For task No. 4 “Orthoepic norms”

Rules for placing stress in nouns.

1. Words of foreign origin, as a rule, in the Russian language they retain the place of stress that they had in the source language. In English, stress is most often on the first syllable, while in French it is on the last.
Therefore, English borrowings sound like this:
GENESIS, MARKETING, MANAGEMENT, PORTER;
and the French ones are like this:
engraver, dispensary, blinds, rubber, parterre, music stand, chassis.

2. In words denoting measures of length and ending in -meter, stress falls on the last syllable:
kilometer, centimeter, millimeter, decimeter.

3. In complex words with a second part -the wire with the general meaning of “a device for transporting any substance or energy,” the emphasis falls on the root -water- :
Gas line, water line, garbage line, light line.
BUT: electric wire, electric drive.

4. In words ending in -log, the stress falls, as a rule, on the last syllable: dialogue, catalogue, monologue, obituary.

5. B verbal nouns the place of stress is preserved, which is in the original verb from which they are formed:
(faith) confess – religion
provide - provision.

6. In some nouns the stress is fixed and remains on the root in all cases:
AIRPORT – airports
bow – bows – with bows
accountant – accountant
X - with X - X - X
CRANE - taps
Lecturer – lecturers – lecturers
cake – with cake – cakes – cakes
Scarf - scarf - scarves - scarves.

7. In a noun darling the emphasis falls on the root. In all words formed from this word, the emphasis on -BAL- DOES NOT fall:
pampered, pampered, pampered, pampered, spoiled, pampered.

Rules for placing stress in adjectives.
1. Some adjectives have the same stress as the original nouns from which they are formed:
plum – plum
kitchen – kitchen
SORREL - sorrel.

2. The stressed syllable of the full form of some adjectives remains percussive and short form:
beautiful – beautiful – beautiful – beautiful – beautiful
unthinkable - unthinkable - unthinkable - unthinkable - unthinkable.

3. In some frequency adjectives with movable stress it falls on the root in its full form - singular and plural; and also in the short form - in the masculine and neuter gender. In the short form of the feminine gender, the emphasis goes to the ending:
right - right - right - right - right
slim - slim - slim - slim - slim.

4. If the emphasis in the short form of the feminine gender falls on the ending, then in the comparative form it will be on the suffix -E- or- HER-:
sick - sicker, strong - stronger, slimmer - slimmer.
If the emphasis in the feminine gender is on the base, then to a comparative degree it remains there:
beautiful - more beautiful, sad - sadder.

Rules for placing stress on verbs.

1. Emphasis in past tense verbs usually falls on the same syllable as the infinitive:
walk - walked, walked
hide - hid, hid.

2. In another group of verbs, the stress in all forms is fixed, and in the feminine gender of the past tense it moves to the ending:
take - took, took, took, took
lie - lied, lied, lied, lied.
took, took, poured in, burst in, perceived, recreated, drove, chased, got, got, waited, waited, occupied, locked, locked, called, called, lilA, lilA, lied, overstrained, called, poured, picked, started, drenched, hugged, overtook, stripped, departed, gave, recalled, responded, poured, called, poured, understood, arrived, tore, removed, created, tore, removed.

3. Verbs put, steal, sneak, send, send, send accent in form feminine past tense DOES NOT fall on the ending, but remains based on:
put, stole, stole, sent, sent, sent.
The exception is verbs with percussion attachment YOU-, which always takes over the accent:
lila - poured out, stole - stole.

4. B verbs ending in -IT, when conjugating, the emphasis falls on the endings: -ISH, -IT, -IM, -ITE, -AT/-YAT:
turn on - turn on, turn on, turn on, turn on, turn on
hand over - hand over, hand over, hand over, hand over, hand over over
get through - get through, get through, get through, get through, get through
bleed - bleed, bleed, bleed, bleed, bleed.
Verbs are conjugated using the same pattern:
call, exclude, endow, tilt, mess up, call, ease, encourage, encourage, borrow, surround, repeat, call back, call, drill, strengthen, pinch.

