Protozoa. Topic: "Single-celled animals" Movement organelles temporary or permanent
Animals 2017
1. The cross spider belongs to the class of arachnids, since it has
1) the body consists of three sections: head, chest and abdomen
2) the body consists of two sections: cephalothorax and abdomen
3) there are no antennae on the head
4) one pair of antennae on the head
5) three pairs of legs
6) four pairs of legs
2. In what case can animal behavior be classified as instincts?
1) spawning migrations of fish 2) reactions of ciliates to table salt
3) collection of nectar and pollen by bees 4) movement of green euglena to a lighted place
5) the reaction of aquarium fish to the tapping of the feeder 6) the laying of eggs by the cuckoo in bird nests
3.
3) the larva is similar to an adult insect 4) the larva is unlike an adult insect
4. In freshwater hydra, jellyfish and coral polyp
1) the body is made up of two layers of cells
2) organs are made up of tissues
3) closed circulatory system
4) the body has ray symmetry
5) stinging cells are located in the outer layer of the body
6) each cell performs all the functions of a living organism
5. What are the characteristics of animals?
1) according to the method of nutrition - autotrophs 2) feed on ready-made organic substances
3) most are actively moving 4) most are practically motionless
5) according to the method of nutrition - heterotrophs 6) cells have chloroplasts and a fiber membrane
6. How is Archeopteryx similar to reptiles?
1) the body is covered with feathers 2) has a long tail
3) the hind limbs have an elongated tarsus 4) there are 4 fingers on the legs (3 are directed forward, 1 is backward)
5) there are teeth on the jaws 6) fingers with claws on the forelimbs
7. What are the signs that Archeopteryx belongs to the class of birds?
1) the body is covered with feathers 2) there are three fingers with claws on the forelimbs
3) on the hind limbs, an elongated bone - tarsus 4) on the legs 4 fingers (3 directed forward, 1 backward)
5) teeth on the jaws 6) the sternum is small, without a keel
8. Select the signs related to protozoa
1) a cell is an integral organism 2) movement organelles are temporary or permanent
3) eukaryotic unicellular organisms 4) prokaryotic unicellular organisms
5) multicellular organisms 6) respond to environmental changes with a reflex
9. Select the traits that apply only to coelenterates
1) three-layer body structure 2) bilateral symmetry
3) two-layer body structure 4) there is a polyp stage in the development cycle
10. Choose three correct statements out of six. Signs of annelids include
1) peripharyngeal nerve ring and nerve trunks with branches extending from it
2) bristles on the segments of the body
3) peripharyngeal nerve ring and ventral nerve cord
4) poor development or absence of sensory organs
5) the presence of a closed circulatory system
6) nutrition with tissues of the organs of the human body
11. Choose three correct answers from six. Tapeworms are
1) echinococcus 2) tapeworm 3) wide tapeworm
4) cat fluke 5) liver fluke 6) milky white planaria
12. Choose three statements from the six offered. What are the characteristics of crayfish
1) the body is divided into the cephalothorax and abdomen 2) the body is covered with a shell
3) excretory organs - green glands 4) have three pairs of walking legs
5) chemotrophic nutrition, producers 6) breathe oxygen dissolved in water
13. Choose three statements from the six offered. The signs of insects are
1) breathing with oxygen dissolved in water 2) division of the body into the cephalothorax and abdomen
3) tracheal breathing 4) one pair of compound (faceted) eyes
5) four pairs of walking limbs 6) division of the body into head, chest and abdomen
14. The complication of the organization of bony fish in comparison with cartilage is manifested in
1) the presence of a swim bladder in most species 2) the absence of a swim bladder
3) cartilaginous basis of the internal skeleton 4) ossification of the skeleton
5) formation of gill covers 6) absence of gill covers
15. What are the features of the circulatory and respiratory organs of amphibians?
1) three-chambered heart without a septum in the ventricle,
3) one circle of blood circulation,
4) two circles of blood circulation,
5) at all stages of development they breathe with the help of lungs,
6) at the stage of an adult animal, they breathe with the help of lungs and skin.
16. What structural features are characteristic of frogs?
1) development occurs in water, the egg without protective membranes,
2) skin-pulmonary respiration,
3) development occurs only on land,
4) skin breathing,
5) three-chambered heart, two circles of blood circulation,
6) four-chambered heart, two circles of blood circulation.
17. Which of the following characteristics provided turtles with adaptability to life on land?
1) The development of the germinal membranes, 2) the appearance of two circles of blood circulation,
3) internal fertilization, 4) horny formations of the skin - scales, scutes,
5) a four-chambered heart with a complete septum, 6) a three-chambered heart without a septum.
