Women's images in the poem "To whom it is good to live in Russia" by Nekrasov - an essay on Literature.

The image of a Russian woman, a difficult female lot, occupy a significant place in the work of Nekrasov. The heroines of his poems and poems were both simple peasant women and princesses. All of them created a unique image of Nekrasov's "stately Slav", in whose appearance folk ideas about a real beauty were embodied:

The beauty of the world marvelously,

Blush, slim, tall,

Beautiful in every dress

Dexterity for any work.

The Russian woman at Nekrasov is also distinguished by spiritual wealth. In the image of a Russian peasant woman, the poet showed a man of high moral qualities who does not lose faith, is not broken by any sorrows. Nekrasov sings of her resilience in life's trials, pride, dignity, care for her family and children.

These qualities of a Russian woman are most fully revealed in the image of Matryona Timofeevna Korchagina in the poem “Who should live well in Russia”. This woman herself from the pages of the poem tells us about her difficult fate. In her story, the everyday hardships of all Russian peasant women of that time: constant humiliation, separation from her husband, suffering of a mother who lost her son, eternal poverty ... But she can endure everything:

-Walked with anger in my heart,

And the Word did not say too much to anyone.

But Matrena Timofeevna did not lose her self-esteem, protest is also heard in her story (“They have no darling in their chest ... There is no cross on their neck!”). She compares the difficult female fate with three loops of white, red and black silk and tells the wanderers: “You didn’t start a business - look for a happy woman among the women!”

Three heavy shares had fate,

And the first share: to marry a slave,

The second is to be the mother of the son of a slave,

And the third - to obey the slave to the grave,

And all these formidable shares lay down

On the woman of the Russian land.

Caring for the family, raising children, housework and in the field, even the hardest work - all this lay on Daria. But she did not break under this weight. In the image of Daria Nekrasov showed the best features of a Russian woman, in which external attractiveness was combined with internal moral wealth.

This is what the poet admires. He says about Russian peasant women that "the dirt of the miserable situation does not seem to stick to them." Such a woman "endures both hunger and cold." There is still room in her soul for compassion. Daria went many versts behind a miraculous icon that could cure her husband, and Matryona Timofeevna forgives Savely the bogatyr for his oversight, which led to the death of her child.

The heroine Nekrasova is capable of a moral feat. This is also confirmed by the images of the princesses Trubetskoy and Volkonskaya, created in the poem "Russian Women". In this poem, Nekrasov sang the feat of the wives of the Decembrists, who shared the sad fate of their husbands. We see how all the governor’s arguments in a conversation with Princess Trubetskoy (“Let it be your husband - he’s to blame ... But you have to endure ... why?”, “You run after him. Like a pitiful slave”) are broken against the hardness of the accepted princess solutions. In a difficult moment, she should be next to her husband. And no hardships on this path will stop her. The same can be said about Princess Volkonskaya, whose life is full of "sad losses." “I shared joy with him, I have to share the prison too ... So it pleases the sky! ..” - says the heroine. In her words - both love and a sense of duty.

The fact that Nekrasov replaced the original title of the poem "Decembrists" with the generalized "Russian Women" speaks for itself. The best qualities inherent in the heroines of this poem - fortitude, the ability to sacrifice oneself, will - these are the features of a Russian woman, no matter what social class she belongs to. The poet pays tribute to the moral beauty and feat of the Russian woman:

Oh my mother, I am moved by you,

You saved a living soul in me.

Shigabuddinov Ruslan Aidarovich

Research work on the topic: "Images of Russian women in the works of Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov"

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Municipal budgetary educational institution"Shuban basic comprehensive school"

Research work on the topic:

"Images of Russian women in the works of N.A. Nekrasov"

Completed by: 7th grade student Ruslan Shigabuddinov

Scientific adviser: teacher of the Russian language

and Literature Gilmutdinova L.N..

2013

1. Introduction. The value of female images in literature………………………………………………2
2. Main part. The image of a Russian woman in the poetry of N.A. Nekrasov.

2.1. “You saved a living soul in me…”……………………………………………………..…3

2.2.Katerina from the poem "Pedlars"……………………………………………………….4

2.3. “The keys to female happiness are lost in God himself”………………………………..…6

2.4. The image of Daria in the poem “Frost, Red Nose”…………………………………………..…7

2.5. "Russian Women" - a poem about the wives of the Decembrists………………………………..…....9

1. Conclusion……………………………………………………………………….…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
2. List of references…………………………………………………………………………………………………………15

In many works by N. A. Nekrasov, Russian women are the main characters. With exhaustive completeness and clarity, in images and pictures that amaze with their truthfulness and strength, Nekrasov depicted thoughts and feelings, work and struggle, everyday suffering and rare joys of a Russian woman.

Nekrasov showed the wonderful characters of Russian women. He compared their fate with the future life, portrayed the hard work of peasant women on corvee. A whole era of social development was reflected in his poetry. Nekrasov was the poetic leader of the generation of the 60-70s of the XIX century. The poet brought poetry closer to the people, introduced new themes and images into literature. His works remain relevant today.

The theme of exposing serfdom and autocracy, love for common man, sympathy for the offended and oppressed runs like a red thread through all of Nekrasov's work. The poet managed to reflect all the horror and lawlessness of autocratic Russia in a very short, but capacious poem: “Yesterday at six o’clock.”

