Combat "alligators" of the Black Sea Fleet. Domestic weapons and military equipment Voronezh Komsomolets ship

Ship history:
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Large landing ship pr.1171

The qualitative and quantitative growth of the USSR Navy in the middle of the 20th century allowed it to enter the expanses of the World Ocean. Among other tasks in the strategic doctrines, the following appeared: "Providing military assistance to allied and friendly states." This required special funds. And last but not least - special ships for the delivery of various goods. So, in 1959, a task appeared to develop an ocean-going tank landing ship (Project 1171) with performance data comparable to those of modern Western ships.

Almost simultaneously, the Ministry of the Navy ordered a cargo ship with a bow ramp (project 1173), which in wartime was supposed to serve the same purpose. High difficulty a ship that is fundamentally new for our fleet, as well as the proximity of the purpose of both projects, forced us to combine both projects into one under the general designation "Project 1171". At the same time, the dual - military and civilian - use of the vessel was preserved, while its characteristics decreased somewhat.

The conflicting requirements of civilian customers (high efficiency, use of the entire volume of holds, good cabins for the crew) and the military (space for weapons, increased unsinkability, high speed, special equipment) forced a compromise. The designers made up four versions of the project, taking into account all the wishes as far as possible, but the undoubted priority was still given to the military. The last straw was the replacement of the main engines. Instead of the 2500 hp diesel engines planned for the vessel. it was decided to install motors of greater power on it. This suited the Navy quite well, since the speed increased to 17 knots - almost up to the original task. However, the Ministry of the Navy decided to abandon the "joint" vessel - its operation with such powerful mechanisms became unprofitable.

As a result, the dual purpose of "Tapir" (the so-called project 1171) appeared only in appearance, more typical for a civilian ship. The ship received the designation BDK - "large landing ship" - and was built exclusively for the Navy.

For ten years, from 1966 to 1975, 14 ships of this project were put into operation in four versions. For two decades, "Tapirs" ("Alligator" according to NATO classification) formed the basis of strategic landing forces Soviet Union. There were 5 ships of this class in the Black Sea Fleet. They have proven themselves well in combat services and have made many long-distance campaigns over the long years of operation.

The large landing ship "Nikolai Filchenkov" was laid down in Kaliningrad on shipyard"Yantar" 01/30/1974 (serial number 304), launched 03/29/1975, entered service 12/30/1975

Initially, it was part of the 39th division of the amphibious assault forces. When carrying out combat services in the zone of military conflicts in the Middle East, the BDK has repeatedly performed the tasks of providing international assistance. In particular, "Nikolai Filchenkov" was based in the ports of Angola (March-July 1976, November 1977 - January 1978).

The ship has repeatedly performed combat missions in the Mediterranean, Red Seas, Atlantic and Indian Oceans. From 1975 to 2004, according to the results of the year, the ship was declared excellent eight times, in 1996 and 1997 - the best ship in the Black Sea Fleet among ships of the 2nd rank.

During the division of the Black Sea Fleet, the ship was reassigned to the command of the 30th division of surface ships.

In August 2000, the large landing ship "Nikolai Filchenkov" as part of a detachment of warships of the Black Sea Fleet carried out the task of transporting weapons and equipment of the contingent of the Group of Russian Forces in the Transcaucasus from the Gonio loading point (near Batumi) to the landing point Utrishenok (near Novorossiysk) in four flights . In 2001, while performing the tasks of transporting military equipment and combat training, he was outside the base for more than 100 days.

At present, the large landing ship "Nikolai Filchenkov" is part of the 197th brigade of landing ships of the 30th DNC and is actively used in the exercises and combat training of the fleet.

Project 1171 Large Landing Ships (Tapir) (Alligator according to NATO classification) - a series of Soviet BDKs. Designed for the landing of amphibious assault forces on an unequipped coast and the transfer of troops and cargo by sea. Capable of transporting various types of armored vehicles, including tanks. The development of the project was the BDK project 11711 being built for the Russian Navy.

