Biography. Biography of Lina Kostenko See what "Lina Kostenko" is in other dictionaries

Ukrainian writer of the sixties, poetess.

Born in a family of teachers. In 1936, the family moved to Kyiv, where Lina graduated from high school No. 123. She studied at the Kiev Pedagogical Institute, the A. M. Gorky Literary Institute, which she graduated in 1956.

Lina Kostenko was one of the first and most notable young Ukrainian poets who appeared at the turn of the 1950s and 1960s.

The restriction of the freedom of creative thought, various "disgrace" during the stagnation led to the fact that for quite a long time the poems of L. Kostenko practically did not get into print. But it was in those years that the poetess, in spite of everything, worked hard, in addition to lyrical genres, on the novel in verse "Marusya Churai".

Books:"Over the Banks of the Eternal River" (1977), "Marusya Churai" (1979), "Uniqueness" (1980) have become outstanding phenomena of modern Ukrainian poetry.

Peru poetess also owns a collection of poems "The Garden of Unmelting Sculptures" (1987) and a collection of poems for children "The Elder King" (1987). Together with A. Dobrovolsky, the screenplay Check Your Watch (1963) was written.

In 2010, her first major prose work was published - the novel Notes of a Ukrainian Madman, the theme of which the publisher Ivan Malkovich defined as a Ukrainian view of world madness.

The works of Lina Kostenko have been translated into English, Belarusian, Estonian, Italian, Lithuanian, German, Russian (Book of Selected Poems, translated by Vasily Betaki, Paris, 1988), Slovak and French.

He rarely appears in public and leads a reclusive life. Today Lina Kostenko lives in Kyiv.

Kostenko Lina Vasilievna was born on March 19, 1930 in the village of Rzhishchev, Kyiv region. Ukrainian writer of the sixties, poetess, professor at the University of Rome La Sapienza.

Many consider her the conscience of the Ukrainian nation, which in the 60-70s. In the 20th century, she criticized the CPSU, in 2010 she openly criticized Yanukovych for his arrest, in 2014 she repeatedly went to the zone, inspiring the fighters of the National Guard and the Armed Forces of Ukraine. In 2015, she completed a fiction-historical novel about the "degradation of Russia" through the crossroads of Ukrainian destinies - erased, destroyed, reshuffled from the middle of the 18th and throughout the 19th centuries, from Catherine II to the collapse of the Russian empire and the tragedy of broken Ukrainian destinies"

The feat of Lina Kostenko.

This is not only a cult poet, author of Ukrainian literature, but also a well-known dissident and a key figure in the generation of Ukrainian sixties, who was not afraid, but the CPSU and the KGB were seriously afraid of her. Many people who know Kostenko personally describe her as a master of words, always ready to resist the authorities, capable of resisting law enforcement agencies and even special services when it was necessary to protect one of the poets and writers of Ukraine.

In 1963, the ideological department of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine decided to cool the ardor of the then fashionable brave and talented writers - human rights activists Ivan Dzyuba, Yevgeny Sverstiuk and Lina Kostenko. Their names were struck off the list of authors allowed for publication. Nevertheless, this did not give up on the poetess, and throughout all these years she worked, wrote works, but did not publish anywhere, waiting for better times. Kostenko was constantly under the supervision of the special services, however, the special services of the Soviet country did not go beyond simple observation, as well as some conversations with her.

In 1965, Lina Kostenko signed a letter of protection against the arrests of the Ukrainian intelligentsia. She was present at the trial of Osadchik and Zvarichevsky, which took place in. And in time, she threw flowers at their feet over the Gorin brothers. Together with I. Drach, she turned to the editors of the Zhovten magazine, as well as to many Lviv writers with a proposal to speak in defense of the arrested. Despite the fact that the writers still did not dare to protest, they still filed a petition to transfer Gorin on bail, as the youngest arrested person. Although these actions had no effect on the decision of the judges, they were of great moral importance both for the defendants and for the whole of Ukraine as a whole.

The modern Ukrainian writer Yuriy Andrukhovych best described the contribution that Lina Kostenko made to building an independent Ukraine: “It was she who instilled in hundreds of thousands an unshakable conviction that censorship is evil and a crime, and self-censorship is equal to suicide. It was she who taught not the most brave people to the fact that the words independence, dignity and freedom exist in the language for a reason.

Biography of Lina Kostenko.

