed to see the full light, and again they took off the bandage and suddenly more than ten voices said: sic transit gloria mundi. [this is how worldly glory passes.]
Pierre gradually began to come to his senses and look around the room where he was and the people in it. Around a long table, covered with black, sat about twelve people, all in the same robes as those whom he had seen before. Some Pierre knew from Petersburg society. An unfamiliar young man was sitting in the chairman's seat, wearing a special cross around his neck. On the right hand sat the Italian abbot, whom Pierre had seen two years ago at Anna Pavlovna's. There was also a very important dignitary and a Swiss tutor who had previously lived with the Kuragins. Everyone was solemnly silent, listening to the words of the chairman, who held a hammer in his hand. A burning star was embedded in the wall; on one side of the table there was a small carpet with various images, on the other side there was something like an altar with a Gospel and a skull. Around the table were 7 large, in the sort of church, candlesticks. Two of the brothers led Pierre to the altar, put his feet in a rectangular position and ordered him to lie down, saying that he was throwing himself at the gates of the temple.
“He must first get a shovel,” one of the brothers said in a whisper.
- A! Please, please,” said another.
Pierre, with bewildered, short-sighted eyes, disobeying, looked around him, and suddenly doubt came over him. "Where I am? What am I doing? Are they laughing at me? Wouldn't I be ashamed to remember this?" But this doubt lasted only for a moment. Pierre looked around at the serious faces of the people around him, remembered everything that he had already passed, and realized that it was impossible to stop halfway. He was horrified by his doubt and, trying to evoke in himself the former feeling of compunction, he threw himself at the gates of the temple. And indeed a feeling of compunction, even stronger than before, came over him. When he had lain for some time, they told him to get up and put on him the same white leather apron that the others had on, gave him a shovel and three pairs of gloves, and then the great master turned to him. He told him to be careful not to stain the whiteness of this apron, representing strength and purity; then he said of an unidentified shovel that he should work with it to cleanse his heart of vices and condescendingly smooth over the heart of his neighbor with it. Then about the first men's gloves he said that he could not know their meaning, but he must keep them, about other men's gloves he said that he should wear them in meetings, and finally about the third women's gloves he said: the essence is defined. Give them to the woman you will honor the most. With this gift, assure the purity of your heart to the one you choose for yourself as a worthy stonemason. And after a pause for a while, he added: “But observe, dear brother, that the gloves of these unclean hands do not adorn.” While the great master uttered these last words, it seemed to Pierre that the chairman was embarrassed. Pierre became even more embarrassed, blushed to tears, as children blush, began to look around uneasily, and there was an awkward silence.