18. Select the features that characterize the progressive evolution of reptiles.
1) skin respiration, 2) development of a dense egg shell,
3) the appearance of the second circle of blood circulation, 4) cold-bloodedness,
5) increased lung function, 6) the appearance of an incomplete septum in the ventricle of the heart.
19. Adaptations to life in the water, formed in the process of evolution in whales:
1) the transformation of the forelimbs into flippers, 2) breathing with oxygen dissolved in water,
3) breathing oxygen in the air, 4) streamlined body shape,
5) developed subcutaneous layer of fat, 6) constant body temperature.
20. Whales, like other mammals:
1) breathe oxygen in the air
2) breathe oxygen dissolved in water,
3) have a streamlined body shape,
4) have a four-chambered heart,
5) move with the help of flippers and tail fin,
6) have a constant body temperature and an intensive metabolism.
21. Select the characteristic features of the circulatory and respiratory organs of mammals:
1) four-chambered heart, pulmonary breathing,
2) a three-chambered heart with an incomplete septum in the ventricle,
3) one circle of blood circulation,
4) two circles of blood circulation,
5) arterial blood enters the lungs,
6) venous blood enters the lungs.
22. Select the features characteristic of the class Mammals.
1) develop from three germ layers,
2) only reproduce sexually
3) there are stinging cells,
4) respiratory organs - gills, trachea, lungs,
5) warm-blooded, mostly placental animals,
6) the nervous system is represented by the abdominal nerve chain.
23. Select the most significant evolutionary acquisitions of mammals.
1) placenta, 2) occurrence of matrix synthesis reactions, 3) warm-bloodedness,
4) attachment to the habitat, 5) connection with water, 6) differentiation of teeth.
24. In insects with complete metamorphosis
1) three stages of development 2) four stages of development
3) the larva is similar to an adult insect 4) the larva is not similar to an adult insect
5) the stage of the larva is followed by the stage of the pupa 6) the larva turns into an adult insect
25. Choose three correct answers from six. An animal cell is characterized by the presence
1) ribosomes 2) chloroplasts 3) formalized nucleus
4) cellulose cell wall 5) Golgi complex 6) one ring chromosome
26. In insects with incomplete metamorphosis
1) three stages of development 2) external fertilization
3) the larva is similar to an annelids 4) the larva is similar in external structure to an adult insect
5) the larval stage is followed by the pupal stage 6) the larva turns into an adult insect
27. Bony fish include: 1. sharks 2. sturgeon 3. sterlet 4. stingrays 5. lancelet 6. carp
28. Select representatives of animals whose development occurs with the change of owners.
1. liver fluke 2. house fly 3. bovine tapeworm
4. wide ribbon 5. Maybug 6. medicinal leech
29. Select the features that are common to arthropods and mollusks.
Write your answer in numbers without spaces.
1. ray symmetry of the body 2. bilateral symmetry of the body 3. three-layer structure of the body
4. body segmentation 5. chitinous cover 6. open circulatory system
30. Undigested food debris is expelled through the mouth
1) planaria 2) hydra 3) roundworm 4) mosquito 5) jellyfish 6) squid
31. Choose three answers. Amphibians, unlike reptiles, are
1) internal fertilization 2) external fertilization 3) laying eggs in water
4) reproduction on land 5) development with metamorphosis 6) development without transformation
1) development of the larva in the body of the host 2) sexual reproduction
3) the presence of a dense cuticle 4) the presence of bilateral symmetry of the body
5) the presence of a skin-muscular sac 6) the formation of a large number of eggs
33. Mammals differ from reptiles in the following ways:
1) hairline 2) three-chambered heart 3) sweat glands
4) development of the placenta 5) dry skin 6) unstable body temperature
34. Which of the following animals have a mantle and a mantle cavity?
1) Scorpion 2) Cuttlefish 3) Toothless 4) Earthworm 5) Grape snail 6) Planaria
35. Animals with a primary body cavity are
1) bovine tapeworm 2) roundworm 3) pinworm 4) guinea worm 5) pork tapeworm 6) liver fluke
36. Select organisms whose excretory organs are represented by kidneys.
1) crayfish 2) earthworm 3) fish 4) bee 5) lizard 6) frog
37. Which of the following animals are protostomes?
1) earthworm 2) lamprey 3) bee 4) lancelet 5) sea urchin 6) toothless
38. Which of the following animals are deuterostomes?
1) grape snail 2) starfish 3) roundworm 4) crucian carp 5) man 6) Drosophila
39. The similarity of crustaceans, arachnids and insects is that they have
1) the body consists of departments 2) the nervous system in the form of a tube
3) the limbs are divided into segments 4) the cover consists of chitin
5) the same number of antennae 6) a closed circulatory system
40. Which of the following aromorphoses led to the emergence of reptiles? Choose three answers.
1) the appearance of the chest to suck air into the lungs
2) the appearance of a cover of keratinized scales
3) the formation of five-fingered limbs 4) the appearance of egg shells
5) the appearance of skin respiration 6) the appearance of the second circle of blood circulation
41. Choose from the given examples of aromorphosis (complication of organization).
1) The emergence of a four-chambered heart in mammals.
