All kings of Georgia. Historical faces of Georgia. Kings of united Georgia

Five-cross flag of Georgia from 1350

Images of five crosses on the territory of Georgia were found in the ruins of the Nekre church (no later than the 6th century), on the facades of the churches of St. George in Bochorma (X-XI centuries.) and Chkhari (XIII-XIV centuries.); Dmanisi (XIV - XV centuries.), etc.
A fragment of the map of the Pizzigani brothers, on which Tiflis is marked with a five-cross flag. A white flag with a red St. George cross was supposedly used in the 5th century by the Georgian king Vakhtang Gorgasal. It is also believed that Queen Tamar used a flag with a dark red cross and a star in a white field.
On the map of the Pizzigani brothers in 1367, Tiflis is marked with the Jerusalem Cross (a large cross surrounded by four smaller crosses). Georgian historian D. Kldiashvili suggests that the Jerusalem cross was adopted during the reign.

Flag of the United Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti (1762 - 1801)

The first royal coat of arms of Georgia

The kings of the Bagratid dynasty, who reigned in Georgia from the 9th to the 19th centuries, were considered the direct heirs of the biblical king David. The coat of arms of Georgia during the time of the Bagratids depicted the harp and sling of King David, the legendary conqueror of Goliath, and the sackcloth (clothing made of coarse wool) of Christ, which, according to legend, was saved and brought to Georgia in ancient times, to the temple of the village of Mtskheta.
The first royal coat of arms of Georgia was discovered on the grave of Queen Tinatin (XVI century): the sackcloth of Christ was depicted in the shield, two lions served as shield holders. Around the shield were a crown, a scepter, a sword, a lyre, and scales. Later, the angels became the shield holders.
In general, such a coat of arms remained until the annexation of Georgia to Russia.

Banner of Kartli or Kartalinia (1490 - 1762)

Red banner, bear (?) and bull below, sword and scepter, sun above

Emblem of the United Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti (1762-1801)

Crown of George XII,
made of gold and adorned with 145 diamonds, 58 rubies, 24 emeralds and 16 amethysts. It is a hoop with eight arches. Earth, surmounted by a cross rests on top of a crown.

Attractions

Tbilisi. Metekhi Castle.

Castle-fortress of Anauri.

Mtskheta. Svetitskhoveli Cathedral.
On the site of the ancient temple, by order of the first Christian king of Georgia, Mirian III, a small church was built in the 330s - the first Christian church in Georgia. In the 5th century, when under Vakhtang I the Georgian church received autocephaly and Mtskheta became the residence of the partiarchs, a large temple in the form of a three-aisled basilica was erected on the site of this structure. In the 11th century, on the initiative of the Catholicos-Patriarch of Georgia, Melchizedek I, the temple was rebuilt into a cross-domed structure and it is in this form (with minor changes) that it has survived to this day.

States that existed on the territory of Georgia

Other states on the territory of Georgia

Georgia
საქართველო , Sakartvelo (Georgian), Georgia (lat.)
Section is under development

KINGDOM OF KATLIA, KARTLI,

historical region and state in Eastern Georgia, in the middle reaches of the river. Hens.

The kingdom of Kartli with its capital in Mtskheta arose in the last centuries BC. e.; in Greece and Rome it was known as Iberia. In the III century. as a result of a fierce struggle between the Roman Empire and Sasanian Iran for influence in the region, according to the Treaty of Nisibin (298), Rome received the right to bestow regalia on the Iberian kings, but imperial power on the territory of Georgia remained nominal.

Around 337, under King Mirian III, Georgia adopted Christianity. This event was associated with the name and activities of the Christian preacher - St. Nina. In the 5th century under the conditions of the decline of the Roman Empire in Kartli, the influence of Sasanian Iran gradually increased, the Kartli kings gradually turned into vassals of the Persian king, and the Persian governor, Pitiakhsh, settled in the new capital of Kartli, Tbilisi. Resistance to the Persians in the 2nd half of the 5th c. was headed by the Kartli king Vakhtang I, nicknamed Gorgasal ("Wolf's head"). In 502, Vakhtang I died, and Kartli, after the Iranians eliminated Vakhtang's heirs in 523, turned into a Persian governorship. In Tbilisi, a Sasanian official with the title of marzpan became the sovereign ruler, and Persian garrisons were stationed in the largest Kartli cities.

