Division by syllables in Russian. Rules for dividing words into syllables

The problem of dividing words into syllables in Russian is one of the most difficult in modern linguistics and not fully resolved. This is due to the lack of a common understanding of the essence of the syllable. The impossibility to fix the signs of a syllable as a whole, the phonetic lack of expression of the border between syllables leads some linguists to the idea that there is no syllable division in the Russian language at all.

Now there are two main theories of syllables: R. I. Avanesova (Moscow Phonological School) and L. V. Shcherba (Leningrad Phonological School). The rules for division into syllables in these two theories are somewhat different. The Leningrad school divides into syllables in the way that is habitual to the ear of a Soviet citizen and as was previously taught in all Russian schools (and therefore its rules are called "old" by the people), while the Moscow one is completely different ("new rules").

But since on this moment none of these schools has refuted the other, in different textbooks the rules of syllable division can be formulated in different ways, depending on the position of which phonological school the author of the textbook shares.

If earlier we divided words into syllables and transferred these words according to the same rule, we adhered to Shcherba's theory. In Avanesov's theory, these processes are controlled by 2 different rules and the division of a word into syllables often does not coincide with the division into parts of a word (prefix, root, suffix, ending) and with the division of a word for transfer. So, the word cat should be divided into syllables according to Shcherba's theory like this: cat-ka, according to Avanesov's theory like this: cat-shka.

For example, the word calculated is divided into morphemes ras-count-a-nn-th (ras is a prefix, count is a root; a, nn are suffixes; y is an ending).

The same word, when transferred, is divided as follows: calculated.

According to Avanesov, the word is divided into syllables as follows: calculated.

Rules for dividing words into syllables in Russian (Moscow school. Litnevskaya E. I. Russian language: A short theoretical course for schoolchildren. M., 2006)

1. There are as many syllables in a word as there are vowels; two vowels cannot be within the same syllable.

A syllable is one sound or several sounds pronounced with one expiratory push of air: wow, wow. Consonants are non-syllabic. When pronouncing a word, consonants "stretch" to vowels, forming a syllable together with vowels.

2. The syllable may consist of one sound (and then it is necessarily a vowel) or several sounds (in this case, in addition to the vowel, there is a consonant or a group of consonants in the syllable): rim - o-bo-doc; country - country; night light - night light; miniature - mi-ni-a-tu-ra.

3. Syllables are open and closed.

. An open syllable ends in a vowel sound: water, country.

. A closed syllable ends in a consonant: sleep, liner.

There are more open syllables in Russian. Closed syllables are usually observed at the end of a word: no-chnik (the first syllable is open, the second is closed), o-bo-dok (the first two syllables are open, the third is closed).

In the middle of a word, a syllable, as a rule, ends in a vowel sound, and a consonant or a group of consonants after a vowel usually goes to the next syllable: no-chnik, announcer.

In the middle of a word, closed syllables can form only unpaired voiced consonants [th], [p], [p'], [l], [l'], [m], [m'], [n], [n'] (sonorous): may-ka, Sonya-ka, so-scrap-ka.

4. Sometimes two consonants can be written in a word, and one sound, for example: get rid of [izh: yt ']. Therefore, in this case two syllables stand out: i-to live. The division into parts from-live corresponds to the rules of word hyphenation, and not to division into syllables.

The same can be traced on the example of the verb to leave, in which the combination of consonants zzh sounds like one sound [zh:]; therefore, the division into syllables will be - u-e-give, and the division of the word for transfer - leave-reap.

Especially often errors are observed when syllables are distinguished from forms of verbs ending in -tsya, -tsya. The division of curl-sya, presses-sya is a division into parts for transfer, and not a division into syllables, since in such forms the combination of letters ts, ts sounds like one sound [ts]. When dividing into syllables, the combinations of the letters ts, ts go entirely to the next syllable: vi-tsya, zhmo-tsya.

