List of irregular verbs with transcription. Irregular English verbs and their translation. main verbs in English

Verb- this is an independent part of speech that answers the questions what to do ?, what to do? (be, learn, dream, go…)

According to the method of formation of past tense forms (V2) and past participles (V3), all English verbs are divided into 2 groups: regular (Regular Verbs) and irregular verbs (Irregular verbs).

The English verb has three forms. The verb forms are denoted by Roman numerals I, II, III.

I form(or an infinitive without to), for example: to make (to do) - make - the first, or main form that answers the question what to do ?, what to do? With the help of the first form of the verb, the Present Simple Tense is formed. When forming Present Simple Tense, the ending is added to the I form of the verb in the 3rd person singular (he, she, it - he, she, it) -s or -es(he jumpes, she jumpes, it jumpes, he cries, she cries, it cries, he does, she does, it does) . With the rest of the pronouns (I, we, you, you, they - I, we, you, you, they), the I form of the verb is used unchanged.

II form serves to form the simple past tense (Past Simple Tense). When forming the simple past tense, both regular and irregular verbs are used. Regular verbs form II and III forms by adding the suffix form I to the stem –ed(jump - jumped - jump - jumped) . If the verb is not regular, then its past tense form corresponds to the second column in the table of irregular verbs (be - was / were, do - did, make - made).

III form- Participle II (Participle II) - a special form of the verb that denotes a sign of an object by action and answers the questions of an adjective (lost, baked, done). For regular verbs III, the form coincides with II: jump (I) - jumped (II) - jumped (III) (jump - jumped - jumped). II and III forms of irregular verbs can be formed in various ways, indicated below.

Regular verbs

Regular verbs form II and III forms by adding the suffix form I to the stem – ed (- d), which is pronounced like:

• [ d] after vowels and voiced consonants: to clean (clean) - cleaned (cleaned); to play (play) - played (played);
• [ t] after the deaf: to work (work) - worked (worked), to look (watch) - looked (looked);
• after [d] And [t]: to want (want) - wanted (wanted), to mend (repair) - mended (repaired).

When forming II and III forms of verbs, pay attention to the following spelling rules:

• If the I form is a short root syllable and ends with one consonant, then when adding the ending –ed the last vowel of the root is doubled: to stop (stop) - sto pped(has stopped).
• -y, preceded by a consonant, the letter y changes to i: to carry (carry) - carried (carried), to study (learn) - studied (studied). But if the stem of the verb ends in -y, which is preceded by a vowel, then the stem of the verb is simply added - ed: to play (play) - played (played), to stay (stay) - stayed (stayed).
• If the stem of the verb ends in -e, which is not pronounced, then the II and III forms of the verb are formed by adding the ending - d: to arrive (arrive) - arrived (arrived).

Irregular Verbs

Irregular Verbs- these are verbs that have special, fixed forms of the past tense and participles, their forms do not have a clear education algorithm and are learned by memorizing: to make (to do) - made (done) - made (done). Most English irregular verbs are native English, derived from verbs that existed in Old English. Most irregular verbs exist as remnants of historical systems of conjugation (changing the verb by person - I'm coming, you're coming, he's coming...).

Irregular verbs are used to form the past simple (Past Simple), present perfect (Present Simple), past perfect tense (Past Perfect), in the passive voice (Passive voice), when converting direct speech into indirect (Reported speech), in conditional sentences ( conditional sentences).

