War of white and red roses presentation. Presentation for the lesson "Completion of the unification of England. War of the Scarlet and White Roses" - presentation. The King's Council declared him illegitimate and Edward IV's brother Richard of Gloucester was crowned the same year as Richard II.

slide 4

The beginning of the war

Richard of York was the first to declare that the royal power in the hands of a woman is an absolutely unacceptable thing. And the fact that this woman is also a Frenchwoman, in his understanding, made the queen the first enemy of the state. Richard of York demanded guardianship, that is, a regency over the incapacitated king, and after his death, the English crown.

slide 5

• The basis for this claim was that Henry VI was the great-grandson of John of Gaunt, the fourth son of King Edward III, and York was the great-grandson of Lionel of the third son of this king (in the female line, in the male line he was the grandson of Edmund, the fifth son of Edward III), moreover, the fact that the grandfather of Henry the Sixth, Henry the Fourth Lancaster forced King Richard II to abdicate by force, seizing power in 1399, called into question the legitimacy of the entire royal dynasty of Lancaster.
• Richard II English king(1377-1399), representative of the Plantagenet dynasty, grandson of King Edward III

slide 6

In 1455, Richard of York defeated the Lancastrian army, took King Henry the Sixth himself prisoner and forced the Upper House of Parliament to recognize himself as regent and heir to the throne. Of course, Queen Margarita did not agree with this decision, who fled north and soon returned to England with an army of many thousands. At the Battle of Wakefield, Richard was killed and his paper crowned head was put on display in York.

Slide 7

• The son of the murdered Richard of York, Edward, in 1461, with the support of the Earl of Warwick, gathered an army and defeated the Lancasters, forcing Margaret to flee again to Scotland. Henry the Sixth was deposed, and Edward was crowned at Westminster as the new English monarch under the name of Edward the Fourth.
• The weak-minded King Henry was imprisoned in the Tower, and Edward's fanatical desire to strengthen his power, while weakening the power of his barons, only led to the fact that his former supporters sided with Henry the Sixth.

Slide 8

• fighting resumed in 1470, when the Earl of Warwick and the Duke of Clarence (younger brother of Edward IV) who went over to the side of the Lancastrians returned Henry VI to the throne. Edward IV fled to Burgundy with his other brother, the Duke of Gloucester.
• A year later, Edward returned with an army and won victories at Barnet and Tewkesberry. In the first of these battles, the Earl of Warwick was killed, in the second, Prince Edward, the only son of Henry VI, was killed, which, together with the death (probably murder) of Henry himself that followed in the same year in the Tower, put an end to the Lancastrian dynasty.

Slide 9

• After the death of Edward, the throne was to be inherited by his eldest son, Edward the Fifth. However, the king's council declared him illegitimate and Richard of Gloucester, the late king's younger brother, removed him from power.
• He declared himself protector, and later heir to the throne, ordering subsequently to imprison Edward and his younger brother to the Tower, where they were put to death.
• Richard III - King of England c 1483, from the York dynasty, the last representative of the male Plantagenet line on the English throne

Slide 10

End of the war

• Richard III tried to pursue a wise policy, trying to restore the country after thirty years of military devastation. His actions were not to the liking of many feudal lords.
• At the battle of Bosworth, at the most crucial moment, the supporters of Richard III betrayed him by going over to the side of the enemy. As a result, Richard III was killed and Henry Tudor became king (he was the great-great-grandson of John of Gaunt in the female line).
• Henry Tudor, combined the Scarlet and White roses in his coat of arms, and married the daughter of Edward the Fourth, Elizabeth.

slide 11

The results of the war

• The War of the Scarlet and White Roses was the last rampage of feudal anarchy before the establishment of absolutism in England.
• Both dynasties were exhausted and perished in the struggle. The war brought strife, oppression of taxes, theft of the treasury, the lawlessness of large feudal lords, the decline of trade, direct robberies and requisitions to the population of England.
• The War of the Scarlet and White Roses effectively ended the English Middle Ages. It continued the changes in feudal English society, including the weakening of the feudal power of the nobility and the strengthening of the position of the merchant class, as well as the rise of a strong, centralized monarchy under the leadership of the Tudor dynasty. The accession of the Tudors in 1485 is considered the beginning of the New Age in English history.

slide 12

View all slides

After the end of the Hundred Years War, thousands of disappointed people returned to England, for whom the war was their life's work. The situation in the country sharply escalated, any weakening of royal power threatened with unrest. Soon a long bloody struggle for power began between the two factions of the nobility.