5. When combining several consonants in the middle of a word:

. two identical consonants necessarily go to the next syllable: o-leak, yes;

. two or more consonants usually go to the next syllable: sha-pka, equal.
The exception is consonant combinations in which the first is an unpaired voiced (sonorant): the letters p, p, l, l, m, m, n, n, y: mark-ka, dawn-ka, bul-ka, stel-ka, lady-ka, ban-ka, ban-ka, lay-ka. That is, if a sonorous consonant is followed by a paired consonant in deafness / voicedness, the syllable boundary passes between them. Example: Spar-so.

To summarize the rule more intelligibly:

Words are "chopped" into syllables after each vowel. How many vowels, so many syllables.

BUT: if after the vowel there are p, p, l, l, m, m, n, n, d, and behind them there are more steam room consonant, they (sonor and sonorant with b) go to the previous syllable.

If these consonants are 2 identical (nn, mm, ll ..., 2 any sonorous, paired, first paired then unpaired), they go to the next syllable.

In order not to get confused, refresh your head and

How to determine how many syllables are in a word? There are as many syllables in a word as there are vowels in it.

Examples of words with one syllable: sound, wolf, class, goose, hedgehog, elephant, beetle, spruce, beast, snake, table, mushroom, leaf, door, chair, house, elk, speech, stump, bison, cat, edge.
Examples of words with two syllables: answer, vowel, bear, pit, stork, lesson, tongue, hare, hares, anchor, hedgehog, autumn, spinning top, walnut, snake, fox, hawk, friends, kettle, squirrel, wasp, long, blow, Russian, window, Jura, watermelon, seagull, iron, willow, Christmas tree, notebook, carrot, fire, duck, skates, ear, school, bee, fly, June, box, blizzard, hoarfrost, boy, glass, days, fairy tale, blizzard, Julia, Yasha, deer, sun, family.
Words with 3 syllables: teacher, cucumber, harvest, berry, what, apple, vegetables, sparrow, consonant, parrot, student, shock, trees, pencil, Maria, alphabet, butterfly, line, saucepan, Russia, large, copybook, alley, Christmas tree.
Words with four syllables: monkey, bicycle, acacia.
Words with 5 syllables: stress, mathematics, literature, white-headed.

Shall we practice dividing into syllables?

How many syllables are in the word sound? 1 vowel means 1 syllable sound.

How many syllables are in the word CUCUMBER? 3 vowels means 3 syllables: o|gu|rets, the word is divided into syllables equally according to the "old" and "new" rules.

How many syllables are in the word teacher? 3 vowels, means 3 syllables: u|chi|tel, the word is divided into syllables equally according to the "old" and "new" rules.

How many syllables are in the word ANSWER? 2 vowels means 2 syllables. According to Shcherba's theory, we divide into syllables as an answer, according to Avanesov, an answer.

How many syllables are in the word vowel? 2 vowels means 2 syllables. According to Shcherba we divide the vowel, according to Avanesov we divide the vowel.

We will be happy to help you divide any word into syllables. Ask your questions in the comments:

When someone starts learning to read or learn any foreign language, he first needs to learn the letters. Then syllables are built from the studied letters, later words, sentences, and so on. And although it often seems that the syllable is just another tiny step on the way to learning the secrets of the language and that it is very small and plays an insignificant role, a lot depends on the ability to correctly divide words and transfer them. Therefore, it is very important to know the rule of division into syllables, because without this a person cannot fully master the letter.

Slog - what is it

Before you learn how to divide into syllables, you should understand what it is. A syllable is the smallest spoken unit of speech consisting of one or more sounds. In other words, a syllable can be called a combination of sounds that is pronounced in one breath.

In Russian and English, only vowels (they are called syllabic) have the ability to create a syllable, so their number in a word is equal to the number of syllables. For example, in the name "Ma-ri-ya" there are 3 vowel sounds, and therefore, the word is divided into three syllables.

Why do you need a syllable

Despite the apparent simplicity, the most prominent linguists have been studying the syllable for many years. Some of them theorized that the syllable meant nothing. However, they were wrong. Unlike dividing a word for hyphenation, which helps to write correctly, dividing words into syllables is not so important for spelling. But the words of a person depend on him, and this is of great importance when studying foreign language. So, in English, the type of syllable affects the pronunciation of vowels. In the native language, this contributes to beautiful and competent speech. In addition, do not forget about the huge role played by syllables in versification. After all, all systems of versification are based on their certain properties.