table of irregular verbs

Infinitive		past tense		Past Participle		Translation
arise	[ə"raiz]	arose	[ə"rəuz]	arisen	[ə"riz(ə)n]	arise, appear
wake up	[ə"weik]	awoke	[ə"wəuk]	awoken	[ə"wəukən]	wake up, wake up
be		was, were	,	been		be
bear		bore		born		give birth, bring
beat		beat		beaten	["bi:tn]	beat
become		became		become		become
begin		started		begun		start off)
bend		bent		bent		bend, bend
bind		bound		bound		bind
bite		bit		bitten	["bɪtn]	bite)
bleed		bled		bled		bleed
blow		blew		blown		blow
break		broke		broken	["broukən]	break)
breed		bred		bred		bring up
bring		brought		brought		bring
build		built		built		build
burn		burnt		burnt		burn, burn
burst		burst		burst		explode, explode
buy		bought		bought		buy
cast		cast		cast		throw, pour (metal)
catch		caught		caught		catch, seize
choose		chose		chosen	["tʃouzən]	choose, pick
come		came		come		come
cost		cost		cost		cost
cut		cut		cut		cut
dig		arc		arc		dig, dig
do		did		done		do
draw		drew		drawn		draw, draw
dream		dream		dream		dream, dream
drink		drank		drunk		drink
drive		drove		driven	["drɪvən]	drive
eat		ate		eaten	["i:tn]	There is
fall		fell		fallen	["fɔ:lən]	fall
feed		fed		fed		feed
feel		felt		felt		feel
fight		fought		fought		fight
find		found		found		find
fit		fit		fit		fit in size
fly		flew		flown		fly
forget		forgot		forgotten		forget
forgive		forgave		forgiven		forgive
freeze		frozen		frozen	["frouzən]	freeze
get		got		got		receive
give		gave		given	["gɪvən]	give
go		went		gone		go, walk
grow		grew		grown		grow
hang		hung		hung		hang, hang
have		had		had		have
hear		heard		heard		hear
hide		hidden		hidden	["hɪdn]	hide
hit		hit		hit		hit the target
hold		held		held		hold
hurt		hurt		hurt		hurt, bruise
keep		kept		kept		keep, save
kneel		knelt		knelt		kneel
knit		knit		knit		knit (knitting needles)
know		knew		known		know
lay		laid		laid		put
lead		led		led		lead, lead
lean		lean		lean		tilt
learn		learned		learned		learn
leave		left		left		leave, leave
lend		lent		lent		borrow, borrow
let		let		let		let
lie		lay		lain		lie
light		lit		lit		illuminate, ignite
lose		lost		lost		lose
make		made		made		do
mean		meant		meant		to mean
meet		met		met		meet
mistake		mistook		mistaken		make mistakes
pay		paid		paid		to pay
put		put		put		put, put
read		read		read		read
ride		rode		ridden	["rɪdn]	ride
ring		rank		rung		call, call
rise		rose		rising	["rɪzən]	get up
run		ran		run		run away
say		said		said		speak
see		saw		seen		see
seek		sought		sought		search
sell		sold		sold		sell
send		sent		sent		send
set		set		set		put, put
shake	[ʃeɪk]	shook	[ʃʊk]	shaken	["ʃeɪkən]	shake
shine	[ʃaɪn]	shone	[ʃoun, ʃɒn]	shone	[ʃoun, ʃɒn]	to shine, shine, shine
shoot	[ʃu:t]	shot	[ʃɒt]	shot	[ʃɒt]	fire
show	[ʃou]	showed	[ʃoud]	shown	[ʃoun]	show
shrink	[ʃriŋk]	shrank	[ʃræŋk]	shrunk	[ʃrʌŋk]	sit down (about the material), decrease (sya), reduce (sya)
shut	[ʃʌt]	shut	[ʃʌt]	shut	[ʃʌt]	close
sing		sang		sung		sing
sink		sank		sunk		drown
sit		sat		sat		sit
sleep		slept		slept		sleep
smell		smelt		smelt		smell, smell
slide		slide		slide		slide
sow		sowed		sown		sow, sow
smell		smelled		smelled		smell, smell
speak		spoke		spoken	["spoukən]	speak
spell		spelt		spelt		to spell
spend		spent		spent		spend
spill		spilt		spilt		shed
sleep		spat		spat		spit
split		split		split		split
spoil		spoilt		spoilt		spoil
spread		spread		spread		spread
stand		stood		stood		stand
steal		stole		stolen	["stoulən]	steal
stick		stuck		stuck		to stick, to stick, to stick
sting		stung		stung		sting
strike		struck		struck		hit, strike
striving		strove		striving	["strɪvn]	try, strive
wear		swore		sworn		take an oath
sweep		swept		swept		revenge, sweep
swim		swam		swum		swim
take		took		taken	["teɪkən]	take, take
teach		taught		taught		learn
tear		tore		torn		tear
tell		told		told		tell
think	[θɪŋk]	thought	[θɔ:t]	thought	[θɔ:t]	think
throw	[θrou]	threw	[θru:]	thrown	[θroun]	throw
understand	[ʌndər "stænd]	understood	[ʌndər"stʊd]	understood	[ʌndər"stʊd]	understand
upset	[ʌp"set]	upset	[ʌp"set]	upset	[ʌp"set]	upset, upset (plans), upset
wake		woke		woken	["woukən]	wake up
wear		wore		worn		wear
weep		wept		wept		cry
wet		wet		wet		wet, moisturize
win		won		won		win, win
wind		wound		wound		writhing, winding, winding (clock)
write		wrote		written	["rɪtn]	write

