Number of nouns: Nouns that have only plural form, and other examples. How are plural nouns formed in English? Games only plural examples

In the lesson, we will learn how to determine the number of nouns, learn about the features of the use of nouns in the plural, about the correct placement of stress. Let's do a lot of interesting tasks.

We speak correctly:

Not boots, boots, boots .

Pair boots, boots, boots .

A lot of places, cases, soldiers, apples .

Not socks , pair socks .

Many kilograms tangerines, oranges, tomatoes .

Let's write sentences, adding letters where necessary.

Bought a pair of noses in the store….

Tanya has a lot to do…..

There are no empty seats on the bus….

There are a lot of tomatoes on the market…. and apples...

There are many soldiers on the parade ....

Examination.

Bought a pair of socks from the store.

Tanya has a lot to do.

There are no empty seats on the bus.

There are many tomatoes and apples in the market.

There are many soldiers on the parade.

Peculiarities of stressing plural nouns

And now let's get acquainted with the correct placement of stress in some nouns that are in the plural form.

Rice. 13. We speak correctly! ()

director-director a

Chauffeur - chauffeur yo ry

Cake - t about mouths

To find out how to pronounce a word correctly, you can turn to the spelling dictionary or stress dictionary for help.

There are unusual nouns in Russian. What is their secret?

Let's find out.

Let's look at the pictures.

Let's name the items.

Milk, flour, honey, leaves.

These nouns do not have a plural form.

Let's consider another example.

Let's name the items.

Chess, clocks, glasses, sledges, scissors.

These nouns do not have a singular form.

We conclude: in Russian there are nouns that do not have a singular or plural form. We will get to know them in more detail in high school.

In this lesson, we learned that nouns change in number. There are two forms of number: singular and plural.

It turns out that in Old Russian, in addition to the singular and plural that are familiar to us, there was one more number that was used to denote paired objects. This is a dual number. The dual number was used to designate two or paired objects.

For example, eyes, sleeves, shores, horns.

Now this role is played by the plural.

Some nouns have more than one possible forms numbers that differ in meaning:

« leaves" on the tree - " sheets» paper, « teeth» man - « teeth» pitchfork

  1. Klimanova L.F., Babushkina T.V. Russian language. 2. - M.: Enlightenment, 2012 (http://www.twirpx.com/file/1153023/)
  2. Buneev R.N., Buneeva E.V., Pronina O.V. Russian language. 2. - M.: Balass.
  3. Ramzaeva T.G. Russian language. 2. - M.: Bustard.
  1. The festival pedagogical ideas "Public lesson" ().
  2. Nsportal.ru ().
  3. Do.gendocs.ru ().
  • Klimanova L.F., Babushkina T.V. Russian language. 2. - M.: Enlightenment, 2012. Part 2. Do ex. 118, 119 p. 88.
  • Divide the nouns from the poem into two columns: singular and plural.

The wind is blowing on the sea
And the boat is urging;
He runs in waves
On inflated sails .. (A. Pushkin)

  • * Using the knowledge gained in the lesson, come up with 2 rebuses or 3 riddles for the singular and plural of a noun.

AT English language two numbers of nouns, as in Russian: singular and plural (in some languages ​​it happens differently). At first glance, it may seem that the plural of nouns in English is formed according to some difficult, incomprehensible rules. In fact, everything is simple, since in most cases the plural is formed according to the basic rule, and the rest of the cases are quickly remembered with practice.

Rules for the formation of plural nouns in English

1. Basic rule

In most cases, the plural of nouns in English (plural) is formed using the ending -s. Pay attention to how this ending is pronounced:

  • After vowels and voiced consonants - like [z],
  • After deaf consonants - like [s].

However, if you get confused in the pronunciation of -s at the end of a word, you will surely be understood.

2. Nouns with -s, -sh, -ch, -x, -z, -ss

What if the word ends with – s? In this case (for greater harmony and ease of pronunciation), you need to add -es. The same goes for the words -ss,-sh, – ch, – x, -z.

The ending -es helps to pronounce combinations of sounds that would be difficult to pronounce without it. Let me remind you -es added at the end of words -s, -ss, -sh, -ch, -x, -z. Imagine what it would be like without -es:

watchs, matches, boxes, buss (!), classes (!!!)

Agree, it is much easier to pronounce the words:

watches, matches, boxes, buses, classes.

3. Nouns with a consonant + y

consonant + ending -y, then -y changes to -ies .

If the noun ends in vowel + ending -y, then to -y added -s. In other words, the plural is formed according to the basic rule.

4. Nouns ending in -o

If the noun ends in -o, you need to add -es.

Exceptions:

  • photo - photos (photo),
  • memo - memos (reminder).
  • piano - pianos (piano),

5. Nouns ending in -f, -fe

In nouns ending in -f or - fe, need to replace -f or - fe on the -ves.

6. Table: plural nouns in English

This image is a summary of the rules for pluralizing a noun.

Special cases of plural formation in English

English has exceptions to the plural rules. Most of them concern rather rare words, it is most important to remember the cases from the first paragraph (man - men, woman - women, etc.), since they are the most frequent.

1. Main exceptions: the plural is not formed according to the general rules

A number of nouns form the plural in a non-standard way:


Note: the word women is read as [ˈwɪmɪn].

2. Plural and singular forms match

Some nouns have the same plural and singular forms. These include:

3. Nouns used only in the singular

As in Russian, some nouns in English are used only in the singular or plural. These include:

1. Abstract, uncountable nouns

  • Knowledge - knowledge,
  • Love - love,
  • Friendship - friendship,
  • Information - information,

2. Names of sciences, academic disciplines on -ics

Although they end in -s, these words are used in the singular.