Types of Russian syllables by location and structure

To master the rule of division into syllables, you need to know what types of it exist in a particular language being studied. In Russian, types of syllables are distinguished by their location in the word, by the structure of the syllable, in relation to stress and sonority (tone).

So, according to the location, syllables are divided into: initial, middle and final.

By structure, syllables are divided into types:

1) Open - ends in For example, the word "Ka-te-ri-na" consists of four syllables, they all end in vowels, so all these syllables are open.

2) Closed - ends in a consonant sound. For example, the word "Mar-ga-ri-ta" has four vowels, which means four syllables. The first one ends in the consonant "r" and is closed, all the rest - in vowels and are open.

It is worth noting that in Russian the lion's share is made up of open syllables, thanks to which speech sounds very pleasant. At the same time, there are many closed ones in the Russian language.

Depending on which letter is at the beginning of a syllable, covered (with a consonant) and uncovered (with a vowel) types are distinguished. For example, the word "ar-booz", in this case, the first syllable is open, and the second is covered.

Types of Russian syllables in relation to stress and sonority

By stress, the syllables of the Russian language, as well as in most others, are divided into stressed and unstressed. You can also distinguish between pre-shock and shock.

By sonority distinguish:

1) Constant sonority - in such syllables there is only one letter: “A-sya”.

2) Ascending sonority - such a syllable consists of two or more letters, in which the degree of sonority increases from consonant to vowel. In the same example "A-sya", in the second syllable the sonority increases from "s" to "a".

3) Descending sonority - in this syllable, sonority falls from a vowel to a consonant. This characteristic is most suitable for closed syllables. In the name "Ba-khti-yar", the first two syllables are with an ascending sonority, and the last one with a descending one.

4) Ascending-descending - at first the sonority increases, and by the end of the syllable it becomes descending: "Sparta".

5) Descending-ascending - at the beginning of the syllable, the sonority falls, and then rises again: “acre”.

The main types of syllables in English

As for the Russian language, English is characterized by the division of syllables (syllable) into stressed (stress falls) and unstressed (stress does not fall). However, for the British language, this is more important than for ours, because there are only six vowels. in English transmit as many as twenty-four sounds - each letter has four reading options and it is the type stressed syllable determines what sound the letter will convey in this case.

Syllables in English are divided into six types:

1) Closed (closed) - ends in a consonant (with the exception of "r").

In such a syllable, the vowel sound is read briefly, a striking example is the well-known word "dog", consisting of one closed syllable.

2) Open (open) - as in Russian, the syllable ends in a vowel, and it is read in the same way as it is presented in the alphabet. For example, the word "ze-ro" has two open syllables.

3) With an unpronounceable "e" (silent-e) - this letter is not pronounced, although it creates a syllable. Its main role is to give the main vowel of the word a longer sound: "smi-le" - two syllables, with one pronounced vowel. Some linguists combine this type with the previous one.

4) With a stressed vowel and “r” (r-controlled) - in this syllable, the consonant “r” is not readable, but signals that the vowel in front of it will be long: “warm”.

5) With a group of vowels (vowel team) - such a syllable consists of several vowels, which are most often pronounced as one long sound and mean one syllable (“clean”), sometimes as a short (“bread”), and sometimes even two sounds ( boy). This type is due to the peculiarities of the English language and has no analogues in Russian.

6) With a consonant and "le" (consonant + le) - this type of syllable can only be distinguished in polysyllabic words, for example, "little". When pronouncing "e", it becomes deaf, so sometimes this species is not distinguished as a separate one, but is combined with silent-e.

To memorize all types of English syllables, the mnemonic word "CLOVER" is used.

Additional types of syllables in English

It is worth noting that along with the main types of syllables, additional ones are sometimes distinguished in the English language. These include the seventh type of syllable - with an unpronounceable "r" after the vowel under stress and before "e" (vowel + re), where "r" is not pronounced, for example, in "fire".

Also, sometimes a species with diphthongs is separated from the vowel team species, for example, “look”.