Ilyin Leonid Andreevich - Director of the State scientific center– Institute of Biophysics, Academician and Vice-President of the Academy medical sciences USSR, city of Moscow.
He was born on March 15, 1928 in the city of Kharkov, Ukrainian SSR (now Ukraine) in the family of Andrei Vasilyevich (1893-1968) and Valentina Vasilievna (1903-1944) Ilyins.
Graduated from the 1st Leningrad Medical Institute with honors in 1953. Served in the Navy. Was the head of the medical service warship, then created the first one on Black Sea Fleet radiological laboratory. After demobilization, he worked in Leningrad (now St. Petersburg) as a senior researcher Medical and Biological Department of the Research Institute Navy THE USSR.
In 1961, he was elected by competition as the head of the radiation protection laboratory of the Leningrad Scientific Research Institute of Radiation Hygiene of the USSR Ministry of Health, in 1962 he was appointed deputy director for scientific work this institute. From 1968 to the present, he has been the director and scientific director of the State Scientific Center - the Institute of Biophysics, which was awarded the Order of Lenin in 1977 for the successes achieved in the development of medical science, health care and personnel training.
Main Scientific research Ilyin are devoted to the most important areas of radiation medicine: the discovery and creation of drugs and means of protecting the body from the effects of gamma-neutron radiation, the incorporation of radionuclides in the body and contact radioactive contamination of the skin, wounds and burns; development of medical and hygienic problems of protection of professionals and the population during the creation and development of new nuclear technologies and in the event of radiation accidents; regulation of permissible levels of human exposure; radiobiology of low-intensity radiation and predicting the stochastic consequences of radioactive exposure of people.
In 1974 he was elected a corresponding member, and in 1978 - full member(Academician) of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences (since 1991 - RAMS).
Thanks to the work of Ilyin, his students and employees, highly effective drugs for the prevention and treatment of acute radiation injuries were created, tested and introduced into domestic practice. For example, the radioprotector indralin as a means of preventing gamma-neutron exposure is adopted in the nuclear industry and energy, in the nuclear fleet and in other specialized organizations. The drug deoxynate is recommended as one of the effective means of treating acute radiation injuries. As a result of Ilyin's research, to combat the incorporation of various radionuclides in the body, preparations algisorb, ferrocin, stable iodine preparations and a group of complexones have been developed and are being produced. Known to practitioners, the drug "Protection" is one of the most effective means for decontaminating the skin from fission products of uranium and plutonium.
The name of Ilyin is associated with the development and introduction into practice of the nuclear industry and energy of special portable first-aid kits for professionals and first-aid kits for the population with appropriate anti-radiation drugs for use in case of radiation accidents. According to his ideas and with his direct participation, biomedical means and special systems for protecting personnel from one of the types of nuclear weapons were developed, for which he was awarded the Lenin Prize in 1985. Repeatedly took part, including as a supervisor, in testing the developed drugs in field conditions. Veteran of special risk units.
From 1980 to 1984 he was a member of the Presidium, and from 1984 to 1990 he was vice-president of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences. For two terms (1993-2000) he was elected a member of the Main Committee of the International Commission on Radiation Protection (ICRP). Since 1972 he has been a representative of the USSR, then - Russian Federation at the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR).
Under the leadership and with the direct participation of Ilyin, domestic regulations for emergency exposure of people were developed, and for the first time in world practice (1971) - guidelines for the protection of the public in the event of an accident nuclear reactors. These developments and their further modification (1983) became fundamental in substantiating measures to protect people during and after the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant in April 1986. From the first days and during the most difficult period of this catastrophe, he worked in the focus of the lesion, was one of the scientific supervisors of biomedical and hygienic work to mitigate the consequences of the accident, and made fundamental decisions on the strategy and tactics of protecting people.
Ilyin is the first scientist in the world who developed and substantiated the forecast of the radiological consequences of this catastrophe, subsequently confirmed by leading foreign and domestic experts. Theoretical works of Ilyin are devoted to one of the most actual problems radiation medicine and hygiene - assessment of the real risks of human exposure and, on this basis, the regulation of levels of low-intensity chronic exposure. He developed the concept of "practical threshold" in radiation epidemiology and hygienic regulation.
By Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of March 14, 1988, for great merits in the development of medical science, training of scientific personnel and in connection with the sixtieth birthday of a full member of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR Ilyin Leonid Andreevich He was awarded the title of Hero of Socialist Labor with the Order of Lenin and the Hammer and Sickle gold medal.
Author and co-author of 15 monographs, textbooks, manuals and more than 300 scientific publications. Among them are such fundamental monographs as "Fundamentals of protecting the body from exposure to radioactive substances" (1977), "Radioactive iodine in the problem of radiation safety" (1972), "Major radiation accidents: consequences and protective measures" (2001). Ilyin's monograph "Nuclear War: Medical and Biological Consequences" (1982, 1984), co-authored with E.I. Chazov and A.K. Guskova, was published in two editions and translated into five languages. This book played an important role in the global policy of preventing nuclear catastrophe as one of the first scientific substantiations and computational estimates of the consequences of thermal nuclear war, testifying to the impossibility of achieving victory in such a war. E.I. Chazov, L.A. Ilyin and A.M. Kuzin together with three American scientists B. Laun, G. Miller and E. Chevian in December 1980 in Geneva (Switzerland) created the international movement "Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear war." In 1985, this movement was awarded Nobel Prize Peace.
Ilyin's scientific and publicistic book "The Realities and Myths of Chernobyl" was published in two editions in Russia (1994, 1996), published on English language(1995) and published in Japan (1998). In this monograph, the author for the first time, based on his own research and work experience in Chernobyl, presented an objective picture of the biomedical and psychosocial consequences of the disaster. Ilyin's textbook "Radiation Hygiene" (co-authored with V.F. Kirillov and I.P. Korenkov) became a reference book for doctors and students, and according to the conclusion famous physicists working in the nuclear field, this textbook can be successfully used for teaching in technical universities in the training of specialists in the field of radioecology, dosimetry and protection.
Lives and works in Moscow.
He was awarded 2 Orders of Lenin (09/03/1981, 03/14/1988), the Order of the Red Banner of Labor (07/20/1971), medals.
Laureate of the Lenin Prize (1985), State Prize of the USSR (1977), State Prize of the Russian Federation (2000), Prize of the Government of the Russian Federation (2001), Prize named after N.I. Pirogov.

