Chapter 3. New ways of snatching weapons and new ways of conducting dueling actions with movements of 1–6 steps, in which the defender wins... ... New methods of disarming by knocking weapons out of hands Lesson 491. Warm-up.2. Learn the technique of snatching a pistol from

CHINA 1942–1943 Drought, combined with the difficult international situation during World War II, caused famine in the Hunan province of China in 1942–1943. Almost 3 million people died of famine.* * *One of the most significant in the history of mankind

Counter-reforms of the 80s of the XIX century. Having carried out the reforms of the 60s. XIX century, the government of Alexander II gradually began to lean towards a tougher regime after the outbreak of the Polish uprising and especially after 1866 (the first attempt on the tsar's life). A series of assassination attempts in the late 70s. forced

Russian fortresses of the 90s. The Kronstadt experiments had a great influence on the designs of fortification buildings in Russian fortresses in the second half of the 90s, when not only were the previous forts “remodeled and completed” in the same way as in the first half of the 90s, but

The 211th Airborne Brigade was formed in 1938 on the basis of the airborne units available at that time.

Each airborne brigade included: four parachute battalions, an artillery battalion, an anti-aircraft artillery company, a sapper company, a communications company and a junior command school. In total, more than 3000 people, 20 amphibious tanks, 10 armored vehicles, 12 45mm guns, 6 76mm guns, 130 machine guns (165 heavy, 108 hand and 6 12.7mm anti-aircraft), 24-82mm mortars, 288 backpack flamethrowers and 113 scooters.

On 22nd of June The brigade was stationed in the Kiev Special Military District in Zhitomir and was part of the 1st Airborne Corps.

27th of June The 211th Airborne Brigade received an order from the commander of the South-Western Fleet to occupy the Ostropol UR with its units. This fortified area was built in 1939 and due to the annexation of Western Ukraine, further completion of the UR was not continued. Only concrete boxes of bunkers were erected, but the fortified area did not receive any weapons or special equipment. The structures had no doors or armored embrasures. As a result, the occupation of the UR troops was reduced to placing conventional weapons of rifle formations in concrete boxes, which, of course, greatly devalued the strength and power of the UR. The brigade and battalions of the Ostropol fortified area defended the area of ​​Korostki, Brazhnitsa, Ostropol.

The front was rapidly approaching the old border. On July 3, the Southwestern Front began withdrawing to the line of Ukrainian districts on the 1939 border, but the mechanized formations of Kleist’s 1st Grp did not give time for rifle divisions to fully occupy the defense on the old border.

Operational report of the headquarters of the 26th Army 08.07.41 There are no anti-personnel obstacles in front of the front of the fortified area; anti-tank obstacles are not completed. Pillboxes without doors or embrasures. Machine gun battalions are not trained. The backbone of the defense is the 211th Airborne Brigade.

July 9, 1941 Parts of the German 1TGr, supported by massive artillery fire, almost immediately broke through the defenses of the 211th Airborne Brigade in the Ostropol UR. The paratroopers, who did not have effective anti-tank weapons and artillery, and relied on bunkers poorly equipped with artillery, could not effectively resist the tank and artillery fist.

09.07.41 ..3rd anti-tank artillery brigade. In connection with her departure from the Ostropol fortified area and the flight of the fortified area battalion from the Lyubar area 211th Airborne Brigade could not withstand the attack of the enemy's 14th motorized division(as in the text, in reality 14MD operated in the GRA Center band) and was thrown back to the southeast to the original area.

Despite this, the Germans rated the combat effectiveness of the landing units quite highly: “In the vegetable and grain fields, the Russians allowed the advancing tanks to pass forward and opened sniper fire on the infantry from camouflaged equipped positions. There were a lot of hits to the head, big losses! In some areas it was necessary to besiege and destroy every single sniper trench. The most fierce battles were fought, the Russians fought stubbornly and decisively until the last bullet."

Operational report of the 6th Army headquarters 11.07.41 ...The 24th mechanized corps with the 211th airborne brigade and the 637th rifle regiment had the task of covering the direction of Dubrovka, Krasnopol, at 14 o'clock going on the offensive in the direction of Volitsa, Dubiche, but with the appearance at 12 o'clock in the area Motrunki, Molochki up to 200 tanks, threatening to disrupt the encirclement of Berdichev, by decision of the army commander the corps was left to cover the Yanushpol, Petrikovtsy line. ... By 5 p.m., parts of the corps were held by: the 32nd Panzer Division and 211th Airborne Brigade, Having accepted the battle, groups of tanks (up to 70 tanks) Buraki, Podorozhna, retreated to the south-eastern outskirts of Buraki, Podorozhna.