  • Econics - economics,
  • Physics - physics,
  • Aerobics - aerobics,
  • Classics - classical literature.

3. And others

  • Money - money,
  • Hair - hair.

3. Nouns used only in the plural

As in Russian, many names of paired objects do not have a singular

  • Pants - trousers,
  • Scissors - scissors,
  • Glasses - glasses (for the eyes, not glasses in the game),

Some words that are used in English only in the plural are used in Russian in the plural and singular:

  • Goods - goods, goods.
  • Clothes - clothes.

Note: clothes is or clothes are?

Difficulty with words often clothes - clothes. Should it be used as singular or plural? How to write correctly: clothes is or clothes are?

We are used to the fact that “clothes” is a singular number in Russian, so we strive to use English clothes in a Russian manner, as if it were a noun in singular, but this is an error. In English, this word is plural and is used accordingly:

  • Not properly: Your clothes are so dirty. Your clothes are so dirty.
  • Correctly: Your clothes are so dirty. Your clothes are so dirty.

4. Plural of compound nouns

Compound nouns are made up of more than one word and can be written:

  1. Separately or through a hyphen: mother-in-law(mother-in-law), assistant headmaster(Assistant School Principal).
  2. Slitno: post man(postman), school boy(schoolboy).

In separate compound nouns, as a rule, the plural form is taken by the word that has the main meaning:

Difficult plural forms of nouns

Among the forms of nouns, the formation of which may be associated with certain difficulties, one should include the plural forms of the nominative case ( directors or directors, valves or valve?) and plural forms genitive some nouns ( five grams and five grams, five oranges or five orange?)

1. Plural forms of the nominative case of nouns: directors or directors?

The nominative plural form of nouns is checked in dictionary order (according to the dictionary). See rubric "Word Check" on our portal. Please note: the search for a word in dictionaries is carried out by the initial form (nominative case, singular)!

The dictionary entry reads as follows: if the entry does not contain special indications of the plural form (litter pl.), then the ending is used to form the nominative plural -and or -s. If a different ending is required (or options are acceptable), then a litter is put: pl. -a. For example:

In the modern Russian literary language, options that fluctuate in the form of them. n. pl. h., have over 300 words. The focus of distribution of flexion -and I) are spheres of vernacular and professional language. For this reason, the forms -and I) often have a colloquial or professional coloring: contracts, locksmith, turner. The forms on -s(s) more neutral and for most words meet traditional norms literary language. However, in some cases the forms -and I) have already supplanted the forms on -s(s).

In addition, you can remember a number of patterns that facilitate the choice of inflection (ending) of the nominative plural:

    Declinable neuter nouns, the initial form of which ends in -KO, have unstressed plural inflection. h. im. P. -and (faces, feathers, apples). The exception is nouns with stressed plural endings. hours: troops and clouds.

    Other neuter nouns in plural form. h take the ending -and I): swamps, fields, seas, windows.

    Form on -and I some words may be singular or predominant: side - sides (sides only in phraseological combination hands to the sides); century - centuries (eyelids only in phraseological combinations for once, forever and ever, forever and ever), eye - eyes, meadow - meadows, fur - furs, snow - snow, stack - stacks, silk - silk.

    Forms can have different meanings: tones(about color) and tones(about sound) of bread(about cereals) and loaves(about baked bread) workshops and workshops(at the enterprise) and workshops(medieval organizations of artisans).

    Noun forms can differ in stylistic coloring: sides and outdated. sides; at home and outdated. houses; stern and outdated. stern; horns and outdated. and a poet. horns; varieties and outdated. varieties; volumes and outdated. then we, as well as thunders and a poet. thunder; coffins and a poet. coffin.

    Finally, noun forms can be equal and interchangeable: of the year and years(but: years of youth, severe deprivation; nineties, zero years), workshops and workshops(at the enterprise), storm and storms.

    In order to resolve the issue of the status of the "controversial" form of the word (non-normative, variant, stylistically colored, etc.), in any case, you need to refer to the dictionary.

Non-standard plurals are formed in words child - children, man - people, bottom - bottom and some others.

2. Plural forms of the genitive case of nouns: five grams or five grams?

For most nouns male, in the initial form ending in a hard consonant ( orange, tomato, fly agaric, computer, sock), characteristically ending -ov in the genitive plural form: oranges, tomatoes, fly agarics, computers, socks etc. An extensive number of exceptions can be distinguished from this rule - similar nouns, but having a zero ending in the genitive plural: one stocking - no stockings, one Ossetian - five Ossetians, one gram - five grams and five grams etc. These words include:

    Names of people by nationality and by belonging to military formations, mainly used in plural forms in a collective meaning: Magyars - Magyars, Turkmens - Turkmens, midshipmen - midshipmen and midshipmen, partisans - partisans, soldiers - soldiers; this also includes the form r. n. pl. h. human.

    Names of paired items: boots - boot, eyes - eyes, cuffs - cuffs, shoulder straps - shoulder strap, stockings - stocking, epaulettes - epaulette, boots - boots.

    Names of measures and units of measurement: 220 volts, 1000 watts, 5 amps, 500 gigabytes. If such names are used outside the "measuring" context (in other words, the genitive case form is not countable), then the ending is used -ov: live without excess kilograms, not enough gigabytes.

It should be noted that the names of fruits, fruits and vegetables, which are masculine nouns, in the initial form ending in a solid consonant ( orange, eggplant, tomato, tangerine), in the genitive plural form. hours have an ending -ov: five oranges, a kilogram of eggplant, New Year without tangerines, tomato salad.

For some nouns, the formation of plural forms. h. n. difficult; these are the words dream, prayer, head. On the contrary, words cheek and woodworker do not have other forms, except for the plural form. h. case.

See: "Russian Grammar", M., 1980.

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