2) The emergence of brain blood vessels in birds.
3) The emergence of the blood supply system of the liver in reptiles.
4) The emergence of two circles of blood circulation in amphibians.
5) The emergence of the circulatory system in annelids.
6) The emergence of the capillary system in the gills of fish.
42. Choose three correct answers from six.
If in the process of evolution an animal has formed a brain,
shown in the figure, then this animal is characterized
1) four-chambered heart 2) external fertilization
3) skin with scales or shields 4) constant body temperature
5) cellular lungs 6) development of the embryo in the uterus
43. Read the text. It is known that the red kangaroo belongs to the family of marsupial mammals. Using this information, choose three sentences from the text below. Write down the numbers under which they are indicated.
(1) The height of the male large red kangaroo is 1.5 meters (2) The red kangaroo can jump 13.5 meters in length, 3.3 in height. (3) The red kangaroo feeds on grasses of the steppes and semi-deserts, cereals and
other flowering plants. (4) Like other marsupials, the female kangaroo gives birth to a tiny baby weighing 1 g and 2 cm long, which grabs the mother's fur and crawls into the pouch. (5) In a bag
the cub grabs one of the nipples and attaches its lips to it for 2.5 months. He does not have the strength to suck, so the female injects milk into his mouth due to the contraction of special abdominal muscles. (6) Growing up
the kangaroo begins to make short sorties out of the mother's pouch, immediately jumping back at the slightest rustle.
44 . Read the text. It is known that the common hippopotamus, or hippopotamus, is a large semi-aquatic herbivorous mammal. Using this information, select three statements from the text below that relate to the description of these characteristics of this organism. Write down the numbers. (1) The mass of large males reaches 4 tons, the body length is 3 meters, the height at the shoulders is up to 165 cm. The nostrils, eyes and ears are slightly raised, which allows the hippopotamus to breathe, see and hear, while remaining almost completely underwater. (2) A characteristic feature of the hippopotamus is its semi-aquatic lifestyle - it spends most of its time in the water, coming out on land only at night for a few hours to feed. (3) The skin of the hippopotamus is grey-brown with pinkish tinges and reaches a thickness of 4 cm. (4) The total length of the digestive tract (stomach and intestines) is 60 meters, which allows the hippopotamus to absorb fiber from plants much more fully. (5) Sexual dimorphism is weakly expressed, females are 10% smaller than males. (6) Behemoth belongs to the order of artiodactyls, since its limbs have four fingers, each of which ends in the likeness of a hoof.
45. Analyze the table "Single-celled animals". Fill in the blank cells of the table using the terms given in the list. For each cell marked with a letter, select the appropriateterm from the proposedlist. unicellular animals
RepresentativeAmoeba ordinary
Euglena green
Nutrition
(BUT)
Autotrophic (in the light), heterotrophic (in the dark)
(B)
pseudopods
Flagella
Selection
contractile vacuole
(AT)
Autotrophic 2. 2 contractilevacuoles 3. Contractilevacuole
46. Consider the skeleton of a bird, what are the parts of the skeleton called,
marked with numbers 1 and 2, what meaning do they have.
9. 346
10. 235
11. 123
12. 136
13. 346
14. 145
15. 146
16. 125
17. 134
18. 256
19. 145
20. 146
21. 146
22. 125
23. 136
24. 245
25. 135
26. 146
27. 236
28. 1 34
29. 236
30. 125
31. 235
32. 136
33. 134
34. 235
35. 234
36. 356
37. 136
38. 245
39. 134
40. 124
41. 145
42. 146
43. 456
44. 124
45. 653
46.
1) Under the number one - keel, under the number 2 - lantern - a device for flying,
2) Keel (sternum outgrowth) - strong pectoral muscles are attached to it, moving the wings.
3) Tarsus (part of the bones of the tarsus and all the metatarsal bones have fused and formed a single
bone) - an additional bone for soft landings and provides the ability to not
fall from branches (or, a long tarsus helps the bird to better take off when taking off and run on the ground).