During fierce battles and in conditions of a deep breakthrough of the defense of the Southwestern Front, units of the 211th airborne brigade in fierce battles on July 11-14 were split into 2 parts (the so-called Ostropol and Lyubar groups).

On July 17, the 211th Airborne Brigade was in reserve 6A, covering the road from Berdichev to Vinnitsa, due to the danger of encirclement of 6A units. Due to the breakthrough of the German 1TGr on Bila Tserkva and the occupation of the Germans, Oratova retreated to the southeast on July 20, 1941, covering the rear of the army.

July 22-24 fights together with the 141st Rifle Division in the Ochitkov-Skala area (20 km north-west of Oratova), after which it is transferred to reserve 6A in the area south of Oratova.

By this time, the situation for the 6th and 12th Armies had become significantly more complicated. All attempts to break through to the northeast or east to join the 26th Army were unsuccessful. German tank divisions broke through to Oratov, and there was already a threat of German tanks reaching Uman, which threatened the troops of the 6th and 12th armies of the Southwestern Front and threatened the Southern Front. Moreover, German troops broke through the Letichevsky UR on July 17 and occupied Vinnitsa on July 19. In addition, a new threat from the neighboring Southern Front emerged. There, German troops crossed the Dniester and deeply wedged themselves into the defenses of the 18th Army. By July 25, 125, the German infantry division of the 11th Army captured Gaisin (40 km south of Oratov) and was already reaching the rear of the 6th and 12th armies of the Southwestern Front. The 211th Airborne Brigade was ordered to defend the rear of the 6th Army from a possible attack from the south.

Combat order from the 6th Army headquarters to the commander of the 211th Airborne Brigade July 26, 1941 The enemy forces of 125 Infantry Division advance from the west and on July 25, 1941 captured Gaysin. ... The 211th airborne brigade with the Communist battalion will immediately move along the route Frantovka, Podvysokoe, Ostraya Mogila, Kitay-Gorod with the task of defending the Kitay-Gorod, Slobodishche line, preventing the avenue from breaking through to the north-east.

July 27 in connection with the breakthrough of German tanks to Uman, he receives an order to be transferred to the Uman region. But the brigade does not have time to occupy the defense. By the end of the day on July 31, enemy units occupied Uman, blocking the retreat of General Ponedelin’s group in a southern direction. By July 31, he was operating southeast of the city, preventing the Germans from breaking through further to the south in order to cut off the last escape routes for the 6th and 12th armies. However, on August 2, the German 1st Mountain Rifle Division and the 9th Panzer Division, advancing from the east, met at the Sinyukha River. The encirclement of the 6th and 12th armies occurred.

However, our surrounded armies did not lay down their arms. On August 3, fierce attempts began to break out of the encirclement. The most active actions during the day took place in the southern and southeastern sectors of the encirclement front. The strike group of the 24th MK continued its offensive in the eastern and northeastern directions. By 17.00 the 49th Panzer Division, with support 211th Airborne Brigade was already fighting three kilometers from the village of Tishkovka. The 16th Motorcycle Regiment and the 44th Mountain Rifle Division again attacked Novo-Arkhangelsk, taking it into a semicircle. In the Ternovka area, the 58th State Duma, transferred from near the village of Kopenkovatoe, was deployed. But Chistyakov’s corps failed to break through to Yampol, as planned by the command of the 12th Army.

The enemy regarded the actions of the 24th MK on the eastern bank of the Sinyukha River as the creation of a bridgehead for the withdrawal of the entire group from encirclement. Therefore, the enemy planned an operation to destroy the Soviet troops that had broken through to the Novo-Arkhangelsk-Ternovka-Tishkovka area. It was planned to cut off the group of Soviet troops from the river, cut it into pieces and destroy it. By noon, the enemy approached Ternovka, where the artillery positions of the 58th State Duma were located. At the same time, along the western bank of Sinyukha, the Lang group of the 1st Mountain Herder Division reached the village. The rear areas of the 58th Guards Division and the 24th MK, located in the Pansky Forest, were destroyed. By evening, virtually all Soviet troops that crossed the river were destroyed. 49th Tank, 44th and 58th Mountain Rifle Divisions, 211th Airborne Brigade and the 2nd Ptarb were defeated.

