THE CEMETERY OF THE BROTHERHOOD OF THE HOLY PRINCE VLADIMIR IN TEGEL A historical corner of Berlin is the Tegel district, where the scientists brothers Alexander and Wilhelm Humboldt lived and are buried. Once Tegel was located quite far from Berlin, and here the Russian brotherhood in the name of

THE FAITHFUL SONS OF RUSSIA (NAMED AFTER ALEXANDER NEVSKY) Established in 2000 by the Russian general political movement "Sons of Russia" (leader Viktor Stolpovskikh). Awarded in the following categories: Poetry; Prose; Publicism. The cash equivalent of the award is $2,000. The first chairman of the jury was

Alexander Nevsky Cathedral The Alexander Nevsky Cathedral in Paris is the main Orthodox church in France. The full name is St. Alexander Nevsky Cathedral in Paris. The construction of the church was carried out on donations made by Russians in Russia and around the world.

Alexander Nevsky Square and Street Both names are associated with the Alexander Nevsky Lavra, dedicated to the holy noble prince Alexander Yaroslavich Nevsky (1220-1263). According to a popular legend, it was here in 1240 that he defeated the Swedes in the Battle of the Neva.

"For Labor and Fatherland".

Motto of the Order of Saint Alexander Nevsky

May 21 (June 1), 1725 according to the will of Peter I by the highest decree of the Empress Catherine I One of the highest awards of the Russian Empire was established - the Order in the name of the Holy Blessed Grand Duke Alexander Nevsky.

prince-commanderAlexander Nevskiy was highly revered in Russia, he became famous for his victories over the Swedes (Battle of the Neva 1240 ) and the German Knights of the Teutonic Order (Ice Battle of 1242 ). In 1724, by order of Emperor Peter I, the relics of the holy noble prince Alexander Nevsky were solemnly transported from Vladimir to the new capital of the Russian state - St.Alexander Nevsky Lavra . The memory of the saint, by decree of Peter I, began to be celebrated on August 30 (September 10), on the day of the conclusion of the victoriousNishtad peace with Sweden.

The Order of St. Alexander Nevsky was conceived by Peter I as an exclusively military award, but during his lifetime the emperor did not have time to fulfill his intention.

The first awarding of the order was made in connection with the marriage of the daughter of Peter I and Catherine I, Princess Anna Petrovna, with the Duke of Schleswig-Holstein, Karl-Friedrich. Among the eighteen people who became knights of the newly established Russian order that day, there were not only military, but also civilians. Thus, the Order of Alexander Nevsky became an award awarded both for military merit and for public service.

In total, under Catherine I, the Order of Alexander Nevsky was issued to sixty-three persons (not counting the Empress herself). In the second quarter and middle of the 18th century, before the reign of Catherine II , the Order of Alexander Nevsky was issued about three hundred times. His knights were: Major General P. A. Rumyantsev , for distinction in the battle of Kunersdorf, general-in-chief A.P. Hannibal, lieutenant-general V.I. Suvorov, former governor-general of Prussia during the Seven Years' War, president Academy of Sciences K. G. Razumovsky, one of the foundersMoscow University I. I. Shuvalov , educator and public figure I. I. Betskoy and others.

During the reign of Empress Catherine II, more than 250 people became holders of the Order of St. Alexander Nevsky. Among them, Major General A. V. Suvorov , General of Infantry M. I. Kutuzov, Vice Admirals F. F. Ushakov and de Ribas; Privy Councilor, famous historian and collector of ancient manuscripts - A. I. Musin-Pushkin.

Under Paul I, the Order of St. Alexander Nevsky was awarded to 80 people. high award was awarded statesman and public figure, admiral, president Russian Academy Sciences, Minister of Public Education A. S. Shishkov.

The statute of the Order of Alexander Nevsky was published on April 5 (16), 1797. From the same year, the signs of the order began to be decorated with diamonds, which was its highest degree. Such orders were awarded to both Russian and foreign citizens. The statute did not establish a limit on the number of gentlemen.

The cross of the order was covered with red enamel on the front and back sides. On the front side in the middle of the cross was placed the image of St. Alexander Nevsky on horseback, and between the ends of the cross were two-headed eagles under the imperial crown. The order's silver eight-pointed star in the center had a rosette with the monogram "SA" under the prince's crown. Around the circumference on a red background, the motto of the order was applied in gold letters: "For Labor and the Fatherland."

Since 1844, when awarding the order to persons of non-Christian faith, instead of the image of Alexander Nevsky and his monogram, the imperial Russian eagle was depicted on the sign. And from August 1855, two crossed swords were added to the signs of orders granted for military exploits.