36. Which of the following animals are protostomes?
1) earthworm 2) lamprey 3) bee
4) lancelet 5) sea urchin 6) toothless
37. Which of the following animals are deuterostomes?
1) grape snail 2) starfish 3) roundworm
4) crucian carp 5) man 6) Drosophila la
10. Choose three correct statements from six. To the signs of ringed
worms are
1) peripharyngeal nerve ring and nerve trunks extending from it with
branches 2) bristles on the segments of the body
3) peripharyngeal nerve ring and ventral nerve cord
4) poor development or absence of sensory organs
5) the presence of a closed circulatory system
6) nutrition with tissues of the organs of the human body
11. Choose three correct answers from six. Tapeworms are
1) echinococcus 2) tapeworm 3) wide tapeworm
4) cat fluke 5) liver fluke
6) milky white planaria
28. Choose representatives of animals whose development occurs with a shift
hosts.
1. liver fluke 2. house fly 3. bovine tapeworm
4. wide ribbon 5. Maybug 6. medicinal leech
29. Select the features that are common to arthropods and molluscs.
1. ray symmetry of the body 2. bilateral symmetry of the body
3. three-layer body structure 4. body segmentation
5. chitinous cover 6. open circulatory system
30. Undigested food residues are excreted through the mouth opening at
1) planarians 2) hydras 3) roundworms
4) mosquito 5) jellyfish 6) squid
33. Which of the following animals have a mantle and a mantle cavity?
1) Scorpio 2) Cuttlefish 3) Toothless
4) Earthworm 5) Grape snail 6) Planaria
38. The similarity of crustaceans, arachnids and insects is that they have
1) the body consists of departments 2) the nervous system in the form of a tube
3) the limbs are divided into segments 4) the cover consists of chitin
5) the same number of antennae 6) a closed circulatory system
1. The cross spider belongs to the class of arachnids, since it has
1) the body consists of three sections: head, chest and abdomen
2) the body consists of two sections: cephalothorax and abdomen
3) there are no antennae on the head 4) there is one pair of antennae on the head
5) three pairs of legs 6) four pairs of legs
3. In insects with complete metamorphosis
3) the larva is similar to an adult insect
4) the larva does not look like an adult insect
5) the larval stage is followed by the pupal stage
6) the larva turns into an adult insect
12. Choose three statements from the six offered. What are the characteristics
for crayfish
1) the body is divided into the cephalothorax and abdomen 2) the body is covered with a shell
3) excretory organs - green glands 4) have three pairs of walking legs
5) chemotrophic nutrition, producers 6) breathe dissolved in water
oxygen
13. Signs of insects are
1) breathing with oxygen dissolved in water 2) division of the body into the cephalothorax and
abdomen 3) tracheal breathing 4) one pair of compound (faceted) eyes
5) four pairs of walking limbs 6) division of the body into the head, chest and
abdomen
24. In insects with complete metamorphosis
1) three stages of development 2) four stages of development
3) the larva looks like an adult insect 4) the larva does not look like an adult
insect 5) the larval stage is followed by the pupal stage
12. Match
FUNCTION A) defeat of the victim B) protection of the body from enemies
C) the body's response to irritation D) the formation of a body cover
D) movement
CELL TYPE 1) skin-muscular 2) nervous 3) stinging
14. Match
CHARACTERISTIC SIGNS
A) there is a body cavity B) there is no body cavity
C) intestine ends blindly D) intestine ends anal
hole D) characteristic life cycle with one host
E) a life cycle with a change of owners is characteristic
GROUPS OF ANIMALS 1) flatworms 2) roundworms
24. Match
FEATURES OF THE STRUCTURE
A) moves with the help of cilia B) has a cellular mouth
C) moves with the help of a flagellum D) capable of autotrophic nutrition
E) there are two nuclei E) there is a light-sensitive eye
THE SIMPLE TYPE OF GO 1) Euglena green 2) Infusoria slipper
29. Match AT SIGN:
A) the body is usually leaf-shaped or ribbon-shaped
B) the digestive system ends at the anus
B) in the space between the organs is the parenchyma
D) closed circulatory system
D) the presence of a secondary body cavity - the coelom
TYPE OF WORMS 1) Flatworms 2) Annelids
USE 2017. TASK No. 9. The Kingdom of ANIMALS.
Vertebrates
14. Complication of the organization of bony fish in comparison with cartilage
manifests itself in
1) the presence of a swim bladder in most species
2) the absence of a swim bladder
3) cartilaginous basis of the internal skeleton
4) ossification of the skeleton
5) formation of gill covers
6) lack of gill covers
15. What are the features of the circulatory and respiratory organs of amphibians?
1) three-chambered heart without a septum in the ventricle,
2) a three-chambered heart with an incomplete septum in the ventricle,
3) one circle of blood circulation,
4) two circles of blood circulation,
5) at all stages of development they breathe with the help of lungs,
6) at the stage of an adult animal, they breathe with the help of lungs and skin.