The Sassanids treated Christianity with great distrust, considering it an instrument of the Byzantine policy, which challenged Transcaucasia from Iran. Therefore, if in Lazika (Western Georgia), a vassal of the Eastern Roman Empire, the Christian religion spread with the approval and direct support of the authorities, then in Kartli the Persian authorities supported pre-Christian pagan cults. Despite the rather difficult conditions of Persian domination, Kartli continued to develop economically and culturally. A magnificent architectural monument of this era is the temple in Mtskheta (590-605).

At the end of the VI century. the Kartli nobility overthrew the Persian governors, and erismtavari (“ruler of the people”) became the head of state, whose power, unlike the hereditary king, was limited by local feudal lords (sepetsuls and eristavs). After the fall of Persian domination, Kartli fell into the orbit of Byzantine politics, and the Erismtavaris recognized themselves as vassals of the emperor (this dependence was nominal) and bore the Byzantine titles of curopalate, ipata, and patrician.

In the middle of the 7th century Arabs invaded Eastern Georgia. In Tbilisi, an Arab governor was planted - the emir, who was appointed by the caliph; the population of the country was heavily taxed. Subsequently, the Emir of Tbilisi turned his position into a hereditary one (Jafarid dynasty) and, with the support of part of the local nobility, achieved de facto independence from the Caliphate. The Arabs maintained their power in Kartli with great difficulty. In the north, they had to fight the Khazars, who were striving to break through the mountain passes into the Kura valley; for a short time (in the second quarter of the 8th century), they even captured Tbilisi.

In the 8th century In the context of the general decline of the Caliphate, independent principalities began to emerge on the territory of Georgia. Kakhetia emerged from Kartli, from which the Arabs were already completely expelled. Strong independent states arose in Georgia - the principality of Tao-Klarjeti and Abkhazia. Taoklardzhet rulers (Bagrationi or Bagrationov dynasty) sought to unite all Georgian lands under their rule: most of Kartli at the turn of the 10th-11th centuries. fell under their rule, and only the Tbilisi emirate until 1122 retained its independence.

In the Middle Ages, the country either united or broke up into separate principalities and kingdoms, which were subjected to invasions by Arabs, Mongols, and Persians. In the XI-XII centuries, the kings from the Bagrationi dynasty (David the Builder, George III, Tamara) restored independence, Georgia became the largest power in the region, experienced a cultural flourishing. In the XIII-XIV centuries, the invasion of the Mongol-Tatars, Timur caused great damage to the country.

At the beginning of the XV century. after the devastating raids of Timur and the collapse of the unified Georgian state, the kingdom of Kartli was again restored. Ruined by raids and weakened by political fragmentation, in the XVI century. it, like other Georgian lands, lost its independence and fell under the influence of the Ottoman Empire and Persia. The latter required the adoption of Islam by the rulers. In 1762, the Kakhetian king Erekle II united Kartli and Kakheti into a single kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti. In 1783, Heraclius concluded an agreement on patronage with Russia. In 1795, the Persian Shah Agha Mohammed Shah made a devastating raid, plundered and destroyed Tbilisi. The son of Heraclius George XII turned to Paul I with a request for acceptance into citizenship.

E. E. Davydov

Kings of Iberia
(All dates BC)

Farnavazid dynasty
	299 - 234
	234 - 159
	159 - 109
	109 - 90
Artashesid dynasty
	90 - 78
	78 - 63
	63 - 30
*Pharnavazid dynasty (secondary)*
	30-20
	20 BC e -1 n. e.
	1 - 35
	35 - 60
	60 - 75
	75 - 106
	106 - 116
	116-132
	-
	132 - 135
	135 - 185
	185 - 189
*The Arshakuniani or Arshakids of Iberia are a branch of the Arshakid dynasty.*
	189 - 216
	216 - 234
	234 - 249
	249 - 265
	265 - 284
Khosrovid dynasty
	284 - 361
	345 - 361
	361 - 378
	363-380
	380 - 398
	398 - 409
	409 - 411
	411 - 435
	435 - 447
	442 - 464
	464 - 502
	519 - 523
*The liquidation of the royal power in Georgia by the Persians, the appointment of marzpans*	*523*