The order cross was worn on a red moire ribbon worn over the left shoulder, and a star on the left side of the chest. There was one peculiarity in the wearing rules: the cavaliers of the Order of St. Andrew the First-Called did not wear the Alexander ribbon at all, and the order cross was worn on a narrow ribbon around the neck.

As a state award, the Order of Alexander Nevsky was abolished in 1917.

During Great Patriotic War in 1942, the Soviet Order of Alexander Nevsky was established, which was awarded to commanders from platoons to divisions inclusive, who showed personal courage and ensured the successful actions of their units. Until the end of the war, this order was awarded to 40 thousand 217 officers of the Soviet Army.

Lit: Durov V. A. Russian awards of the 18th - early 20th centuries. M., 1997;Simonov A. A., Zakatov A. N. Imperial Orders of Russia (1698-1997). M., 1997; Shishkov C . C. Awards of Russia. 1698-1917 2003. Vol. 1.

The Order of St. Blessed Prince Alexander Nevsky was a Russian state award for a long time - in the period 1725 -1917. This award was established immediately after the death of Peter the Great by his wife, Catherine I. The Order of St. A. Nevsky was the 3rd Russian award.

How the order was established

The idea of ​​establishing such an order came to the king after the signing of a peace treaty with Sweden, which took place in the city of Nystadt. But according to Peter, the award should have been awarded only for military exploits, by analogy with the Order of St. Louis, which existed in France.

There is evidence that as early as 1722, 3 years before the death of Peter, orders were already minted. In particular, scarlet sashes were made. This was done similarly to the French order, the ribbon of which was distinguished by the same shade. But the emperor did not have time to establish an award.

05/21/1725, when the eldest daughter of Peter, Anna, married the Duke of Holstein, Catherine I presented the signs of the Order of St. A. Nevsky to her daughter's husband and some guests. Among them were military and civilians, only 15 people. In addition, 4 court grooms received the award.

On June 22, 1725, the Empress awarded Lieutenant General M. A. Matyushkin with the badges of the Order. Mikhail Afanasyevich made a great contribution to the capture of Baku. After the end of the war with Persia, the king entrusted him to manage all the territories located on the shores of the Caspian Sea.

Peace of Nystad

The Northern War, which lasted more than 20 years - from 1700 to 1721. ended with the signing of a peace treaty. This significant event took place on August 30, 1721, according to the old style, in the town of Nystadt. On the Russian side, the document was signed by J. Bruce and A. Osterman. From the Swedish - J. Lillenstedt and O. Stremfeld.

As a result, the border between Russia and Sweden changed, which had previously been established by the Stolbovsky Treaty, signed in 1617. The Swedish side agreed with the annexation of some of its territories to the Russian Empire. Russia, in turn, had to return Finland to Sweden and pay compensation.

How the order was established

The day of St. A. Nevsky is August 30th. It was then in 1725 that the next awarding of a new order took place. This date is considered the day of its establishment. Then Catherine I herself became a knight of the order. In addition, 22 people were awarded along with the queen. Almost all of them, with one exception, were holders of the Order of St. A. the First-Called. King Augustus II of Poland and Frederick IV, the Danish ruler, became knights.

Among the recipients were other high-ranking persons, in particular, A.D. Menshikov, G.I. Golovkin, A.I. Repnin, Ya.V. Bruce. 3 dukes, who were relatives, became cavaliers royal family.

This moment is considered the date of foundation of the Order of St. A. Nevsky. It began to be awarded to people in the rank of lieutenant general or higher. Cavaliers could become civilians who were secret advisers. However, there were exceptions. Before the accession of Paul, more than 60 persons who had the rank of Major General or State Councilor became cavaliers.

From that day on, there was a tradition to award this order to the holders of the Order of St. A. the First-Called. First of all, this concerned foreigners and royal children. From that moment on, our compatriots first became knights of St. A. Nevsky, after which St. A. the First-Called.

Alexander Nevskiy

During the long war with Sweden, Peter the Great revived the veneration of Prince A.Ya. Nevsky. This was done because Alexander Yaroslavich at the beginning of the 13th century became famous for his victories over the Swedish troops. Everyone knew about the Battle of the Neva and the Battle of the Ice. On the eve of the Battle of Kulikovo, the relics of the prince were discovered. At the same time, the tradition of celebrating Alexander appeared.

