How to find a complex sentence. Compound sentence Non-union complex sentence

Author Angela Ustinova asked a question in Additional education

How to distinguish a complex sentence from a complex one and got the best answer

Answer from Bkk[guru]
I'll try in my own words

Compound sentence - consists of simple sentences that are interconnected by coordinating unions and, as a rule, are equal grammatically and in meaning.
Coordinating conjunctions - And, yes (in the meaning of "and"), and .. . and, neither... neither, also, also, But, but, yes (in the meaning of "but"), however, but, Or, or, whether ... whether then... that, not that... not that or... or how... and not only... but even though... but if not... then, not so much... how much, Namely, that is, or (in the meaning of "that is"), somehow, And then, and then, yes and, and also, etc.

A complex sentence is a complex sentence in which one simple sentence is subordinate to another, connected by a subordinating union or an allied word.
Subordinating conjunctions - What, to, like, etc., When, as soon as, only, barely, only, only, before, since, until, until, after, until, as far as as, after, because, since, because, due to the fact that, due to the fact that, due to the fact that, because, due to the fact that, due to the fact that, due to the fact that, due to the fact that , If, if, once, if, if, As, as if, as if, as if, exactly, than, rather than, like as, as if.

In general, in a compound compound there are two equal parts, and in a compound one - one depends on the other) VOILA)

Answer from Helena[active]
Simple sentences in a complex subordinate are connected with the help of conjunctions like, as if, because. In a compound with the help of unions what, and.

Answer from Tessa[guru]
In complex sentences, one simple sentence (subordinate) depends on another (main). From the main clause to the subordinate clause, you can ask a question. For example:
We watched with keen interest (what were we watching?) as they practiced playing hockey. Besides, the subordinate clause (as they practiced playing hockey) cannot exist on its own.

In a compound sentence, the constituent parts are grammatically independent of each other, that is, they are equal in rights, which means that each of the parts is the main one and can exist independently. For example:
It's still very early, and the miners are already on their morning shift. That is, from this sentence you can easily make 2 independent sentences.
1. It's still very early.
2. The miners are already on their morning shift.
I hope I explained clearly.

Answer from 3 answers[guru]

1. Complex sentences(SPP) are sentences that have a main clause and one or more subordinate clauses. Subordinate clauses are subordinate to the main clause and answer the questions of the members of the sentence.

before the main sentence:

Since Nonna refused Andrei, the old man was officially dry with Nonna.(Panova).

(Since), .

Adventitious adjectives can stand after main clause:

what leads through the grove(Goncharov).

, (what)

Adverbial clauses can stand in the middle of the main sentence:

And in the evening, when all cats are gray, the prince went to breathe clean air(Leskov).

[ , (when), ]

2. Adverbial clauses can refer to one word in the main or to the whole main offer.

To one word The main clause includes the following types of subordinate clauses:

subordinate subjects;
predicates (according to another classification, subject and predicate clauses are classified as pronoun-defining clauses);
defining;
additional (according to another classification - explanatory);
mode of action and extent.

To the whole main offer usually include the following types of subordinate clauses:

subordinate places, times, causes, consequences, comparisons, goals, conditions, concessions (that is, adverbial types of subordinate clauses, except for the subordinate modes of action and degree).

Adverbial clauses, except for the mode and degree clauses, as a rule, refer to the entire main clause, but the question to them is usually asked from the predicate.

The typology of subordinate clauses is given according to the textbook: Babaitseva V.V., Chesnokova L.D. Russian language: Theory. 5-9 cells: Proc. for general education institutions.

3. The means of communication between the subordinate and main clauses are:

in a subordinate clause- subordinating conjunctions ( what, to, for, bye, when, how, if etc.) or allied words ( which, which, who, what, how, where, where, from where, when and etc.);
in the main sentence- pointing words ( that, such, there, there, because, because etc.).

Unions and allied words are the main means of communication in a complex sentence.

Indicative words in the main clause may or may not be.

Conjunctions and allied words usually stand at the beginning of a subordinate clause and serve as an indicator of the boundary between the main and the subordinate clause.

Exception makes up the particle union li, which is in the middle of the subordinate clause. Pay attention to this!