18. Select the features that characterize the progressive evolution of reptiles.
1) skin respiration,
2) the development of a dense egg shell,
3) the appearance of the second circle of blood circulation,
4) cold-bloodedness,
5) increased lung function,
6) the occurrence of an incomplete septum in the ventricle of the heart.
20. Whales, like other mammals:
1) breathe oxygen in the air
2) breathe oxygen dissolved in water,
3) have a streamlined body shape,
4) have a four-chambered heart,
5) move with the help of flippers and tail fin,
6) have a constant body temperature and an intensive metabolism.
21. Choose the characteristic features of the circulatory and respiratory organs
mammals:
1) four-chambered heart, pulmonary breathing,
2) a three-chambered heart with an incomplete septum in the ventricle,
3) one circle of blood circulation,
4) two circles of blood circulation,
5) arterial blood enters the lungs,
6) venous blood enters the lungs.
22. Select the features characteristic of the class Mammals.
1) develop from three germ layers,
2) only reproduce sexually
3) there are stinging cells,
4) respiratory organs - gills, trachea, lungs,
5) warm-blooded, mostly placental animals,
6) the nervous system is represented by the ventral nerve cord.
27. Bony fish include:
1. sharks 2. sturgeons 3. sterlets 4. rays 5. lancelet 6. carp
31. For amphibians, unlike reptiles, it is characteristic
1) internal fertilization 2) external fertilization
3) laying eggs in water 4) breeding on land
5) development with metamorphosis 6) development without transformation
35. Select organisms whose excretory organs are represented by kidneys.
1) crayfish 2) earthworm 3) fish 4) bee
5) lizard 6) frog
42. What animals belong to the class of reptiles?
1) common viper 2) pond frog 3) common newt
4) Nile crocodile 5) gray toad 6) viviparous lizard
USE 2017. TASK No. 10. The Kingdom of ANIMALS.
Vertebrates
1. Correlate the signs between amphibians (1) or reptiles (2)
A) internal fertilization
B) fertilization in most species is external
B) indirect development
D) reproduction and development takes place on land
D) thin skin covered with mucus
E) eggs with a large supply of nutrients
3. For each animal, select body temperature - constant (1) or
non-permanent (2):
A) River perch B) blue shark C) white hare D) common toad
E) Great tit E) Harp seal G) Quick lizard
7. establish a correspondence between the type of animal and the structural feature
middle - (1) three-chamber without a septum in the ventricle, (2) three-chamber with
incomplete septum in the ventricle or (3) four-chamber:
A) quick lizard B) common newt C) lake frog
D) blue whale E) gray rat E) peregrine falcon
20. Match 1) Fish 2) Reptiles
A) include the Squamous order, B) include the Cartilaginous class,
C) gill breathing, D) pulmonary breathing, E) developed lateral line,
E) some have a parietal organ that perceives light signals.
22. Match 1) Atlantic herring 2) big motley
woodpecker
A) venous blood in the heart, B) 4 chambers in the heart,
C) two circles of blood circulation, D) one circle of blood circulation,
D) venous blood from the heart goes to the lungs
E) there are two chambers in the heart.
23. Match 1) herbivore 2) carnivore
A) fangs are well developed, B) fangs are absent,
C) the caecum is short or reduced,
D) the stomach has several sections,
D) the intestines are many times longer than the body,
E) single-chamber glandular stomach.
32. Match 1) Amphibians 2) Birds
A) there are air sacs B) the lungs have a spongy structure
C) the ratio of the surface of the skin to the surface of the lungs is 2: 3
D) the lungs are represented by hollow sacs
E) double breathing E) partial skin breathing
34. Match 1) Cartilaginous fish 2) Bony fish
A) no swim bladder
B) the gills open outward through gill slits
C) some species are characterized by migration during spawning
D) gills covered with gill covers
D) as a rule, there is a swim bladder
E) are widely distributed in the oceans, seas, rivers, lakes
35. Match 1) Mammals 2) Birds
A) absence of teeth B) participation of the skin in loregulation
C) participation in breathing of air sacs D) alveolar structure of the lungs
D) filling of bone cavities with air
E) the presence of convolutions and furrows in the cerebral cortex
37. Match 1) monitor lizard 2) raven
A) mixed blood enters the cells of the animal
B) there is a keel in the sternum C) the limbs have a developed tarsus
D) have unstable body temperature
D) three-chambered heart with an incomplete septum in the ventricle
E) well-developed care for offspring
Date: __________ Control of knowledge on the section "Invertebrates" Option 1
students ____ 7 "__" class
Level A tasks
Instruction for students
A1. The type of animal nutrition is similar to nutrition:
Plants 3. Mushrooms
Algae 4. Bacteria
A2. Birds occupy the place in food chains:
Producers 3. Consumers
Reducers 4. All specified components
A3. Capable of photosynthesis:
Euglena green 3. Infusoria shoe
Amoeba common 4. Giardia intestinal
A4. Moves with the help of flagella:
Amoeba common 3. Plasmodium malaria
Ciliates trumpeter 4. Giardia hepatic
A5. Medusa does not have:
Ectoderm 3. Endoderm
Mesoderm 4. Nerve cells
A6. Tapeworms don't have a system:
Digestive 3. Nervous
Excretory 4. Genital
A7. In bull tapeworm digestion:
Intestinal 3. Intracellular
Both intestinal and intracellular 4. Absent
A8. In the lungs of a human roundworm:
Breeds 3. Is in the adult stage
Is in the larval stage 4. Not present in any of the forms
A9. Which of the properties of earthworms was used in the construction of submarines?
