Geology club for kids. Program of work of the geological circle. Experimental work. We invite everyone to join our friendly team

Club “Young Geologist” Recruits schoolchildren in grades 1-9

Training takes place in the form of lectures and practical classes in geology, mineralogy and paleontology.
Open lessons are organized with specialists and researchers.
The children visit geological museums, exhibitions, as well as interesting objects in the Moscow region.
Trips are organized for young geologists to different parts of our country (during the holidays). We visited Adygea, on the island. Baikal, in Kazan, Zheleznogorsk, Tyumen, etc.
Students of the circle take part in geological competitions, competitions, and olympiads (including at Moscow State University)
Once every two years, in the summer, the team of our circle participates in the gathering of “Young Geologists” of the Central Regions of Russia. The guys compete in various geological disciplines, live in tents and actively spend their leisure time.
Children's themed camps are organized annually in summer and winter.

We invite everyone to join our friendly team!!!

By studying in our club, children will receive:

Knowledge in sciences such as geology, mineralogy, paleontology.
The opportunity to find interesting samples of minerals and remains of ancient animals, to form your own collection.
They will visit interesting geological sites (mines, quarries, caves) and various corners of Russia.
They will find new friends and enjoy a real camping life.

Club classes are free!!!

Geology is the science of the material composition and history of the earth's crust. Geology teaches us to understand all geological phenomena in their interconnection and development. There is a need to equip schoolchildren with knowledge that reveals the history of the development of the Earth. This is facilitated by the geological circle “YOUNG GEOLOGIST”. The circle has been operating for more than three years.

Classes take place on the territory of the educational and entertainment center GEOPARK. On weekends and during school holidays, geological routes and hikes are organized in the Moscow region and other regions (Karelia, Caucasus, St. Petersburg, Kazan, Altai and much more). During the school year, children participate in olympiads, rallies, are invited to participate in competitions and exhibitions, visit museums, write research papers and make reports. The circle provides career guidance and prepares children for admission to universities to study in specialties related to geology, subsoil use, environmental protection, construction, etc.

Geology studies the structure of the Earth, the patterns of its development and composition. It is the main one among many “daughter” sciences - about the earth’s crust, about modern geological processes, etc. Many centuries ago, geology was placed in contrast to the consonant theology - a purely spiritual science.

Geology occupies a special, worthy place among the natural sciences. It is not included in the school curriculum, but is of some interest to the younger generation. Children in circles, clubs and other associations in our city can receive not only theoretical information related to geology, but also a lot of practical skills - from first aid in the field to hydro- and radiometry. Geological gatherings and conferences are regularly held where young researchers can present the results of their scientific and practical activities and defend them.

The field of study “Geology” is quite popular at universities in our country. A wide field of activity opens up for young scientists - literally and figuratively. The natural features of our country provide rich soil for study by many researchers - from the youngest to recognized ones, professors and academicians.

How to dress for a young geologist

Before heading to the mountains, every traveler needs to think about equipment and gear. Let's start from the bottom: light, durable, comfortable shoes with rubber soles (or even better, microporous ones) are suitable for hiking. If the sole is leather, then it should have spikes, like football boots. Before going out on the route, shoes should be worn in and not worn on bare feet. Of course, no high heels! Clothing should also be light, durable and comfortable. The best option is a cotton suit like a ski suit. A straw hat with an elastic band that holds it in place in strong winds can serve as a headdress.

What qualities does a geologist need?

A famous Soviet song sang: “Hold on, geologist! Brace yourself, geologist. You are a brother to the wind and the sun." And indeed: the work of a geologist is not easy. The romance of travel and great discoveries is only the external side of the profession for those who have nothing to do with research. In the deep bowels of the earth, geologists look for minerals: coal, oil, precious stones, salt, as well as water and other natural resources. They have to overcome many difficulties before making the discovery of a particular deposit. A geologist must be an unpretentious person, ready for everyday inconveniences. Participants in geological expeditions often live in tents and cook over a fire. Representatives of this profession have to conquer mountain peaks, descend into deep caves, and travel hundreds of kilometers. Therefore, when choosing the profession of a geologist, you need to take care of your physical fitness. A geologist must be a strong, physically strong and seasoned person. Scientists have different techniques and tools in their arsenal. Geologists navigate the terrain using a map and compass. Such qualities of a geologist as honesty, courage, loyalty to duty and willingness to help colleagues are also valued.