Rules for dividing into syllables in Russian

In our language, dividing words into syllables is much easier than in English, since there are no unpronounceable vowels. The main principle is: how many vowels in a word - so many syllables. For example, the division into syllables “language” occurs like this “I-language”, there are two syllables in the word, but when transferred, the word will become an inseparable syllable and it cannot be transferred.

A syllable can consist of one (if it is a vowel) or more letters. If there is more than one letter in it, then it will necessarily begin with a consonant, that is, it will be covered. For example, the name "Julia" is divided by "Yu-li-ya" and not "Yul-i-ya".

When there are several consonants in a row in a word (it doesn't matter whether they are paired or not), they will refer to the next syllable - they will create a covered syllable. For example, “o-bre-che-ny”, the first letter “e” pulled the combination “br” to itself, but the next “e” was able to pull “h” to itself to make a covered syllable, and “s” got a paired letter combination "nn".

However, if the combination of letters begins with a sonorant (m, m, l, l, n, n, p, p, d), then given sound refers to the previous vowel ("va-ler-yan-ka"). Except in cases with paired sonorants (“capillary”), which, like any, are not separated.

If there are combinations of consonants in a word that sound like one sound (for example, “ts” / “ts”, which is pronounced like [c] or “zzh” - long [zh]), then they cannot be separated, they are entirely related to the following syllable: "we-tsya." But it is worth noting that in this case the division into syllables and the rules for word hyphenation will be radically different. The same example of "wash" when dividing for transfer will look like this "wash-sya".

In Russian, most syllables are open and, as a rule, are in the middle of the word (“Ma-ri-na”). Closed syllables are almost always at the end ("Vla-di-mir"). The exceptions are closed ones, which end in an unpaired sonorant sound (“I-mai-ka”), they can be in the middle of a word.

Rules for dividing into syllables in English

Oddly enough for English, in this language there are clear rules on the issue of syllables.

Like the Russian language, the number of vowels equals the number of syllables. Therefore, the word "car" consists of one syllable, as well as the word "like", although the "i" in this case means two sounds, and the "e" at the end of the word is generally silent. This example illustrates the second rule of division into syllables - silent vowels cannot create syllables, just like one vowel in a diphthong ("speech" - the diphthong "ee" is pronounced as one sound long [i], and therefore the whole word is one syllable ).

Unlike the Russian language, in English any consonants, including paired ones, are always separated: “din-ner”. The exceptions are digraphs (a combination of several consonant letters that are pronounced as one sound) "ch", "sh", "th", "wh", "ph".

A consonant between two vowels always refers to the next vowel ("e-vil"), unless that consonant is very short ("cab-in").

The consonant before "le" ([l]) attracts the previous consonant: "a-ble", with the exception of the combination "ck" - "tick-le".

As for compound words, here the division of words into syllables (the rule is similar to the Russian language) also occurs according to the basics (“house-boad”). You can also separate suffixes and prefixes ("re-write", "teach-er"). With paired consonants that arose on the border of the root and the suffix "ing" due to the addition of this suffix ("stop-ping"), they are separated.

Russian words

It would seem that the rules for division into syllables and for transfer should be the same, but very often this is not the case. The fact is that division for transfer is based on other principles, although many of them are similar to the principles of syllable division.

The main difference is the violation of the principle “number of vowels = number of syllables”, since when dividing a word for transfer, one letter cannot be torn off, including “b”, “y”, “b” or a vowel. For example, if you divide the word “Na-ta-li-ya” by syllables, then four syllables will come out, but if you transfer only three syllables “Na-ta-liya” are obtained.

When there are several consonants in a row in a word, you can separate them to your taste: both “te-kstu-ra” and “tek-stu-ra”.

Abbreviation words (“NIINUINU”) are forbidden to be transferred, but those consisting of several bases can be divided according to the bases (“special clothing”).

When two identical consonants that are between two vowels coincide, they are separated (“be-zi-myan-ny”). If one of the paired consonants is part of the root, and the other is part of the suffix, then they are left together: "classes", but "classy".