The ability of a worm to live underwater
The ability to swim in the water column and on its surface
The ability to regenerate a lost body part
body segmentation
A10. A new organ system that arose in the process of evolution in arthropods is:
Digestive 3. Respiratory
Circulatory 4. Nervous
A11. Four pairs of walking legs:
Tick 3. Annelids
Butterflies 4. Beetle
A12. With complete transformation develops:
Maybug 3. Desert Locust
Bed bug 4. Red cockroach
A 13. Pupa does not happen to:
Horse gadfly 3. Rhinoceros beetle
Soldier bug 4. Common mosquito
A14. Carriers of pathogens of infectious diseases are found among representatives of the detachment:
Hymenoptera 3. Lepidoptera
Coleoptera 4. Diptera
A15. A dangerous agricultural pest is:
Hawk hawk dead head 3. Big overflow bottle
Winter scoop 4. Urticaria
Level B assignments
Instruction for students
IN 1. Select the traits that apply only to coelenterates.
A) three-layer structure of the body
B) Bilateral symmetry
B) two-layer structure of the body
D) There is a polyp stage in the development cycle
E) The body consists of ectoderm, endoderm and mesoglea
Answer: _________________
Instruction for students
IN 2. Match the signs of insect orders:
Signs of insects: Squads:
Larva and adults occupy different habitats A) Lepidoptera
Mouth apparatus of gnawing type B) Orthoptera
Forewings are rigid, hindwings are thin
The mouth apparatus is turned into a proboscis
Direct development
The pupa is in the developmental stage.
Level C assignments
Instruction for students
C1. Name the measures to prevent human infection with roundworms.
Date: __________ Control of knowledge on the section "Invertebrates" Option 2
students ____ 7 "__" class
Full name _________________________________
Level A tasks
Instruction for students . When completing tasks of level A, select the number of the correct answer.
A1. Animal cells, unlike plant cells:
Non-nuclear 3. Have a different genetic code
Have no cell wall 4. Have no mitochondria
A2. The common property of all animals is:
Multicellularity 3. Ability for autotrophic nutrition
Eukaryotic structure of cells 4. The presence of a nervous system
A3. Moves with cilia
Infusoria stilonychia 3. Euglena green
A4. To type Intestinalnot applies to:
Medusa - cornerot 3. Coral polyp
Hydra freshwater 4. White planaria
A5. A common feature of Flatworms is:
Three-layer structure of the body 4. Beam symmetry
A6. Intermediate host - small pond snail in the development cycle:
Wide tapeworm 3. Bull tapeworm
Pork tapeworm 4. Liver fluke
A7. In roundworm:
Bilateral symmetry of the body and three layers of cells
Radiation symmetry and three cell layers
Two cell layers and ray symmetry
Two cell layers and bilateral symmetry
A8. Ringworms differ from roundworms:
Bilateral symmetry 3. Through the intestines
The presence of a body cavity 4. The presence of a circulatory system
A9. The main systematic feature of the phylum Arthropoda is:
open circulatory system
Development with full transformation
Tracheal breathing
Segmentation of the body and limbs
A10. Breathes with gills:
Swimming beetle 3. Crayfish
Spider tarantula 4. Obelia jellyfish
A11. The same number of pairs of walking legs have:
Spider and beetle 3. Tick and dragonfly
Scorpion and tick 4. Fly and jellyfish
A12. Incomplete transformation is characteristic of:
Butterfly Peacock eye 3. Dragonfly-yoke
Firefighter beetle 4. Housefly
A13. Insect larvae living in water breathe:
Gills 3. Tracheal gills
Tracheae 4. Body surface
A14. The Colorado potato beetle harms:
Cabbage 3. Wheat
Beets 4. Potatoes
A15. In biological control of agricultural pests, the following are used:
Rogokhvostov 3. Stinging wasps
Horseflies 4. Riders
Level B assignments
Instruction for students . Choose several correct answers from six. Write the selected letters in alphabetical order.