In the nameless heroine of this cursory "sketching from nature", in the patience with which she endures pain and humiliation, pride and immeasurable moral superiority over those who dared to lift a cruel whip over a woman are vividly felt. In her, the suffering but unbroken young peasant woman is the prototype of many future Nekrasov heroines.

In Nekrasov's tense poetic reflections on the fate of the people and the motherland, "wretched and plentiful, mighty and powerless" Russia, the theme of the female lot is one of the central cross-cutting themes. The poet of revolutionary democracy, the great poet-citizen and humanist, remained unfailingly faithful to this bitter and beautiful theme:

But all my life I suffer for a woman.

Paths to freedom are ordered to her,

Shameful captivity, all the horror of the female share

She had little strength left to fight ...

The theme of Muse, woman, mother runs through all of Nekrasov's work, starting from early poems: “On the road”, “Troika”, “When we are lost from the darkness”, “Storm”, “I am driving along a dark street at night ...” to poems and poems 50s, 60s, 70s. The poet created truly epic images of a Russian woman: Daria from the poem "Frost, Red Nose", Katerina from "Peddlers", "Orina, the Soldier's Mother", Matryona Timofeevna Korchagina from "Who Lives Well in Russia", Princesses Trubetskaya and Volkonskaya from the poem " Russian Women” and, finally, the image of the muse, merging with the image of the mother, in the wonderful poem of 1877 “Bayushki - bay”.

In his works, Nekrasov pays great attention to the fate of the Russian woman. In this he is unlike other Russian poets and writers. He does not write about beautiful women, about the mistresses of the gods, the conquerors of men's hearts. His heroines came out of life itself. Their road is not strewn with flowers, everything is not so easy for them. But it is worth looking into their soul. What a soul! Long-suffering, but not broken by any sorrows. Nekrasov has different heroines, but they have a lot in common.

The problem of this work is the study of the work of N.A. Nekrasov

Tasks: 1) study of literature on this topic.

2) systematization and analysis of the images of Russian women in the works of N.A. Nekrasov.

The object of the study is the biography and work of N.A. Nekrasov.

The subject of the study is the works of N.A. Nekrasov.

Research methods - the study of creativity N.A. Nekrasov.

2.1. “You saved the living soul in me ...”

Nekrasov was born in the town of Nemirov in Ukraine, and spent his childhood in the village of Greshnevo, on the banks of the Volga. Not far from Yaroslavl. Later, when he became a poet, he spoke of his first life impressions in the following way:

In an unknown wilderness, in a semi-wild village

I grew up among wild savages,

And fate gave me, by the grace of the great,

The leaders of the kennels

Debauchery boiled around me like a dirty wave,

The passions of poverty fought

And on my soul that ugly life

There were rough features.

The poet's father, a retired army officer, a middle-class landowner, was a staunch serf-owner. His main life interest was dog hunting. With dogs, he was sometimes kind, and domestic and serfs suffered from his difficult character.

Nekrasova's mother, Elena Andreevna, suffered insults and humiliations in her husband's house, which did not always fall to the lot of serfs. But it was she who managed to awaken in her son an aversion to the surrounding dirt and ignorance, she conveyed to him her kindness, sensitivity, desire for justice.

Nekrasov wrote his first poems at the age of seven and presented them to his "dear mother". Love for her illuminated all his work. At the end of his life, looking back all his way, Nekrasov wrote in the poem "Mother" (1877).

Nekrasov, while still very young, managed to overcome the prejudices of the landlord environment and feel his blood relationship with the oppressed and destitute.

Nekrasov sees his childhood in his own way:

Memories of the days of youth - famous

Under the loud name of luxurious and wonderful, -

Filling my chest with malice and spleen, -

In all its glory pass before me ...

These bitterly ironic words precede memories of the dearest person - the suffering mother, whose life was ruined by the "gloomy ignoramus". In the words of the poet addressed to her, along with love, pity, admiration, one can also hear a reproach:

You were frightened by the thought of rebelling against fate,

You carried your lot in the silence of a slave ...

But I know: your soul was not impassive,

She was proud, stubborn and beautiful ...

Complicated, contradictory, painful feelings of the poet. But in bitter accusations and self-accusations one can notice a single solid foundation: a person’s severe demands on himself and his loved ones, the ability to feel responsible for all the evil, all the injustice of the surrounding life.

It seems there was no other poet who so often. With such reverent love, he would resurrect the image of his mother in his poems. This tragic image is immortalized by Nekrasov in the poems “Motherland”, “Mother”, “Knight for an Hour”, “Bayushki - Bayu”, “The Recluse”, “Unfortunate” and others. Thinking in childhood about her sad fate, he already in those years learned to sympathize with all powerless, oppressed women.

Nekrasov claimed that it was the suffering of his mother that awakened in him a protest against the oppression of women.

2.2. Katerina from the poem "Pedlars"

The heroine of the poem, Katerina, is not overwhelmed by general advice, not by proverbs, not by her husband's anger, nor by his beatings. She answers her angry husband with a fervent challenge:

Where I was, there is no!

So, dear friend!

She is not a slave of her husband, and therefore she accepts his beatings not with "senseless, eternal fear", but with a mocking challenge:

And beat - not a big overhead:

Dear beatings do not hurt for long!

This is one of those images of the Russian peasant woman in the work of Nekrasov, which show her strong, courageous, proud, despite the severity of her lot. These images appear in the work of Nekrasov in the 60s, with the strengthening of the folk stream in his poetry.