Development history

Landing capabilities

The ship can carry loads of 20 main battle tanks, or 45 armored personnel carriers, or 50 trucks, or 300 troops. The ship can carry up to 1000 tons of various cargoes. On the bow there is a compartment for armored vehicles, and there is also a landing ramp, in the form of sliding bow and stern gates.

Armament

The main armament of the ships of project 1171 "Tapir" consists of one universal twin ship artillery mount of 57 mm caliber - ZIF-31 "B". Also, to destroy coastal targets and support landing forces, the BDK is equipped with two launchers of the Grad-M multiple launch rocket system with a range of about 20 km. Most units of the series were armed with Strela-3 self-defense missile systems.

Series Composition

In total, 15 ships were planned in the series, one of which was never completed. They were built from 1964 to 1975. 14 ships of the series were part of the USSR Navy for a long time, and later also part of the Russian fleet. 4 ships of this series serve in the Black Sea Fleet and the Pacific Fleet. One of the ships sank while being towed, and one was sold to Ukraine, where it was subsequently converted into a bulk carrier.
Table colors:
Red - Decommissioned or scrapped
Green - Active in the Navy
Yellow - Operating as a civilian ship
White - Not completed or disposed of not launched

Notes

Links

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Landing craft

Large landing ships of project 1171 "Tapir" (according to NATO classification - "Alligator") - a series of Soviet large landing craft, which are designed for landing amphibious assaults on an unequipped coast and the transfer of troops and cargo by sea. BDKs are capable of transporting various types of armored vehicles, including tanks. The development of the project was the BDK project 11711 being built for the Russian Navy.

The ship can accommodate loads of 20 main battle tanks, or 45 armored personnel carriers, or 50 trucks, and 300 landing personnel (two landing quarters, in the first and fourth tweendecks). The ship can carry up to 1000 tons of various cargoes. On the nose there is a compartment for armored vehicles, and there is also a landing ramp, in the form of sliding bow and stern gates.

The large landing ship Nikolai Filchenkov (tail number 152) was laid down in Kaliningrad at the Yantar shipyard on January 30, 1974, serial number 304. The launch took place on March 29, 1975. She entered the fleet on December 30, 1975. Location: Black Sea Fleet.

Main characteristics: Displacement 4650 tons. Length 113.1 meters, width 15.6 meters, draft 4.5 meters. Maximum travel speed 16.5 knots. Cruising range 10,000 nautical miles at 15 knots. Crew 55 people.

Power plant: 2 diesels, 2 propellers, 9000 hp

Capacity: up to 1500 tons of equipment and cargo.

Armament: 1x2 57-mm ZIF-31B gun mount, 2x2 25-mm 2M-3M anti-aircraft guns, 3x8 MANPADS launchers, A-215 Grad-M salvo firing system.

Initially, the BDK "Nikolai Filchenkov" was part of the 39th division of the amphibious assault forces. When carrying out combat services in the zone of military conflicts in the Middle East, the BDK has repeatedly performed the tasks of providing international assistance. In particular, "Nikolai Filchenkov" was based in the ports of Angola (March-July 1976, from November 1977 to January 1978).

The ship has repeatedly performed combat missions in the Mediterranean, Red Seas, Atlantic and Indian Oceans. From 1975 to 2004, according to the results of the year, the ship was declared excellent eight times, in 1996 and 1997 - the best ship in the Black Sea Fleet among ships of the 2nd rank.

During the division of the Black Sea Fleet, the ship was reassigned to the command of the 30th division of surface ships.

In August 2000, the large landing ship "Nikolai Filchenkov" as part of a detachment of warships of the Black Sea Fleet carried out the task of transporting weapons and equipment of the contingent of the Group of Russian Forces in the Transcaucasus from the Gonio loading point (near Batumi) to the landing point Utrishenok (near Novorossiysk) in four flights . In 2001, while carrying out the tasks of transporting military equipment and combat training, he was outside the base for more than 100 days.

Currently, the large landing ship "Nikolai Filchenkov" is part of the 197th brigade of landing ships of the 30th DNC and is actively used in the exercises and combat training of the fleet.