The brigade commander, Colonel Glazkov, managed to escape from the encirclement. Subsequently, he commanded the 8VDK, which was then reorganized into the 35th Guards Division.

The longer you defend your rights, the more unpleasant the aftertaste.

The beginning of the 30s of the current century was marked in the history of our Fatherland by the industrialization of the national economy. And despite the fact that this process did not have much impact on the standard of living of the majority of the population, state institutions and, above all, the army very soon felt the change in domestic policy priorities. New technology poured into the Red Army, the use of which required fresh ideas. And these ideas appeared: in the mid-thirties, military thought in the USSR developed a new strategy based on the concept of a “deep offensive operation,” which provided for large-scale airborne assaults behind enemy lines as an integral part of an overall complex offensive.
And if before the exercises of the Kyiv and Belorussian districts the airborne units of the Red Army were represented by BONs (Special Purpose Battalion as part of the Air Force) and OSNAZ (freelance separate special purpose battalion under the rifle division as part of the Ground Forces), then in 1936 it was decided to form on the basis of numerous separate battalions of special purpose aviation brigades (ABON). One brigade was created in the Belarusian and Kiev districts, and three separate special purpose aviation regiments (APON) were created as part of the Separate Red Banner Far Eastern Army. In 1938, these formations and units were transformed into airborne units.

Airborne bases in the Moscow region. 1941-1945

G.V. Rivne

Places where airborne units are formed in the Moscow region:

Vnukovo– 10 airborne infantry battalion, 8th airborne infantry brigade (1943), 7th airborne infantry brigade, 10th airborne infantry brigade (1943/4), 7th airborne infantry brigade (1943);

Dmitrov– 1942 - 3rd and 4th maneuverable airborne brigades and brigades of Pacific sailors. fleet - 10 guards VDD ( Dmitrov, Yakhroma, Katuar, Orudyev o):.2 zap. Airborne Division (1943), 19th and 20th Guards Brigade (1943);

Zvenigorod– 12th Guards Brigade (1943),

Lyubertsy– 1st Airborne Division, 1942 - School of Airborne Instructors, 4th Airborne Division (1943), 11th Guards Brigade (+ Kopotnya, 1943);

Art. Monino– 16th Guards Brigade (1943);

Noginsk– 6th Airborne Corps (1942 – Glukhovo, Elektrostal), 6th Guards Infantry Division (1943), 6th Guards Infantry Brigade (1943);

Ramenskoye- 5th Airborne Division, 7th Guards Airborne Division (1943), 9th and 10th Guards Brigade (1943);

Stupino– 17th Guards Brigade (1943);

Fryazino– 3rd Guards Brigade (1942/3), 3rd Guards Brigade (1943), 13th Guards Brigade (1943/4);

Shchelkovo– 8th Airborne Brigade (1942 - 19th Airborne Brigade, 17th Art. Chkalovskaya, 18 – Raiki), 3rd Airborne Division (1943), 13th Airborne Brigade (1943/4);

Yakhroma– 18th Guards Brigade (1943).

Bases of the Moscow Military District

Kirzhach(Vlad region) - 9th Airborne Brigade (1943), 5th Airborne Brigade (1943); 14th and 15th Guards Brigade (1943/4).

Teykovo(Ivan region) – 4th airborne battalion, 1st airborne battalion, 1st, 2nd and 8th guard brigade (1943)

1941

By the beginning of the war, there were many airborne units in the Red Army, but their formation was closer to future military operations in the West and in the East in Primorye. Most of them took part in the fierce battles of June-August 1941. In those events, high energy and pressure in the battles of the paratroopers were already noted. The history of the Airborne Forces of this period of the war includes several effective airborne assaults, including in the Moscow region. The best known is the airborne assault in the Vyazemsk operation of 1941-42. But our topic is somewhat different - about the places where new airborne units were formed in the Moscow region, which became airborne bases throughout the war years.

In pre-war times, there were no airborne forces formation bases in the Moscow region. In September, the Airborne Forces became a special branch of the Red Army. The deployment of new corps and brigades of paratroopers began in the Volga Military District and in the Kirov Region.

On December 21, when the German troops were driven back from Moscow, the paratroopers received an Order to redeploy to the Moscow region, where district military commissars began work on preparing their deployment.