Among the poems of the 60s, wholly or partly dedicated to the share of the Russian peasant woman (“Peddlers”, “Frost, Red Nose”, “Orina, the soldier’s mother”, “The village suffering is in full swing ...”), there is one depicting the moral torment of a woman under the yoke of a cruel patriarchal-religious worldview. This is “What the old woman thinks when she can’t sleep” (1862). A hundred-year old woman “rushes about on the stove”, “groans, toils” in horror from the consciousness of her sinfulness. Her “sins” are illusory or insignificant, but they seem immeasurable to her. Among them is this:

I almost fell in love with Fedya the soldier.

Conscious or unconscious reminiscence of this in Katerina.

There is a soldier Fedya, distant relatives,

He alone regrets, he loves me.

Katerina fell in love with the "soldier" Fedya, but this love does not poison her conscience with a consciousness of sinfulness, but rather pleases Katerina, like a gap in her sad life. Her and Fedya's love is the love of equal people, not master and slave. There is no beating in this love, but there is heartfelt sincerity and genuine sympathy. This love gives Katerina the strength of an internal break with a hateful husband.

If Nekrasov addresses a peasant woman with the words:

You're all fear incarnate

You are all age-old languor, -

At the same time, he is looking for in the life of the people such female types that herald an outcome from the state of "fear incarnate", types in which the desire for freedom and protest against oppression and violence are expressed.

Outlined with a few mean strokes, the heroine of Nekrasov's laconic poem is a type of "new man" among the people. She boldly goes against the general opinion, against a society that professes the religion of patience, she has a conviction that she is right, which gives her strength for family discord, for free love, to mockery of reproaches and beatings. In the eyes of revolutionary enlighteners, Katerina's behavior is a struggle against unfair, unnatural, violent family relations, which is part of the revolutionary struggle against violence against a person in general. Behind Katerina's contempt for her husband's beatings is contempt for the whole order of life, which rests on beatings, the basis of which is brutal violence. Katerina's struggle falls within the broad scope of the struggle of the oppressed people against the violence of the oppressors.

Creating the image of Katerina, as well as his other peasant images, Nekrasov started from reactionary folklore and relied on what was close to him in folk art.

Next to the songs "about eternal patience" fervent songs were heard, full of prowess and ebullient, confident strength. Indeed, in a folk song, a woman was far from always suppressed by the will of the formidable husband, about whom they sang.

2.3. "The keys to women's happiness are lost in God himself"

Korchagina Matrena Timofeevna is a peasant woman, the third part of the poem “Who Lives Well in Russia” is entirely devoted to her biography.

“Matryona Timofeevna is a portly woman, wide and thick, about thirty-eight. Beautiful: hair with gray hair, big strict eyes, richest eyelashes, severe and swarthy. She is wearing a white shirt, and a short sundress, and a sickle over her shoulder.

The glory of a lucky woman leads wanderers to her. Matrena agrees to “lay her soul out” when the peasants promise to help her in the harvest: the suffering is in full swing.

In the parental home, in a good, non-drinking family, Matryona lived happily. But, having married Philip Korchagin, a stove-maker, she ended up “from a girl’s will to hell”: a superstitious mother-in-law, a drunkard father-in-law, an older barn, for which the daughter-in-law must work like a slave. True, she was lucky with her husband: only once it came to beatings. But Philip only returns home from work in the winter, the rest of the time there is no one to intercede for Matryona, except for grandfather Savely, father-in-law. She has to endure the harassment of Sitnikov, the ruling manager, which ceased only with his death.

Her first-born Demushka becomes a consolation in all troubles for a peasant woman, but due to Savely's oversight, the child dies: he is eaten by pigs. An unfair trial is being carried out over a heartbroken mother. Not guessing in time to give a bribe to the boss, she becomes a witness to the abuse of the body of her child.

For a long time Korchagina cannot forgive Savely for his unique oversight. Over time, the peasant woman has children, "there is no time to think or grieve." The heroine's parents, Savely, are dying. Her eight-year-old Fedot is threatened with punishment for feeding someone else's sheep to a she-wolf, and his mother lies under the rod instead of him. But the most difficult trials fall on her lot in a lean year. Pregnant, with children, she herself is likened to a hungry she-wolf. Recruitment deprives her of her last intercessor, her husband (he is taken out of turn). In delirium, she draws terrible pictures of the life of a soldier, soldier's children. She leaves the house and runs to the city, where she tries to get to the governor, and when the porter lets her into the house for a bribe, she throws herself at the feet of the governor Elena Alexandrovna. She returns home with her husband, this incident cemented her reputation as a lucky woman and the nickname "governor". Her further fate is also full of troubles: one of her sons has already been taken to the soldiers.

Burned out twice.

God anthrax visited three times.

The "Baby Parable" sums up her tragic story:

Keys to women's happiness

From free will

abandoned, lost

God himself.

The abundance of folklore sources, often almost unchanged included in the text of "The Peasant Woman", and the very title of this part of the poem emphasizes the typical fate of Matryona Timofeevna: this is the usual fate of a Russian woman.

2.4. The image of Daria in the poem "Frost, Red Nose"

Daria is the main character of the poem "Frost, Red Nose". Nekrasov draws "a type of majestic Slav".

There are women in Russian villages

With calm gravity of faces, with beautiful strength in movements,

With a gait, with the eyes of queens ...