5. In the following verbs ending in –IT, the accent does NOT fall on the ending:
to vulgarize - to vulgarize
inquire - you will inquire.

6. In verbs, formed from adjectives, the emphasis most often falls on -IT:
fast - to speed up, sharp - to aggravate, light - to ease, vigorous - to encourage, deep - to deepen.
BUT: verb Angry, formed from the adjective evil, does not obey this rule.

7. B reflexive verbs The emphasis in the past tense form often shifts to the ending or suffix (in masculine past tense verbs):
begin – began, began, began, began
accepted - accepted, accepted, accepted, accepted.

Rules for placing accents in participles.

1.In active past participles with suffix -VSH- the stress, as a rule, falls on the same vowel that appears in the word before this suffix:
light up Vsh yay, nali Vsh oh, look Vsh yy.

2. In passive past participles formed from verbs bend, bend, bend the emphasis falls on the prefix:
bent, curved, bent.

3. In short passive feminine past participles the accent falls on the ending:
busy, locked, populated, acquired, poured, encouraged, removed, created.

4. If the stress in the full form falls on the suffix -YONN- , then in the short form it is retained only in the masculine gender, and in other forms it changes to the ending:
included – included, included, included, included
delivered - delivered, delivered, delivered, delivered
populated - populated, populated, populated, populated.
Participles change according to the same scheme:
endowed, brought down, encouraged, disabled, repeated, divided, tamed.

5. In full forms of participles with suffix -T- formed from verbs with suffixes -ABOUT- And -WELL- In the infinitive, the stress falls one syllable forward:
polo - polo T y, prick - kOlo T oh, bend - bend T oh, wrap it up - I’ll wrap it up T y.

Rules for placing stress in gerunds.

1. Participles often have stress on the same syllable as in the infinitive of the verb from which they are formed:
set - having set, fill - fill, occupy - having taken, begin - having started, raise - having raised, undertake - undertaken, create - created.

2. In gerunds with a suffix -VSH-, -VSHI- the stress falls on the vowel that comes before these suffixes in the word:
STARTED V, otA V, raise V, profit V,beginning lice s.

Rules for placing stress in adverbs.

1. To the console BEFORE- The stress falls in the following adverbs:
to the top, to the bottom, to the dryness.
BUT: dobela, dobela.
2. To the console BEHIND- the emphasis falls in the words:
beforehand, after dark, before light.
BUT: to envy is envious.

The Russian language is difficult to use even for native speakers. There are words in which one or the other syllable is stressed, but there are not several correct options, according to the spelling dictionary.

The point of contention is the emphasis on the word “simultaneously.” When using this word in colloquial speech, both the third and fourth vowel are distinguished.

The demanding Russian language regarding the stressed vowel in the word “simultaneously” makes an exception. Thus, no matter what syllable you place the emphasis on, each of the options will be considered correct and literate.

But why is it historically based on the placement of stress in the words “simultaneously” and “simultaneously” on two different sounds?

The fact is that highlighting the third vowel was practiced back in tsarist times, when the Russian language was more refined and original.

Until now, the use of this word with a stressed third syllable sounds aristocratic, but the opinions of spelling dictionaries under different editions on this issue differ.

For example, the dictionaries of Lopatin and Kuznetsov also allow the use of stress on both syllables, but at the same time they consider pronunciation with an emphasis on the second sound E to be more literate due to the modernization of the Russian language.

This way you can remember each of them. The best thing is to choose the most suitable pronunciation option for yourself and use only it in your speech.

Especially if your job requires you to deal with public speaking or business conferences.

Important! Since the Gramota portal believes that the correct stress in the word “simultaneously” can be placed in two different ways, wherever you place the emphasis, both pronunciations will be considered correct and consistent with the norms of the Russian language.

What do dictionaries say?