VGK Headquarters Directive No. 005920
Commander of the Volga Military District
on the redeployment of airborne formations

ordered:

1. Send the following military formations by rail to the points of new destination:

a) 1st - air-des. body - st. loading Pokrovsk 10.00 12/21/1941;

b) 4th - air-des. body - loading at station Anisovka 12.00 12/21/1941;

c) 2nd airborne. brigade - loading - st. Red Kut 4.00 12/23/1941;

d) 3rd air force. brigade - loading - st. Nameless 12.00 12/23/1941;

e) 7th air-des. body - loading - st. Nameless 12.00 12/22/1941;

f) 8th air-des. body - loading - st. Red Kut 12.00 12/22/1941;

g) 9th air-des. body - loading - st. Nameless 6.00 12/23/1941;

h) 10th air-des. body - loading - st. Adadurovo 6.00 12/23/1941.

2. Send the indicated formations fully with existing weapons, equipment, special property.

3. Provide those sent with: ammunition - 1.5 rounds of ammunition, fuel - 2 refills. Food - three days for the route and, in addition, a three-day unloading supply.

4. Confirm receipt. Deliver the execution.

On behalf of the Headquarters of the Supreme High Command
Chief of the General Staff B. Shaposhnikov

New town.

This is now the name of the military town of paratroopers (Airborne Signal Regiment) on Shchelkovskoye Highway near Bear Lakes. And it began in pre-war times, when the airfield of the Experimental Test Site of the Airborne Forces was built here.

His boss was the Honored Master of Sports of the USSR in parachuting, Colonel A.I. Zigaev. (pictured, from V. Romanyuk’s book “Notes of a Test Parachutist”)

The flight tests were led by the famous designer of landing gliders, military engineer Pavel Tsybin. Testing of landing parachutes, especially parachutes with weapons and equipment (artillery and light tanks), testing of landing gliders and other landing equipment was carried out day and night.

They say that on the Bear Lakes, in October 1936, the first experiments were carried out on landing T-37A amphibious tanks onto the water.

The first combat vehicle was dropped into Great Bear Lake from the lowest possible height - only 15-20 meters. In total, three T-37A (without crew) with different shock absorption options were landed in the same way. However, the designers were in for severe disappointment - all the tanks received serious damage to the bottom when they hit the water and sank. Therefore, further experiments on dropping combat vehicles were stopped.

But amphibious tanks still saw action. They were actively used during the offensive of Soviet troops in Karelia in the winter of 1939-1940, during the “winter war” with the Finns. Then the T-37s, having easily crossed the water barrier, captured a bridgehead on the opposite bank of the Svir River...

In September 1942, it was in Bear Lakes that two glider air regiments were formed, each armed with 12 tugs and 30 gliders. Glider pilots flew behind enemy lines at a distance of up to 500-800 km, delivering ammunition.

During the war, glider pilot S.N. served at the training ground. Anokhin, later a prominent test pilot, Hero of the Soviet Union (1956), and G.B. Pyasetskaya, a famous parachutist even before the war. And after the war, Galina repeatedly achieved all-Union and world record results and was awarded the title “Honored Master of Sports of the USSR.”

1942 First stage

Before the New Year 1942, airborne corps began to arrive in the Moscow region.

1st Airborne Division in Lyubertsy.

4th Airborne Division in Ramenskoye,

6th airborne battalion in Noginsk (corps commander, Major General A.I. Pastrevich; (11th and 12th airborne brigade in Elektrostal, 13th airborne brigade in Glukhov - a suburb of Noginsk).

7th Airborne Division to Moscow (comoral corps major general I.I. Gubarevich).

8th airborne battalion in Shchelkovo (corps commander, Major General V.A. Glazkov).

9th Airborne Division to neighboring Kirzhach, Ivanovo Region (corps commander, Major General I.S. Bezugly).

10th Airborne Division in Vnukovo (corps commander Colonel N.P. Ivanov).

Combat training continued again.

To the defense of Stalingrad

By decree of the State Defense Committee dated July 29, 1942, 8 Airborne Forces received an urgent order to reorganize into guards rifle divisions. By STAVKA directives of August 2 and 5, 7 divisions were sent to the South near Stalingrad, where they received a baptism of fire in the Battle of Stalingrad, confirming their title as Guards with their heroism.