Distinguishing unions and allied words

Unions	allied words
1. They are not members of the proposal, for example: He said his sister won't be back for dinner(which is a union, is not a member of the proposal).	1. They are members of a subordinate clause, for example: She kept her eyes on the road what leads through the grove(the allied word that is the subject).
2. Often (but not always!) the union can be removed from the subordinate clause, cf .: He said that his sister would not be back for dinner. - He said: sister will not be back for dinner.	2. Since the allied word is a member of the subordinate clause, it cannot be removed without changing the meaning, for example: She kept her eyes on the road what leads through the grove; impossible: She did not take her eyes off the road, leads through the grove.
3. The union cannot be logically stressed.	3. A logical stress may fall on the allied word, for example: I know what he will do tomorrow.
4. After the union, you cannot put particles of the same, namely.	4. After the allied word, you can put particles of the same, namely, cf .: I know what he will do tomorrow; I know exactly what he will do tomorrow.
5. The conjunction cannot be replaced by a demonstrative pronoun or a pronominal adverb.	5. The allied word can be replaced by a demonstrative pronoun or a pronominal adverb, cf.: I know what he will do tomorrow. - I know: he will do it tomorrow; I know where he was yesterday. - I know he was there yesterday.

Note!

1) What, how, when can be both unions and allied words. Therefore, when parsing complex sentences with these words, one must be especially careful. In addition to the above methods of distinguishing unions and allied words, the following should be taken into account.

When is union in adventitious time ( My father passed away when I was sixteen. Leskov) and in the subordinate condition ( When you need the devil, then go to hell! Gogol).

When is allied word in a subordinate clause ( I know, when he will return) and in the attributive clause ( That day, when ; when in the attributive clause it is possible to replace the main allied word for this clause which, cf .: That day, in which we met for the first time, I will never forget).

How is union in all adverbial clauses, except for the clauses of the mode of action and degree (cf .: Serve me as you served him(Pushkin) - comparative clause; As the soul is black, so you can't wash it off with soap(proverb) - subordinate clause; can be replaced: if the soul is black. - Do it like this as you were taught- subordinate mode of action and degree).

Particularly carefully analyze the subordinate clauses: in them, how and what can be both unions and allied words.

Wed: He said he'd be back for dinner (what- union). - I know, what he will do tomorrow (what- union word); I heard a child crying behind the wall (as- union). - I know, as she loves her son (as- union word).

In the subordinate clause, the union how can be replaced by the union what, cf .: I heard a child crying behind the wall. - I heard a child crying behind the wall.

2) What is union in two cases:

a) as part of a double union than ... so:

b) in subordinate clauses of such complex sentences that have an adjective, an adverb in a comparative degree or words in the main part different, other, different.

He turned out to be more enduring than we thought; Than counting gossips to work, is it not better to turn on yourself, godfather(Krylov).

3) Where, where, from where, who, why, why, how much, which, which, whose are allied words and cannot be unions.

I know where he hides; I know where he will go; I know who did it; I know why he did it; I know why he said it; I know how long it took him to renovate the apartment; I know what our holiday will be like; I know whose briefcase it is.

When parsing a subordinate clause as a simple one, the following mistake is very often made: the meaning of the subordinate clause is transferred to the meaning of the allied word. To avoid such a mistake, try to replace the allied word with the corresponding demonstrative word and determine which member of the sentence this word is.

Wed: I know where he is hiding. - There he hides.

allied words which, what, whose in the attributive clause can be replaced by the noun to which this clause refers.

Wed: Tell me the story that mother loved(Hermann). - Mom loved fairy tales; Stuart Yakovlevich is such a steward as there is not in the world. - Such a steward and not in the world.

The reverse error is also possible: the meaning of the allied word is transferred to the meaning of the subordinate. In order not to be mistaken, put the question from the main clause to the subordinate clause.

I know(what?), when he will return; I know(what?), where he was- accessory clauses; He returned to the city(which city?) where spent his youth; That day(what day?) when we met, I will never forget- adjectives.

In addition, in the attributive clause allied words where, where, where, when can be replaced by the allied word which.

Wed: He returned to the city where spent his youth. He returned to the city wherein spent his youth That day, when we met, I will not forget. - That day, in which we met, I will not forget.

4. Demonstratives are found in the main clause and usually answer the same questions, have the same syntactic meaning as the subordinate clauses. The main function of demonstrative words is to be a harbinger of a subordinate clause. Therefore, in most cases, the demonstrative word can tell you what type the subordinate clause belongs to:

He returned to that city, where spent my youth (that- definition; adverbial attributive); He stayed so to prove my innocence (so- purpose circumstance; adverbial purpose); Read so that nobody saw the note (So- circumstance of the mode of action, measure and degree; adverbial modus operandi and degree).