The reign of Henry VI from the Lancaster dynasty (a side branch of the Plantagenets) was dissatisfied with a relative of the king, the Duke of York. The emblem of the Lancasters was a scarlet rose, the Yorks - a white one. Therefore, the outbreak of war is known as the War of the Scarlet and White Roses (1455-1485). Despite the romantic name, the war was characterized by rare cruelty. Knightly ideals of honor were forgotten, betrayals and massacres followed one after another.

After the death of King Edward IV of the York dynasty, the eldest of his young sons was to inherit the throne. But the brother of the late king seized power and began to rule under the name of Richard III (1483-1485).

An outstanding ruler, Richard III pursued a sensible policy, began to restore the country devastated by the war. But his enemies did not doze. In 1485, a distant relative of the Lancasters, Henry Tudor, landed with an army in England. In the battle of Bosworth, Richard was betrayed by those close to him, and his personal courage could no longer affect anything. He refused to run and died. Right on the battlefield, the crown was placed on the head of the winner - Henry VII Tudor (1485-1509).

Having come to power, Henry VII did everything to discredit his dead enemy, to present him as an evil freak who paved the way to the throne over the corpses of his relatives. Richard was accused of cold-blooded murder of underage nephews. But there is no direct evidence of his guilt, and for Henry VII the death of the offspring of the House of York was much more profitable than for Richard.

As a result of the War of the Scarlet and White Roses, the Tudor dynasty (1485-1603) came to power. Having married a representative of the York dynasty, Henry VII reconciled with their supporters and combined both scarlet and white roses in his coat of arms. The new monarch ordered the nobility to disband the military detachments, ruthlessly cracking down on everyone who did not want to submit. The king was not too fond of knightly ceremonies, but he took care of replenishing the treasury. During his reign, taxes increased and the administrative apparatus was strengthened. Parliament still met, but everything was determined by the royal will.

Aleksandrov Igor

The work is a presentation for the lesson "The completion of the unification of England. The War of the Scarlet and White Roses." The work reveals the causes of the war, presents the main politicians England, the course of hostilities and the results of the war. The presentation contains good illustrative material and can be used in history lessons.

Download:

Preview:

To use the preview of presentations, create a Google account (account) and sign in: https://accounts.google.com

Slides captions:

"Wars and battles" The work was completed by: Alexandrov Igor Student of the 10th grade Teacher: Afanasyeva Irina Viktorovna War of the Scarlet and White Roses State budgetary educational institution Lyceum No. 373 of the Moskovsky district of St. Petersburg "Economic Lyceum"

WAR OF THE SCARLET AND WHITE ROSES 1455-1485 An internecine war in England for the throne between two branches of the Plantagenet dynasty - the Lancasters (a scarlet rose in the coat of arms) and the Yorks (a white rose in the coat of arms). The death in the war of the main representatives of both dynasties and a significant part of the nobility facilitated the establishment of Tudor absolutism.