When choosing the correct stressed vowel, the dictionary does not provide clear explanations. Expert opinions differ:

• The Gramota.ru portal explains that the “simultaneously” option, stress on the third syllable, is more correct. This is explained by the fact that this pronunciation has historical origins.
• The same opinion is shared by dictionaries edited by Gorbachevich or Studiner.
• Kuznetsov and Lopatin argue the opposite in their works.
• Ozhegov's dictionary recognizes both variants as literate, implying the possibility of stress on both the third and fourth syllables.

Useful video

Let's sum it up

So this word is correct to say in two different ways. Not a single orthoepic dictionary makes any conclusions about the illiteracy of highlighting exclusively the third or fourth syllable with the voice. Therefore, the answer to the question of how to pronounce correctly is personal for everyone.

Choose for yourself a pronunciation option that matches your ideas about literate Russian.

Unfortunately, there is no such word in the database, look elsewhere.

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Stress Dictionary: Where is the correct stress in words?

Accent online

The "AKnowLiVy" dictionary of accents contains more than 100,000 words. To find out where the emphasis falls, use the search!

Stress dictionary: how to correctly put stress in a word

To correctly place stress in a word, you cannot do without the help of an accent dictionary. Russian is absolutely amazing, sometimes strange and one of the hardest languages ​​in the world to learn.

Where is the correct stress when pronouncing words in spelling?

You can’t count all the subtleties of the Russian language. The free online dictionary for checking accents online, AZnaeteLiVy.ru, is designed to deal with the main ones, those related to orthoepy. Here, on the pages of the online dictionary, we online introduce those who are not indifferent to Russian grammar to the peculiarities of pronunciation of simple words, compound words, words whose appearance was contributed by dictionaries of other languages ​​and which cause difficulties in checking spelling especially often among native Russian speakers. For those who consider themselves a true expert in spelling, we recommend our online dictionary as an easy way to test your knowledge of the basics of spelling online.

Where and where does the stress in words fall?

First published several decades ago, printed dictionary in orthoepy simplified checking the correct pronunciation of words. By using our online dictionary to check accents, you will always know where the stress falls and where the stress is in the word.

Orthoepy is a branch of linguistics that studies the rules of pronunciation of words and reflects them in the dictionary. Stress is one of the concepts of the rules for checking spelling. It is easy to assess the importance of stress for the dictionary of orthoepy using the example of the word “chains”: when the emphasis is on the first syllable of the word, the plural is meant (chains), on the second, the case of the word changes (which means “chains”). By changing the intonation emphasis it is just as easy to change the meaning of a phrase.

The peculiarity of Russian orthoepy is that its verification is not based on the general principles of the Russian language, which in the overwhelming majority of cases establishes clear rules. The principles of orthoepy were developed independently over many years, long before the advent of the online dictionary of orthoepy, and continue to be established now. Generally accepted rules of pronunciation are “shaken,” and variant words appear with the emphasis on a different syllable. Regular changes in pronunciation norms further complicate the already difficult check of stress in words.

What is the emphasis in the word?

Using our online spelling dictionary, checking the correct stress in words online is easy and convenient. To find out how to emphasize the syllable of any word according to current language requirements, simply enter what you are looking for in the online search form. The base of our online dictionary for checks the placement of accents is collected on the basis of a dozen publications. Among them are the orthoepic dictionaries of Avanesov and Ozhegov from 1955 and 1960, the dictionary of F.D. Ageenko. from 1983, dated 2003, a dictionary on orthoepic authorship by L.A. Verbitskaya. Our online spelling dictionary covers over 100,000 thousand words. Periodically, the virtual database of our dictionary for checking stress in words is updated. If the rules of spelling or the placement of stress in any of the words have changed, after checking the corresponding changes are reflected in our online dictionary for checking stress online. This makes spell checking on online dictionary pages even more accurate.

Checking stress on the website of the online dictionary aZnaeteLiVy.ru is available around the clock. Learn the placement of stress online without studying the intricacies of the orthoepy of the Russian language - use the check for stress in words using our online dictionary.

Orthoepic dictionary of accents aZnaeteLiVy.ru: find out how to correctly put stress in a word!