1936 - moved to Kyiv;

From 1937 to 1941 she studied at a school located on Trukhanov. It was there that Lina lived;

1951-1956 - after graduating from school, she studied at the Kiev Pedagogical Institute, then at the Gorky Moscow Literary Institute;

1957 - a collection of poems by Lina Kostenko entitled "Ray of the Earth" is published;

1958 - a collection of poems "Wings";

1961 - collection "Journey of the Heart";

All three books written by Lina Kostenko aroused wide interest among readers and critics alike. After their release, the name of Kostenko began to be put on a par with the most famous Ukrainian writers of all time. Nevertheless, her books began to be criticized for being apathetic;

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Ukrainian writer of the sixties, poetess. Winner of the Shevchenko Prize (1987).

Born in a family of teachers. In 1936, the family moved from Rzhishchev to Kyiv, where Lina graduated from high school. She studies at the Kiev Pedagogical Institute, the Moscow Literary Institute named after O. M. Gorky, from which she graduated in 1956.

Lina Kostenko was one of the first and most notable young Ukrainian poets who appeared at the turn of the 1950s and 1960s. The period of the so-called "sixties" in history created the newest styles in Ukrainian literature, forced to create something new, atypical, something avant-garde, but, as always, ruthless and maximally critical in relation to the authorities and the then regime.

The collections of her poems "Rays of the Earth" (1957) and "Sails" (1958) aroused the interest of the reader and critics, and the book "Journeys of the Heart", published in 1961, not only consolidated the success, but also showed the real creative maturity of the poetess, put her name among the outstanding masters of Ukrainian poetry. These bold steps in the "creation of literature" became a green light for the "Cerberus" of the Soviet government. The craftswoman of the Ukrainian word felt and probably knew that for a very short time she would be able to write and publish freely.

The creative development of Lina Kostenko, a poetess of sharp thought and passionate temperament, was not without complicating moments. The restriction of the freedom of creative thought, various "disgrace" during the stagnation led to the fact that for quite a long time the poems of L. Kostenko practically did not get into print. But it was precisely in those years that the poetess, in spite of everything, worked hard, in addition to lyrical genres, on her outstanding work so far - the novel in verse "Marusya Churai", for which in 1987 she was awarded the State Prize of the Ukrainian SSR named after T. G. Shevchenko .

Books by L. Kostenko "Over the Banks of the Eternal River" (1977), "Marusya Churai" (1979), "Uniqueness" (1980) became outstanding phenomena of modern Ukrainian poetry, phenomena that noticeably influence all its further development. At the way she looked at the problem of women, her eternal pains, no one ever dared to talk about the stereotype of opinions and traditions. “My love reached the sky, and Grisha walked with his feet on the ground” - deceit, cruelty of everyday life - all this sounded in “Marusya Churai”. Lina Kostenko is a great connoisseur of female nature, an indestructible warrior for the honor of a woman, a kind of knight in iron armor under which a sensitive, tender and beautiful woman is hiding. Sometimes for this she is called a feminist of the mid-twentieth century.

She became an honorary professor of the National University "Kyiv-Mohyla Academy".

He has many regalia: Honorary Professor of the National University "Kyiv-Mohyla Academy", Honorary Doctor of the Chernivtsi National University (2002); Laureate of the National Prize of Ukraine named after Taras Shevchenko (1987, for the novel Marusya Churai and the collection Uniqueness); laureate of the Petrarch Prize (Italy, 1994); Laureate of the International Literary and Art Prize. O. Teligi (2000). She was also awarded the Distinction of the President of Ukraine (1992) and the Order of Prince Yaroslav the Wise V degree in March 2000.

The poetess Lina Kostenko is our contemporary, as an artist she is "inscribed" in her time. Her work has become a non-everyday phenomenon of modern Ukrainian poetry, a phenomenon that, before our eyes, noticeably influences all its further development. Having absorbed the national ideals and the best features of the living folk language, ideological weight, figurative perfection, it raises Ukrainian literature to the level of the best examples of European artistic creativity. National problems, which have reached the highest degree of generalization in the poetry of Lina Kostenko, penetrate the reader's mind, causing active empathy.

He rarely appears in public and leads a reclusive life.

This is a person who is known and respected by the whole country, on whose work more than one generation of Ukrainians has grown up. It will be about Line Kostenko. As for me, Tymoshenko's choice can be considered both successful and failed at the same time.

Its success lies in the fact that millions of people from Western and Central Ukraine will definitely follow it, and its failure lies in the fact that it is no longer twenty, not forty, or even sixty.

Let's talk a little about the most famous Ukrainian writer of our time Line Kostenko.

Most closely associated with People: Yulia Timoshenko, Ivan Malkovich, Ivan Drach, Dmitry Pavlichko.

Biography

Lina Kostenko was born on March 19, 1930 in the city of Rzhishchev, Kyiv region. The parents of the future poetess were teachers. In 1936 the family moved to Kyiv, where Lina Kostenko She graduated from school on Kurenevka and, as a schoolgirl, began attending a literary studio at the Dnipro magazine, which was edited by Andrei Malyshko.