How to arrange and maintain your home collection of stones and minerals?

Collecting has always been considered a noble activity, which testifies to the taste of the collector and owner. How to properly store stones and minerals? First of all, for each sample you need to choose its own “home” - a box with cells or a bag. Otherwise, collection items may damage each other when they come into contact. In this case, it is better to use zip bags with zippers - this way the stones and minerals will not be affected by dust and moisture. Each sample must be accompanied by a label with its data. It is better that each package is numbered, and it is recommended to create an inventory of items on a separate sheet and on the computer, to which you can add found or purchased minerals or stones.

Currently, the children's and youth geological movement is an important component of the patriotic and environmental education of young people, the first step in a long and arduous process of training personnel for the geological industry. He is tasked with ensuring the continuity of generations in the field of professional geological activity, increasing the educational level of the individual and high moral standards of the participants in this process. And where, if not at school, can one instill interest in this area.

Since today the program and methodological materials for studying geology available at school do not suit me due to the heavy workload of theory and the small proportion of practical hours, I compiled my own program.

The program of the geological circle is built on the basis of the Program of the optional course in geology (author V.P. Golov), the book by A.P. Suchkova and T.P. Pitolina “First steps into geology” - 2005, Program of the “Young Geologists” circle Antonyuk N.P. – 2005 and our own developments in topics.

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Municipal budgetary educational institution

"Vysokogorsk secondary school No. 1"

Vysokogorsky municipal district of the Republic of Tatarstan"

TEACHER'S WORK PROGRAM

(additional education)

Avvakumova G.M.

"Mineralogy and Petrography"

Number of hours per program: 34

Number of hours according to the curriculum: 34

Geography teacher:Avvakumova Guzel Mazgarovna

High Mountain, 2016-2017

Explanatory note

Course objectives:

Expanding students' horizons.
In-depth study of topics related to geology.
Formation of sustainable interest in Earth sciences.

Classes in the circle should develop the following skills:

1. Distinguish between rocks, minerals, and minerals of your region.

2. Independently sketch, describe rock outcrops, and compile collections.

4. Work with popular scientific literature and reference books.

5. Promote geological knowledge in school.

6. Design geological exhibitions.

Course objectives:

studying the basics of geological science;
developing the ability to work with various sources of geological knowledge and geological instruments;
consolidation and development of students’ motivation to study the subject “Geology” or its disciplines;
creating a situation of success for each student in the classroom;
identifying abilities and inclinations that may help in the student’s professional self-determination;
nurturing patriotic feelings for one’s Motherland and caring for its natural resources.

This course is educational, scientific and research in nature. Theoretical classes and workshops are planned. It is interdisciplinary and intradisciplinary in nature, since the process of a comprehensive geological description of the territory involves the study of various areas of geology, the expansion and deepening of knowledge of physical geography, ecology, biology, and historical local history.

Material resources: collections of minerals and rocks, geological hammer, literature on the course being studied.

Total number of hours – 34.

Requirements for the level of student preparation

After completing the course, students should:

know the processes of origin, development and structure of the planet, the structure of the earth’s crust, the most common minerals, rocks, minerals and their characteristics;
know the geological history and modernity of the Republic of Tatarstan and the Vysokogorsk region;
be able to work with geological instruments, rock and mineral samples;
be able to read geological maps and work with geological literature;
be able to analyze geological information, predict geological processes that will occur on Earth in the future;
realize the importance and uniqueness of geological objects and the need for their protection, and conduct propaganda work in this area.

when selecting educational material, use a differentiated approach, according to the level of students’ preparation;
pay great attention to the process of goal setting and reflection;
combine the accessibility of the material with scientific knowledge and modern realities;
provide conditions for mastering methods of independent activity (searching for the necessary information, having the necessary instruments and equipment, performing research work, creating projects);
apply various forms of training - individual, paired, group;
reinforce acquired knowledge with practical work;
diversify the forms of classes (seminars, workshops, lectures, excursions, expedition work), use technologies of project-based learning and problem-based learning;
organization of various controls (self-assessment, mutual assessment, oral responses in the form of a story, tests, tests, reports from field practices and expeditions);
mandatory summing up of course results in the form of abstracts, projects, and research papers.