These were Shchelkovskaya 35th Guards sd, Kirzhachskaya 36th Guards sd, Lyubertsy 37th Guards sd, Teykovskaya 38th Guards sd, ramenskaya 39th Guards sd., Noginskaya 40 Guards sd, Vnukovskaya 41st Guards sd.

By a directive dated August 5, the command of the 1st Guards Army (5 paratrooper divisions - No. 37-39) was urgently formed in Lyubertsy - commander - General. Lieutenant Golikov N.F.

A week later they already entered into battle on the northern face of the German wedge. Everyone knows what fierce battles took place in Stalingrad. And on the distant approach to it the fighting was no less fierce. The divisions were halved in size in 2 weeks.

During the battles for Stalingrad, General V.I. Chuikov, who commanded the 62nd Army that held the city, especially distinguished the paratroopers Lyubertsy 37th Division of General V.G. Zholudev: "...young, tall, healthy, many dressed in paratrooper uniforms, with daggers and finks on their belts. When hit with a bayonet, they threw the Nazis over themselves like sacks of straw. They stormed in groups. They did not know retreat, surrounded by them, they fought to the last "

Shchelkovskaya 35th Division of General V.A. Glazkov (on the picture). On September 4, 1942, the Krasnaya Zvezda newspaper wrote about the 35th Guards. SD: “Where an indestructible defense has been created, where the defenders of the battle line are determined to die rather than let the enemy through, no advantage in tanks, no air impact helps the Germans. In the battles for Stalingrad, many units of the Red Army showed outstanding heroism and resilience. An example is the Guards division, commanded by Major General Glazkov. Stubbornly defending the approaches to Stalingrad, the courageous warriors of this division mercilessly destroy Germans and equipment.”

The general died in these battles; his overcoat, riddled with bullets and shrapnel, hangs in the Museum of the Battle of Stalingrad as a monument to commanders and paratroopers.

In the ranks of 35 Guards. SD fought with Guard Art. lieutenant Ruben Ruiz Ibarruri, son of the leader of the Spanish Communist Party Dolores Ibarruri, organizer of the struggle of the Spanish people in 1938-1939. with Franco's rebel troops and their German allies. ... Pulrota commander Ruben Ibarruri died of his wounds on September 3. Having learned about the death of her son, Dolores Ibarruri wrote in a letter to Ruben’s comrades, the company’s machine gunners: “... when you defeat fascism and the Red Banner of the proletariat flies over Berlin, I will know that on this banner there is a drop of my Ruben’s blood.”

In February 1943 our divisions were withdrawn beyond the Volga for reorganization. Several hundred fighters remained from them. After the reorganization, the guardsmen still had a long battle ahead.

The words of Ruben’s mother prophetically came true - precisely at the position of the 35th Guards. The SD came out in Berlin as a parliamentary representative of the German army with an agreement to surrender.

1942/43 Second phase

At the empty airborne bases, in August, the formation of a new composition of the same corps and brigades began, which, according to the Order of the NKO, by order of the NKO of December 8, 1942, were also transformed into rifle divisions, leaving the name of the airborne and with the addition of the guards.

Teykovo Ivanovo region - 4th airborne division -. V 1st and 2nd Guards. Airborne Division);

Fryazino and Shchelk. R. - 8th Airborne Division - 3rd Guards Airborne Division;

Lyubertsy – 1st brigade, 2nd and 5th maneuver. vdbr, Control 1 vdk - 4th Guards vdd.

Kirzhach Vlad. region - 9th Airborne Division - 5th Guards Airborne Division;

Noginsk- 6th Airborne Division - 6th Guards Airborne Division;

Ramenskoye- 5th Airborne Division - 7th Guards Airborne Division;

Vnukovo- 10th Airborne Division - 8th Guards Airborne Division.

Moscow region(location not determined) - 204th and 211th Airborne Brigades, 1st maneuver. vdbr – 9th Guards vdd.

Dmitrov- 3rd and 4th maneuverable airborne brigades and brigades of Pacific sailors. fleet - 10th Guards Airborne Division(Dmitrov, Yakhroma, Katuar, Orudevo).

In mid-February, they were sent 30-40 km south of Staraya Russa in order to, according to the plan of Marshal Zhukov (“Polar Star”), participate in the creation of another cauldron like at Stalingrad.

The 1st Shock Army included the 2nd (from Teykovo), 3rd (from Shchelkovo) and 4th Guards. Airborne Division, yes 16th Guards. sk consisted of the 6th (Noginsk) and 9th Guards. vdd. Their task from the south is to punch a hole to the west in the strong German defenses with dense minefields, defended by two infantry divisions.