On March 23, 2005, the Nikolai Filchenkov large landing ship near the city of Feodosia landed on the amphibious assault range near Opuk Mountain the personnel and equipment of the 382nd separate battalion of the Marine Corps of the Black Sea Fleet of the Russian Federation (a total of 142 people and 28 pieces of equipment), which provoked a political scandal between Ukraine and the Russian Federation.

March 24, 2015 and headed for the Mediterranean. According to a report dated April 17, within the framework of working out the elements of the course task K-2 (action of a single ship at sea as intended), military equipment and personnel of a separate brigade of marines of the Black Sea Fleet in the area of ​​the Opuk naval landing range near Feodosia. June 15 and headed for the Mediterranean. July 15 and for the third time went to the Mediterranean Sea. August 20 southbound with cargo on the upper deck.

April 17, 2017 passed through the Bosphorus and returned to the Black Sea, completing the fourth trip to the coast of Syria this year. According to a message dated April 21, 2018, the fulfillment of tasks as part of the permanent grouping of the Russian Navy in the Mediterranean Sea and headed for the permanent base - the hero city of Sevastopol. According to a message dated September 13 to Sevastopol after the exercise in the Mediterranean Sea, which took place from September 01 to 08 under the leadership of the Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Navy.

, according to NATO classification - "Alligator" class- a series of 14 (BDK) large landing four modifications built in the Soviet Union in 1964-1975. Four ships from this series are still in the service of the Pacific and Russia. Let us dwell on them in more detail, by the way, in the places of service and sea trips, you can track the zones of interests and influence of the USSR, Russia has no less interests, unfortunately the possibilities are simply not comparable.

• Project 1171 Tapir, BDK-69, renamed in 2002 to "Orsk", launched in 1968 and entered service in the same year and entered under tail number 148.

  

  BDK-69 renamed in 2002 to Orsk

• BDK-10, then -69 under tail number 150, since August 18, 1966, has been part of the Black Sea Fleet of the USSR, and now Russia. Voronezh Komsomolets was renamed Saratov in 2003. During the first years of service, he was based in the ports of Egypt and Syria, in 1999 he carried out the transfer of personnel and equipment of peacekeeping forces Russian Federation to Greece. In mid-2000, he transported equipment and weapons of Russian troops from Batumi to Novorossiysk.

  

• BDK "Nikolai Filchenkov" tail number 152, in the ranks of the Black Sea Fleet since December 1975. In 1976, 1977, 1978, part of the time stationed in the ports of Angola. In August - September 2000, together with a large landing craft"Saratov", the same project 1171 Tapir, was engaged in the transfer of weapons and equipment of Russian troops from Batumi to the Novorossiysk region.

  

• BDK "Nikolai Vilkov" number 081, the only one of BDK ships of project 1171 Tapir , which is in service with the Russian Pacific Fleet, has been in service since 1974. BDK "Nikolai Vilkov" performed 7 combat services in the Indian Ocean. In the nineties, he took part in the joint exercises "Gulfex-22" in the Persian Gulf, together with the Navies of England, France and, of course, the United States. During the earthquake in the South Kuriles, he provided assistance to the affected population.

  

  Project 1171 large landing ship, Nikolai Vilkov at the Navy Day parade, photo July 30, 2006

BDK ships of project 1171 Tapir photo could be used for both military and civilian purposes, but because of this, the original characteristics of the project were changed. The ship had to: have high efficiency, good cabins for the crew and at the same time carry diverse weapons and special equipment, have increased unsinkability, high speed and use the entire volume of holds.
Outwardly civilian, the ships of project 1171 were used only in the interests of the navy.
BDKs are designed for landing amphibious assault forces with military equipment on an unequipped coast with a small bottom slope (and floating equipment - on the water) and for the transfer of troops and cargo by sea.