Thematic planning

p/p	Topic name	The amount of hours
		theory	practice	total hours	Note
Topic 1. The Earth is a particle of the Universe - 3 hours.
	Education of the Universe
	Formation of the Solar System
	Planets of the solar system.
Topic 2. Planet Earth, its structure, composition and history of development - 3 hours.
4 (1)	Education, structure and composition of the Earth.
5(2)	The earth's crust and its composition.
6(5)	Periodization of Earth's history
Topic 3. Minerals - 8 hours.
7(1)	Kingdom of minerals. Minerals and their main properties. The main rock-forming minerals.
8(2)	Morphological types of minerals, crystals, aggregates.
9(3)	Physical properties of minerals. Color. Trait color. Shine.
10(4)	Physical properties of minerals. Hardness. Cleavage. Kink. Density.
11(5)	Physical properties of minerals. Malleability and fragility. Flexibility. Magneticity. Taste. Flammability.
12(6)	Where and how minerals are formed. Metamorphic processes of mineral formation.
13(7)	Exogenous mineral formation.
14(8)	Classification of minerals.
Topic 4. Rocks - 5 hours.
15(1)	Rocks. Structure and texture of rocks.
16(2)	Classification of rocks. Forms of occurrence.
17(3)	Igneous rocks
18(4)	Sedimentary rocks. Origin. Compound. Classification. Sedimentary rocks of the Republic of Tatarstan and the Vysokogorsk region.
19(5)	Metamorphic rocks.
5. Geological processes – 14 hours.
20(1)	Geological processes.
21(2)	Rock faults.
22(3)	Earthquakes.
23(4)	Magmatism.
24(5)
25(6)	Metamorphism.
26(7)	Exogenous geological processes.
27(8)	Geological activity of wind.
28(9)	Geological activity of surface flowing waters
29(10)	Geological activity of river flows.
30(11)	Geological activity of groundwater.
31(12)	Karst processes.
Treasures of the bowels of the earth – 3 hours.
32(1)	Minerals.
33(2)	Minerals of Russia
34(3)	Minerals of the Republic of Tatarstan and the Vysokogorsk region.
	Total:

1. The Earth is a particle of the Universe – 2 hours

1.1. Education of the Universe.

Theories of the origin of the Universe. Idea of the Universe, Galaxies.

1.2. Formation of the Solar System.Solar system, its structure.

1.3. Planets of the Solar System.Planets. Satellites of the planets. Comets. Meteorites. Asteroids. The importance of studying planets for understanding the history of the development of the Earth.

2. Planet Earth, its structure, composition and history of development - 3 hours

2.1. Education, structure and composition of the Earth.Theories of the origin of the Earth. Dimensions of the Earth. Earth shells.

2.2. The earth's crust and its composition.Internal structure of the Earth.

2.3. Periodization of the history of the Earth.Geological chronology. Geochronological scale.

Practical work 1.Study of a collection of ancient organic remains.

3. Minerals – 8 hours.

3.1.The kingdom of minerals.Minerals and their main properties. The main rock-forming minerals.

3.2. Morphological types of minerals, crystals, aggregates.

Practical work 2.

3.3. Physical properties of minerals. Color. Trait color. Shine.

Practical work 3.

3.4. Physical properties of minerals. Hardness. Cleavage. Kink. Density.

Practical work 4.Working with collections of minerals to determine their properties.

3.5. Physical properties of minerals. Malleability and fragility. Flexibility. Magneticity. Taste. Flammability.

Practical work 5.Working with collections of minerals to determine their properties.

3.6. Where and how minerals are formed.Metamorphic processes of mineral formation.

3.7. Exogenous mineral formation.

3.8. Classification of minerals.

Practical work 6.Working with mineral collections.