IN 1. Select the features that apply only to protozoa.
A) A cell is part of a whole organism.
B) Movement organelles are temporary or permanent
B) eukaryotic unicellular organisms
D) Prokaryotic unicellular organisms
E) The method of sexual reproduction of some representatives is conjugation (nucleus exchange)
Answer:______________
Instruction for students . Match the contents of the first and second columns.
IN 2. Match the characteristics of arachnids and insects with the classes to which they belong.
Traits: Classes:
1) The body consists of the cephalothorax and abdomen A) Arachnids
2) Four pairs of walking legs B) Insects
3) The body consists of a head, chest and abdomen
4) Three pairs of walking legs
5) Eyes simple and compound
6) Several pairs of simple eyes
Level C assignments
Instruction for students . Give a short or complete (long answer).
C1. Describe the role of mollusks in nature.
The sub-kingdom of unicellular or protozoa includes the smallest creatures whose body consists of one cell. These cells are an independent organism with all its characteristic functions (metabolism, irritability, movement, reproduction).
The body of unicellular organisms can have a constant (infusoria-shoe, flagella) or a non-permanent form (amoeba). The main components of the body of protozoa - core and cytoplasm. In the cytoplasm of protozoa, along with general cellular organelles (mitochondria, ribosomes, the Galji apparatus, etc.), there are special organelles (digestive and contractile vacuoles) that perform the functions of digestion, osmoregulation, and excretion. Almost all protozoa are able to actively move. The movement is carried out with prolegs(in amoeba and other rhizopods), flagella(euglena green) or cilia(ciliates). Protozoa are able to capture solid particles (amoeba), which is called phagocytosis. Most protozoa feed on bacteria and decaying organic matter. Food after swallowing is digested into digestive vacuoles. The function of selection in protozoa is performed contractile vacuoles, or special holes - powder(for ciliates).
The simplest live in fresh water, seas and soil. The vast majority of protozoa have the ability to encystment, that is, the formation of the dormant stage upon the onset of adverse conditions (lowering temperature, drying up of the reservoir) - cysts covered with a dense protective sheath. Cyst formation is not only an adaptation to survival under adverse conditions, but also to the spread of protozoa. Once in favorable conditions, the animal leaves the cyst shell, begins to feed and multiply.
Reproduction of protozoa occurs by cell division into two (asexual); many have sexual intercourse. In the life cycle, most protozoa alternate between asexual and sexual reproduction.
There are over 90,000 unicellular species. All of them are eukaryotes (have a separate nucleus), but are at the cellular level of organization.
Amoeba
A representative of the rhizopod class is amoeba ordinary. Unlike many protozoa, it does not have a permanent body shape. It moves with the help of pseudopods, which also serve to capture food - bacteria, unicellular algae, and some protozoa.
Surrounding the prey with pseudopods, the food is in the cytoplasm, where a digestive vacuole is formed around it. In it, under the influence of digestive juice coming from the cytoplasm, digestion occurs, as a result of which digestive substances are formed. They penetrate the cytoplasm, and undigested food residues are thrown out.
The amoeba breathes the entire surface of the body: oxygen dissolved in water directly penetrates into its body by diffusion, and carbon dioxide formed in the cell during respiration is released outside.
The concentration of dissolved substances in the body of the amoeba is greater than in water, so water continuously accumulates and its excess is excreted through contractile vacuole. This vacuole is also involved in the removal of decay products from the body. The amoeba reproduces by division. The nucleus divides in two, its two halves diverge, a constriction is formed between them, and then two independent, daughter cells arise from one mother cell.
Amoeba is a freshwater animal.
Euglena green
Another widespread species of protozoan animals lives in fresh water bodies - euglena green. It has a spindle shape, the outer layer of the cytoplasm is compacted and forms a shell that helps to maintain this shape.
From the front end of the body of the green euglena, a long thin flagellum departs, rotating which, the euglena moves in the water. In the cytoplasm of euglena there is a nucleus and several colored oval bodies - chromatophores containing chlorophyll. Therefore, in the light, Euglena feeds like a green plant (autotrophically). A light-sensitive eye helps to find the illuminated places of the euglena.
If Euglena is in the dark for a long time, then chlorophyll disappears and it passes to a heterotrophic mode of nutrition, that is, it feeds on ready-made organic substances, absorbing them from the water with the entire surface of the body. Respiration, reproduction, division in two, cyst formation in green euglena are similar to those in amoeba.
Volvox
Among the flagella there are colonial species, for example, volvox.