How to remember forms of irregular verbs?

Ladies and gentlemen, it's time for shameless and daring cramming! This is how you can remember the most common irregular verbs (irregular verbs) with pronunciation, which we have carefully selected for you, just like the leaves of the best teas are selected. Autumn is in full swing - brew some gulls and go over 3 forms of irregular verbs with you. Let's go!

Good to know that some of these verbs have the same spelling and pronunciation of all 3 forms, but there is also an insidious verb read, 2 and 3 whose form is read . So pay attention! And don't screw this up!

Basic irregular verbs with the same forms

So, at first it will be much easier to remember the aforementioned irregular verbs of the English language than to cram everything in a row. Here they are:

bet bet
burst explode)
cast cast a shadow, cast a shadow
cost cost, value
cut cut
fit fit (about clothes)
hit hit, hit
hurt hurt, injure, injure
let allow, allow
put put, put
quit leave, leave
rid deliver
set install, install, set up
Shed[ʃed] to shed (tears)
shit crap
shut[ʃʌt] to close
slit cut
split divide, split, split
spread spread
wet wet

In general, there are as many as 638 irregular verbs in the English language. But, fortunately, about 200+ are mainly used, and 100 of them are the most popular. Of course, you can learn all 638 and write a bestseller or retell Shakespeare in English. But do you really need that?

3 more verbs, the 1st and 3rd forms of which are the same:

come came come come
become became become become
run ran run run away

Ways to form irregular verbs

So easy! If the verb in Past Simple and Past Participle does not have the ending "- ed"(I felt / she has forgiven) - then he wrong, that is, verbs forming the form Past Simple and Past Participle do not add an ending «- ed» to the infinitive, and are formed in other wonderful ways.

These are, for example:

• change root vowels on " o» and adding graduation To 3 form:

break[breɪk] br o ke br o k en["brəuk (ə) n] (c) break
choose ch o se ch o se n["tʃəuz (ə) n] choose
forget forg o t forg o t ten forget
freeze fr o ze fr o ze n freeze, freeze
get g o t gott en["gɔtn] receive
speak sp o kesp o ke n["spəuk(ə)n] talk
steal st o le st o le n["stəulən] steal
tear t o re t o r n tear
wake w o ke w o ke n["wəuk(ə)n] wake up
wear w o re w o r n put on

• change root vowels on " o» only in 2 verb form:

drive dr o ve driven ["drɪv(ə)n] drive
ride r o de ridden ["rɪd(ə)n] to ride
rise r o se risen ["rɪz(ə)n] to rise
write wr o te written ["rɪt(ə)n] write

• Appearance in 2 form graduation «- ew", and in 3 — «- own»

blow bl ew bl own blow
fly fl ew fl own fly
grow gr ew gr own grow, grow
know kn ew kn own know
throw[θrəu] thr ew[θru:] thr own[θrəun] to throw

• Changing endings 2 And 3 forms on "- ought" And "- aught»

bring br ought br ought bring
buy b ought b ought buy
catch c aught c aught catch
fight f ought f ought fight
seek s ought s ought search
teach t aught t aught teach
think[θɪŋk]th ought[θɔ:t]th ought[θɔ:t] to think

• Change " ee" on " e» in 2 And 3 verb form + pronunciation change

keep k e pt k e pt keep
sleep sl e pt sl e pt sleep
feel f e lt f e lt feel
bleed bl e dbl e d bleed
feed f e df e d feed
meet m e tm e t meet
lead l e dl e d lead