4. Rocks – 5 hours.

4.1.Rocks . Structure and texture of rocks.

Practical work 7.Working with rock collections to determine their structure and texture.

4.2 . Rock classification. Forms of occurrence.

Practical work 8.Excursion to a geological outcrop. Techniques for working with a mountain compass.

Igneous rocks. Origin. Compound. Classification.

Practical work 9.Working with a collection of igneous rocks.

Sedimentary rocks. Origin. Compound. Classification.

Sedimentary rocks of the Republic of Tatarstan and the Vysokogorsk region.

Practical work 10.Study of sedimentary rocks.

Metamorphic rocks.

Practical work 11.Working with a collection of metamorphic rocks.

5. Geological processes – 12 hours.

5.1. Geological processes.Endogenous geological processes. Oscillatory movements of the earth's crust. Classification. Examples of modern uplifts and downfalls. Methods for studying modern and recent tectonic movements: historical, geodetic, geomorphological, geological.

5.2. Rock faults.Classification: faults, shifts, thrusts, reverse faults, nappes, nappes. The concept of deep faults and their role in the development of the earth's crust. Connection of minerals with discontinuous tectonic movements.

5.3. Earthquakes. Earthquakes as a reflection of intense tectonic movements of the earth's crust and stress release. Geographical distribution. Hypocentre, epicenter, earthquake source. Classification. Study methods: seismic stations, seismographs, seismograms, accelerographs. The problem of earthquake forecasting.

5.4. Magmatism . Two forms of magmatism. The concept of magma. Intrusive magmatism. Types of intrusions, their shapes, size, composition and interaction with host rocks (batholiths, laccoliths, lopoliths, stocks, dikes, veins, sheet intrusions - forces).

Effusive magmatism – volcanism. Geography of modern volcanism. Products of their eruptions. Types of volcanoes by structure and nature of eruption. Post-volcanic phenomena: fumaroles, solfataras, mofettas, geysers, thermal springs. The importance of magmatism in the formation of the earth's crust.
Metamorphism. The concept of this process. The main factors of metamorphism: temperature, pressure, chemical active substances. Main types of metamorphism.

5.7. Exogenous geological processes.General understanding of weathering processes.

5.8. Geological activity of wind.Aeolian processes: deflation (blowing and dispersal), corrosion, transport and accumulation. Forms of sandy relief of deserts. Loess, its origin. Types of deserts. Modern processes of desertification.

Practical work 12.Excursion to a geological outcrop to study the geological activity of wind.

5.9. Geological activity of surface flowing waters. Erosion and area washout. Transport of debris. The villages, their education and the fight against them.

Practical work 13.Excursion to a geological outcrop to study the geological activity of surface flowing waters.

5.10. Geological activity of river flows.Types of rivers by nutrition River regime: low water, flood, high water. Bottom and side erosion. Meanders and their origin. Accumulative activity of the river. Floodplain structure. Estuary: deltas, estuaries, estuaries. The importance and protection of rivers.

Practical work 14.Excursion to the Kazanka River.

5.11. Geological activity of groundwater.Origin of groundwater. Verkhodka, soil, groundwater, interstratal, free-flow and pressure (artesian groundwater. Their classification by chemical composition, water temperature, origin.

5.12. Karst processes.The emergence of karst and development. Karst rocks. Forms of karst: pits, pits, funnels, basins, fields, caves. Meaning of karst.

Treasures of the Earth's Bowels – 3 hours.

6.1. Minerals.Concept of minerals. Classification. History of mining.

6.2. Mineral resources of Russia.Classification. Geography of mineral resources of Russia.

Practical work 15.Analysis of the map “Mineral Resources of Russia”.

6.3. Minerals of the Republic of Tatarstan and the Vysokogorsk region.

Practical work 16.Preparation of reports based on work with literature and maps on this topic.