Domestic military leaders turned to the patronage of the prince later. In 1547, A. Nevsky was canonized by the Russian Orthodox Church as a saint. In 1710, on the Nevsky bank, where, according to historical information, Alexander defeated the Swedish troops in the Battle of the Neva, Peter the Great founded the monastery named after the Holy Trinity and St. A. Nevsky.

But that legendary battle took place in the wrong place. The battle took place 40 miles higher. It was there that in the 16th century a wooden church was built in honor of a significant event. Most likely, another battle took place on the site where the monastery was founded. In 1301, the Swedish troops were defeated by Andrew, son of Alexander. At the same time, the Landskronu fortress was demolished.

On August 30, 1721, the Peace of Nystad was signed. On the same day, the relics of A. Nevsky, who had previously been in Vladimir, the tsar decided to transfer to St. Petersburg. Thus, the prince was to become the patron of the new capital. 2 years after the conclusion of the peace treaty, the king again visited the monastery. At the same time, he approved the decision to transfer the relics of the saint to the Alexander Monastery.

This decree was carried out on August 11, 1723. The whole ancient Vladimir saw off the shrine. The ark, in which the relics were placed, moved by land through Moscow and Tver, then they sailed along Lake Ilmenskoye. Through Novgorod they got to Ladoga and along the Neva they ended up in St. Petersburg.

Archimandrite Sergius was always with the relics. So the Holy Synod decided. The ark was greeted by a huge number of people along the whole road. Since the relics did not have time to be delivered to St. Petersburg on the anniversary of the signing of the Peace of Nystadt, they were left in the church in Shlisselburg, and they were delivered to the capital exactly one year later. Everything took place in a very solemn atmosphere.

The king met the ark in Ust-Izhora. As they approached Petersburg, galleys joined the procession. Under the accompaniment of cannon shots, the tsar personally brought the ark into the church at the monastery of A. Nevsky. Then the church was consecrated. Below it is the Lower Annunciation Church. Her consecration took place 2 years later. Below it is a tomb in which some members of the royal family, high-ranking officials, in particular, Generalissimo A. Suvorov, were buried. The relics of these people were until 1790. After that, they were moved to the Trinity Cathedral of the Alexander Nevsky Lavra.

Badges of the Order

For 72 years, the Order of St. A. Nevsky did not have a Statute. The same thing happened with the Order of St. A. the First-Called. Statutes for these awards appeared only in 1797 under Tsar Paul. It was then that the "Institution" was issued, which said what should be appearance award marks.

It was assumed that the order was supposed to be located on a scarlet ribbon. The cross was of the same color, with two-headed eagles between its ends. In the center was depicted A. Nevsky on horseback. On the back of the badge was the monogram of the saint. The star was made of silver, in its middle was the monogram of A. Nevsky. Around it, the motto of the order was located: "for labor and the Fatherland."

The clothing of the order was a long scarlet epancha. It was made of velvet and trimmed with white taffeta. The hat is also velvet, but black. A white feather with scarlet was attached to it. Like other orders, this award had its own seal, the diameter of which was 7.5 cm. The image of a star was placed on it. Around it was a ribbon, to which a cross was attached.

The order had a master of ceremonies. He was supposed to wear a badge around his neck. The secretary and 2 heralds wore them in their buttonholes. The clothes of the master of ceremonies differed only in an epancha, the length of which was shorter and there was no star on it. In addition, this person was supposed to have a cane with a head.

Over time, the signs have changed several times. This happened for the first time in 1819. The scarlet glass that covered the fields of the cross was replaced with enamel. The first copies with enamel were made by A.V. Panov.

After that, in 1856, the shape of the eagles changed. They began to correspond to the eagles on the coat of arms of the country - their wings became raised. The following year, the standard of gold, from which the signs were minted, changed. 72 was replaced by 56. Since 1845, a double-headed eagle was placed on signs awarded to non-Christians instead of A. Nevsky.

Since 1855, crossed swords began to be placed on the signs that a person was awarded for military exploits. Until 1854, those awarded with the award of signs also received embroidered stars. The latter were made of silver thread. In addition, silver sequins, foil, and other details were used in their manufacture.

Similar products differed from each other in size. They were not required to be returned to the Chapter after the death of the owner. Since 1854, when awarding the order, stars made of 84 silver were provided.

Order badges trimmed with diamonds

In the "Ordinance" adopted under Paul, it was specifically said about the rules for wearing signs that are trimmed with precious stones. It was noted that no person is allowed to wear signs of any order, trimmed with diamonds and other jewelry. The only exceptions were signs granted by the king.