Along with Matryona Korchagina, Daria belongs to this type of indefatigable worker, zealous housewife, on whom the whole house rests, repeatedly sung by Nekrasov; tender mother, submissive, loving wife, in a difficult moment becoming a real heroine:

In trouble - it will not fail, it will save:

Stop a galloping horse

Will enter the burning hut!

Daria's life is spent in poverty:

Everyone gave that a penny,

For a copper penny

We've worked hard!

But no matter how hard the fate of a Russian peasant woman (“to marry a slave, to be the mother of a slave’s son, to submit to a slave to the grave”), the loss of a breadwinner falls on her shoulders with an incomparably heavier burden. Daria, crushed by grief, turns to the late Proclus, lamenting her bitter future. From now on, even the harvest will be a disaster for her, because she will have to cope with all the work alone. There will be no one to rejoice with her for the growing children, and this joy will be short-lived:

We all have children Grishuha and a daughter.

Yes, our head is a thief

He will say: a worldly sentence.

And Grisha cannot avoid recruitment. There is no one to intercede for his son, no one to pity his mother.

But it is not so easy to break a Russian woman. She has an inherent pride. And here it does not matter whether she is a peasant woman or a princess. She does not want to show her grief, she would never humiliate herself for her own sake. Only for the sake of loved ones, loved ones, is she ready to suffer insults. You can't just conquer a Russian woman. She can also endure the loss of her parents, her husband, and her son. She will resist adversity. And it's not always the same to be on fire. And you look at the Russian peasant woman when she is happy or just works. The poet admires her. Yes, and how else? It combines calm beauty with huge force both physical and spiritual:

Beauty, marvelous to the world,

Blush, slim, tall,

Beautiful in every dress

Dexterity for any work.

And hunger, and cold endures,

Always patient, even...

You can’t play a joke on this woman “She rarely smiles.” But the heart rejoices to look at her during the fun:

Such heartfelt laughter

And songs and dances

Money can't buy.

She does not like to mess around, she always has work to do. You can safely rely on her, her house is always in abundance, she is the main one in the family.

Daria tried to save her dying husband, at night fearlessly “passed through the forest to a distant monastery (“Thirty miles from the village”) for a miraculous icon, but it was all in vain. After burying Proclus, Daria goes to the forest for firewood and, having cried, imperceptibly copes with her usual work:

Barely holding her legs

The soul is tired of longing ...

It stands under a pine tree a little alive,

No thoughts, no groans, no tears.

Enchanted by Frost, the heroine freezes in the forest. But before her death, she was granted consolation: she sees in a dream the end of the harvest, the happy work of a peasant family, a caring husband, the rosy faces of children.

Daria just leaves, she has a wonderful dream, she feels good:

A smile of contentment and happiness

Daria does not leave her face.

Why try to bring her back to life? There she has everything, but here she has nothing but eternal troubles.

2.5. "Russian Women" - a poem about the wives of the Decembrists.

The feat of a Russian woman, selfless and unbending, for Nekrasov is a source of the deepest lyricism, in which both admiration, and the pain of compassion, and faith in the coming liberation, recognition of the beauty and wealth of spiritual forces inherent in the Russian national female character are fused:

Sobbing sounds boil in my chest,

It's time, it's time to entrust my thought to them!

Your love, your holy torment,

Your struggle - ascetic, I sing! ..

Asceticism, feat - these lofty words are equally applicable to the fates of the wives of the Decembrists, sung by Nekrasov in "Russian Women", whose names are kept by our historical memory, and to the fates of obscure peasant women who have gained immortality, in Nekrasov's poetic word.

"Russian Women" - a poem about the wives of the Decembrists - introduces us to a different, in comparison with folk poems, social environment and in a different era, half a century away from Nekrasov's. Turning to the past, the poet also thought about his present. He seemed to be stretching a connecting thread between the generations of revolutionaries of the 1820s and 1860-1870s.

In the heroines of the Decembrist era, Nekrasov searched and shrewdly found features that made them related to the participants revolutionary movement a new stage, without fear of hard labor and exile, those who embarked on the path of struggle against autocratic power. And the poet's idea was accurately guessed and accepted by advanced contemporaries. V.N. Figner, a prominent figure revolutionary populism, recalled precisely this: “the charming image of a woman of the second quarter of the last century shines even now in the unfading splendor of former days. Their deprivations, losses and moral sufferings make them related to us, women of later revolutionary generations.”

Recreating in the poem the feat of life of Ekaterina Ivanovna Trubetskoy and Maria Nikolaevna Volkonskaya, Nekrasov artistically opened up new facets of the national female character. The original title of the work "Decembrists" was replaced by a new one, which enlarged and expanded the content of the author's intention "Russian Women". For the first publication of "Princess Trubetskoy" in the journal "Domestic Notes", the poet made a note, where in the same vein it was said about the Decembrists, "that the self-denial expressed by them will forever remain evidence of the great spiritual forces inherent in a Russian woman, and is the direct property of poetry" . Spiritual generosity, steadfastness and courage in the face of suffering and hardship, a sense of duty and fidelity naturally bring the Nekrasov princesses and Nekrasov peasant women together in a single concept of “Russian women”.