Kartli erismtavarism

Nersianid or Guramid dynasty, reigned from 574 to 787
	568 - c. 595
	OK. 595 - 627
	627 - 637/642
	637/642 - 650
	650 - 684
	684 - 693
	693 - 748
	748 - 760
	760 - 780
	780 - 786
On the territory of Georgia, the principality of Tao-Klarjeti and the Tbilisi Emirate were formed.	8th century

Principality of Tao-Klarjeti (786 - 1008)

Bagrationi dynasty
	786 - 826
Arab domination	826 - 839
	839 - 876
	876 - 881
	881 - 891
	888 - 923
	923 - 937
	923/937 - 954
	954 - 958
	958 - 961
	961 - 994
	983 - 994
	994 - 1001
The lands of Tao-Klarjeti went to
	1001 - 1008

United Kingdom of Georgia

1008 - 1245

United Kingdom of Georgia (1008 - 1245)

Bagrationi dynasty
	1008-1014
	1014 - 1027
	1027 - 1072
	1072 - 1089
	1089 - 1125
	1154 - 1155
	1156 - 1177
	1184 - 1213
	1213 - 1222
	1222 - 1245
	1259 - 1270


	1298 and 1302 - 1308
	1299
	1311 - 1313
	1314 - 1329

United Kingdom of Georgia

1329 - 1490

Unification of Georgia (1329 - 1490)

Bagrationi dynasty
	1329 - 1346
	1346 - 1360
	1360 - 1393
	1393 - 1407
	1407 - 1412
	1412 - 1442
	1442 - 1446
	1446 - 1466
	1466 - 1478
	1478
	1478 - 1490
Three Kingdoms: Kartli,

Abkhaz Konstantin(1867-1923) - major general (since 1916). Nephew (son of sister) Ilya Chavchavadze. He graduated from the St. Petersburg military school. He was the leader of the nobility of the Tbilisi province. The last Georgian who was elected a member of the State Council. Since 1921, the chairman of the National Democratic Party. Head of the "Military Center". who prepared an armed uprising against Soviet power. In 1923 he was arrested and shot.

Bagrat I(826-876) After the death of Ashot, his middle son Bagrat, who was also a kurapalat, became the ruler of Tao-Klarjeti. He tried to preserve the unity of Tao-Klarjeti, but the struggle between the heirs of Ashot was already beginning. At this time, the situation in the Caliphate became more complicated. The Tbilisi emirs did not submit to the Caliph. To pacify the Emir of Tbilisi and strengthen his position in the Caucasus, the Caliph sent punitive expeditions several times. The side of the Arabs was taken by Bagrat, who, with the help of the Arabs, tried to strengthen his position. At the same time, his brother Guaram acted as the initiator of the struggle against the Arabs. During the reign of Bagrat, the churches of Shatberdi and Ishkhani were built.

Levan(1518-1574) - king of Kakheti.

Leon II(758-798). Leon II was the eristavi (ruler) of Abkhazia, a northwestern province of Georgia. In the second half of the 8th century, he took advantage of the weakening of Byzantium and, with the help of the Khazars (Leon's mother was the daughter of the Khazar Khagan), he extended his power to all of western Georgia and assumed the title of king. The capital of the kingdom was the city of Kutaisi. Leon divided the kingdom into territorial-administrative districts - eristavstvo.

K: Appeared in 1008 K: Disappeared in 1490

Georgian kingdom- a medieval Caucasian state that arose after the unification of most of Georgia by Bagrat III in 1008. During the period of its greatest prosperity, it was one of the great powers of the Middle East and the strongest state of the Christian East, covering the territory from the North Caucasus to Northern Iran, and to Western Armenia. However, first the Mongols, and later the eight devastating invasions of Timur Leng put an end to the power of Georgia and led to its disintegration.

History of the Kingdom of Georgia

In 1210, Zakaria Mkhargrdzeli proposed to the queen to make a trip to Iran. The campaign was especially successful: the cities of Marakd, Tavrezh (Tavriz), Miane, Zanjan and Qazvin were taken. The Georgian army reached Rom-Gur, located in the very heart of Iran, and returned to their homeland with rich booty.