The consonant at the end of the root before the suffix should not be torn off, although this rule is not strict: "Voronezh".

It is forbidden to tear off the last consonant of the prefix from it: “bring it down”. In the case when the root begins with a vowel, the prefix itself (“no-failure”) is separated, since the first vowel cannot be torn off from the root, as well as “s” before the root, after the prefix (“search”).

Principles of hyphenation of words by syllables in English

As you know, the main feature of this language is that most of the words in it are not written according to clear rules, but according to tradition. Therefore, there are often more exceptions than the rules themselves. The same principle applies to the rule of division into syllables. Since there are no official instructions on this subject in the grammar of the English language, everyone is guided by examples of word hyphenation recorded in well-known dictionaries.

Most modern English dictionaries offer to transfer words according to the phonetic principle, that is, based on the division of words into syllables. This rule allows a change in the place of transfer, when the pronunciation changes: "bi-o-lo-gi-cal", but "bi-ol-o-gist". Such instability does not allow us to formulate a clear rule for the transfer of suffixes and prefixes of the English language. In particular, one of the most common suffixes "ed" and "ing", which are most often transferred, but in some cases are inseparable. Because of this confusion and nuance, most online services don't translate English words at all.

Despite all this, there are several general principles, which will help you figure out how to transfer a particular English word.

1) If the letter combination vowel + consonant + vowel sounds like one syllable, then it will be transferred like this (especially typical for the silent “e”): “cake”.

2) If after a vowel with a short sound there are several consonants, then the transfer is made after the first of them: “his-torical”.

3) The transfer of the suffix "ing" is carried out according to the same principle as in syllable division.

4) With vowel diphthongs and long vowels at the end of a syllable, transfer is made immediately after them: “sea-son”

5) Transfer is placed after a short vowel (if it is followed by one consonant or digraphs "ch", "sh", "th", "wh", "ph"): "per-il".

6) In most cases, prefixes and suffixes in English owls are separated during transfer: “me-morial”.

7) Compound words are transferred in the same way as they are divided into syllables - according to their constituent bases.

8) Homonyms (words with different meanings, but the same spelling) can be transferred differently, depending on the meaning, so you need to be careful: “re-cord”, but “rec-ord”.

For both Russian and English, syllables are of great importance. The rules for division into syllables and the transfer of words for them are in many ways very similar to each other, although they have a number of differences due to the characteristics of each. It is worth noting that, knowing the basic rules, understanding their nature and features, in many cases, by analogy, they can be transferred to another language.

Words are divided into syllables. Syllable- this is one sound or several sounds uttered by one expiratory push of air.

Wed: wow, wow.

1. In Russian, there are sounds that are different in audibility: vowels are more sonorous compared to consonants.

Exactly vowels form syllables, are syllable-forming.

Consonants are non-syllable. When pronouncing a word, consonants "stretch" to vowels, forming a syllable together with vowels.

2. A syllable can consist of one sound (and then it is necessarily a vowel!) or several sounds (in this case, in addition to the vowel, the syllable has a consonant or a group of consonants).

Rim - o-bo-dock; country - country; night light - night light; miniature - mi-ni-a-tu-ra.

3. Syllables are open and closed.

open syllable ends in a vowel sound.

Yes, country.

Closed syllable ends in a consonant.

Sleep, liner.

There are more open syllables in Russian. Closed syllables are usually seen at the end of a word.

Wed: night-timer(the first syllable is open, the second is closed), oh-bo-doc(the first two syllables are open, the third is closed).

In the middle of a word, a syllable usually ends in a vowel, and a consonant or group of consonants after a vowel usually goes to the next syllable!

Night-timer, tell me, announcer.

Note!

Sometimes two consonants can be written in a word, and one sound, for example: get rid of[izh: yt ']. Therefore, in this case, two syllables are distinguished: and-live.
Division into parts out-live complies with the rules of word hyphenation, not division into syllables!

The same can be seen in the example of the verb leave, in which the combination of consonants zzh sounds like one sound [zh:]; so the division into syllables will be - leave, and division into parts for transfer - leave.

Especially often errors are observed when syllables are distinguished from verb forms ending in -tsya, -tsya.