• Vowel alternation at the root of the word in all 3 forms according to the principle " i-a-u»:

begin beg a n run u n start
drink dr a nk dr u nk drink
ring r a ng-r u ng call
shrink[ʃrɪŋk] shr a nk [ʃræŋk] shr u nk [ʃrʌŋk] shrink
sing s a ngs u ng sing
sink s a nks u nk sink, sink
spring spr a ng spr u ng appear, jump out
swim sw a m sw u m swim

• And now! The most wrong English verbs at all! They are so wrong that Dr. Evil himself (from the Austin Powers movies) would be shocked! They defy explanation and logic, they do what they want, in a word, they are simply destroyers of the system! But what are the necessary and useful:

be was/were been to be, to be
do did done do
go went gone go
have had had have
make made made do, make

• Is there some more wrong and at the same time correct verbs, such verbs-shifters. Check it out!

VERB	2 FORM	3 FORM	TRANSLATION
bereave		bereft/bereaved	deprive
bet	bet/betted	bet/betted	bet
broadcast["brɔ:dkɑ:st]	broadcast/broadcasted	broadcast/broadcasted	broadcast, transmit
burn	burned/burnt	burned/burnt	burn, burn
bust	busted/bust	busted/bust	round up
chide	chided/chid	chided/chidden	scold
clothes	clothed/clad	clothed/clad	dress
crow	crew/crowed	crowed	crow, cheer squawk, laugh
dive	dived/dove	dived	dive
dream	dreamed/dreamt	dreamed/dreamt	dream, dream
forecast["fɔ:kɑ:st]	forecast/forecasted ["fɔ:kɑ:st/"fɔ:kɑ:sted]	forecast/forecasted ["fɔ:kɑ:st/"fɔ:kɑ:sted]	to predict the weather) make a prediction
gild	gild/gilded	gild/gilded	gild gild
gird	girt/girded	girt/girded	surround, tighten (belt) attach a sword to a belt
hamstring["hæmstrɪŋ]	hamstring/hamstring ["hæmstrɪŋd/"hæmstrʌŋ]	hamstring/hamstring ["hæmstrɪŋd/"hæmstrʌŋ]	cut, mutilate
lean	leaned/leant	leaned/leant	tilt) bend
leap	leapt/leaped	leapt/leaped	jump, jump
learn	learned/learnt	learned/learnt	study)
light	lit/lighted	lit/lighted	kindle, illuminate
shrive[ʃraɪv]	shrove/shrived [ʃrəuv/ʃraɪvd]	shriven/shrived ["ʃrɪv(ə)n/ʃraɪvd]	confess repent
spell	spell/spelled	spell/spelled	pronounce or spell to bewitch, to speak
spill	spilt/spilled	spilt/spilled	spill, spill spill, spill
spoilv	spoiled/spoiled	spoiled/spoiled	(is) spoil
thrive[θraɪv]	Throw/thrived [θrəuv/θraɪvd]	thriven/thrived ["θrɪv(ə)n/θraɪvd]	prosper thrive
wake	woke/waked	woken/waked ["wəuk(ə)n/weɪkt]	wake up

We recommend that you memorize the form that is most familiar to you. After all, even the verb work"has irregular Past Indefinite and Past Participle forms (in both cases wrought), but it is outdated and almost never used. Create your own lists of irregular verbs and organize them into categories that are convenient for you to remember. And everything will be just fine!