To the powerful Special Group of Gen. M. Khozin sent the 1st (Teykovo), 5th (Kirzhach), 7th (Ramenskoye), 8th (Vnukovo) and 10th (Dmitrov) Guards to the 68th Army. vdd. Its task is to enter the breakthrough and begin encircling a large group of German troops with a strike to the north. This was part of Operation North Star.

From the Headquarters Order of February 6, 1943: “.. The main forces, in cooperation with the Volkhov and Leningrad fronts, encircle and destroy the Volkhov and Leningrad enemy groups.

5. Confirm receipt and convey decision by 02/16/1943.

Headquarters of the Supreme High Command I. STALIN, G. ZHUKOV

TsAMO. F. 148a. Op. 3763. D.103. L. 253, 254. Original.”

In 2012, I had to prepare a book on the 3rd Guards. Airborne Division, on the anniversary of its formation.

Study the events in these battles in detail.

February 4-5, 1943, units of the 3rd Guards. Airborne forces in vehicles are sent to the North-Western Front to concentration points. Then, by night marches on foot, they arrived at the front line on February 20th.

Heavy snow and warming (everyone was dressed in wet felt boots), lack of tank support led to large losses in the personnel of the 2nd, 3rd and 9th airborne divisions.

3rd Guards the airborne division, which lost more than half of its personnel here, but could not complete part of the task. Despite this, her result of advancing 3 km was the most effective in the 1st Shock Army.

Thus was the baptism of fire of the 3rd Guards. Airborne Division (commander - Colonel I.N. Konev ., on the picture) where she proved that she rightfully bears the title of Guards. But it was paid for in too much blood.

Let's compare two groups of numbers - before and after the operation:

At the end of March, all guards. The airborne divisions were put into reserve, re-formed and made it to the Battle of Kursk, where the final result was already different.

But let's return to the bases left by the paratroopers.

1943 Third stage. Year of the Dnieper airborne operation

By order of the NPO of the USSR No. 0067 dated April 15, 1943 7 new guards airborne brigades (from 1 to 7) were formed on the territory of the Moscow Military District.

The brigades were deployed:

1st Guards Airborne Brigade - Teykovo (place of deployment of the 4th Airborne Division, 1st Guards Airborne Division);

2nd Guards Airborne Brigade - Teykovo (place of deployment of the 4th Airborne Division, 1st Guards Airborne Division);

3rd Guards vdbr – Fryazino village and the city of Shchelkovo (location of the 8th Airborne Division, 3rd Guards Airborne Division);

4th Guards Airborne Brigade - Ramenskoye (location of the 5th Airborne Division, 7th Guards Airborne Division);

5th Guards vdbr - Kirzhach(place of deployment of the 9th Airborne Division, 5th Guards Airborne Division);

6th Guards Airborne Brigade - Noginsk (place of deployment of the 6th Airborne Division, 6th Guards Airborne Division);

7th Guards Airborne Brigade - Vnukovo village (place of deployment of the 10th Airborne Division, 8th Guards Airborne Division).

In accordance with the same order, the 2nd reserve airborne regiment from the village. Mokrous, Saratov region, was redeployed to the city of Dmitrov, the 7th reserve airborne regiment from the village. Miuss, Saratov region in Zvenigorod.

The fate of most of these brigades is known.

In September, the 3rd and part of the 5th Guards. The Airborne Brigades were airborne behind the Dnieper to block the Germans' approach to the newly captured Bukrinsky bridgehead.

2nd Guards Airborne Brigade - became part of the formed 11th Airborne Division.

4th, 6th and 7th Guards. The airborne brigades strengthened the airborne forces group of the 4th Ukrainian Front, which they wanted to use during the liberation of Crimea. In December 1943, the 4th and 7th Guards Airborne Brigades were returned to the Moscow Military District and on January 15, 1944, they were introduced into the city of Stupino along with the 16th Guards. airborne brigade in the formation of the 16th Guards. Airborne Division (Vostryakovo, Vnukovo, Stupino).

On the night of September 25, 5 thousand paratroopers of the 3rd (entire) and 5th (third) brigades were parachuted across the Dnieper.