Instructions

Stress is the emphasis on one of the syllables of a word that has the greatest strength. Literary speech implies adherence to certain rules, including the placement of emphasis. However, there are no clear instructions on this matter. The stress in it, unlike many other languages, is free, or floating. Unlike French, where, according to the rules, it always falls on the last syllable, in can fall on any of them.

To determine which syllable should be stressed, place the back of your hand under and say the desired word. On which syllable your chin touches your palm, that syllable will be stressed.

However, in the Russian language there are special words, the correct placement of stress in which always raises questions. There are only 20 such words and they are called exceptions.

For example, like this:

The work of scientists is multivolume -

It explores the phenomenon.

You can also come up with sentences that, in addition to the word “phenomenon,” will include other words with a similar emphasis. For example like this: “The phenomenon is huge and puzzling.”

And finally, you can go “by contradiction”, remembering that in the word “phenomenon” the emphasis can fall on “e” only when applied to people:

Let's tell uncle "phenomenon"

If uncle is superman,

Well, if he’s not there -

Emphasis on "O"!

Call", "hand", "bleed", "speed up". Errors in placing stress in such words can be heard very often in speech - even literate people make them. The fact is that in the Russian language there is a tendency to shift the stress in verbs to the beginning of the word (for example, “kleit” or “obOshlit”). In addition, polysyllabic words are often characterized by a shift of stress towards the middle of the word. However, the speed of these processes in relation to different words may vary.

In the case of the word “facilitate”, the emphasis on the latter in modern Russian is the only correct one. Perhaps in the future the emphasis “lighten” will begin to appear in dictionaries, first as an acceptable option, and then as a normative one, but so far this has not happened.

Placing stress in the words “lightened” and “lightened”

When forming the passive past tense from verbs ending in –it with stressed endings, –yonn is used, which is always under stress. Therefore, the correct emphasis is “lightened”, in short form – “lightened”.

In the word “lightened” the stress is preserved in all genders and numbers - lightened, lightened, lightened, and so on. When changing the short form “facilitated”, the emphasis moves to the end of the word – facilitated, facilitated, facilitated.

Features of stress in Russian (continuation)

Separate conversation O ra require unstressed words. Function words and particles, as a rule, do not have stress in the Russian language. Some of them are monosyllabic prepositions and conjunctions, b yva They use pre-stress words, so-called proclitics. They will accept yk They are pronounced in pronunciation of the independent words that follow them and have stress: on the water, by the road, from the forest, along the ut I.Others are monosyllabic particles, being ut These are enclitics, that is, post-stress words. They are adjacent in pronunciation to the preceding word, having eat I've got a hit: someone came, tell me, I promised, you opened the door, will they come? neither.In these combinations of particles then, ka, after all, then, whether become enclitics.

Sometimes the excuse takes a hit. on yourself b I, then the significant word that follows it turns out to be unstressed. Most often they pull the blow on themselves. pre d logs ON, FOR, UNDER, BY, FROM, WITHOUT.
ON - on the water, on the mountain, on the hand, on the ear, on A winter, for a year, for a house, for a floor. But such a transfer of a stressed vowel is not always correct. oi coming off. We are speaking go to the pier(but not nA they say), climb the hill(but not on the hill), decree on the door(but not on the door), run aground(but not stranded).

Shifting the emphasis to the preposition, according to the norms of orthoepy, possibly en when the combination of a noun with a preposition is part of a stable phrase O company or when it appears in a circumstantial meaning and has an adverbial character. In the same case ae when it is important to highlight a noun as the object to which the action is directed, and when it is a noun But e acts as a complement, a blow. does not switch to an excuse. For example:

take A's word for it, but: pay attention ima reference to the word "transformation";
lower the ship into the water, but: because of the glare of the sun it is painful to look at the water;
this man is dishonest, but: dirty there was bandage applied;
put the load on her shoulders, but: he put his palms on her shoulders;
move the hat to the nose, but: put the juggler l on nOS cardboard cylinder;
The old man was hard on his ear, but the mother looked at the boy's ear.