100 most popular irregular verbs in English

table of irregular verbs

Infinitive	past simple	Past Participle	Translation
be	was/were	been	to be, to be
beat	beat	beaten	beat, beat
become	became	become	become
be	was/were	been	to be, to be
begin	started	begun	start off
bend	bent	bent	bend
bet	bet	bet	bet
bite	bit	bitten	bite
blow	blew	blown	blow, exhale
break	broke	broken	break, smash destroy
bring	brought	brought	bring, bring deliver
build	built	built	build, construct
buy	bought	bought	buy, acquire
catch	caught	caught	catch, catch grab
choose	chose	chosen	choose, elect
come	came	come	come, approach
cost	cost	cost	cost, cost
cut	cut	cut	cut, cut
deal	dealt	dealt	deal, distribute
dig	arc	arc	dig, dig
do	did	done	do, perform
draw	drew	drawn	draw, draw
drink	drank	drunk	drink
drive	drove	driven	drive, drive
eat	ate	eaten	eat, absorb eat
fall	fell	fallen	fall
feed	fed	fed	feed
feel	felt	felt	feel, feel
fight	fought	fought	fight, fight fight
find	found	found	find, discover
fly	flew	flown	fly
forget	forgot	forgotten	forget about (something)
be	was/were	been	to be, to be
forgive	forgave	forgiven	forgive
freeze	frozen	frozen	freeze, freeze
get	got	got	receive, reach
give	gave	given	give, donate, bestow
go	went	gone	go, move
grow	grew	grown	grow up, grow up
hang	hung	hung	hang up, hang up hang
have	had	had	to have, to possess
hear	heard	heard	hear, hear
hide	hidden	hidden	hide, hide
hit	hit	hit	hit, hit
hold	held	held	hold, hold detain
hurt	hurt	hurt	hurt, bruise to cause a pain
keep	kept	kept	store, save support
know	knew	known	know, have an idea
lay	laid	laid	put cover
lead	led	led	lead, accompany lead
leave	left	left	leave, leave leave, leave
lend	lent	lent	lend to lend (to lend)
let	let	let	allow, allow
lie	lay	lain	lie
light	lit	lit	ignite, glow illuminate
lose	lost	lost	to lose, be deprived lose
make	made	made	do, create make
mean	meant	meant	mean, mean mean
meet	met	met	meet, meet
pay	paid	paid	pay, pay pay off
put	put	put	put, place put
read	read	read	read, read
ride	rode	ridden	ride, ride
ring	rank	rung	call, call
rise	rose	rising	ascend, get up get up
run	ran	run	run, run
say	said	said	speak, say pronounce
see	saw	seen	see
seek	sought	sought	seek, look for
sell	sold	sold	sell, trade
send	sent	sent	send, send send
set	set	set	set, set assign
shake	shook	shaken	shake, shake
shine	shone	shone	shine, shine, illumine
shoot	shot	shot	fire
show	showed	shown/showed	show
shut	shut	shut	close, lock shut
sing	sang	sung	sing, hum
sink	sank	sunk	sink, submerge
sit	sat	sat	sit, sit down
sleep	slept	slept	sleep
speak	spoke	spoken	speak, talk speak out
spend	spent	spent	spend, spend spend time)
stand	stood	stood	stand
steal	stole	stolen	steal, steal
stick	stuck	stuck	stick
strike	struck	struck/stricken	hit, hit hit
wear	swore	sworn	swear, swear
sweep	swept	swept	revenge/sweep brush away
swim	swam	swum	swim/sail
swing	swung	swung	swing, spin
take	took	taken	take, grab, take
teach	taught	taught	teach, teach
tear	tore	torn	tear, rip off
tell	told	told	tell
think	thought	thought	think, think meditate
throw	threw	thrown	throw, throw throw
understand	understood	understood	understand, comprehend
wake	woke	woken	wake up, wake up
wear	wore	worn	wear clothes)
win	won	won	win, win
write	wrote	written	write, write down

memory game

We are talking about the analogy of the card "fool". Irregular verbs in English are written on the cards, each form is on a separate card. There are about 20 verbs in one deck, these are 60 cards. The players are dealt 6 cards. The one who has the initial form of the verb goes first. The next one must put the first or second form of this verb, or another verb in the initial form. For example: the first player makes a move with "go", the second must put "went" or "gone", or another verb in the initial form, for example, "come". Further - by analogy. There is also a joker - this is a verb in which all forms are the same, for example "hit-hit-hit". With the Joker, you can change the top card, that is, order the form of the verb that the owner of the Joker needs. If there are no suitable cards, then you need to take from the deck until you get one. The deck is sorted out to the end, and the one who has no cards left wins. The game is going "hooray"! Try it!

We hope that learning English irregular verbs will now be easier! And so that you have no doubts, we invite you to take a trial lesson! Don't be shy ;)

Big and friendly family EnglishDom

In the past tense, the verb after any pronoun goes in the same form - with the ending - ed - or completely changes its shape. In the first case, we are dealing with regular verbs with the ending - ed . In the second case, we are faced with irregular verbs.