Way of expressing pointer words

Discharge	Word list	Examples
1. Demonstrative pronouns and pronominal adverbs	That, this, such, there, there, from there, then, so, so much, so much, because, because and etc.	So this is the gift that he promised to give her in ten years.(Paustovsky). Read it so no one sees(Leskov). There is no greatness where there is no simplicity, goodness and truth(L. Tolstoy).
2. Definitive pronouns and pronominal adverbs	All, all, each, everyone, everywhere, everywhere, always and etc.	The whole day that we spent in Zagorsk, I remember every minute(Fedoseev). Everywhere we've been, we see traces of desolation(Soloukhin).
3. Negative pronouns and pronominal adverbs	Nobody, nothing, nowhere, never and etc.	I don't know anyone who could replace the old count(Leskov).
4. Indefinite pronouns and pronominal adverbs	Someone, something, somewhere, sometime and etc.	For some reason we didn't know about, everyone in the house spoke in whispers and walked almost inaudibly.(Leskov).
5. Nouns and whole combinations of nouns with demonstrative pronouns	Provided (what, if, when), at the time (when, how), in the event (when, if), for the reason (that), for the purpose (to), to the extent (that)	And this succeeds if he himself treats words indifferently and unusually(Marshak). I decided to dine alone for the reason that lunch fell on Butler's watch(Greene).

According to the number of grammatical bases, sentences are divided into simple and complex. Compound sentences consist of two or more parts (simple sentences) combined intonationally, in meaning and grammatically:

Hewn drogs sang, plains and bushes run.

By the nature of the means of communication of the parts, complex sentences are divided into allied and non-union. In allied sentences, parts are connected by unions or allied words, and in non-union sentences - by intonation. Allied proposals are divided into compound and complex ones.

In this article, we will consider compound sentences. We will pay special attention to punctuation in compound sentences, and also learn how to find a compound sentence in the text.

Compound sentences

Compound sentences(SSP) are such complex sentences, parts of which are connected by coordinating conjunctions:

I ordered to go to the commandant, and a couple of minutes later the wagon stopped in front of a small house built on a high hill, near a wooden church.

The parts of a compound sentence are independent of each other: there are no main and subordinate clauses, and you cannot ask a question from one part to another.

Parts of the SSP can be connected by the following unions (coordinating unions):

1) connecting and, yes (=and), neither ... nor, also, too : The telegraph wire hummed faintly, and here and there hawks rested;

2) adversative but, but, yes (= but), however, but, but, otherwise, not that : The game and dinner were already over, but the guests had not yet left.

3) separating or, either, whether ... whether, then ... that, not that ... not that, either ... either, or ... or: Now everything in it breathes truth, now everything in it is feigned and false;

4) connecting yes, yes and, and also, yes, but, also in an attached meaning in combination with adverbs more, because , prepositions moreover, besides and particles here, even : The door was closed, there was no one in the house, and was it worth waiting for another?

5) gradation: not only .. but also, not so much .. how much, not that .. but, although ... but : It's not that he didn't try to be on time, but it was just hard for him to meet the deadline.

SSP should be distinguished from a simple sentence complicated by homogeneous members: Go in for sports and you will always be healthy - this is the SSP, since two verbs in different forms (in different moods) cannot be homogeneous members; The TV was sent to the workshop, and there it was repaired - SSP, because. refers to different actors.

Punctuation marks in a compound sentence

, with. .

A comma is placed between parts of the SSP: Stand in his place, and you will understand the motive of his actions.

- with. .

A dash is put instead of a comma in case of unexpected attachment, sharp opposition or emphasis on causal relationships between parts of the BSC: One jump - and his light silhouette is already visible on the roof.

; with. .

A semicolon is used if the sentences are widely distributed and there is no close relationship between them:

Tatyana, on the advice of the nanny

Gathering to tell fortunes at night,

Quietly ordered in the bath

Set the table for two appliances;

But Tatyana suddenly became afraid.(A.S.P.)

A comma between the SSP is not put only in exceptional cases, when the parts are connected by a single union AND, OR, OR, YES (= AND) and parts of the SSP:

[gen. ] and .

have a common secondary member of the sentence (addition or circumstance): Heavy trucks were moving along the streets and cars were racing.

and , (gen.).

have a common subordinate clause: When spring comes, the days become longer and all living things bloom.

Common [ +++, ] and .

have a common introductory word or sentence: Perhaps the forms have already been tested and there are already results.

[ Only ] and .

have a common particle ONLY, ONLY, etc.: Only a blizzard makes noise and birches sway.