The Georgian kingdom at its peak

During the reign of David IV Georgia turned into a powerful state. In addition to the Georgian territory proper, its borders also included Armenia and Shirvan. At the same time, the royal court took into account the situation that had developed in the Middle East, where Islamic culture dominated, and, in accordance with this, developed a political course for cultural coexistence among peoples. Georgia was a Christian country, it considered itself the successor of Byzantium, but Muslims in Georgia were not persecuted either. David IV respected the preachers of Islam, patronized Muslim merchants, was friends with Muslim poets and philosophers, so that in the "Christian kingdom" of David IV they lived no worse than in countries owned by Muslim sovereigns.

kings

Bagrat III - king (-);
George I - king (-);
Bagrat IV - king (-);
George II - king (-);
David IV the Builder - king (-);
Demeter I (Dmitry I) - king (-);
David V - king (-);
Demeter I (Dmitry I) - king ( -, secondarily);
George III - king (-);
Tamara I the Great - queen (-, co-ruler since 1177);
George IV Lasha - king (-);
Rusudan - queen (-).

Division of the kingdom (-1329 years)

Kings of Eastern Georgia

David VII Ulu - (-),
Demeter II the Self-Sacrifice - (1270-),
David VIII - (-),
Vakhtang III - (), ( - , secondary)
George V the Brilliant - (), ( - , secondarily), ( - , King of united Georgia),

Kings of Western Georgia

Eristavs of Western Georgia

Bagrat I - eristav (-),
Alexander - eristavi (1372-), king (1387-),
Konstantin - eristav (-),
Demetre - eristav (-),
Bagrat II - eristavi (-), king (1463-), (- as Bagrat VI king of united Georgia).

Unification of Georgia (1329-1490)

George V the Brilliant - (-),
Alexander I the Great - (1412-),

Literature

Vachnadze M., Guruli V., Bakhtadze M.// Library Gumer Despite Dunyasha's and nanny's dissuades, Princess Mary went out onto the porch. Dron, Dunyasha, the nurse, and Mikhail Ivanovich followed her. “They probably think that I am offering them bread so that they remain in their places, and I myself will leave, leaving them to the mercy of the French,” thought Princess Mary. - I will promise them a month in an apartment near Moscow; I am sure that Andre would have done even more in my place, ”she thought, approaching the crowd in the pasture near the barn at dusk.
The crowd, crowding together, began to stir, and hats were quickly taken off. Princess Mary, lowering her eyes and tangling her feet in her dress, went close to them. So many varied old and young eyes were fixed on her, and there were so many different faces, that Princess Mary did not see a single face and, feeling the need to suddenly talk to everyone, did not know what to do. But again, the realization that she was the representative of her father and brother gave her strength, and she boldly began her speech.
“I am very glad that you have come,” Princess Marya began, without raising her eyes and feeling how quickly and strongly her heart was beating. “Dronushka told me that the war ruined you. This is our common grief, and I will spare nothing to help you. I am going myself, because it is already dangerous here and the enemy is close ... because ... I give you everything, my friends, and I ask you to take everything, all our bread, so that you do not have a need. And if you were told that I am giving you bread so that you stay here, then this is not true. On the contrary, I ask you to leave with all your property to our suburban area, and there I take upon myself and promise you that you will not be in need. You will be given houses and bread. The princess stopped. Only sighs could be heard in the crowd.
“I am not doing this on my own,” the princess continued, “I am doing this in the name of my late father, who was a good master to you, and for my brother and his son.
She stopped again. No one interrupted her silence.
- Woe is our common, and we will divide everything in half. Everything that is mine is yours,” she said, looking around at the faces that stood before her.
All eyes looked at her with the same expression, the meaning of which she could not understand. Whether it was curiosity, devotion, gratitude, or fear and distrust, the expression on all faces was the same.
“Many are pleased with your grace, only we don’t have to take the master’s bread,” said a voice from behind.
- Yes, why? - said the princess.
No one answered, and Princess Mary, looking around the crowd, noticed that now all the eyes she met immediately dropped.
- Why don't you want to? she asked again.
Nobody answered.
Princess Marya felt heavy from this silence; she tried to catch someone's gaze.
- Why don't you speak? - the princess turned to the old old man, who, leaning on a stick, stood in front of her. Tell me if you think you need anything else. I'll do anything," she said, catching his eye. But he, as if angry at this, lowered his head completely and said:
- Why agree, we do not need bread.
- Well, should we quit everything? Do not agree. Disagree... There is no our consent. We pity you, but there is no our consent. Go on your own, alone…” was heard in the crowd from different directions. And again the same expression appeared on all the faces of this crowd, and now it was probably no longer an expression of curiosity and gratitude, but an expression of embittered determination.
“Yes, you didn’t understand, right,” said Princess Marya with a sad smile. Why don't you want to go? I promise to accommodate you, feed you. And here the enemy will ruin you ...
But her voice was drowned out by the voices of the crowd.
- There is no our consent, let them ruin! We do not take your bread, there is no our consent!
Princess Mary tried again to catch someone's gaze from the crowd, but not a single glance was directed at her; her eyes obviously avoided her. She felt strange and uncomfortable.
“Look, she taught me cleverly, follow her to the fortress!” Ruin the houses and into bondage and go. How! I'll give you bread! voices were heard in the crowd.
Princess Mary, lowering her head, left the circle and went into the house. Having repeated the order to Dron that there should be horses for departure tomorrow, she went to her room and was left alone with her thoughts.