They cannot be added - ED , because in the past tense, these verbs are completely inflected.

This is exactly what we are seeing with do. It's not in the past tense done (as it should be according to the rule), and did , because do is an irregular verb.

So how do you know if a verb is correct or not?

Here, a little "female" logic will help us: you just need to learn the table of irregular verbs and their translation. Those that are not on this list are correct. But the whole catch is that there are about 200 irregular verbs! And multiply this number by 3 (an irregular verb has 3 forms: one is the present tense, the second is the past tense, the third is the participle). However, the list of verbs necessary in everyday life is not so extensive - almost 2 times less. They need to be known first.

How to remember irregular verbs?

Repeat out loud 3 forms of each verb, so they are perfectly remembered - like a rhyme! Or print a book for accelerated memorization of irregular verbs ().

Table of irregular verbs with translations

Table. Irregular verbs with translation

present tense	Past tense	Participle	Translation
1.wake	awoke	awoken	wake up
2. be	were, were	been	be
3.beat	beat	beaten	beat
4. become	became	become	become
5. begin	started	begun	start off
6.bend	bent	bent	to bend, bend down
7 bite	bit	bitten	bite
8. blow	blew	blown	blow
9. break	broke	broken	break
10. bring	brought	brought	bring
11.broadcast	broadcast	broadcast	broadcast
12. build	built	built	build
13. burn	burned/burnt	burned/burnt	burn, burn
14.buy	bought	bought	buy
15. catch	caught	caught	catch
16.choose	chose	chosen	choose
17. come	came	come	come
18. cost	cost	cost	cost
19.cut	cut	cut	cut
20. dig	arc	arc	dig
21. do	did	done	do
22. draw	drew	drawn	1. draw 2. pull
23. dream	dreamed/dreamt	dreamed/dreamt	dream
24. drive	drove	driven	manage
25. drink	drank	drunk	drink
26. eat	ate	eaten	There is
27. fall	fell	fallen	fall
28. feel	felt	felt	feel
29. fight	fought	fought	fight
30. find	found	found	find
31. fly	flew	flown	fly
32.forget	forgot	forgotten	forget
33. forgive	forgave	forgiven	forgive
34. freeze	frozen	frozen	freeze
35. get	got	got	receive
36. give	gave	given	give
37. go	went	gone	go
38. grow	grew	grown	grow
39. hang	hung	hung	hang
40. have	had	had	to possess, to have
41. hear	heard	heard	hear
42. hide	hidden	hidden	hide
43. hit	hit	hit	strike
44. hold	held	held	hold
45. hurt	hurt	hurt	hurt
46. ​​keep	kept	kept	keep
47. know	knew	known	know
48. lay	laid	laid	put
49. lead	led	led	lead
50. learn	learned/learnt	learned/learnt	learn
51. leave	left	left	leave
52. lend	lent	lent	lend
53. let	let	let	let
54. lie	lay	lain	lie
55. lose	lost	lost	lose
56. make	made	made	do
57. mean	meant	meant	mean
58. meet	met	met	meet
59. pay	paid	paid	to pay
60. put	put	put	put
61. read	read	read	read
62. ride	rode	ridden	ride
63. ring	rank	rung	call
64. rise	rose	rising	get up
65. run	ran	run	run away
66. say	said	said	say
67. see	saw	seen	see
68. sell	sold	sold	sell
69. send	sent	sent	send
70. show	showed	showed/shown	show
71. shut	shut	shut	close
72. sing	sang	sung	sing
73. sit	sat	sat	sit
74. sleep	slept	slept	sleep
75. speak	spoke	spoken	talk
76.spend	spent	spent	spend
77. stand	stood	stood	stand
78. swim	swam	swum	swim
79. take	took	taken	take
80. teach	taught	taught	teach
81. tear	tore	torn	tear
82. tell	told	told	tell
83. think	thought	thought	think
84.throw	threw	thrown	throw
85. understand	understood	understood	understand
86. wake	woke	woken	wake up
87. wear	wore	worn	wear
88. win	won	won	win
89. write	wrote	written	write

Irregular verbs in English (Irregular Verbs) are verbs that form forms past simple(past simple tense) and Past Participle(past participles) in a special way, that is, they are exceptions to the general rule for the formation of these forms. Therefore, it is customary to memorize irregular verbs and their forms. The list of the most common irregular verbs contains about 200 verbs.

