Compound and complex sentences - how to define, examples. Complex sentences with two or more subordinate clauses Compound sentences with different types of connection
1. Complex sentences(SPP) are sentences that have a main clause and one or more subordinate clauses. Subordinate clauses are subordinate to the main clause and answer the questions of the members of the sentence.
before the main sentence:
Since Nonna refused Andrei, the old man was officially dry with Nonna.(Panova).
(Since), .
Adventitious adjectives can stand after main clause:
what leads through the grove(Goncharov).
, (what)
Adverbial clauses can stand in the middle of the main sentence:
And in the evening, when all cats are gray, the prince went to breathe clean air(Leskov).
[ , (when), ]
2. Adverbial clauses can refer to one word in the main or to the whole main offer.
To one word The main clause includes the following types of subordinate clauses:
- subordinate subjects;
- predicates (according to another classification, subject and predicate clauses are classified as pronoun-defining clauses);
- defining;
- additional (according to another classification - explanatory);
- mode of action and extent.
To the whole main offer usually include the following types of subordinate clauses:
- subordinate places, times, causes, consequences, comparisons, goals, conditions, concessions (that is, adverbial types of subordinate clauses, except for the subordinate modes of action and degree).
Adverbial clauses, except for the mode and degree clauses, as a rule, refer to the entire main clause, but the question to them is usually asked from the predicate.
The typology of subordinate clauses is given according to the textbook: Babaitseva V.V., Chesnokova L.D. Russian language: Theory. 5-9 cells: Proc. for general education institutions.
3. The means of communication between the subordinate and main clauses are:
- in a subordinate clause- subordinating conjunctions ( what, to, for, bye, when, how, if etc.) or allied words ( which, which, who, what, how, where, where, from where, when and etc.);
- in the main sentence- pointing words ( that, such, there, there, because, because etc.).
Unions and allied words are the main means of communication in a complex sentence.
Indicative words in the main clause may or may not be.
Conjunctions and allied words usually stand at the beginning of a subordinate clause and serve as an indicator of the boundary between the main and the subordinate clause.
Exception makes up the particle union li, which is in the middle of the subordinate clause. Pay attention to this!
Distinguishing unions and allied words
| Unions | allied words |
|---|---|
| 1. They are not members of the proposal, for example: He said his sister won't be back for dinner(which is a union, is not a member of the proposal). |
1. They are members of a subordinate clause, for example: She kept her eyes on the road what leads through the grove(the allied word that is the subject). |
| 2. Often (but not always!) the union can be removed from the subordinate clause, cf .: He said that his sister would not be back for dinner. - He said: sister will not be back for dinner. |
2. Since the allied word is a member of the subordinate clause, it cannot be removed without changing the meaning, for example: She kept her eyes on the road what leads through the grove; impossible: She did not take her eyes off the road, leads through the grove. |
| 3. The union cannot be logically stressed. | 3. A logical stress may fall on the allied word, for example: I know what he will do tomorrow. |
| 4. After the union, you cannot put particles of the same, namely. | 4. After the allied word, you can put particles of the same, namely, cf .: I know what he will do tomorrow; I know exactly what he will do tomorrow. |
| 5. The conjunction cannot be replaced by a demonstrative pronoun or a pronominal adverb. | 5. The allied word can be replaced by a demonstrative pronoun or a pronominal adverb, cf.: I know what he will do tomorrow. - I know: he will do it tomorrow; I know where he was yesterday. - I know he was there yesterday. |
Note!
1) What, how, when can be both unions and allied words. Therefore, when parsing complex sentences with these words, one must be especially careful. In addition to the above methods of distinguishing unions and allied words, the following should be taken into account.
When is union in adventitious time ( My father passed away when I was sixteen. Leskov) and in the subordinate condition ( When you need the devil, then go to hell! Gogol).
When is allied word in a subordinate clause ( I know, when he will return) and in the attributive clause ( That day, when ; when in the attributive clause it is possible to replace the main allied word for this clause which, cf .: That day, in which we met for the first time, I will never forget).
How is union in all adverbial clauses, except for the clauses of the mode of action and degree (cf .: Serve me as you served him(Pushkin) - comparative clause; As the soul is black, so you can't wash it off with soap(proverb) - subordinate clause; can be replaced: if the soul is black. - Do it like this how you were taught- subordinate mode of action and degree).
Pay special attention to the additional clauses: in them, how and what can be both unions and allied words.
Wed: He said he'd be back for dinner (what- union). - I know, what he will do tomorrow (what- union word); I heard a child crying behind the wall (how- union). - I know, how she loves her son (how- union word).
In the subordinate clause, the union how can be replaced by the union what, cf .: I heard a child crying behind the wall. - I heard a child crying behind the wall.
2) What is union in two cases:
a) as part of a double union than ... so:
b) in subordinate clauses of such complex sentences that have an adjective, an adverb in a comparative degree or words in the main part different, other, different.