Leonid Ilyin, Honorary President of the A.I. Burnazyan, First Deputy Director General of the FMBC, Academician of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor

At the end of the 1st Leningrad medical institute with honors in 1953, Leonid Ilyin served in the Navy. He was the head of the medical service of a warship, then he created the first radiological laboratory in the Black Sea Fleet. After demobilization, he worked in Leningrad as a senior researcher at the Biomedical Department of the Research Institute of the USSR Navy. In 1961 he was elected by competition as the head of the radiation protection laboratory of the Leningrad Scientific Research Institute of Radiation Hygiene of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, in 1962 he was appointed deputy director for scientific work of this institute.

From 1968 to the present, Leonid Andreevich has been the director and scientific director of the State Scientific Center - the Institute of Biophysics, which was awarded the Order of Lenin in 1977 for the successes achieved in the development of medical science, health care and personnel training.

The main scientific research of L.A. Ilyin are devoted to the most important areas of radiation medicine: the discovery and creation of drugs and means of protecting the body from the effects of gamma-neutron radiation, the incorporation of radionuclides in the body and contact radioactive contamination of the skin, wounds and burns; development of medical and hygienic problems of protection of professionals and the population during the creation and development of new nuclear technologies and in the event of radiation accidents; regulation of permissible levels of human exposure; radiobiology of low-intensity radiation and predicting the stochastic consequences of radioactive exposure of people.

Thanks to the work of Leonid Andreevich, his students and employees, highly effective drugs for the prevention and treatment of acute radiation injuries have been created, tested and introduced into domestic practice. For example, the radioprotector indralin as a means of preventing gamma-neutron exposure is adopted in the nuclear industry and energy, in the nuclear fleet and in other specialized organizations. The drug deoxynate is recommended as one of the effective means of treating acute radiation injuries. As a result of L.A. Ilyin, to combat the incorporation of various radionuclides in the body, algisorb, ferrocin, stable iodine preparations and a group of complexones have been developed and are being produced. Known to practitioners, the drug “Protection” is one of the most effective means for decontaminating the skin from fission products of uranium and plutonium, etc. With the name of L.A. Ilyin, the development and introduction into practice of the nuclear industry and energy of special portable first-aid kits for professionals and first-aid kits for the population with appropriate anti-radiation drugs for use in case of radiation accidents. According to the ideas of Leonid Andreevich and with his direct participation, biomedical means and special systems for protecting personnel from one of the types of nuclear weapons were developed, for which he was awarded the Lenin Prize in 1985. Repeatedly took part, including as a supervisor, in testing the developed drugs in field conditions. Veteran of special risk units. Under the leadership and with the direct participation of L.A. Ilyin developed domestic regulations for emergency exposure of people and for the first time in world practice (1971) - methodological recommendations for protecting the population in the event of an accident at nuclear reactors. These developments and their further modification (1983) became fundamental in substantiating measures to protect people during and after the Chernobyl accident.

From the first days and during the most difficult period of this disaster, he worked in the focus of the lesion, was one of the scientific supervisors of biomedical and hygienic work to mitigate the consequences of the accident, made fundamental decisions on the strategy and tactics of protecting people.

L.A. Ilyin is the first scientist in the world who developed and substantiated the forecast of the radiological consequences of this catastrophe, subsequently confirmed by leading foreign and domestic experts.

Theoretical works of Leonid Andreevich are devoted to one of the most pressing problems of radiation medicine and hygiene - the assessment of the real risks of human exposure and, on this basis, the regulation of levels of low-intensity chronic exposure. He developed the concept of "practical threshold" in radiation epidemiology and hygienic regulation.

Author and co-author of 15 monographs, textbooks, manuals and more than 300 scientific publications. Among them are such fundamental monographs as "Fundamentals of protecting the body from exposure to radioactive substances" (1977), "Radioactive iodine in the problem of radiation safety" (1972; translated into English, 1975), "Major radiation accidents: consequences and protective measures" ( 2001; translated to Japanese, 2003; English, 2004). Monograph L.A. Ilyin “Nuclear War: Medical and Biological Consequences” (1982, 1984), co-authored with E.I. Chazov and A.K. Guskova, published in two editions and translated into five languages. This book played an important role in the world policy of preventing a nuclear catastrophe as one of the first scientific justifications and calculated estimates of the consequences of a thermonuclear war, indicating the impossibility of achieving victory in such a war. E.I. Chazov, L.A. Ilyin and A.M. Kuzin, together with three American scientists B. Lown, G. Miller and E. Chevian, in December 1980 in Geneva created the international movement Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War. In 1985, this movement was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize.