The reason for the war was the dissatisfaction of a significant part of English society with the failures in the Hundred Years War and the policies pursued by the wife of King Henry VI, Queen Margaret and his favorites (the king himself was a weak-willed person, moreover, sometimes fell into complete unconsciousness). Margaret of Anjou and her son Prince Edward. Statue in the Luxembourg Gardens in Paris Henry VI - the third and last king of England from the Lancaster dynasty. The only one of the English kings who, during the Hundred Years War and after it, bore the title "King of France", who was actually crowned (1431) and reigned in France

Richard II - King of England (1377-1399), representative of the Plantagenet dynasty, grandson of King Edward III, son of Edward the Black Prince. The opposition was led by Duke Richard of York, who demanded for himself first the regency over the incapacitated king, and later the English crown. The basis for this claim was that Henry VI was the great-grandson of John of Gaunt, the fourth son of King Edward III, and York was the great-grandson of Lionel, the third son of this king (in the female line, in the male line, he was the grandson of Edmund, the fifth son of Edward III), in addition, Henry VI's grandfather Henry IV seized the throne in 1399, forcibly forcing King Richard II to abdicate.

The confrontation turned into a war in 1455, when the Yorkists celebrated the victory at the First Battle of St. Albans, shortly after which the English Parliament declared Richard York protector of the kingdom and heir to Henry VI.

In 1460, at the Battle of Wakefield, Richard York died. The party of the White Rose was led by his son Edward, who was crowned in London in 1461 as Edward IV. In the same year the Yorkists won victories at Mortimer's Cross and at Towton. As a result of the latter, the main forces of the Lancastrians were defeated, and King Henry VI and Queen Margaret fled the country (the king was soon caught and imprisoned in the Tower).

Edward with his brother the Duke of York in the Tower. Painting by Paul Delaroche, 19th century The fighting resumed in 1470, when the Earl of Warwick and the Duke of Clarence (Edward IV's younger brother), who had gone over to the side of the Lancastrians, returned Henry VI to the throne. Edward IV with his other brother the Duke of Gloucester fled to Burgundy, from where they returned in 1471. The Duke of Clarence again went over to his brother's side - and the Yorkists won victories at Barnet and Tewkesbury. In the first of these battles, the Earl of Warwick was killed, in the second, Prince Edward, the only son of Henry VI, was killed, which, together with the death (probably murder) of Henry himself that followed in the same year in the Tower, was the end of the Lancastrian dynasty.

Edward IV - the first king of the York dynasty - reigned peacefully until his death, which followed unexpectedly for everyone in 1483, when his son Edward V became king for a short time. Edward IV - king England in 1461-1470 and 1471-1483, a representative of the York Plantagenet line, seized the throne during the War of the Scarlet and White Roses. Edward V - King of England from April 9 to June 25, 1483, son of Edward IV; not crowned

The King's Council declared him illegitimate and Edward IV's brother Richard of Gloucester was crowned Richard III the same year. His short and dramatic reign was filled with opposition. In this struggle, the king was initially lucky, but the number of opponents only increased. Richard III - king England c 1483, from the York dynasty, the last representative of the male Plantagenet line on the English throne.

Henry VII - King of England and sovereign of Ireland (1485-1509), the first of the Tudor dynasty. In 1485 a Lancastrian force led by Henry Tudor landed in Wales. At the battle of Bosworth, Richard III was killed, and the crown passed to Henry Tudor, who was crowned as Henry VII, the founder of the Tudor dynasty. In 1487, Earl Lincoln (nephew of Richard III) tried to return the crown to the Yorks, but was killed at the Battle of Stoke Field.

August 22, 1485 - The War of the Scarlet and White Rose ends with the Battle of Bosworth. The pretender to the English throne, Henry Tudor, defeated King Richard III.

The results of the war The War of the Scarlet and White Roses actually drew a line under the English Middle Ages. On the battlefields, scaffolds and in prison casemates, not only all the direct descendants of the Plantagenets perished, but also a significant part of the English lords and chivalry. The accession of the Tudors in 1485 is considered the beginning of the New Age in English history.

War of the Scarlet and White Rose Name history

The project was completed

6th grade students

MAOU secondary school Romanovo village

Budyak Georgy Maslova Olesya

Komar Andrey Vaitkaite Arina

Head: Muzipova Varvara Alekseevna

Objective of the project

Project objectives

• Learn the history of the War of the Scarlet and White Roses
• Get acquainted with the heraldic emblem of the Lancasters
• Get acquainted with the heraldic emblem of the Yorks
• Draw a conclusion about the heraldic emblem of the Tudors

Explore one of major events in the history of England to determine the meaning of its name

War of the Roses: what is behind the poetic name?