• Division twist-sya, presses-sya is a division into parts for transfer, and not a division into syllables, since in such forms the combination of letters ts, ts sounds like one sound [ts].


• When dividing into syllables, combinations of the letters ts, ts go entirely to the next syllable: see, wait.

In the middle of a word, closed syllables can form only unpaired voiced consonants: [j], [p], [p '], [l], [l '], [m], [m '], [n], [n ' ].

May-ka, Sonya-ka, co-scrap-ka.

Note!

When combining several consonants in the middle of a word:

1) Two identical consonants necessarily go to the next syllable.

Oh-tt go, yes-nn.

2) Two or more consonants usually go to the next syllable.

Sha-pk a, ra-vn th.

An exception make up combinations of consonants in which the first is an unpaired voiced (letters p, p, l, l, m, m, n, n, d).

Mar-ka, dawn-ka, bul-ka, stel-ka, lady-ka, ban-ka, ban-ka, lay-ka.

4. The division into syllables often does not coincide with the division into parts of the word (prefix, root, suffix, ending) and with the division of the word into parts during transfer.

For example, the word calculated is divided into morphemes calculated (races- prefix, counts- root; a, n- suffixes; th- ending).
The same word, when transferred, is divided as follows: calculated.
The word is divided into syllables as follows: calculated.

Word hyphenation rules	Examples
1. As a rule, words are carried by syllables. The letters ъ, ь, й are not separated from the previous letters.	Razj-ride, blue-ka, my-ka.
2. You can not transfer or leave one letter on a line, even if it denotes a syllable.	Oh bo-doc; words autumn, name cannot be split for transfer.
3. When transferring, you cannot tear off the final consonant from the prefix.	From - flow, once - pour.
4. When transferring, you cannot tear off the first consonant from the root.	Po-to rip, pri-to rip.
5. When hyphenating words with double consonants, one letter remains on the line, while the other is hyphenated.	Ran-n-y, ter-r-or, van-n-a.
6. The letter s after the prefix cannot be torn off from the root, but the part of the word that begins with the letter s should not be transferred.	Times - say.

A syllable is the smallest pronunciation unit in Russian. It may consist of one or more sounds.

Pupils of schools and students of philological areas often face tasks from the category: "Divide words into syllables." It would seem that to cope with such a task is very easy. However, people often have a question: “How to properly divide words into syllables?”.

In the article you will find the answer to this question. Get acquainted with the basic rules and learn the words into syllables.

Difficulties of the syllable

Usually there are no problems with breaking into syllables simple words. Any of us will be able to cope with the syllable division of the noun "water". But how to divide a word into syllables if it is complex in its composition?

Take, for example, the participle "considered." How to correctly draw a syllable section: “ras-smo-tri-ny”, “ra-smo-tri-ny”, “ra-smo-tri-ny”? The correct answer is the third option, but why? In order to understand, let's get acquainted with the basic rules for dividing a word into syllables.

Basic rules of the syllable section

The first thing to remember is that the number of syllables in a word is equal to the sum of the vowels that make up it. The boundaries of a syllable section often do not coincide with morpheme division, therefore, when parsing, it is necessary to rely on the following rules:

• vowel sounds are syllable-forming in Russian;
• a syllable cannot contain more than one vowel;
• a syllable may consist of a single vowel sound (o-vod) or a combination of vowels and consonants. A syllable consisting of two or more sounds always begins with a consonant;
• all syllables in Russian strive for openness.

Open and closed syllables

In order to determine how to divide a word into syllables correctly, it is necessary to be able to distinguish them by type. All syllables in modern Russian are divided into two types: open and closed.

An open syllable always ends in (pro-vo-yes, go-lo-va, pe-le-na). It can occur at the beginning, middle, or end of a word.

A closed syllable ends in a consonant. Most often it appears at the end of a word (bow, smog, famine). Also, a closed syllable can be formed if in the middle of the word there is (sil-ki, wolf-ki, tank-ki).

If a group of several consonants occurs in the middle of a word, they usually go to the beginning of the syllable, leaving the previous one open (di-who-background, on-call-ni-e, re-da-kti-ro-va-ni-e).