With the help of our service you can quickly find the irregular verb you need. All forms of irregular verbs have transcription and pronunciation. The infinitive, that is, the I form of the verb, has a translation into Russian.

There are also a number of verbs in English that can be either regular or irregular. In the service, such verbs are marked with an asterisk. * and contain additional information regarding their use in modern English.

Help on verb forms

I form of the verb- this is (Infinitive), that is, the indefinite form of the verb or the initial form. The infinitive in English corresponds to the Russian indefinite form of the verb, which answers the questions “What to do? What to do?": to read - to read. Particle to is a formal feature of the infinitive, but the infinitive can also be used without a particle to .

II form of the verb is a form (of the past simple tense). This form is used to form the past simple tense: read - read, read, read; bought - bought, bought, bought.

III form of the verb is a form (or Participle II, past participles). The English past participle corresponds to the Russian passive past participle: read - read, bought - bought. III form is also used to form the tenses of the Perfect group (perfect tenses) and to form

The verb is the king of the English language. Even the shortest sentence always contains a verb. Conversely, a verb can be used to make a sentence in one word, for example “ Stop!” (“Stop!”).

Verbs are sometimes called "action words". This is partly true. Many verbs convey the idea of ​​action, "doing" something - for example, " run” (to run), “ fight” (fight), “ do" (do), " work" (work).

But some verbs have the meaning not of action, but of existence, not of “doing”, but of “being”. These are verbs like " be" (be), " exist" (exist), " seem” (seem), “ belong” (to belong).

The subject is attached to the verb as a predicate. So, in the sentence Mary speaks English” (“Mary speaks English”) Mary- subject, and verb speaks- predicate.

Thus, we can say that verbs are words that explain what the subject is doing ( does) or what/what is ( is) and describe:

• action (" John plays football- "John plays football");
• state (" Ashley seems kind"Ashley seems kind."

Verbs in English have one feature. Most words of other parts of speech - , etc. - do not change (although nouns have singular and plural forms). But almost all verbs change in grammatical forms. For example, the verb " to work” (“work”) five forms:

• to work, work, works, worked, working

Note, however, that this is not much compared to languages ​​in which one verb can have 30 or more forms (for example, Hungarian) - if you started learning verbs in , you can breathe a sigh of relief.

100 main verbs in English

The following is a list of 100 basic English verbs. it will be useful to learn these most popular verbs of the English language first of all. The verbs in the table are given in descending order of frequency of use:

	Basic verb form	verb in past tense (Simple past)	Past participle (Past Participle)
	have (to have)
	do (do)
	say (to speak)
	get (receive)
	make (do)
	know (to know)
	think (think)
	take (take)
	see (see)
	come (come)
	want (want)
	use (use)
	find (find)
	give (give)
	tell (to tell)
	work (work)
	call (to call; call)
	try (try)
	ask (ask; ask)
	need (need)
	feel (feel)
	become (become)
	leave (leave)
	put (put; put)
	mean (mean)
	keep (keep)
	let (allow)
	begin (begin)
	seem (seem)
	help (help)
	show (show)
	hear (hear)
	play (play)
	run (run)
	move (move)
	believe (believe)
	bring (bring)
	happen (happen)
	write (write)
	sit (to sit)
	stand (stand)
	lose (lose)
	pay (pay)
	meet (meet)
	include (include)
	continue (continue)
	set (set)
	learn (teach)	learned / learned	learned / learned
	change (change)
	lead (lead)
	understand (understand)
	watch (watch)
	follow (follow)
	stop (stop)
	create (create)
	speak (to speak)
	spend (spend)
	grow (grow)
	open (open)
	win (win)
	teach (teach)
	offer (offer)
	remember (remember)
	appear (appear)
	buy (buy)
	serve (serve)
	die (to die)
	send (send)
	build (build)
	stay (stay)
	fall (fall)
	cut (cut)
	reach (reach)
	kill (kill)
	raise (raise)
	pass (pass)
	sell (sell)