We'll say take sin on your soul. This is the foundation first turn, and blow. enshrined in it. But you can't say: so many products per country shu population.We are speaking fall like snow on the goal ov y. This is also a phraseological unit in which the emphasis is traditionally placed on the preposition. But you can't say: he threw the game fe tti on the heads of friends.

Often the emphasis in Russian is transferred si refers to the preposition NA when combined with numerals: na two, na three, na five, na ten, na hundred, na two, na three. But if there are two numerals next to each other with the meaning of approximate, such movement is a blow. Not about comes from: leave for two or three days, for five or six months, for two or three days. Pronunciation n A two-three, na three-five - incorrect. The preposition remains unstressed even in that case cha e, when two numerals are connected by the conjunction OR: for two or three days, for five or six months, for two or t roe days.

The accent is not transferred in Russian yk e to a preposition even when there is a clarification at the first numeral. Compare: leave for two months - leave for two months VA months and ten days; business trip for a year - business trip for a year and three months; meet cha scheduled for three o'clock - the meeting is scheduled for three hours and thirty minutes.

Finally, it should be said that sometimes The text suggests the need to save the blow. on a significant word, and not transfer it to the right units log. In a conversation about the work of the famous Russian composer, we talked about the suite for two Russian no topics (not nA two). The presenter specifically highlighted the word two to draw attention to this it orii.

BEHIND - for the leg, for the hand, for the winter, for the soul, for the mountains od , for a night, for a day, for two, for three, for five, for seven, for forty.

But the same restrictions apply here:

hide your hands behind your back - hide that grab your mother's back;
grab hands - grab hands and n ABOUT gi;
you can get there in two hours - behind two hours and forty minutes.

ON - by the forest, by the field, by the floor, by but sou, two, three, one hundred, two, three.

The blow cannot be taken. on a preposition when combining eg o with numerals five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten... fourty and complex numbers tel nal eleven, twelve, five hundred, six hundred, etc.: for five hours, for six days, for nine rubles le oh, forty kopecks.

The emphasis is not transferred to the description in the above cases:

TWO-THREE plates, five-six each t Human;
for two or three days, two or tr And the day;
two or three days, three from to fishing another day;
about two centners, but two and three tens you x quintal.

UNDER - Under the feet, under the arms, under the mountain, p One nose, in the evening.
IZ - I from home, from the forest, from sight, from os u.
WITHOUT - without news, without a year de la, to no avail.
FROM- hour From hour, year From year, From ro du.

Some two-syllable prepositions are always a are unstressed. These are BECAUSE, FROM UNDER and prepositions with the fluent O: UNDER, NECESSARY, OBO, OTO, ISO - because of le sa , from under the table, under me, about me, from everyone, from everyone.

Weak words- these are the words that That Although some have stress in the phrase, it is weaker than that of independent words. I call this emphasis t p obverse. Many adverbial prepositions are weakly stressed words, such as AFTER, CIRCLE, PAST, AROUND, OPPOSITE, AROSS, KOKO LO and others. The fact that these words receive only a weakened impact is clearly felt when compared with fr basics in which these words, used as adverbs, become carriers of normal hit.:

the mother stood behind the children - the river ost al behind;
the train was rushing through my fields - the car about ex ala mimo;
he waved after the bus - what people-That shouted after;
we will come after an hour - we will come To to you after;
there was a spring near the house - it’s enough to go to okrug yes Approx.

Side accent (or second penny oe) is designated by the sign “gravis”, in contrast to the main blow., designated by the sign “acute”. Side kick. usually has the preposition THROUGH: etc search well through the thicket, through the thickets, through the fog. Always carries a collateral blow. etc. e dlog EXCEPT: everyone gathered except him; don’t take anything boring with you except books; except for birch trees, there were and l ips.Some cities are weakly impacted lag single forms and introductory words IT WAS, IT HAD BEEN, IT HAD BEEN: I would like to take up reading; seed We also ate Well, in the evenings we talked together; So he was planning to leave?