In the postwar years Lina Kostenko began attending a literary studio at the Union of Writers of Ukraine. In 1946 her first poems were published. Just after their release Lina Kostenko entered the Kyiv Pedagogical Institute named after Gorky (now the Pedagogical University named after Drahomanov), but left it and went to study at the Moscow Literary Institute named after Gorky.

In 1956 Lina Kostenko graduates from the institute, and next year the first book of her poetry "Prominnya zemli" is published. The second collection "Vitrila" was published in 1958, the collection "Mandrivka of the Heart" - in 1961.

creative way

In 1962, Lina Kostenko's collection "The Dawning Integral" was subjected to ideological censorship and never saw the light of day. The same fate befell her collection "Knyazha Gora" in 1972. Since then on a poetic word Lina Kostenko a ban was announced, her works were not published in separate editions, and even the author's name itself disappeared from the pages of periodicals. The poetess wrote "in a box".

Lina Kostenko did not belong to any dissident organizations, but when the arrests of the Ukrainian intelligentsia began in 1965, she signed letters of protest, and when Vyacheslav Chernovol and his friends were tried in Lvov, she was on trial.

In 1977 Lina Kostenko returned to poetry - her collection "Over the banks of the eternal river" was published, two years later - the novel in verse "Marusya Churai", in 1980 - the collection "Repetitiveness", in 1987 - the collection "Garden of non-melting sculptures". For the novel "Marusya Churai" and the collection "Nepovtornist" the poetess received the Shevchenko State Prize of Ukraine.

In 1989, the collection "Selected" was published. For the book "Inlays", published in Italian, Line Kostenko in 1994, the Francesco Petrarch Prize was awarded, with which the Consortium of Venetian Publishers recognizes the works of outstanding writers of our time.

In 1998 in Toronto, the World Congress of Ukrainians awarded Lina Kostenko the highest distinction - the medal of St. Vladimir. In 1999, a historical novel in verse "Berestechko" was written, and a lecture entitled "The Humanitarian Aura of the Nation, or the Defect of the Main Mirror" was published as a separate brochure.

In 2000 Lina Kostenko became the first laureate of the O. Teliha International Literary and Art Prize. Also among the awards are the Honorary Distinction of the President of Ukraine (1992) and the Order of Prince Yaroslav the Wise, V degree (2000).

Awards

Lina Kostenko - Honorary Doctor of Chernivtsi National University (2002); Laureate of the National Prize of Ukraine named after Taras Shevchenko (1987), for the novel "Marusya Churai" and the collection "Originality"); laureate of the Petrarch Prize (Italy, 1994); Laureate of the International Literary and Art Prize. O. Teligi (2000).

Also Lina Kostenko She was awarded the Order of the President of Ukraine (1992) and the Order of Prince Yaroslav the Wise, V degree (2000), but publicly refused the title of Hero of Ukraine: "I don't wear political jewelry." Artworks Lina Kostenko translated into English, Belarusian, Estonian, Italian, Lithuanian, German, Slovak and French.

Political future

And today, in her letter, Yulia Tymoshenko stated that a single party list in the upcoming parliamentary elections from the opposition should be headed by a person of the level of a poetess Lina Kostenko.

She wrote about this in her open letter, distributed by the press service of the Batkivshchyna. Tymoshenko appealed to all the leaders of the opposition parties with a request to finally unite for real, and not in slogans, and give a real battle to the ruling mafia in the parliamentary elections in 2012.

Tymoshenko believes that only unification into a single party list based on a neutral party and into a single list for nominating candidates in majoritarian districts can be really realistic.

Only in this case, in her opinion, will all opposition parties have a chance "to prevent the opposition struggle and win the fair battle" Ukraine against the mafia with a big advantage.

In her opinion, the general list of such a team should have been made public in advance for public discussion and invited to head this list of a highly moral and patriotic person of the level of Lina Kostenko.

Kostenko Lina Vasilievna is a Ukrainian poetess who belongs to the so-called generation of the sixties. She had to go through many trials. She went into a creative "recluse". By her nature, she could not get along even with the Ukrainian intelligentsia, whose basic values she always defended. But Lina Kostenko, whose work and life we will consider in this short essay, has always been very beloved among young people. Students, like many years ago, go to her lectures and rarely meet with her. And every time when some outstanding event happens in Ukraine, the poetess responds to it with a sharp, and sometimes sarcastic aphorism.

early years

Kostenko Lina Vasilievna was born in March, on the 19th of 1930, in the city of Rzhishchev, not far from Kyiv, in a family of teachers. Six years after her birth, the family moved to She lived on Trukhanov Island, which in those years was called "Kyiv Venice". During the Nazi occupation, it was burned down along with the village. She graduated from two universities - the Kyiv Pedagogical and Moscow Literary Institute - and in 1956 she entered adulthood. Already in those years, it was she, Lina Kostenko, who was unofficially called one of the most promising poetesses. A photo in the youth of our heroine shows her graceful figure, intelligent face and bold look.