Unfortunately for them, a day earlier, the retreating German XXI Panzer Corps was unexpectedly introduced into the same territory through the Kanevsky Bridge, closing the approaches to the bridgehead. Half of the landing force, literally thrown “on the enemy’s head,” died or was captured in the very first days. The wooded area and the mistakes of the pilots saved us from complete defeat - the landing party was scattered over 50-70 km instead of 15 km.

Having broken up into small groups and united with the partisans, the paratroopers fought heroically behind enemy lines. In early November, by order of the command, the joint military brigade (com. - Colonel of the 5th Guards Infantry Brigade M. Sidorchuk, on the picture) captured a bridgehead on the Dnieper from Cherkassy, ​​which significantly facilitated the crossing of the approaching units and their losses in the process.

Traditional exciting meetings in the 1st school with paratroopers have been an important patriotic event in the city of Fryazino since 1978. On the days of the landing anniversaries, Fryazino residents also take part in meetings in Cherkassy and at battlefields.

After assessing the many errors of the operation, Stalin ordered mass airborne assaults to be cancelled.

1943/44 Fourth stage – Svirsky

On June 4, 1943, GKO Resolution No. 3505ss “On the additional formation of 13 Guards Airborne Brigades” was issued.

"Top secret.

State Defense Committee

Resolution No. GOKO-3505ss

On the additional formation of 13 Guards Airborne Brigades

The State Defense Committee decides:

1. To oblige the Chief of the Main Form of the Red Army, Comrade Shchadenko, together with the Military Council of the Airborne Forces of the Red Army, to form by June 25, 1943, an additional 13 Guards Airborne Brigades according to staff No. 035/23 - 035/30, numbering 3,480 people . each.

2. Establish a three-month period of combat training and formation for the newly formed airborne brigades, completing it by October 1, 1943.

3. The deployment of the airborne brigades being formed will be established by the commander of the Moscow Military District, Comrade Artemyev, placing them on the basis of the airborne divisions previously formed in the district.

4. Oblige t.t. Shchadenko, Golikova, Voronov, Vorobyov and Peresypkin to fully staff the newly formed brigades in the following specialties no later than June 20, 1943:

a) well-trained junior command personnel no older than 30 years old, who have combat experience and meet the requirements of service in the airborne forces;

b) ordinary personnel at the expense of cadets of infantry, machine-gun-mortar, artillery-anti-tank, communications and military engineering schools, reduced by Decree of the State Defense Committee No. 3282 of May 2.

The selection will be made from cadets of military schools with at least 3 months of training and fit for service in the airborne troops.

5. Oblige the head of the Main Personnel Directorate, Comrade Golikov, the heads of the main departments and the heads of the military branches to staff the brigades being formed no later than June 15 with selected command personnel with combat experience, if possible from among those who previously served in the airborne troops.

6. The head of the GAU, Comrade Yakovlev, must provide the brigades being formed no later than June 25, 1943 with all required weapons and artillery property.

7. The heads of the central supply departments must fully provide the brigades being formed no later than June 25, 1943.

Chairman of the State Defense Committee
I.Stalin

Military personnel of the Guards also arrived from hospitals to staff the brigades. SD and Guards airborne forces who were wounded at Stalingrad and Staraya Russa. They were in almost every company.

New brigades were deployed:

8th Guards vdbr - Teykovo;

9th Guards vdbr - Ramenskoye;

10th Guards vdbr - Ramenskoye;

11th Guards vdbr – st. Lyubertsy;

12th Guards vdbr - Zvenigorod;

13th Guards airborne brigade - Shchelkovo (three battalions in Shchelkovo, 4th infantry brigade in Fryazino, 7/28/1943);

14th Guards vdbr - Kirzhach;

15th Guards vdbr - Kirzhach;

16th Guards vdbr – st. Losino-Petrovskaya, Monino ( by order- Monino);

17th Guards vdbr - Stupino;

18th Guards vdbr – Yakhroma ( by order- Dmitrov);

19th Guards vdbr - Dmitrov;

20th Guards vdbr - Dmitrov;

The number of each brigade according to staff No. 035/23 - 035/30 is 3480 people.

Six-month combat training of paratroopers began. At the end of December 1943, the brigades were consolidated into guards airborne divisions - the 14th Guards. airborne division (16th, 6th and 13th airborne brigades - headquarters in Noginsk), 13th Guards. Airborne Division (Dmitrov - 18th, 19th and 20th Guards Airborne Brigade), .15th Guards. airborne division (Ramenskoye - 9, 10 and 12 airborne brigade).