The dominant property of the character of the Nekrasov Decembrists is a high civic consciousness, which determines the program of life behavior. Their bold decision to follow their husbands into deep Siberian exile is a feat in the name of love and compassion, but also in the name of justice. This is a socially significant act, it is a challenge to the evil will, an open confrontation with the highest authority. That is why the climactic episode of the second part of the poem is so psychologically reliable: Princess Volkonskaya, at the moment of the long-awaited meeting with her husband, first kisses his convict chains.

In the epilogue of Princess Trubetskoy, Nekrasov said:

Captivating images! Hardly

In the history of any country

Have you seen anything more beautiful

Their names must not be forgotten.

The captivating images of Russian women, created by the great poet, rightfully recognized as the singer of the female share, do not lose their attractiveness, their lively charm for new and new generations of writers.

But do not the wives of the Decembrists arouse admiration? If a peasant woman can be compared with a mighty pine, the mistress of the forest, surviving in any conditions, then they are more like a flower, cherished, well-groomed, which was suddenly thrown into the wild forest from the usual warmth. But how much strength in these little women, how much pride. It would seem, where? What could they know but balls and small talk? But the strength of the Russian soul is great.

These women cannot be treated with indifference. Their appearance in the wilderness is like a miracle:

And God sent a quiet angel

In underground mines

And they did not flinch even in these mines, life brought them up. So why is it always only grief that falls on the lot of a Russian woman?

Why should she pay for a moment of happiness with years of suffering? Will there ever be the keys to a woman's happiness? But even if it will be unbearably hard for her, she, a Russian woman, will endure everything. Such is her fate.

Educated, art-loving, noble, wealthy young women left everything and followed their husbands to Siberia to support their spirit, share their hard fate with them, help them in a hopeless hard life in Siberian penal servitude. They signed a terrible paper, drawn up by order of the tsar, where they renounced their rights, their wealth, the rights of their future children, who "would go to state factory peasants," as it was written in this paper.

Relatives could not dissuade brave women either, and they used all means to keep them. It was especially difficult for M.N. Volkonskaya, who loved her father very much. The young woman had enough strength and perseverance to convince, to beg this man of strong will and leave, leaving her child-son at home. Her parents did not hinder Trubetskoy's departure so much, but she had to endure many days of torture in Irkutsk, where the governor took all measures, from persuasion to threats, to detain her and force her to return. The will of the female heroine overcame everything, and the governor was forced to send her further.

The gap between Trubetskoy and Volkonskaya with the "higher secular society" was complete. They correctly accepted the selfishness, meanness and cowardice of this society:

There people are rotting alive

walking coffins,

Men are a bunch of Judas,

And women are slaves.

Only among the most advanced Russian people of their circle did they meet with complete sympathy.

The wives of the Decembrists received great sympathy from the common people.

Here Princess Trubetskaya comes to prison:

With a key old and gray

Mustachioed disabled person -

“Come, sadness, follow me!”

She quietly says:

I will take you to him

He is alive and unharmed…”

But this is a soldier trained by twenty-five years of service, who became a jailer!

In the Siberian wintering, the forester received, warmed and led Volkonskaya, who got lost in a snow blizzard, onto the road:

But he refused to accept the money.

"Don't, dear!

God protect you

When at one post station Volkonskaya decided to ask the officer who was escorting the image with silver about the “victims of the Decembrist case”, about her husband, she answered brazenly and rudely:

“... I don’t know them - and I don’t want to know,

I never saw convicts!”

And a simple soldier after the officer left:

... a kind word - not barbaric laughter -

Found in my soldier's heart:

“Healthy! - he said: - I saw them all,

They live in the Blagadatsky mine! ... "

To which Volkonskaya responded cordially:

Thanks soldier. Thank you dear!

No wonder I endured torture!

She became related to the people: the forester says to her "dear", she, thanks to the soldier, also calls him "dear".

She understood the grief of the people, and the people understood and shared her grief.

When they arrived at the place of hard labor, it was not money, but the cordiality, sympathy of the sentry soldier helped Volkonskaya to see her husband and his comrades:

The sentry yielded to my sobs,

Like God, I asked him!

He lit the lamp

I entered a basement...

There she saw her husband and his comrades at hard work. It is remarkable that, before embracing her husband, Volkonskaya knelt down and kissed his shackles as a token of respect for the cause for which he suffered.

And here the superintendent of the work, a simple man, "on purpose disappeared" so as not to interfere with Volkonskaya's meeting with the Decembrists.

All this deeply touched Volkonskaya and she, thanks to the people, exclaims:

Thank you Russian people!

On the road, in exile, wherever I have been,

All hard hard labor time,

People! I carried with you more cheerfully

My unbearable burden.

May many sorrows fall on your part,

You share other people's sorrows

And where my tears are ready to fall

Yours have already fallen there! ..

You love the unfortunate, Russian people!

Suffering has made us...

Accept my low bow, poor people!

Thank you all send.

Thanks!..

These words are a hymn to the excellent moral qualities of the simple Russian people, whose love and sympathy were acquired by the wives of the Decembrists, who broke with their “higher circle”.

Singing the glorious feat of the wives of the Decembrists, Nekrasov thereby glorifies the Decembrists themselves, who spared neither freedom nor life for the good of the people. It was impossible to depict them directly, to write about them - censorship did not allow. The poet nevertheless managed to give images of Trubetskoy and Volkonsky in short scenes full of deep content. In prison clothing, in shackles, in prison and mines, they were not broken, depressed, did not consider what they had done a mistake, did not repent, did not lose heart.