[ Name ] and [ nam. ],

are nominal sentences: Golden domes and bells.

and ?

are interrogative: What time is it now and how soon will we arrive at the place?

and !

are exclamatory: How wonderfully he speaks, and how sincere his words!

[ Wake up ] and [ prompt. ].

are motivating: May there be peace and people be happy.

[Anonymous. ] and [ impersonal ].

are impersonal sentences with the same form of the predicate or synonyms in the composition of the predicate: Wet and damp.

How to find a compound sentence in a text?

We can find a compound sentence by three signs:

1) First, we are looking for a complex sentence (with two or more grammatical bases);

2) Secondly, in a specific complex sentence, we determine which union (coordinating or subordinating) its parts are connected with;

3) Thirdly, we find out whether it is possible to ask a question from one part to another.

For example:

The battalion commander stood up in the sun, and a thousand lights shone on the golden carving of his saber.

1) There are 2 grammatical bases in this sentence ( battalion commander got up - a thousand lights shone);

2) The parts are connected by a coordinating union And

3) Parts of the sentence are equal, you can not ask a question.

Conclusion: we have a compound sentence.

before the main sentence:

Since Nonna refused Andrei, the old man was officially dry with Nonna.(Panova).

(Since), .

Adventitious adjectives can stand after main clause:

what leads through the grove(Goncharov).

, (what)

Adverbial clauses can stand in the middle of the main sentence:

And in the evening, when all cats are gray, the prince went to breathe clean air(Leskov).

[ , (when), ]

2. Adverbial clauses can refer to one word in the main or to the whole main offer.

To one word The main clause includes the following types of subordinate clauses:

subordinate subjects;
predicates (according to another classification, subject and predicate clauses are classified as pronoun-defining clauses);
defining;
additional (according to another classification - explanatory);
mode of action and extent.

To the whole main offer usually include the following types of subordinate clauses:

subordinate places, times, causes, consequences, comparisons, goals, conditions, concessions (that is, adverbial types of subordinate clauses, except for the subordinate modes of action and degree).

Adverbial clauses, except for the mode and degree clauses, as a rule, refer to the entire main clause, but the question to them is usually asked from the predicate.

The typology of subordinate clauses is given according to the textbook: Babaitseva V.V., Chesnokova L.D. Russian language: Theory. 5-9 cells: Proc. for general education institutions.

3. The means of communication between the subordinate and main clauses are:

in a subordinate clause- subordinating conjunctions ( what, to, for, bye, when, how, if etc.) or allied words ( which, which, who, what, how, where, where, from where, when and etc.);
in the main sentence- pointing words ( that, such, there, there, because, because etc.).

Unions and allied words are the main means of communication in a complex sentence.

Indicative words in the main clause may or may not be.

Conjunctions and allied words usually stand at the beginning of a subordinate clause and serve as an indicator of the boundary between the main and the subordinate clause.

Exception makes up the particle union li, which is in the middle of the subordinate clause. Pay attention to this!

Distinguishing unions and allied words

Unions	allied words
1. They are not members of the proposal, for example: He said his sister won't be back for dinner(which is a union, is not a member of the proposal).	1. They are members of a subordinate clause, for example: She kept her eyes on the road what leads through the grove(the allied word that is the subject).
2. Often (but not always!) the union can be removed from the subordinate clause, cf .: He said that his sister would not be back for dinner. - He said: sister will not be back for dinner.	2. Since the allied word is a member of the subordinate clause, it cannot be removed without changing the meaning, for example: She kept her eyes on the road what leads through the grove; impossible: She did not take her eyes off the road, leads through the grove.
3. The union cannot be logically stressed.	3. A logical stress may fall on the allied word, for example: I know what he will do tomorrow.
4. After the union, you cannot put particles of the same, namely.	4. After the allied word, you can put particles of the same, namely, cf .: I know what he will do tomorrow; I know exactly what he will do tomorrow.
5. The conjunction cannot be replaced by a demonstrative pronoun or a pronominal adverb.	5. The allied word can be replaced by a demonstrative pronoun or a pronominal adverb, cf.: I know what he will do tomorrow. - I know: he will do it tomorrow; I know where he was yesterday. - I know he was there yesterday.

Note!

When is union in adventitious time ( My father passed away when I was sixteen. Leskov) and in the subordinate condition ( When you need the devil, then go to hell! Gogol).

Particularly carefully analyze the subordinate clauses: in them, how and what can be both unions and allied words.