However, you should not get carried away with side effects and accents. If the speaker's speech is kept at a moderate pace, the pronunciation of unstressed words is second. P with strong stress, and weakly stressed words with normal stress. will create excessive accentuation, to O which only makes speech more difficult to perceive and disturbs listeners.

Words with side stress attracted to fuck e special attention. For the most part, every independent word is her t just one hit. But there are words with a large number of syllables and complex in composition, which also have additional very good noe blow. This is mainly:

words formed by compounding there are two basics: all-metal, cranial-marrow, indefinite leave;
words with some pre f Xs of foreign language origin: A anti-clerical, ultra-reactionary, dust jacket, re-militarization;
compound words: ze msnarYad , R and YesSovet, oh blit, ene rgosbyt, partyconference .

If a word has two stresses, then the main stress will be t is located closer to the end of the word, and closer to the beginning is the collateral. Also has knowledge chen ie and the distance of the main blow. from the beginning of the word: man, horseman, spending time with me denie, hl about poop cleaning .

Widely used compound words, if they are not true faces usually do not have side stress: vacuum cleaner, drain, garden, water supply, black ozЁ m, grateful, far-sighted, land surveyor, centuries-old . No collateral damage. pronounced and so common with lo wow, how EARTHQUAKE, AGRICULTURAL and others.

Side stresses appear more often in kn words similar in stylistic coloring: ( damn your crime, books of the state guard) and in special words wow: ( electr o NnovAkumny, galva noacoustics, radio reportAzh, film script, photo correspondent, shahtopodyo mn ik).

It happens when forming a complex word by compounding the main blow. moves closer to the center of the word and ends up on the wrong syllable That ry falls in a word used independently. So, we say:

a fighter - but a hammer hammer, swa fuck Oets;
WAVE - but short wave, d whether newwave;
factory - but elegant Ods cue;
Forest - but Malole sn y;
Imported - but long-distance Oz ny;
wired - electrically;
seller - but the book is a state seller;
raftable - but timber raftable;
creator - but poetry T inOrets;
ear - but oh ear;
colored - but monochromatic.

Compound adjectives and compound adjectives cyclic numerals, in the first part of which there are 3, 4, from 11 to 20, as well as 30, 40, 50, 60... 100, are often pronounced with two accents (by barrel noe - on the numeral): one eleven meters, fifteen And Liter, seven-ten-kilometer, nine-century, one-hundred-thousandth.

With two side kicks. on the lane V oh part and with the main emphasis on the second part, complex words are pronounced four xso pipes, electric machinery, and volume o togOnschik .
Always have a side effect. complex layers va , written with a hyphen: Kontr-admiral, kayu t-company, rain-tent, I'm ht-club.

Side stress may fall on some when st. avki: OVER-, AFTER-, INTER-. But here, too, the degree of use of the word plays a role. For example them er, with a side kick. words are spoken according to sleubOrochny, according to post-operative, according to slerodo vO th. But it is missing from words day after tomorrow, afternoon, afterword. And in words with prefixes MEZH- To SUPER-side blow. always put: INTERNATIONAL, INTERINDUSTRY, INTERPLANETARY; sve R xdeep, supermobile, super-fast .

Side stress is necessary for rights or Correctly pronounce the corresponding vowels in the word. If you say the word xo zmag without a secondary blow., then oh But will sound like this: hazmaq. The listener may not guess the meaning of this lo va. Hence, collateral damage. performs an important semantic function. In addition, it also plays a significant role And listical role. The appearance of a secondary blow. where it is not necessary, evidence TV talks about vernacular style, for example: O hostel, at seven o'clock, nine o'clock. In addition to the unacceptable vernacular surroundings ac ki, such excessive stress makes speech tedious and difficult to sp riy.

Visual and expressive capabilities accents are widely used comfortable in journalistic and artistic works. The author gives persons as much he has a vivid description, showing the originality of his blow. and pronunciation. Social ts ional, professional affiliation of the character and the degree of his education. But, in a stylistically neutral speech, an indentation n not from literary norms is unacceptable. Normative verbal stress contributes to correct perception and action TV the meaning of the sounding word.