There were many women among the freedom fighters, and by naming his poem “Russian Women”, the poet, as it were, glorifies in it all Russian women participating in the struggle for freedom.

Conclusion.

In the constant struggles of Nekrasov peasant women with a formidable fate, there is a deep drama of their earthly path. And this - something from life itself, underlined, real drama - determines the tension of the plots, it would seem, the most ordinary, immersed in unhurried peasant life, and determines the exciting interest with which Nekrasov's poems are read.

Nekrasov's peasant life is not hopeless, it has its own poetry. Both Daria and Matryona Timofeevna know the happiness of mutual love and motherhood, the joy of hard work, the sense of beauty of the natural world around them. This happiness is fragile, these joys are short-lived. Well, the higher their price. Nekrasov poeticizes the best qualities of the peasant national character - the greatness of the soul, unparalleled diligence, high patience in overcoming life's adversities - poetizes without sentimental admiration, in the vein of folk poetic traditions. This brings an optimistic note of hope and faith into the sound of even such a tragic piece as "Frost, Red Nose". Tragic and light intonations are uniquely intertwined in the bewitching lines of the story about the last moments of the freezing Daria. In recreating with penetrating psychologism the dying visions of the heroine, the poet, by the power of his word, gives life to the inescapable age-old dream of the people of a beautiful, happy life, of the triumph of free and joyful labor. This dream inspires both Nekrasov's heroes and the author himself, who managed to see the world and the fate of his characters through the eyes of the people themselves.

None of the Russian poets before Nekrasov depicted the life of the common people in the way that he managed to do. The heroes of civil lyrics and Nekrasov's epic poems embodied the essence of the Russian character: love for freedom and work, wealth of the spiritual world, moral stamina. The great poet was the spokesman, the inspirer of the revolutionary spirit, of the entire progressive-democratic movement of his time.

None of the Russian poets before Nekrasov so widely and with such depth captured the life of the urban and rural poor in his work, Nekrasov vividly showed the severity of people's suffering, the severity of forced labor. His poetry woke up and wakes up minds, raises him to fight against social oppression, for equality and a happy lot. His truthful, courageous poetry, his sincere songs merged with the angry voice of the working people. Nekrasov deeply understanding the great historical mission of the people, who are able not only to complain about the bitter lot and sing mournful songs, but also to rise up against the world of oppression and injustice. Singing the inexhaustible spiritual strength, the moral beauty of the people, the poet awakened in him mighty, heroic forces, instilled in him faith in a secular future.

Literature.

1.B. Accounting staff. Nekrasov. Problems of creativity. Soviet writer, 1989.

2. N.A. Nekrasov. Selected works. II vol. M.: Fiction, 1966.

3. N.A. Nekrasov. The writing. Moscow: Pravda, 1954.

4. N.A. Nekrasov. Live Pages. M.: Children's literature, 1974.

5. N.A. Nekrasov. Lyrics. M.: Secular Russia, 1978.

6. N.A. Nekrasov. Poems and poems. M.: AST Olymp, 1996.

7. N.A. Nekrasov. Selected lyrics. M.: Children's literature, 1986.

8. N.A. Nekrasov. Russian women. M.: Children's literature, 1956.

9. N.A. Nekrasov. Russian women. Saratov: Privolzhskoe book publishing house, 1984.

10. V.G. Prokshin. where are you, the secret of the people's contentment. Moscow: Nauka, 1990.

11. Russian literature. Textbook for grade 9, edited by M.G. Kachurin. M.: Education, 1982.

12. Encyclopedia of literary heroes. M.: AST Olymp, 2001.

It's not a matter of looking for a happy woman between women.
N. Nekrasov. Who in Russia live well.