Barskaya V.F., Rychagov G.I. Practical work on general geology. Uch. manual for pedagogical students. Inst. M., Education, 1970-158p.
Brunsden D., Dornkelep D. Turbulent landscape. M.: Mir, 1981-188s.
Volcanoes. Children's encyclopedia "Swallowtail". M.: "Swallowtail", 2006-123p.
Gavrilov V.P. Journey into the Earth's past. M., "Nedra", 1976-144p.
Geography of Russia. Book 1: Nature and population. 8kl. textbook for 8-9 grades. general education institutions /ed. Alekseeva A.I.. M.: Bustard, 2005-319p.
Gvozdetsky N.A., Golubchikov Yu.N. Mountains. -M.: Mysl, 1987-399 p.
Golov V.P. Geology in high school. M.: “Enlightenment”, 1972-96.
Dobrovolsky V.V. Mineralogy with elements of petrography. M.: “Enlightenment”, 1971-126p.
Efremova S.V. Magmatic lines and rings of the Earth. - M.: Nedra, 1986-85.
Kantor B.Z. World of minerals. Rosnedra, RosGeo, M.: Association “Ekost”, 2005-128p.
Kartsev A.A., Vagin S.B. Invisible ocean. M., “Nedra”, 1978-109 p.
Korulin D.M. Geology in school geography. Mn., “People's Asveta”, 1973-72.
Muranov A. Unusual and formidable in nature. ed. "Children's Literature", Leningrad, 1971-334p.
Novikov E.A. Treasures of the Earth. M., “Enlightenment”, 1971-144p.
Safronov V.S. Origin of the Earth - M.: Knowledge, 1987-48 p.
Sergeev M.B., Sergeeva T.V. Planet Earth. M., 2000-144p.
Suchkova A.P., Pitolina T.P. First steps into geology: ed. Rosnedra, RosGeo, Ecost, Moscow, 2005-166p.

Municipal budgetary educational institution

"Vysokogorsk secondary school No. 1"

Vysokogorsky municipal district of the Republic of Tatarstan"

TEACHER'S WORK PROGRAM

(additional education)

Avvakumova G.M.

"Mineralogy and Petrography"

Number of hours per program:34

Number of hours according to the curriculum: 34

Geography teacher: Avvakumova Guzel Mazgarovna

High Mountain, 2015

Explanatory note

Course objectives:

Expanding students' horizons.

In-depth study of topics related to geology.

Formation of sustainable interest in Earth sciences.

Classes in the circle should develop the following skills:

1. Distinguish between rocks, minerals, and minerals of your region.

2. Independently sketch, describe rock outcrops, and compile collections.

4. Work with popular scientific literature and reference books.

5. Promote geological knowledge in school.

6. Design geological exhibitions.

Course objectives:

studying the basics of geological science;

developing the ability to work with various sources of geological knowledge and geological instruments;

consolidation and development of students’ motivation to study the subject “Geology” or its disciplines;

creating a situation of success for each student in the classroom;

identifying abilities and inclinations that may help in the student’s professional self-determination;

nurturing patriotic feelings for one’s Motherland and caring for its natural resources.

Material resources: collections of minerals and rocks, geological hammer, literature on the course being studied.

Total number of hours – 34.

Requirements for the level of student preparation

After completing the course, students should:

know the processes of origin, development and structure of the planet, the structure of the earth’s crust, the most common minerals, rocks, minerals and their characteristics;

know the geological history and modernity of the Republic of Tatarstan and the Vysokogorsk region;

be able to work with geological instruments, rock and mineral samples;

be able to analyze geological information, predict geological processes that will occur on Earth in the future;

realize the importance and uniqueness of geological objects and the need for their protection, and conduct propaganda work in this area.

when selecting educational material, use a differentiated approach, according to the level of students’ preparation;

pay great attention to the process of goal setting and reflection;

combine the accessibility of the material with scientific knowledge and modern realities;

provide conditions for mastering methods of independent activity (searching for the necessary information, having the necessary instruments and equipment, performing research work, creating projects);

apply various forms of training - individual, paired, group;

reinforce acquired knowledge with practical work;

diversify the forms of classes (seminars, workshops, lectures, excursions, expedition work), use technologies of project-based learning and problem-based learning;

organization of various controls (self-assessment, mutual assessment, oral responses in the form of a story, tests, tests, reports from field practices and expeditions);

mandatory summing up of course results in the form of abstracts, projects, and research papers.