Features of the syllable section

The syllable division in Russian obeys not only the law of an open syllable, but also the law of ascending sonority. The bottom line is that the syllables in the word are arranged in ascending order: from less sonorous to more. Several rules follow from this. They will tell you how to properly divide words into syllables:

1. If a consonant is found in a word that stands between two vowels, it goes to the next syllable (that-pot, pu-le-met, you-water, and-ko-na, ka-li-na);
2. The combination of several noisy ones (all consonants except sonorants) is assigned to the next syllable (e-zda, ru-chka, mo-li-tva, ka-li-tka);
3. A group of noisy and sonorous consonants is ranked as the second syllable in turn (important, so-pro-ti-vle-ni-e, o-smy-follow-ni-e);
4. Several sonorant consonants that stand between vowels in one word are assigned to the next syllable (a-lmaz, a-rmi-ya, in my opinion);
5. In combinations of sonorous and noisy between vowels, the first sound goes to the syllable in front of it (impossible, half-ka, min-ka, mer-tsa-ni-e, thief-si-nka);
6. Repeating consonants go to the syllable following them (in-burn, Rossi-ya, ko-lo-nna, a-lle-ya);
7. If a word contains "y" before a sonorant or noisy one, it is assigned to the previous syllable (my-va, lei-ka, ka-na-rei-ka, te-lo-grey-ka).

Remembering these rules is not difficult, but they will help you easily determine how to divide a word into syllables correctly.

Algorithm for executing a syllable section

We have analyzed a theory that will help us divide words into syllables. Now let's move on to the practical part. To successfully determine how many syllables are in a word, a simple plan will help us:

1. Write the word given in the task on a separate sheet.
2. Determine how many vowels are included in its composition.
3. Draw an initial syllable section after each vowel.
4. See if there are difficult places in the word: groups of consonants, sonorants or doubled sounds.
5. If there is, change the syllable boundary according to the rules.

It should be remembered that syllable hyphenation and syllable division are not equal to each other. is carried out on the basis of the morphemic We cannot separate the letter from the prefix or suffix.

Dividing a word into syllables allows you to split whole morphemes into parts in accordance with the rules of the syllable section. For example, consider the verb "raise". For transfer, it will be divided as follows: “under-no-mother”. The division into syllables will be different: “by-days-mother”.

by syllables

Now many mothers are trying to teach their child to read as early as possible. One of the most effective ways in this case is reading by syllables. You can’t explain to a kid how to divide a word into syllables using complex rules. Therefore, game methods are used.

You can start working with your child from the age of one. Exercises aimed at developing reading skills help improve memory and develop abstract thinking. They teach the child to think logically, to compare. In addition, classes can be turned into a fun game.

First, learn the alphabet with your child. This will help books with bright pictures, cubes. Boards on which you can fix multi-colored letters.

Then explain that there are vowels and the vowels are long and loud. Consonants are short and dull. Tell your baby that the stressed syllable lasts the longest.

Say a few simple words out loud and ask your child to identify which sound is stressed. Choose nouns that your child is familiar with. Words suitable for training: "soap", "water", "hand", "leg", "face", "body".

Explain that the number of vowels corresponds to the number of syllables. If the child already knows how to count, try with him to find out how many vowels are in these words: "carrot", "onion", "plate", "cabbage", "toy", "TV".

Having introduced the child to the basics, proceed to the game exercises.

Make cards with syllables for each consonant of the alphabet. In order to systematize the technique, place the combinations of consonants and vowels in the same order on each card. For example: "ma, me, we, mi, mo, me, mu, mu."

Give the child a card, have him look at the syllables while you read them out loud, and repeat. This exercise will help develop visual memory. Over time, the child will be able to recognize the syllables and pronounce them without your help.

Make signs on which combinations of letters will be written. Ask the child to make a word out of them and read it. To begin with, offer him cards with the syllables "ma", "pa". Let the kid make up the words he knows well: “mom” and “dad”.

Try to come up with different games for the baby to stir up interest. For example, invite him to send one letter to visit another and see what happens.