Large landing BDK-182, landing on the coast photo 90s

The 1171 class ship can accommodate 20 or 45 (or infantry fighting vehicles), or 52 trucks (ZIL-131 type). The number of troops (depending on the modification of the ship) is 313 or 440 people. The BDK can carry up to 1000 tons of payloads. On the bow of the BDK there is a landing ramp in the form of sliding bow and stern gates. The Tapir class is armed with one 57-mm universal twin shipborne artillery mount (AU), two Grad-M multiple launch rocket launchers (MLRS) and two to three Strela-3 man-portable air defense systems (MANPADS) .
BDK ships of project 1171 Tapir photo from the history of creation
In the late 1950s, the Soviet Navy (Navy) had a need to create a large ocean-going landing ship.

BDK "Saratov" before landing amphibious assault during a Marine Corps battalion-tactical exercise

And in 1959, the leadership of the Navy formulated the terms of reference (to the Leningrad TsKB-50) for the development of the BDK project 1171 with performance data comparable to those of Western landing ships. Almost simultaneously, the Ministry of the Navy ordered a project 1173 bulk carrier with a bow ramp, which could be used as a landing ship in wartime. Both projects were combined into one under the general designation: project 1171 "Tapir". But a decided to abandon the "joint" vessel, because its operation with such powerful engines (the Navy required a speed of up to 17 knots) became unprofitable. The lead project 1171 "Voronezh Komsomolets" was laid down on February 5, 1964, launched on July 1, 1964, and accepted into the fleet on August 18, 1966.

Large landing ships of the Black Sea Fleet exercise 1997

Project 1171 ships were built in Kaliningrad at the Yantar Baltic Shipyard from 1964 to 1975. A total of 14 ships were built (out of 15 planned) in four versions. Four BDKs of this series are still serving on the Black Sea and Pacific Fleets Russia, see the data above in the text.
BDK ships of project 1171 Tapir photo , the design is a multi-deck Ro-Ro type with a twin-deck (length - 90 m, width - 9 m) running along the entire length of the ship, with a developed superstructure, which houses the ship's control rooms, crew cabins, etc.

BDK type 1171 "Tapir", top view Nikolai Vilkov at the wall of Dalzavod

In its upper part there is a navigation bridge, and on the roof there is a mast with antenna posts placed on it. various systems radio equipment. The superstructure of the ship is located only at the stern, where there is a sealed folding port, which in the lowered position serves to load equipment from the pier (when mooring astern). The compartment for armored vehicles is located in the bow, there is also a landing ramp (closed by sliding gates). Loading of equipment can be carried out under its own power through the bow or stern landing gear. In the first and fourth tween decks there are cockpits for landing troops. The ship has cranes for loading cargo onto the upper deck or into the tween deck through hatches in the upper deck.

Large amphibious landing ship BDK-69 and Berezina complex supply ship (there is a need, but it was put on pins and needles) Sevastopol photo 2000

The main power plant (GEM) of the BDK includes two 58A diesel engines with a total capacity of up to 18,000 liters. with., working on two propellers. The power plant is located echelonally in two onboard compartments. The ship is equipped with a navigation radar station (RLS) "Don" and radio communications.

For those who are interested in the fate of the ships of this series, see the table.

PROJECT 1171 TAPIR SHIPS

performance characteristics BDK ships of project 1171 Tapir photo

• Displacement 3040/4650 t.
• dimensions length - 113.1 m, width - 15.6 m, draft - 4.5 m.
• Power plant 2 * 4500 hp diesels 58A, 2 propellers
• Capacity 47 pieces of equipment and 313 people
• Armament 1 x 2 - 57-mm ZIF-51B, Strela missiles 24 missiles, 2x22 launchers NURS
• Speed ​​16/5 knots, cruising range 10,000 miles at 15 knots.
• Crew 69 people.

The development of project 1171 was the large landing ship 11711 Ivan Gren, which has been under construction since 2004 for the Russian Navy, at an "impressive pace" but has not yet been built.

BDK project 11711 Ivan Gren was laid down for construction in 2004, photo 2010, the pace of construction is impressive

The Project 1171 hull also served as the prototype for the larger Project 1174 ocean-going landing craft (code "Rhino").