Scientific and publicistic book L.A. Ilyin “Realities and Myths of Chernobyl” was published in two editions in Russia (1994, 1996), published in English (1995) and published in Japan (1998). In this monograph, the author for the first time, based on his own research and work experience in Chernobyl, presented an objective picture of the biomedical and psychosocial consequences of the disaster. Textbook L.A. Ilyin "Radiation Hygiene" (co-authored with V.F. Kirillov and I.P. Korenkov) has become a reference book for doctors and students, and according to the conclusion of well-known physicists working in the atomic field, this textbook can be successfully used for teaching in technical universities in the training of specialists in the field of radioecology, dosimetry and protection.

In 1974 he was elected a corresponding member, and in 1978 a full member of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences.

From 1980 to 1984 he was a member of the Presidium of the Academy of Medical Sciences, from 1984 to 1990 he was vice-president of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences. For two terms (1993-2000) he was elected a member of the Main Committee of the International Commission on Radiation Protection (ICRP). Since 1972, he has been the representative of the USSR, then the Russian Federation, in the UN Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR). For 20 years he was the chairman of the NKRZ of the USSR. L.A. Ilyin is the editor-in-chief of the journal Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety (2001).

L.A. Ilyin is a laureate of the Lenin (1985) and State Prizes of the USSR (1977), a laureate of the State Prize of the Russian Federation in the field of science and technology (2000) and the Prize of the Government of the Russian Federation (2001). For services to the country and outstanding achievements in the development of science on the effect of radiation on humans, L.A. Ilyin in 1988 was awarded the title of Hero of Socialist Labor.

Lives and works in Moscow.

In 1923, to the displeasure of the avant-gardists, at the competition for the design of the Palace of Labor in Moscow, the project of the Petrograd architect N.A. Trotsky in the style of "revolutionary romanticism". The project of the Vesnin brothers, later called the manifesto of constructivism, received only the third prize. However, the growing influence of supporters of "modern" architecture after 1923 actually led to a gap between Moscow and Leningrad architects. In 1928-1929. during the competition for the design of the library building. Lenin, a custom project by the Leningrad academician architect V.A. Shchuko caused a storm of criticism from Moscow architectural organizations. At the same time, this project largely anticipated the appeal to the “historical heritage” proclaimed in 1932. It was then that the leading masters of Leningrad, graduates of the Academy of Arts, who, contrary to all trends, were involved in the development of the final project of the Palace of Soviets and the reconstruction of Moscow abandoned their beliefs.

While the avant-garde in the first half of the 1920s. dreamed of building up Moscow with new buildings made of glass and concrete, and in the late 1920s. - to re-plan, abandoning the historical radial-ring structure, Leningrad architects in the reconstruction of the city continued to follow the traditions and principles that took shape in the first decades of the 20th century. One of these architects was Lev Alexandrovich Ilyin.

L.A. Ilyin was born on July 18, 1880 in Tambov. In 1897, he entered the St. Petersburg Institute of Civil Engineers, during his studies he began working as an assistant city architect in Tambov. After graduating from the institute in 1902, Ilyin worked for some time in the workshop of L.N. Benois at the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts. As Ilyin himself later wrote: “I never graduated from the Academy, to my great regret. Some then professional life success, and perhaps even age, did not allow me to take seriously enough my own intention and the attention that L.N. Benois. In 1906, in collaboration with the engineers Klein and Rosenberg, he took part in the competition for the design of the hospital of Peter the Great. “In parallel with the construction of the hospital, which continued until 1916, L.A. Ilyin participates in numerous competitions and exhibits his works at Russian and international architectural exhibitions and congresses in Vienna, Rome and Malmö (Sweden)." In the 1910s Ilyin is involved in the construction of several new bridges in St. Petersburg, including on Nevsky Prospekt.

In 1918 L.A. Ilyin becomes the director of the Museum of the City, created in Petrograd. At the end of 1923, on his initiative, an urban planning design workshop was created at the Museum - the Commission for the Redevelopment of Petrograd. Materials from the Fomin Architectural Workshop, which had been working on the city planning project since 1918, were transferred to this Commission. ) at the improvement subdepartment of the Public Utilities Department of the Gubernia Executive Committee. In 1925-1926. according to the project of Ilyin, a square in front of the Exchange building is being drawn up, in 1926-1927. – Arrow of Yelagin Island. Until 1938, despite the frequent reorganization of the design and planning business, he led the work on the city planning project.