A significant part of N.A. Nekrasov is devoted to the theme of the Russian people. The poet considered it his civil and human duty to raise the problem of the oppressed position of the peasantry, to highlight the difficult, sad aspects of the life of a Russian person.
A large place among the works of Nekrasov is occupied by those that describe the hard lot of a Russian woman, a Russian peasant woman. The poet believed that it was the woman who carried the most heavy cross, because an almost impossible task falls on her fragile shoulders - to save love, to raise children in the harsh Russian reality.
The theme of women's fate also occupies an important place in Nekrasov's main work - the poem "Who Lives Well in Russia". The work is "inhabited" quite large quantity female images that allow the author to reveal his ideological intent. So, at the beginning of the poem, Nekrasov gives a generalized image of a Russian peasant woman. We see women dressed up for the “village fair”: “The women have red dresses, The girls have braids with ribbons, They float like winches!” There are fashionable entertainers among them, and there are also envious women who prophesy hunger, the reason for which is that “the women began to dress up in red calicoes ...”
Women's fates are drawn in more detail in the chapter "Drunk Night". Here we are faced with the fate of a simple woman who works in the city for rich people: “You are their cook for a day. And the night they have a sudarka ... ”We meet Daryushka, emaciated from overwork; a woman hungry for love; women whose houses are worse than in hell: “And the younger son-in-law takes everything with a knife, Look, he’ll kill him, kill him!”
And, finally, the culmination of the "female theme" in the poem becomes the part "Peasant Woman", the main character of which is Matrena Timofeevna Korchagina. This is a Russian peasant woman, whose fate is an illustration of a difficult female lot, but also an unbending Russian character, a “treasury” of the Russian soul.
The Peasant Woman describes almost the entire life of Korchagina, from youth to maturity. According to the author, the fate of Matryona Timofeevna is a generalized fate of the Russian peasant woman in general.
So, our acquaintance with the heroine begins with the rumor that goes about her in the surrounding villages. Among the people, Matryona Timofeevna - the "governor" - is considered happy, and the wanderers set off on their way to look at this "miracle".
Before them appears a beautiful Russian woman of the age of "thirty-eight":
... hair with gray hair,
The eyes are large, stern,
Eyelashes are the richest
Stern and swarthy.
Korchagina succumbs to the persuasion of wanderers and frankly tells the story of her life. We learn that the heroine considers her childhood the happiest time of her life. And no wonder - "We had a good, non-drinking family," in which everyone loved and cared for each other. However, soon it was time to get married. Although here the heroine was lucky - her husband - a "foreigner" loved Matryona. But, having married, the heroine ended up “in bondage from the will” - into a large family, where she, the youngest daughter-in-law, had to please everyone and not even count on an affectionate word.
Only with grandfather Savely Matryona could talk about everything, cry, ask for advice. But the grandfather, involuntarily, caused her terrible pain - he did not “watch over” the little son of Matryona, “he fed Demidushka to the pigs.” And after that, the judges, investigating the case, accused Korchagina of deliberate murder and did not allow the baby to be buried without an autopsy.
Nekrasov emphasizes the helplessness and lack of rights of the heroine, she can only follow Savely's advice:
Be patient, you bastard!
Be patient, long-suffering!
We can't find the truth.
These words became the refrain of the whole life of the heroine, who had to endure terrible hunger, illness, and resentment from those in power. Only once did she nevertheless “found the truth” - she “begged” her husband from the governor’s wife Elena Alexandrovna, saved Philip from unfair soldiery. Perhaps that is why, or perhaps because she did not break down, did not lose her will to live, and they called Matryona happy.
However, she herself, not grumbling at fate, does not consider herself happy. Matryona thinks that women cannot be happy, because they are destined to worry, suffer for loved ones, take on someone else's work, and so on:
Don't touch women
Here is God! pass with nothing
To the grave!
In support of this idea, the author cites a parable about the keys "to the happiness of women", which no one can find - even God himself forgot about their existence.
Thus, in the poem “To whom it is good to live in Russia,” Nekrasov generally showed the fate of a Russian woman, a Russian peasant woman. According to the author, her share is the heaviest. A woman has to suffer from a powerless position in the family and in society, worry about the fate of her children and loved ones, and work beyond her strength. However, even in such conditions, the Russian peasant woman is able to preserve the external and internal beauty, her soul - love for people, kindness, desire to live, give birth to children, enjoy harmonious work.

The image of a Russian woman in the work of N. Nekrasov.
"The Majestic Slav" became the heroine of many poems and poems by N. A. Nekrasov; they are all imbued with deep compassion for her fate. The poet suffers with her both from overwork and from moral humiliation. However, it cannot be said that the Russian woman appears in Nekrasov's poems only in the form of a peasant woman, tortured by work, whose fate was reflected in all the social contradictions of the country. There is another type of woman in Nekrasov's poetry, which embodied folk ideas about a real beauty, strongly built, ruddy, lively, hardworking. draws attention to the inner beauty, spiritual wealth of the Russian peasant woman:

There are women in Russian villages

With calm gravity of faces,

With beautiful strength in movements,

With a gait, with the eyes of queens.

In the image of a Russian woman, Nekrasov sings of steadfastness, pride, dignity, care for the family, for children. This type was most fully revealed by Nekrasov in the poem "Who Lives Well in Russia" in the image of Matryona Timofeevna Korchagina, one of the parts is devoted to the story of whose fate. This story reflected all the life hardships of a Russian woman: separation from her husband, eternal humiliation, the suffering of a mother who lost her son, fires, loss of livestock, crop failures. However, these trials did not break her spirit, she retained her human dignity. Before us is a woman of great mind, selfless, strong-willed, resolute. Folklore genres are widely used in the characterization of Matryona: songs, lamentations, lamentations. They help to express pain and longing, to show more clearly the bitter lot that has fallen to a woman. Folklore features are observed in her speech: repetitions, constant epithets, exclamatory forms, an abundance of diminutives. These features make Matryona's speech uniquely individual, give it a special liveliness and emotionality. This is the image of a peasant woman not only strong in spirit, but also gifted and talented.

To reveal the author's intention, it is important to note that the part of the poem dedicated to the fate of Matryona Timofeevna is not named after her, but "Peasant Woman". Matrena's story about her life is a story about the fate of any peasant woman, a long-suffering Russian woman. This name emphasizes that the fate of Matryona is not at all an exception to the rule, but a typical fate of millions of Russian peasant women.

Describing the type of "stately Slav", Nekrasov finds him not only in the peasant environment. The best spiritual qualities - willpower, the ability to love, fidelity - make Matryona related to the heroines of the poem "Russian Women".

This work consists of two parts: the first is dedicated to Princess Trubetskoy, the second - to Princess Volkonskaya. Nekrasov shows Princess Trubetskaya as if from the outside, draws the external difficulties encountered on her way. It is not for nothing that the central place in this part is occupied by the scene with the governor, frightening the princess with the deprivations awaiting her: hunger, shame, "the work of a milestone journey." But all the governor's arguments about the hardships of life in Siberia become shallow and lose their force before the courage of the heroine, her ardent readiness to be true to her duty.