Going from simple to complex

When the child has mastered the basics, begin to complicate the tasks. At the same time, continue to conduct classes in a playful way.

Give your child a few words that differ in only one letter. Let him determine what is the difference between them. For example, the words: "soap" and "cute", "house" and "smoke".

Choose a dozen words that have two syllables. Each syllable will require one card. Shuffle the papers and ask the child to make words out of them. Suitable nouns "frame", "mother", "dad", "cottage", "hand", "leg", "face", "soap", "body", "meat".

Teach your child to hyphenate. To do this, write down a few two-syllable words on a piece of paper in a column. Have the child draw a line after each vowel and then say it out loud, pausing briefly at the syllable section.

Take two sheets with the same text. Let it be a fairy tale or a small nursery rhyme. Ask your child to follow the words as you read. After a while, pause and ask the child where you left off.

Read with the baby short fairy tales by roles.

For activities of any kind, choose funny children's texts that arouse the interest of the child. It can be poems, fairy tales, small articles about animals. Ask them to retell what they have read. This will help develop the memory and speech of the baby.

Before starting classes, make sure that your child is ready to learn. He has formed speech, he can make up short stories. No pronunciation defects.

Start simple, gradually move on to complex. At each new lesson, repeat the material of the previous one.

Stick to game play. It will help you instill in your child a love of reading and a desire to learn.

Start learning syllables with the simplest combinations. Use words that are familiar to the child. Gradually increase the difficulty of your workouts.

Don't expect quick results from your child. He will learn to read gradually. First, let him learn one-syllable and two-syllable words. Pick up tasks with them until the baby begins to cope with "excellent".

When you are done with easy words, try to practice reading whole sentences by syllables. Gradually increase your reading.

The simple tips in this article will help you to easily and effectively teach your child to read by syllables. At the same time, the baby will spend time with pleasure, performing game tasks.

In addition to reading skills, memory, attentiveness, logical and abstract thinking, will expand the horizons of the child.

When studying phonetics, students from grade 1 not only characterize sounds, but also divide words into syllables. Dividing words into syllables is somewhat difficult, and now we will find out how to cope with the task without errors.

What is a syllable

A syllable is an element of a word that we pronounce on one push of air.

The syllable-forming sound in Russian is the vowel. That is, the syllable must necessarily have a vowel sound, it forms the basis.

Sometimes, if a word contains three or four consonants side by side and among them there is a sonorant [p] or [l], it takes on a syllable-forming function: Alexander, meaning. Then we pronounce the word with a slight overtone near the syllabic consonant. But at school, such a syllable is not accepted.

In addition to the vowel, consonants may appear in the syllable, but they may not be: autumn.

Syllables are open(ending in a vowel) and closed(end in a consonant).

Once in Russian there were only open syllables; in the process of language development, a number of vowels disappeared, the number of syllables decreased and some of them became closed.

How to divide into syllables

There are two phonological schools: Moscow and Leningrad. They have different rules for dividing words into syllables. Most often, school textbooks use the system proposed by R. I. Avanesov (Moscow Phonological School). From his point of view, the syllable division takes place in the place of the greatest difference in sonority. This means that open syllables predominate because the vowel is much more sonorous than almost any consonant. Example: ko-hundred-chka, Lu-dmi-la, just stop.

However, if a vowel is followed by a sonorant one (l, m, n, p, d), followed by a noisy one, then the difference in sonority between sonorant and noisy is greater than between the vowel and sonorant, and then the syllable division passes between sonorant and noisy: space.

Does the division of words into syllables and division for hyphenation coincide?

The division of a word into syllables is related to the phonetic (sound) analysis of the word. We divide the word for transfer, taking into account the division into syllables, but still according to morphemes. That is, the transfer, if possible, passes along the border of morphemes.

For example, if the word has a double consonant (laugh), when divided into syllables, the doubled consonant always goes to the next syllable (ra-ssme-i-s), when transferring, it is supposed to leave one letter on one line, and transfer the other (divide for transfer: laugh). The rule that a word is carried over by syllables means that a part of a word less than a syllable cannot be left or moved on a line.