As a result, the badges with jewels began to be considered the senior degrees of the order. Such awards were allowed to be left in the family of the gentleman. Such products were quite expensive (up to 20 thousand rubles in banknotes). The owners of such signs had the right to hand them over to the Emperor's Cabinet and they were given an amount equal to the price of the award. So, for example, did the hero of Borodin N. Raevsky, who made a gift to his daughter with the funds received. A tenth of the value of the award went to charity.

In total, from the moment the "Institution" was published until the 17th year of the 20th century, 1275 persons received signs with diamonds. Among them were 24 orders with swords. Twice 5 people received badges with jewels. Among them are Count F. Palen, composer S. Taneyev.

Temple of the Order

From the moment of consecration, the Trinity Cathedral became the temple of the Order of St. A. Nevsky. The consecration procedure was carried out by Metropolitan Gabriel. The ceremony was attended by the recipients of the award, including Tsarina Catherine II. Date of consecration - 08/30/1790. At the same time, under the shots from the cannons, the relics of the saint were brought into the cathedral.

The queen made luxurious gifts to the temple. Among them was the golden image "Prayer for the Chalice", made by Italian masters, several expensive paintings by famous artists, and much more. The following year, the Feodorovsky building was reconstructed. There, a special hall was built for the holders of the order. In 1797, the entrance to the cathedral was decorated with the image of the Order.

Every year on August 30, all the knights were located near the tomb of A. Nevsky. She was silver. It was completed in the middle of the 18th century according to the sketch of the Grotto at the Mint. Today the tomb is an exhibit of the Hermitage. On the left side of it was the image of the Vladimir Mother of God. According to legend, Alexander Nevsky himself owned it.

Since 1743, a religious procession has been held on this holiday. People walked along Nevsky Prospekt to the Lavra. Knights of the order and even kings took part in this event.

Charity

According to the decree of the king, starting from 1747, the holders of the order were obliged to engage in charity. They were supposed to supervise Moscow and St. Petersburg orphanages. They were in charge of the Invalid House in Moscow, other institutions. Cavaliers were obliged to watch the shelters for the poor, to do much more.

Tsar Paul founded a special commission. And it included 6 holders of the order. The task of the commission was to monitor all institutions patronized by the order. The members of the commission changed every four years. In addition to this charitable activity, the gentlemen had to pay 200 rubles to the Capitol. The money went to the needs of wards.

Tsar Alexander II doubled the contribution in 1960. The amount remained unchanged until the 17th year. The collection was also supposed to be handed over for the application of the seals of the order to the certificate for the award. If swords complained to the award, the gentleman was obliged to pay 200 rubles.

But Emperor Peter I died without having time to fulfill his intention. The first awards of the new order took place already under Empress Catherine I on May 26, 1725, on the wedding day of Princess Anna Petrovna and the Schleswig-Holstein Duke Karl-Friedrich (who later established the Order of St. Anna in honor of his wife). Among the 18 gentlemen were not only the military, but also civilians. Thus, the Order of St. Alexander Nevsky became an award awarded both for military merit and for public service.

Statute of the Order

On August 30, 1725, on the anniversary of the transfer of the relics of the Holy Blessed Grand Duke Alexander Nevsky, Empress Catherine I placed on herself the insignia of his order, which significantly increased the status of this award.

The statute of the order was published on April 5, 1797. From the same year, the signs of the order began to be decorated with diamonds, which was its highest degree. Such orders were awarded to both Russian and foreign citizens. The statute does not establish a limit on the number of gentlemen.

According to the Decree of August 5, 1855, “the Orders awarded for military exploits” were joined by crossed swords passing through the middle of the cross and stars.

The motto of the order: "For Labor and the Fatherland."

The order consists of signs: a golden cross with the image of St. Alexander Nevsky, a red ribbon and an eight-pointed star.

The order was worn: a cross on a ribbon 10 cm wide over the left shoulder, a star on the left side of the chest.

Description of the Order

The cross is golden, covered with red enamel on the front and back sides. On the front side in the middle of the cross, in a rosette, on a white field, the image of St. Alexander Nevsky on horseback. On the reverse side of the order, in a rosette, on a white field, the monogram "SA" (Saint Alexander) under the Prince's Crown. Between the ends of the cross are two-headed eagles under the imperial crown, with spread wings, with which they are connected to each other.

Star silver eight-pointed. In the center of the star, in a rosette, on a white background, the monogram "SA" under the prince's crown. Around the circumference, on a red background, there is an inscription in gold letters: “For Labor and Fatherland”. Below are two laurel branches covered with green enamel.