1944 airborne rifle divisions cross the Svir on the Karelian front

On January 19, by order of the NKO, the 13th Guards. The airborne division was reorganized into the 98th Guards Rifle Division and reinforced with appropriate artillery. and a tank. regiments, 14th Guards. Airborne Division - in 99 Guards. SD, 15th Guards Airborne Division in 100 Guards. sd. They entered the 37th Guards. page corps, which in the summer of 1944 was sent to the south bank of the Svir to the 7th Army of the Karelian Front.

The famous false landing with stuffed animals on rafts on Svir of 12 volunteers of the 300th Guards. sp. (b. 13th Guards Airborne Brigade, Shchelkovo) made it possible to identify the remaining unaffected Finnish firing points and destroy them, which made it easier for divisions and regiments to cross the Svir.

All 12 paratroopers survived and were nominated for the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

Thus began the Svir-Petrozavodsk offensive operation. The divisions, suffering losses when breaking through a 20-kilometer defense line that had been heavily fortified for three years, reached the Finnish border through rivers and forests. The Finns asked for peace.

1944/45 Outside the Moscow region.

But the bases continued to exist, receiving returning paratroopers from hospitals and infirmaries.

Creation of a base of landing equipment and equipment in Kolomna.

Memory

The Moscow land remembers the paratroopers of the Great Patriotic War. Many schools have collected a lot of materials about the exploits of heroes who became our fellow countrymen. They lived with our land for six months and sometimes up to a year. There are many examples when after the war they returned to our cities and started families. On the days of the anniversaries of the airborne units, their Veterans Councils more than once organized trips to these cities. We arrived on May 9 and took part in both the procession and rallies.

Streets in the cities of the Moscow region are named in memory of the paratroopers: in Noginsk - Airborne Paratroopers Street, in Fryazino (Paratroopers Passage), in Shchelkovo - Svirskaya Street (on the 99th Svirskaya Guards Rifle Division, the former airborne division), in Ramenskoye - Paratroopers Street, in Kirzhach - street Paratroopers.

Glory to the heroes!

ZIGAEV Alexander Ivanovich, Colonel of the Airborne Forces, born in 1905, in the Red Army from 1922, training. war with Finland in 1939/40. (title of the Red Star hordes"), in Otech. war 24.6.-3.9.41. From awards. sheet March 1943: “has been training paratroopers since 1934. He worked a lot to improve the equipment of parachutes. He was one of the authors of the manual for training paratroopers. He took an active part in supporting all military operations in 1942... He personally redesigned the landing parachute, which sharply reduced injuries during jumps... works a lot on testing multi-seat gliders and other parachute equipment. In preparation, dropping behind enemy lines and supporting the actions of the 4th Airborne Forces, he showed excellent examples of work... he prepared and sent weapons, ammunition and food on time. Worthy of being awarded the horde. Otech. Wars of the 1st degree... Commander of the Airborne Forces, Major General Glazunov. February 22, 1943." In 1943 beginning. 6th Airborne Forces Headquarters Directorate. Honored Master of Sports of the USSR.

TSYBIN Pavel Vladimirovich, engineer-lieutenant colonel at the disposal of the Airborne Forces, born in 1905, in the Red Army from 1927, seriously wounded in a plane crash, training. battles on CF X-XII.42. From load sheet for the first order (“Red Star”): “...organized the work of the Airborne Forces glider group and carried out a wide operation to deliver Belorussians. the partisans received more than 40 tons of ammunition and the landing of 150 demolition paratroopers during the most difficult period of the offensive of the punitive detachments...” Famous designer of heavy gliders, cruise missiles, Buran, etc. Awarded many orders.

ANOKHIN Sergei Nikolaevich, born in 1910, famous glider test pilot even before the war, parachute master. sports of the USSR (1941), from Dec. 41 - art. Lieutenant, commander of the test detachment. The Airborne Forces air squadron is testing landing equipment at the Experimental Test. Airborne Forces training ground in Bear Lakes. In August-September 1942, he conducted unique tests of the “T-60 flying tank”, to which wings and a tail were attached. On the Kalinin Front - commander of the flight detachment of the 19th Airborne Brigade, then in the LII Air Force, Hero of the Soviet Union (1956), colonel.

PYASETSKAYA Galina Bogdanovna (1915-2007), lieutenant colonel, Honored Master of Sports (parachute) (1935 – Order of the Red Star).