Thematic planning

Topic name

The amount of hours

theory

practice

total hours

Note

Topic 1. The Earth is a particle of the Universe - 3 hours.

Education of the Universe

Formation of the Solar System

Planets of the solar system.

Topic 2. Planet Earth, its structure, composition and history of development - 3 hours.

Education, structure and composition of the Earth.

The earth's crust and its composition.

Periodization of Earth's history

Topic 3. Minerals - 8 hours.

Kingdom of minerals. Minerals and their main properties. The main rock-forming minerals.

Morphological types of minerals, crystals, aggregates.

Physical properties of minerals. Color. Trait color. Shine.

Physical properties of minerals. Hardness. Cleavage. Kink. Density.

Physical properties of minerals. Malleability and fragility. Flexibility. Magneticity. Taste. Flammability.

Where and how minerals are formed. Metamorphic processes of mineral formation.

Exogenous mineral formation.

Classification of minerals.

Topic 4. Rocks - 5 hours.

Rocks. Structure and texture of rocks.

Classification of rocks. Forms of occurrence.

Igneous rocks

Sedimentary rocks. Origin. Compound. Classification. Sedimentary rocks of the Republic of Tatarstan and the Vysokogorsk region.

Metamorphic rocks.

5. Geological processes – 14 hours.

Geological processes.

Rock faults.

Earthquakes .

Magmatism.

Effusive magmatism – volcanism

Metamorphism.

Exogenous geological processes.

Geological activity of wind.

Geological activity of surface flowing waters

Geological activity of river flows.

Geological activity of groundwater.

Karst processes.

Treasures of the bowels of the earth – 3 hours.

Minerals.

Minerals of Russia

Minerals of the Republic of Tatarstan and the Vysokogorsk region.

Total:

1. The Earth is a particle of the Universe – 2 hours

1.1. Education of the Universe.

Theories of the origin of the Universe. Idea of the Universe, Galaxies.

1.2. Formation of the Solar System. Solar system, its structure.

1.3. Planets of the Solar System. Planets. Satellites of the planets. Comets. Meteorites. Asteroids. The importance of studying planets for understanding the history of the development of the Earth.

2. Planet Earth, its structure, composition and history of development - 3 hours

2.1. Education, structure and composition of the Earth. Theories of the origin of the Earth. Dimensions of the Earth. Earth shells.

2.2. The earth's crust and its composition. Internal structure of the Earth.

2.3. Periodization of the history of the Earth. Geological chronology. Geochronological scale.

Practical work 1. Study of a collection of ancient organic remains.

3. Minerals – 8 hours.

3.1.The kingdom of minerals. Minerals and their main properties. The main rock-forming minerals.

3.2. Morphological types of minerals, crystals, aggregates.

Practical work 2.

3.3. Physical properties of minerals. Color. Trait color. Shine.

Practical work 3.

3.4. Physical properties of minerals. Hardness. Cleavage. Kink. Density.

Practical work 4. Working with collections of minerals to determine their properties.

3.5. Physical properties of minerals. Malleability and fragility. Flexibility. Magneticity. Taste. Flammability.

Practical work 5. Working with collections of minerals to determine their properties.

3.6. Where and how minerals are formed. Metamorphic processes of mineral formation.

3.7. Exogenous mineral formation.

3.8. Classification of minerals.

Practical work 6. Working with mineral collections.

4. Rocks – 5 hours.

4.1.Rocks. Structure and texture of rocks.

Practical work 7. Working with rock collections to determine their structure and texture.

4.2 .Rock classification. Forms of occurrence.

Practical work 8. Excursion to a geological outcrop. Techniques for working with a mountain compass.

Practical work 9. Working with a collection of igneous rocks.

Sedimentary rocks of the Republic of Tatarstan and the Vysokogorsk region.

Practical work 10. Study of sedimentary rocks.

Practical work 11. Working with a collection of metamorphic rocks.

5. Geological processes – 12 hours.

5.1. Geological processes. Endogenous geological processes. Oscillatory movements of the earth's crust. Classification. Examples of modern uplifts and downfalls. Methods for studying modern and recent tectonic movements: historical, geodetic, geomorphological, geological.