Under this name, the war in England between two dynasties - the Lancasters and the Yorks - went down in history. The feudal lords were divided into two warring groups, each supporting one of the noble families who fought among themselves for the throne. So in the coat of arms of one family - the Lancasters - there was a scarlet rose, a white rose - in the coat of arms of those who disputed their crown, the York dynasty. This war was called the war of the scarlet and white roses.

Name history

The name "War of the Roses" was not used during the course of the war. The term came into use in the 19th century with the publication of Anna of Geierstein by Sir Walter Scott, who chose the name based on a fictional scene in William Shakespeare's play Henry VII in which the opposing sides choose roses of different colors in the Temple garden in London.

A scene in the Temple garden where supporters of the warring factions choose red and white roses

What exactly is the rose?

Rosa damascene Mill

rose damask- shrub up to 150–200 cm high of the rose family - Rosaceae .

Blooms in June. Fruits are extremely rare.

The life expectancy of the Damascus rose is 25-30 years. There are many of its subspecies, varieties, forms and varieties.

Uniting the Roses Outcome of the War

Success alternately passed to one, then to the other. The Wars of the Roses ended with the victory of Henry Tudor of the House of Lancaster, who founded a dynasty that ruled England and Wales for 117 years. The wedding was a symbolic end to the war: the winner Henry VII (scarlet) married the daughter of Edward IV (white). The Tudor dynastic coat of arms captured the union of two flowers that had competed for England for 30 years.

National symbol of England

Tudor rose, thistle and shamrock growing from the same stem - the heraldic emblem of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

Tudor rose "with a stem and a crown" - a personal heraldic emblem of the monarchs of Great Britain

The Tudor Rose is the universally recognized symbol of England.

Lancashire is a county of historical origin, part of the North West England region. The capital is Preston.

The word Lancashire comes from the name of the city of Lancaster, which, in turn, goes back to the Lane River.

As a symbol, the county uses the red rose of Lancaster.

Flag of Lancashire

Coat of arms of Lancashire

Yorkshire is the historic county of Northern England and the largest county in the United Kingdom. The county of Yorkshire was so named because it is the administrative area of ​​the city of York. The emblem of Yorkshire is the white rose of the English royal dynasty of Yorks.

Flag of Yorkshire

Coat of arms of Yorkshire

Let's draw conclusions

• Yorks and Lancasters are the names of two rival dynasties that have little in common with geographical names. The modern English counties of the same name do not relate to the described events in any way.

• The name of the war is wrong. The noisy quarrels of the great barons of that period were given such a resounding name many years later.

• As a result of the War of the Roses, a recognizable symbol of England appeared - the Tudor Rose

slide 2

War of the Scarlet and White Roses 1455-1485

The War of the Scarlet and the White Rose is an internecine war in England for the throne, between two branches of the Plantagenet dynasty: the Lancasters (in the coat of arms of a scarlet rose) and the Yorks (in the coat of arms of a white rose). The death in the war of the main representatives of both dynasties and a significant part of the nobility facilitated the establishment of Tudor absolutism.

Lancaster Yorkies

slide 3

War of the Scarlet and White Rose

Margarita French (Valois)

Henry VI - the third and last king of England from the Lancaster dynasty

The cause of the war was the dissatisfaction of a significant part of English society with the failures in the Hundred Years War and the policy pursued by the wife of King Henry VI, Queen Margaret and his favorites.

slide 4

Richard of York was the first to declare that the royal power in the hands of a woman is an absolutely unacceptable thing. And the fact that this woman is also a Frenchwoman, in his understanding, made the queen the first enemy of the state. Richard of York demanded guardianship, that is, a regency over the incapacitated king, and after his death, the English crown.

