What are impersonal verbs? Their examples. What verbs are called impersonal What are impersonal verbs

What verbs are called impersonal? Give examples.

Answers:

Light, dark, cold.

impersonal verb A verb that expresses an action or state that occurs on its own, without their producer; With such a verb, the use of the subject is impossible. It's dawning. It's getting dark. Impersonal verbs do not change for persons and numbers, as well as for gender. They are used only in the 3rd person form. singular present and future tense and in the neuter singular past tense of the indicative mood, in the subjunctive mood and in the infinitive. It's getting dark, it's getting dark, it's getting dark, it's getting dark, it's getting dark. In my own way lexical meaning impersonal verbs express: a) natural phenomena. It's evening. Freezes; b) the physical and mental states of a person. Fever. I don't believe it; c) the modal meaning of obligation. Should show up. It is not appropriate to quarrel.

Verbs for denoting actions without a subject

First, let's remember what personal verbs are. Usually, when we talk about a certain person or object that performs an action, the phrase sounds like this - “he did”, “she said”, “they did”, “we decided” and so on. The verb in such a sentence is closely related to the noun - it describes the action that we ourselves, the people around us, animals or even inanimate objects perform.

However, it also happens differently. It happens that verbs tell about actions that occur as if by themselves - no one performs them, there is no person who would be responsible for the process. It is these verbs that are called impersonal.

Here are some examples:

It was getting dark outside.
I usually get lucky in the lottery.
It blew outside the window.
In the evening he felt sad.
A chill came from the window.

For verbs of the impersonal form, some common features are characteristic. In particular, they do not decline by gender and number, of course, they do not have persons, participles or gerunds cannot be formed from them.

What are impersonal verbs?

Indefinite form, or infinitive. For example - "to get dark, to get dark, to want."
Conditional mood. For example - “it would have dawned sooner”, “all traces would have been covered up”, “everything would have passed with time”.
Indicative. In it, an impersonal verb can have the singular form of the 3rd person in the present tense - for example, “it’s getting dark outside”, “it’s snowing outside”. In addition, there are verbs in the future tense - “it will get dark” or “it will snow” - and in the past. But in the last case masculine changes to medium - “it got dark”, “it blew”.

There are also impersonal verbs formed from personal verbs of the 3rd person and the singular with the help of the particle “sya”. For example - "do not sleep." IN this case the personal verb would sound like "not sleeping" and would be attached to the subject - "he is not sleeping", "she is not sleeping". But in a modified form, the verb denotes a physical or emotional state that can refer to anyone - and therefore is impersonal.

Impersonal verbs are called, which name an action or state, proceeding in itself, without indicating their producer. A subject is never attached to forms of impersonal verbs. For example: It was already "a little light in the yard ... (Pan .;.
Impersonal verbs.do not.change in limes. They are used only in the form of the 3rd person singular of the present or future tense, as well as in the form of the past middle tense. But these firms have no personal meaning. For example: From lindens it pulls with eared honey (Fet); Buckwheat honey smelt from the fields (Fad.).
Impersonal verbs can be irrevocable and reflexive. For example: chilly, unwell^
Impersonal verbs proper have an irrevocable form: it gets light, it freezes, it’s bright, it’s feverish, it’s zchoreegp. and others, as well as personal verbs in personal use. Wed: This melon smells like pineapple - It smells like honey in the field.
The reciprocal form of impersonal gyagodas is most often distinguished from personal ones, by means of the addition chaetshP-sya or ^-s. For example: I can't sleep - I can't sleep; There was glass on the table - Do not sit in a cramped hut, do not lie on the stove
(n.).
Impersonal verbs can take the form of subjunctives "from inclination. For example: I would not like to go at night, but I must."
- Impersonal verbs in an indefinite form can enter into a combination (^ with personal verbs having the form of the 3rd_lishcha of a single number ^ or ^ "neuter past and yr" puppy impersonal tskh uses *. For example: It starts to get dark; It became light " pkhat (Prishv.).
English verbs have _different meanings_They_ express:

phenomena drives (freezes, dawns); 2) various states of a person (chills, can not sleep, can not sit); 3) spontaneous actions(snow covered, flooded with water), etc.

Exercise 269. In the sentences below, find impersonal verbs, as well as personal ones in impersonal use. Specify their meaning.
1. It was getting dark. The mountains were already in shadow (Pavl.). 2. Soon it will be dawn (M. G.). 3. The intoxicating delight of the first minutes has long passed. I wanted to fall and fall asleep (Quiet). 4. Dozing sweetly in the crib (Bl.).

The steppes are red. Stacks of bread here and there, like Cossack hats, dazzled across the field (G.). 6. The guest's ears crackled and his head began to spin (Kr.). 7. And every year, like a yellow leaf is spinning, everything seems, and I remember, and it seems that the autumn of past years was not so sad (Bl.). 8. By noon, when, like yesterday, it thundered slightly, it poured warm rain (Prishv.). 9. Strongly soars from the ground (Prishv.). 10. People dressed in spring were passing by him, some boy was fishing, but nothing came of it (Tikh.). I. It has been getting dark for a long time (P.). 12. It was colder than in the morning (G.). 13. Here it was carried away by cold dampness from the east (L.). 14. One night, bright, warm, windy, the ice on the river blew up (Kopt.). 15. Dmitrienko took me to the skyscraper. It began to dawn (Closed).