Its shape is spherical, the body consists of a gelatinous substance, in which individual cells are immersed - members of the colony. They are small, pear-shaped, have two flagella. Thanks to the coordinated movement of all flagella, Volvox moves. In a Volvox colony there are few cells capable of reproduction; from which daughter colonies are formed.
Infusoria shoe
In fresh water, another type of protozoa is often found - infusoria-shoe, which got its name because of the peculiarities of the shape of the cell (in the form of a shoe). The organelles of locomotion are cilia. The body has a constant shape, as it is covered with a dense shell. Infusoria-shoes have two nuclei: large and small.
big core regulates all life processes, small- plays an important role in the reproduction of shoes. The infusoria feeds on bacteria, algae and some protozoa. With vibrations cilia food gets into mouth opening, then - in throat, at the bottom of which digestive vacuoles where food is digested and nutrients are absorbed. Undigested residues are removed through a special organ - powder. The selection function is performed contractile vacuole.
It reproduces, like the amoeba, asexually, however, the sexual process is also characteristic of the ciliates-shoes. It consists in the fact that two individuals unite, an exchange of nuclear material occurs between them, after which they disperse (Fig. 73).
This type of sexual reproduction is called conjugation. Thus, among freshwater protozoa, the ciliate shoe has the most complex structure.
Irritability
Characterizing the simplest organisms, one should pay special attention to one more of their properties - irritability. The simplest do not have a nervous system, they perceive irritations of the entire cell and are able to respond to them with movement - taxis moving towards or away from the stimulus.
Protozoa living in sea water and soil and others
Soil protozoa are representatives of amoebae, flagellates and ciliates, which play an important role in the soil-forming process.
In nature, protozoa participate in the circulation of substances, perform a sanitary role; in food chains they are one of the first links, being food for many animals, in particular fish; take part in the formation of geological rocks, and their shells determine the age of individual geological rocks.
(Protozoa), a taxonomic group of microscopic, in principle unicellular, but sometimes united in multicellular colonies of organisms. Approximately 30,000 described species. All protozoa are eukaryotes, i.e. their genetic material, DNA, resides within an enveloped cell nucleus, which distinguishes them from prokaryotic bacteria, which lack a formalized nucleus.Structural and physiological features. Although the body of protozoa consists of a single cell, they are full-fledged organisms that coordinate all vital functions, including nutrition, excretion of decay products, and reproduction. Most protozoa are heterotrophs, i.e., like animals, they feed on ready-made organic substances present in the environment. However, some species contain the pigment chlorophyll and, like plants, are able, using solar energy, to form (photosynthesize) organic substances (carbohydrates) from inorganic ones, i.e. eat autotrophically. In this regard, the protozoa were sometimes classified as plants, sometimes as animals, sometimes as a separate group. One of the modern classification schemes places protozoa, along with unicellular algae and some other organisms, in the protist kingdom (Protista), within which protozoa are considered an independent subkingdom.main groups. The shape and structure of protozoan cells are very diverse; some groups are characterized by superficial scales, shells, and even complex hard skeletons. However, according to the method of locomotion (we are talking primarily about free-living, non-parasitic organisms), they can be divided into three main groups: 1) flagellates, moving with the help of few, but long thread-like appendages (flagella); 2) ciliary (ciliates), which usually use numerous, but short hair-like structures (cilia) for this purpose; 3) amoeboid (rhizomes), "flowing" over a solid substrate due to changes in the shape of the cell. Some very small parasitic species do without locomotion.The smallest protozoa belong to the genus
Some protozoa are covered with organic or mineralized scales, shells and shells, varying in structure and composition, or have a rigid intracellular skeleton, usually a complex lattice structure.
Physiology. The simplest photosynthesize organic matter (autotrophs), or absorb organic matter from the environment (heterotrophs), or use both methods of nutrition (mixotrophs). Heterotrophs either absorb dissolved substances from the cell surface (osmotrophs) or swallow solid food (phagotrophs) using various mechanisms, including other organisms (including protozoa), sometimes pursuing prey for this. Solid metabolic products are removed from the cell into the environment by fusion of the vacuoles containing them with the outer membrane, sometimes in its specialized area (cell powder, cytoproct). Excess water with some dissolved metabolic waste is actively pumped out by contractile vacuoles.The respiration of protozoa can be anaerobic (oxygen-free) or aerobic (requiring an oxygen environment). For obligate anaerobes, oxygen is harmful, and in an environment rich in it, they die. Some obligate anaerobic protozoa in oxygen-poor aquatic habitats respire with symbiotic bacteria. The intensity of respiration is directly proportional to temperature, and also depends on the type of metabolized substrate, i.e. molecules that are broken down for energy, and a taxonomic group.