The beginning of the war

Richard Plantagenet 3rd Duke of York

slide 5

The basis for this claim was that Henry VI was the great-grandson of John of Gaunt, the fourth son of King Edward III, and York was the great-grandson of Lionel of the third son of this king (in the female line, in the male line he was the grandson of Edmund, the fifth son of Edward III), moreover, the fact that the grandfather of Henry the Sixth, Henry the Fourth Lancaster forced King Richard II to abdicate by force, seizing power in 1399, called into question the legitimacy of the entire royal dynasty of Lancaster.

Richard II of England (1377-1399), representative of the Plantagenet dynasty, grandson of King Edward III

slide 6

War of the Scarlet and White Rose

In 1455, Richard of York defeated the Lancastrian army, took King Henry the Sixth himself prisoner and forced the Upper House of Parliament to recognize himself as regent and heir to the throne. Of course, Queen Margarita did not agree with this decision, who fled north and soon returned to England with an army of many thousands. At the Battle of Wakefield, Richard was killed and his paper crowned head was put on display in York.

Slide 7

The son of the murdered Richard of York, Edward, in 1461, with the support of the Earl of Warwick, gathered an army and defeated the Lancasters, forcing Margaret to flee again to Scotland. Henry the Sixth was deposed, and Edward was crowned at Westminster as the new English monarch under the name of Edward the Fourth. The weak-minded King Henry was imprisoned in the Tower, and Edward's fanatical desire to strengthen his power, while weakening the power of his barons, only led to the fact that his former supporters sided with Henry the Sixth.

King of England 1461-1470 and 1471-1483, representative of the Plantagenet line of York, seized the throne during the War of the Scarlet and White Roses

Slide 8

The fighting resumed in 1470, when the Earl of Warwick and the Duke of Clarence (Edward IV's younger brother), who went over to the side of the Lancastrians, returned Henry VI to the throne. Edward IV fled to Burgundy with his other brother, the Duke of Gloucester. A year later, Edward returned with an army and won victories at Barnet and Tewkesberry. In the first of these battles, the Earl of Warwick was killed, in the second, Prince Edward, the only son of Henry VI, was killed, which, together with the death (probably murder) of Henry himself that followed in the same year in the Tower, put an end to the Lancastrian dynasty.

Slide 9

After the death of Edward, the throne was to be inherited by his eldest son, Edward the Fifth. However, the king's council declared him illegitimate and Richard of Gloucester, the late king's younger brother, removed him from power. He declared himself protector, and later heir to the throne, subsequently ordering Edward and his younger brother to be imprisoned in the Tower, where they were put to death.

Richard III - King of England c 1483, from the York dynasty, the last representative of the male Plantagenet line on the English throne

Slide 10

End of the war

Richard III tried to pursue a wise policy, trying to restore the country after thirty years of military devastation. His actions were not to the liking of many feudal lords. At the battle of Bosworth, at the most crucial moment, the supporters of Richard III betrayed him by going over to the side of the enemy. As a result, Richard III was killed and Henry Tudor became king (he was the great-great-grandson of John of Gaunt in the female line). Henry Tudor, combined the Scarlet and White roses in his coat of arms, and married the daughter of Edward the Fourth, Elizabeth.

slide 11

The results of the war

1) The War of the Scarlet and White Roses was the last rampage of feudal anarchy before the establishment of absolutism in England. 2) Both dynasties were exhausted and perished in the struggle. The war brought strife, oppression of taxes, theft of the treasury, the lawlessness of large feudal lords, the decline of trade, direct robberies and requisitions to the population of England. 3) The War of the Scarlet and White Roses actually drew a line under the English Middle Ages. It continued the changes in feudal English society, including the weakening of the feudal power of the nobility and the strengthening of the position of the merchant class, as well as the rise of a strong, centralized monarchy under the leadership of the Tudor dynasty. The accession of the Tudors in 1485 is considered the beginning of the New Age in English history.

slide 12

Thank you for your attention!