For a long time that night Princess Marya sat at the open window in her room, listening to the sounds of peasants talking from the village, but she did not think about them. She felt that no matter how much she thought about them, she could not understand them. She kept thinking about one thing - about her grief, which now, after the break made by worries about the present, has already become past for her. She could now remember, she could cry and she could pray. As the sun went down, the wind died down. The night was calm and cool. At twelve o'clock the voices began to subside, a rooster crowed, the full moon began to emerge from behind the linden trees, a fresh, white dew mist rose, and silence reigned over the village and over the house.
One after another, she imagined pictures of the close past - illness and the last moments of her father. And with sad joy she now dwelled on these images, driving away from herself with horror only one last idea of his death, which - she felt - she was unable to contemplate even in her imagination at this quiet and mysterious hour of the night. And these pictures appeared to her with such clarity and in such detail that they seemed to her either reality, or the past, or the future.
Then she vividly imagined the moment when he had a stroke and he was dragged from the garden in the Bald Mountains by the arms and he muttered something in an impotent tongue, twitched his gray eyebrows and looked restlessly and timidly at her.
“He wanted to tell me even then what he told me on the day of his death,” she thought. “He always thought what he said to me.” And now she remembered with all the details that night in the Bald Mountains on the eve of the blow that happened to him, when Princess Mary, anticipating trouble, stayed with him against his will. She did not sleep and went downstairs on tiptoe at night and, going to the door to the flower room, where her father spent the night that night, she listened to his voice. He was saying something to Tikhon in an exhausted, tired voice. He seemed to want to talk. "Why didn't he call me? Why didn't he allow me to be here in Tikhon's place? thought then and now Princess Marya. - He will never tell anyone now all that was in his soul. This moment will never return for him and for me when he would say everything that he wanted to express, and I, and not Tikhon, would listen and understand him. Why didn't I come into the room then? she thought. “Perhaps he would have told me then what he said on the day of his death. Even then, in a conversation with Tikhon, he asked twice about me. He wanted to see me, and I was standing there, outside the door. He was sad, it was hard to talk with Tikhon, who did not understand him. I remember how he spoke to him about Liza, as if alive - he forgot that she was dead, and Tikhon reminded him that she was no longer there, and he shouted: "Fool." It was hard for him. I heard from behind the door how, groaning, he lay down on the bed and shouted loudly: “My God! Why didn’t I go up then? What would he do to me? What would I lose? Or maybe then he would have consoled himself, he would have said this word to me. And Princess Marya uttered aloud that affectionate word that he had spoken to her on the day of his death. “Dude she nka! - Princess Marya repeated this word and sobbed tears that relieved her soul. She saw his face in front of her now. And not the face she had known since she could remember, and which she had always seen from afar; and that face - timid and weak, which on the last day, bending down to his mouth in order to hear what he was saying, for the first time examined closely with all its wrinkles and details.
"Darling," she repeated.
What was he thinking when he said that word? What does he think now? - suddenly a question came to her, and in response to this she saw him in front of her with the expression on his face that he had in the coffin on his face tied with a white handkerchief. And the horror that seized her when she touched him and became convinced that it was not only not him, but something mysterious and repulsive, seized her even now. She wanted to think about something else, she wanted to pray, and there was nothing she could do. She gazed with large open eyes at the moonlight and the shadows, every second she expected to see his dead face, and she felt that the silence that stood over the house and in the house chained her.
- Dunyasha! she whispered. - Dunyasha! she cried in a wild voice and, breaking out of the silence, ran to the girls' room, towards the nanny and girls running towards her.