In the subordinate clause, the union how can be replaced by the union what, cf .: I heard a child crying behind the wall. - I heard a child crying behind the wall.

2) What is union in two cases:

a) as part of a double union than ... so:

b) in subordinate clauses of such complex sentences that have an adjective, an adverb in a comparative degree or words in the main part different, other, different.

He turned out to be more enduring than we thought; Than counting gossips to work, is it not better to turn on yourself, godfather(Krylov).

3) Where, where, from where, who, why, why, how much, which, which, whose are allied words and cannot be unions.

Wed: I know where he is hiding. - There he hides.

allied words which, what, whose in the attributive clause can be replaced by the noun to which this clause refers.

Wed: Tell me the story that mother loved(Hermann). - Mom loved fairy tales; Stuart Yakovlevich is such a steward as there is not in the world. - Such a steward and not in the world.

In addition, in the attributive clause allied words where, where, where, when can be replaced by the allied word which.

Wed: He returned to the city where spent his youth. He returned to the city wherein spent his youth That day, when we met, I will not forget. - That day, in which we met, I will not forget.

Way of expressing pointer words

Discharge	Word list	Examples
1. Demonstrative pronouns and pronominal adverbs	That, this, such, there, there, from there, then, so, so much, so much, because, because and etc.	So this is the gift that he promised to give her in ten years.(Paustovsky). Read it so no one sees(Leskov). There is no greatness where there is no simplicity, goodness and truth(L. Tolstoy).
2. Definitive pronouns and pronominal adverbs	All, all, each, everyone, everywhere, everywhere, always and etc.	The whole day that we spent in Zagorsk, I remember every minute(Fedoseev). Everywhere we've been, we see traces of desolation(Soloukhin).
3. Negative pronouns and pronominal adverbs	Nobody, nothing, nowhere, never and etc.	I don't know anyone who could replace the old count(Leskov).
4. Indefinite pronouns and pronominal adverbs	Someone, something, somewhere, sometime and etc.	For some reason we didn't know about, everyone in the house spoke in whispers and walked almost inaudibly.(Leskov).
5. Nouns and whole combinations of nouns with demonstrative pronouns	Provided (what, if, when), at the time (when, how), in the event (when, if), for the reason (that), for the purpose (to), to the extent (that)	And this succeeds if he himself treats words indifferently and unusually(Marshak). I decided to dine alone for the reason that lunch fell on Butler's watch(Greene).

What is a complex sentence? Every student asked this question. How easy is it to determine which sentence is in front of you: simple or complex? It's pretty easy, the main thing is to know a few tricky features.

What is a complex sentence: definition, types and examples

A complex sentence is a sentence that has more than one stem in its composition, they are interconnected by subordinating unions. Also, parts of such a sentence can be combined. It should be noted that along with complex sentences, there are also compound sentences in which the parts are connected by the unions “and”, “but”, “a”, in some cases there is a union “yes”. So, before determining which sentence is in front of you, you need to note the grammatical foundations, if there are two or more of them, then you need to ask a question from one of them. The part from which the question is asked is called the main part, and to which the question is asked is called the subordinate.

A complex sentence, examples of which will be given below, may include several types of connection of parts, for example, parallel, serial. In parallel, the question is asked from the main part to the rest, in sequential - from each to the next. This suggests that in a complex sentence, dependent parts are always unequal.

What is a complex sentence? Now there is an answer to this question: this is a sentence with unequal dependent parts that are connected by a subordinating union. Now we need to move on to classification. are attributive, circumstantial, which, in turn, have about 7 more subspecies, as well as explanatory. The first type is the type of sentence, when the dependent part answers the questions of adjectives, that is, it creates an emotional coloring of the sentence. For example: "The garden, because of which the house was not visible, was a famous place in the city." explanatory answers the questions of all cases, except for the nominative. This can easily be confused with the attributive, so it is very important to ask the right question. For example: "Nikita was thinking about the same things his sister had said before."

The largest group is complex sentences with adverbial clauses, there are about 7 additional subclauses: clauses, causes, goals, conditions, places, consequences, and others. It is quite easy to distinguish them: all questions that can be asked to adverbs will be asked in this case. Therefore, it is usually simple and easy to define a part.

What is The answer to this question can be found in the article. In addition to the definition, the article presents all classifications of types of subordination, as well as types of subordinate parts. With such information, you can safely go to the unified state exam, because some of the questions aimed at an advanced level are connected precisely with the task-determining the type or type of subordination of parts in a sentence.