Even after the rejection in August 1935 of the actually finished project, the team of the Architectural and Planning Department of the Executive Committee of the Leningrad City Council (APO) under the leadership of L.A. Ilyina wins an urgent competition for the Leningrad Redevelopment Project Scheme. The scheme is finalized and approved in December 1935. As in the developments of the late 1920s, it provides for the development of the city in a southerly direction with a central axis along the Moscow highway. At the intersection of the highway with the newly designed main arc highway, a new city center with the House of Soviets is planned.

In 1936, the competition project of the House of Soviets L.A. Ilyina is recognized as one of the best, but the project of N.A. is accepted for implementation. Trotsky. Two years later, Ilyin will say: “Unfortunately, this important competition project was made by me in the course of three weeks, while others worked on the project much more. I worked for three weeks, not because I ignored this big task, but because I was finishing work on the planning of the center of Moscow at that time.

The official biographies of L.A. are silent about this fact. Ilyin. In them one can find references to his great work (as a chief architect and consultant) on the draft general plan of Baku in 1930-1936, about his work on similar projects for Petrozavodsk, Ivanovo, Yaroslavl, etc. Ilyin’s surname is not found in articles of the 1930s devoted to the reconstruction of Moscow. Only in the publication of 1936 in the journal "Architecture of the USSR", dedicated to the completion of the first stage of detailing master plan 1935, in the captions to the illustrations, Ilyin is mentioned as one of the authors of some projects of the Architectural and Planning Workshop No. 2, in particular, the project for the reconstruction of Red Square. Later, in a 1945 article dedicated to the memory of the architect, A. Bunin mentions (undated) that Ilyin was developing a project for the Palace of Soviets Avenue for Moscow (Ilyich Alley from the Palace of Soviets to Sparrow Hills). Thus, based on two references and the words of the architect himself, it can be assumed that in 1936 Ilyin took an active part in the work of the architectural and planning workshop No. 2, which was responsible for developing a project for the reconstruction of the center of Moscow. (An important fact is that the head of the workshop was V.A. Shchuko, the same age as Ilyin, also from Tambov, with whom they studied at the Academy of Arts with L.N. Benois at about the same time, and later worked together on a number of projects for Leningrad).

Despite the strangeness of the situation, when the chief architect of Leningrad is involved in the work on such an important fragment of the General Plan for the Reconstruction of Moscow, it was quite natural. It was by 1936 that the concept of reconstruction of Moscow was finally formed, which was based on the idea of likening Moscow to old Petersburg, and the experience of such a specialist as Ilyin was invaluable. In the drawings and sketches created with his participation, it was possible to overcome the desire that existed in Moscow to build up the center with grandiose departmental buildings and create the desired image of an integral ensemble subordinate to a single dominant - the Palace of Soviets. And although Ilyin's proposal did not receive further development, the sketches of 1936 became the culmination of the entire long process of developing a project for the reconstruction of Moscow and its central core in the 1930s.

However, after 1936, Ilyin was no longer in demand as before. In 1938, the Leningrad planning project developed under his leadership was criticized, and Ilyin's team was suspended from work. One of the most notable architects of Soviet Leningrad in the 1930s. became a professor Leningrad Institute utility engineers.

December 11, 1942 Lev Alexandrovich Ilyin died during the shelling of Leningrad.
Ilyin L.A. My creative path // Architecture of Leningrad. - 1938. - No. 2. - P. 59.
Bunin A. In memory of Lev Alexandrovich Ilyin (To the 2nd anniversary of his death) // Architecture of the USSR. - 1945. - No. 9. - P. 39.
The rejection of the developed project was due both to the new guidelines announced in connection with the adoption of the General Plan of Moscow, and to the deterioration of relations with Finland, to the borders of which the designed "Great Leningrad" approached. An important factor was the appearance at the head of the party leadership of Leningrad A.A. Zhdanov, who sought to cross out S.M. Kirov - his predecessor - from the history of the city.
Ilyin L.A. My creative path // Architecture of Leningrad. - 1938. - No. 2. - P. 65.
Bulushev A. Planning of Moscow at a new stage // Architecture of the USSR. - 1936. - No. 8. - S. 8-9.