On August 17, Rostov and Ilyin, accompanied by Lavrushka and the escort hussar, who had just returned from captivity, went riding from their Yankovo camp, fifteen miles from Bogucharov, to try a new horse bought by Ilyin and find out if there is hay in the villages.

Five-cross flag of Georgia from 1350

Flag of the United Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti (1762 - 1801)

The first royal coat of arms of Georgia

Banner of Kartli or Kartalinia (1490 - 1762)

Red banner, bear (?) and bull below, sword and scepter, sun above

Emblem of the United Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti (1762-1801)

Crown of George XII,
made of gold and adorned with 145 diamonds, 58 rubies, 24 emeralds and 16 amethysts. It is a hoop with eight arches. The globe topped with a cross rests on top of the crown.

Attractions

Tbilisi. Metekhi Castle.

Castle-fortress of Anauri.

States that existed on the territory of Georgia

Other states on the territory of Georgia

Georgia
საქართველო , Sakartvelo (Georgian), Georgia (lat.)
Section is under development

KINGDOM OF KATLIA, KARTLI,

historical region and state in Eastern Georgia, in the middle reaches of the river. Hens.

E. E. Davydov

Kings of Iberia
(All dates BC)

Farnavazid dynasty
	299 - 234
	234 - 159
	159 - 109
	109 - 90
Artashesid dynasty
	90 - 78
	78 - 63
	63 - 30
*Pharnavazid dynasty (secondary)*
	30-20
	20 BC e -1 n. e.
	1 - 35
	35 - 60
	60 - 75
	75 - 106
	106 - 116
	116-132
	-
	132 - 135
	135 - 185
	185 - 189
*The Arshakuniani or Arshakids of Iberia are a branch of the Arshakid dynasty.*
	189 - 216
	216 - 234
	234 - 249
	249 - 265
	265 - 284
Khosrovid dynasty
	284 - 361
	345 - 361
	361 - 378
	363-380
	380 - 398
	398 - 409
	409 - 411
	411 - 435
	435 - 447
	442 - 464
	464 - 502
	519 - 523
*The liquidation of the royal power in Georgia by the Persians, the appointment of marzpans*	*523*

Kartli erismtavarism

Nersianid or Guramid dynasty, reigned from 574 to 787
	568 - c. 595
	OK. 595 - 627
	627 - 637/642
	637/642 - 650
	650 - 684
	684 - 693
	693 - 748
	748 - 760
	760 - 780
	780 - 786
On the territory of Georgia, the principality of Tao-Klarjeti and the Tbilisi Emirate were formed.	8th century

Principality of Tao-Klarjeti (786 - 1008)

Bagrationi dynasty
	786 - 826
Arab domination	826 - 839
	839 - 876
	876 - 881
	881 - 891
	888 - 923
	923 - 937
	923/937 - 954
	954 - 958
	958 - 961
	961 - 994
	983 - 994
	994 - 1001
The lands of Tao-Klarjeti went to
	1001 - 1008

United Kingdom of Georgia

1008 - 1245

United Kingdom of Georgia (1008 - 1245)

Bagrationi dynasty
	1008-1014
	1014 - 1027
	1027 - 1072
	1072 - 1089
	1089 - 1125
	1154 - 1155
	1156 - 1177
	1184 - 1213
	1213 - 1222
	1222 - 1245
	1259 - 1270


	1298 and 1302 - 1308
	1299
	1311 - 1313
	1314 - 1329

United Kingdom of Georgia

1329 - 1490

Unification of Georgia (1329 - 1490)

Bagrationi dynasty
	1329 - 1346
	1346 - 1360
	1360 - 1393
	1393 - 1407
	1407 - 1412
	1412 - 1442
	1442 - 1446
	1446 - 1466
	1466 - 1478
	1478
	1478 - 1490
Three Kingdoms: Kartli,

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