5.2. Rock faults. Classification: faults, shifts, thrusts, reverse faults, nappes, nappes. The concept of deep faults and their role in the development of the earth's crust. Connection of minerals with discontinuous tectonic movements.

5.3. Earthquakes. Earthquakes as a reflection of intense tectonic movements of the earth's crust and stress release. Geographical distribution. Hypocentre, epicenter, earthquake source. Classification. Study methods: seismic stations, seismographs, seismograms, accelerographs. The problem of earthquake forecasting.

5.4. Magmatism. Two forms of magmatism. The concept of magma. Intrusive magmatism. Types of intrusions, their shapes, size, composition and interaction with host rocks (batholiths, laccoliths, lopoliths, stocks, dikes, veins, sheet intrusions - forces).

5.7. Exogenous geological processes. General understanding of weathering processes.

5.8. Geological activity of wind. Aeolian processes: deflation (blowing and dispersal), corrosion, transport and accumulation. Forms of sandy relief of deserts. Loess, its origin. Types of deserts. Modern processes of desertification.

Practical work 12. Excursion to a geological outcrop to study the geological activity of wind.

5.9. Geological activity of surface flowing waters. Erosion and area washout. Transport of debris. The villages, their education and the fight against them.

Practical work 13. Excursion to a geological outcrop to study the geological activity of surface flowing waters.

5.10. Geological activity of river flows. Types of rivers by nutrition River regime: low water, flood, high water. Bottom and side erosion. Meanders and their origin. Accumulative activity of the river. Floodplain structure. Estuary: deltas, estuaries, estuaries. The importance and protection of rivers.

Practical work 14. Excursion to the Kazanka River.

5.11. Geological activity of groundwater. Origin of groundwater. Verkhodka, soil, groundwater, interstratal, free-flow and pressure (artesian groundwater. Their classification by chemical composition, water temperature, origin.

5.12. Karst processes. The emergence of karst and development. Karst rocks. Forms of karst: pits, pits, funnels, basins, fields, caves. Meaning of karst.

Treasures of the Earth's Bowels – 3 hours.

6.1. Minerals. Concept of minerals. Classification. History of mining.

6.2. Mineral resources of Russia. Classification. Geography of mineral resources of Russia.

Practical work 15. Analysis of the map “Mineral Resources of Russia”.

6.3. Minerals of the Republic of Tatarstan and the Vysokogorsk region.

Practical work 16. Preparation of reports based on work with literature and maps on this topic.

Barskaya V.F., Rychagov G.I. Practical work on general geology. Uch. manual for pedagogical students. Inst. M., Education, 1970-158p.

Brunsden D., Dornkelep D. Turbulent landscape. M.: Mir, 1981-188s.

Volcanoes. Children's encyclopedia "Swallowtail". M.: "Swallowtail", 2006-123p.

Gavrilov V.P. Journey into the Earth's past. M., "Nedra", 1976-144p.

Geography of Russia. Book 1: Nature and population. 8kl. textbook for 8-9 grades. general education institutions /ed. Alekseeva A.I.. M.: Bustard, 2005-319p.

Gvozdetsky N.A., Golubchikov Yu.N. Mountains. -M.: Mysl, 1987-399 p.

Golov V.P. Geology in high school. M.: “Enlightenment”, 1972-96.

Dobrovolsky V.V. Mineralogy with elements of petrography. M.: “Enlightenment”, 1971-126p.

Efremova S.V. Magmatic lines and rings of the Earth. - M.: Nedra, 1986-85.

Kantor B.Z. World of minerals. Rosnedra, RosGeo, M.: Association “Ekost”, 2005-128p.

Kartsev A.A., Vagin S.B. Invisible ocean. M., “Nedra”, 1978-109 p.

Korulin D.M. Geology in school geography. Mn., “People's Asveta”, 1973-72.

Muranov A. Unusual and formidable in nature. ed. "Children's Literature", Leningrad, 1971-334p.

Novikov E.A. Treasures of the Earth. M., “Enlightenment”, 1971-144p.

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