In the second part of the poem, the story is told in the first person - the face of Princess Volkonskaya. Thanks to this, you more clearly understand the depth of suffering that the heroine endured. In this part there is also a dispute, equal in tension to the conversation between the governor and Trubetskoy - the dispute between the princess and her father. The father reproaches the daughter for recklessness, she speaks of duty, as well as the predestination of her fate: "so it pleases the sky."

Replacing the original name "Decembrists" with "Russian Women" emphasizes that heroism, fortitude, moral beauty are inherent in a Russian woman from time immemorial and beyond class boundaries. The type of "dignified Slav" is universal, it can be found both in a peasant's hut and in a high society living room, since its main component is spiritual beauty.

It's not a matter of looking for a happy woman between women.
N. Nekrasov. Who in Russia live well.
A significant part of the work of N. A. Nekrasov is devoted to the theme of the Russian people. The poet considered it his civil and human duty to raise the problem of the oppressed position of the peasantry, to highlight the difficult, sad aspects of the life of a Russian person.
A large place among the works of Nekrasov is occupied by those that describe the hard lot of a Russian woman, a Russian peasant woman. The poet believed that it was the woman who carried the heaviest cross, because on her fragile shoulders

An almost impossible task lies down - to save love, to raise children in the harsh Russian reality.
The theme of women's fate also occupies an important place in Nekrasov's main work - the poem "Who Lives Well in Russia". The work is "inhabited" by a fairly large number of female images, allowing the author to reveal his ideological concept. So, at the beginning of the poem, Nekrasov gives a generalized image of a Russian peasant woman. We see women dressed up for the “village fair”: “The women have red dresses, The girls have braids with ribbons, They float like winches!” There are fashionable entertainers among them, and there are also envious women who prophesy hunger, the reason for which is that “the women began to dress up in red calicoes ...”
Women's destinies are drawn in more detail in the chapter "Drunk Night". Here we are faced with the fate of a simple woman who works in the city for rich people: “You are their cook for a day. And the night they have a sudarka ... ”We meet Daryushka, emaciated from overwork; a woman hungry for love; women whose houses are worse than in hell: “And the younger son-in-law takes everything with a knife, Look, he’ll kill him, kill him!”
And, finally, the culmination of the “female theme” in the poem is the part “Peasant Woman”, the main character of which is Matrena Timofeevna Korchagina. This is a Russian peasant woman, whose fate is an illustration of a difficult female lot, but also an unbending Russian character, a “treasury” of the Russian soul.
The “Peasant Woman” describes almost the entire life of Korchagina, from youth to maturity. According to the author, the fate of Matryona Timofeevna is a generalized fate of the Russian peasant woman in general.
So, our acquaintance with the heroine begins with the rumor that goes about her in the surrounding villages. Among the people, Matryona Timofeevna - the "governor's wife" - is considered happy, and wanderers set off on their way to look at this "miracle".
Before them appears a beautiful Russian woman of “thirty-eight” years:
... hair with gray hair,
The eyes are large, stern,
Eyelashes are the richest
Stern and swarthy.
Korchagina succumbs to the persuasion of wanderers and frankly tells the story of her life. We learn that the heroine considers her childhood the happiest time of her life. And no wonder - "We had a good, non-drinking family," in which everyone loved and cared for each other. However, soon it was time to get married. Although here the heroine was lucky - her husband - a "foreigner" loved Matryona. But, having married, the heroine ended up “in bondage from the will” - into a large family, where she, the youngest daughter-in-law, had to please everyone and not even count on an affectionate word.
Only with grandfather Savely Matryona could talk about everything, cry, ask for advice. But the grandfather, involuntarily, caused her terrible pain - he did not “find out” the little son of Matryona, “he fed Demidushka to the pigs”. And after that, the judges, investigating the case, accused Korchagina of deliberate murder and did not allow the baby to be buried without an autopsy.
Nekrasov emphasizes the helplessness and lack of rights of the heroine, she can only follow Savely's advice:
Be patient, you bastard!
Be patient, long-suffering!
We can't find the truth.
These words became the refrain of the whole life of the heroine, who had to endure terrible hunger, illness, and resentment from those in power. Only once did she nevertheless “found the truth” - she “begged” her husband from the governor’s wife Elena Alexandrovna, saved Philip from unfair soldiery. Perhaps that is why, or maybe because she did not break down, did not lose her will to live, and they called Matryona happy.
However, she herself, not grumbling at fate, does not consider herself happy. Matryona thinks that women cannot be happy, because they are destined to worry, suffer for loved ones, take on someone else's work, and so on:
Don't touch women
Here is God! pass with nothing
To the grave!
In support of this idea, the author cites a parable about the keys “to female happiness”, which no one can find - even God himself forgot about their existence.
Thus, in the poem “To whom it is good to live in Russia,” Nekrasov generally showed the fate of a Russian woman, a Russian peasant woman. According to the author, her share is the heaviest. A woman has to suffer from a powerless position in the family and in society, worry about the fate of her children and loved ones, and work beyond her strength. However, even in such conditions, the Russian peasant woman is able to preserve the external and internal beauty, her soul - love for people, kindness, desire to live, give birth to children, enjoy harmonious work.

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Essay on literature on the topic: Women's images in Nekrasov's poem “Who lives well in Russia”

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