"Sixties"

At first, the poetess's poems were favorably received by critics. But, starting in 1961, they began to accuse her of “apoliticality” and practically did not print, and criticism of the then authorities appeared in her work more and more. Poems by Lina Kostenko began to be published in other countries - in Poland, Czechoslovakia, and were also popular in "samizdat". When dissidents among the Ukrainian intelligentsia began to be arrested in 1965, they openly spoke out in defense of the persecuted in their characteristic outrageous manner. She wrote letters in defense of political prisoners, threw them flowers during the trial. Even then, young people gave her a standing ovation, despite the danger of such a manifestation of feelings. Although Kostenko Lina Vasilievna was not arrested herself and did not get interrogated, she simply ceased to be noticed in the Soviet press. Her name was not mentioned, and she herself was blacklisted. The woman worked mostly "on the table".

Creativity of the era of disgrace

Despite the fact that the proud Ukrainian poetess was gagged, it was during this period that she wrote her most famous works. First of all, these are the collections "Prince's Mountain" and "Over the Banks of the Eternal River", as well as the novel in verse "Marusya Churai", the poem "Berestechko" and "Thought of the Neazov Brothers", the play "Garden of Unmelting Sculptures". In her poems, even the earliest, there is a deep philosophical overtones. She easily overcomes established literary stereotypes. The collection "Over the Banks of the Eternal River" became a real poetic discovery. The main credo of Lina was the words of one of her heroes that he was not afraid of informers in the tavern, because he prefers to express everything to the king in person. She was so loved by readers that even Soviet officials were afraid to touch her.

Images and associations

In her works, Kostenko Lina Vasilievna turns her thoughts to traditional subjects. These are images of art, mythological characters, biographies of famous people. But at the same time, she gives all this a second and third meaning, argues with the present, draws interesting parallels, makes subtle ironic attacks. Critics argue that in this field the poetess has no equal in modern Ukrainian literature. Her poetic novel on the historical theme "Marusya Churai" had an amazing success. This is a literary interpretation of the famous story about unhappy love. A girl writing popular Ukrainian songs fell in love with a Cossack and then poisoned him for being unfaithful. But the main conflict of the novel is in the clash of maximalism and pragmatism, reckless faith and calculation, which many call "the ability to live." The main creative sign of Lina Kostenko is intellectualism.

Out to the people

In the era of perestroika, the works of the poetess not only began to be published - her merits were very highly appreciated. In 1987, it was Kostenko Lina Vasilievna who received the Shevchenko Prize. The photo you see above captures what the laureate looked like that year. She was awarded this award precisely for the novel "Marusya Churai". The poetess also received many other awards. This is the international award of Petrarch (1994), and the Order of Yaroslav the Wise (2000). But she refused the title of Hero of Ukraine, sarcastically arguing that she "does not wear jewelry." Many of her collections and dramatic works came out, which had not seen the light of day for many years. In 2010, her poem Berestechko was published, as well as the only prose novel, Notes of a Ukrainian Crazy Man, which caused a huge stir. Her collections of poems Hyacinth Sun and River Heraclitus enjoyed the greatest popularity.

Modern Lina Kostenko

Autobiography is not the genre that inspired the poetess. In all her eighty-odd years, she never bothered to write anything like that. But in 2012, on April 9, on the birthday of Charles Baudelaire, Ivan Dziuba presented a book about her life, “There are poets for eras.” The poetess continues to write poetry, trying to cover vast historical spaces, comprehend the paradoxes of culture and politics. She very keenly feels the disharmony of the world in which we all live, and expresses it in ironic aphorisms, with which she responds to topicality. “What is happening now,” the poetess philosophizes, “is a nightmare that humanity has dreamed about. Then it will be called history. And then add to the previous nightmares. "My ears bleed when I hear my people being abused."

Apocalyptic motifs arise from such feelings in her poetry. But in the end, the work of Lina Kostenko is not aimed at despair and hopelessness, but at the desire for perfection, humanity, the desire to reach out to the mind and dignity of fellow citizens. “And whoever says whatever to whom, but the evil will perish and the truth will win!” she is sure. At one of the press conferences, the poetess expressed her old dream. She would like not to write poetry with political overtones, but "to draw birds with a silver pencil on linen."