He turned out to be more enduring than we thought; Than counting gossips to work, is it not better to turn on yourself, godfather(Krylov).
3) Where, where, from where, who, why, why, how much, which, which, whose are allied words and cannot be unions.
I know where he hides; I know where he will go; I know who did it; I know why he did it; I know why he said it; I know how long it took him to renovate the apartment; I know what our holiday will be like; I know whose briefcase it is.
When parsing a subordinate clause as a simple one, the following mistake is very often made: the meaning of the subordinate clause is transferred to the meaning of the allied word. To avoid such a mistake, try to replace the allied word with the corresponding demonstrative word and determine which member of the sentence this word is.
Wed: I know where he is hiding. - There he hides.
allied words which, what, whose in the attributive clause can be replaced by the noun to which this clause refers.
Wed: Tell me the story that mother loved(Hermann). - Mom loved fairy tales; Stuart Yakovlevich is such a steward as there is not in the world. - Such a steward and not in the world.
The reverse error is also possible: the meaning of the allied word is transferred to the meaning of the subordinate. In order not to be mistaken, put the question from the main clause to the subordinate clause.
I know(what?), when he will return; I know(what?), where he was- accessory clauses; He returned to the city(which city?) where spent his youth; That day(what day?) when we met, I will never forget- adjectives.
In addition, in the attributive clause allied words where, where, where, when can be replaced by the allied word which.
Wed: He returned to the city where spent his youth. He returned to the city wherein spent his youth That day, when we met, I will not forget. - That day, in which we met, I will not forget.
4. Demonstratives are found in the main clause and usually answer the same questions, have the same syntactic meaning as the subordinate clauses. The main function of demonstrative words is to be a harbinger of a subordinate clause. Therefore, in most cases, the demonstrative word can tell you what type the subordinate clause belongs to:
He returned to that city, where spent my youth (that- definition; adverbial attributive); He stayed so to prove my innocence (so- purpose circumstance; adverbial purpose); Read so that nobody saw the note (So- circumstance of the mode of action, measure and degree; adverbial modus operandi and degree).
Way of expressing pointer words
| Discharge | Word list | Examples |
|---|---|---|
| 1. Demonstrative pronouns and pronominal adverbs | That, this, such, there, there, from there, then, so, so much, so much, because, because and etc. | So this is the gift that he promised to give her in ten years.(Paustovsky). Read it so no one sees(Leskov). There is no greatness where there is no simplicity, goodness and truth(L. Tolstoy). |
| 2. Definitive pronouns and pronominal adverbs | All, all, each, everyone, everywhere, everywhere, always and etc. | The whole day that we spent in Zagorsk, I remember every minute(Fedoseev). Everywhere we've been, we see traces of desolation(Soloukhin). |
| 3. Negative pronouns and pronominal adverbs | Nobody, nothing, nowhere, never and etc. | I don't know anyone who could replace the old count(Leskov). |
| 4. Indefinite pronouns and pronominal adverbs | Someone, something, somewhere, sometime and etc. | For some reason we didn't know about, everyone in the house spoke in whispers and walked almost inaudibly.(Leskov). |
| 5. Nouns and whole combinations of nouns with demonstrative pronouns | On the condition (what, if, when), at the time (when, how), in the event (when, if), for the reason (that), for the purpose (to), to the extent (that) | And this succeeds if he himself treats words indifferently and unusually(Marshak). I decided to dine alone for the reason that lunch fell on Butler's watch(Greene). |
Complex sentences- These are sentences consisting of several simple ones.
The main means of connecting simple sentences in complex ones are intonation, conjunctions (coordinating and subordinating) and allied words (relative pronouns and pronominal adverbs).
Depending on the means of communication, complex sentences are divided into allied and unionless. Allied proposals are subdivided into compound and complex subordinate.
Compound sentences (SSP) are complex sentences in which simple sentences are connected to each other by intonation and coordinating conjunctions.
Types of compound sentences by the nature of the union and meaning
| SSP type | Unions | Examples |
|---|---|---|
| 1. connecting unions(connective relationship). | AND; Yes(in meaning and); no no; yes and; too; also; not only but. |
They opened the door, and air from the yard flowed into the kitchen.(Paustovsky). |
| 2. Compound sentences with opposing alliances(opposite relationship). | BUT; but; Yes(in meaning but); but(in meaning but); but; but; and then; not that; not that; a particle(in the meaning of union a); particle only(in the meaning of union but). |
Ivan Petrovich left, but I stayed(Leskov). |
| 3. Compound sentences with divisive unions(separating relations). | Or; or; not that ..., not that; then ... then; whether... or. |
Either eat the fish or run aground(proverb). |
Note!
1) Coordinating conjunctions can connect not only parts of a compound sentence, but also homogeneous members. Their distinction is especially important for punctuation marks. Therefore, when parsing, be sure to highlight the grammatical foundations in order to determine the type of sentence (simple with homogeneous members or a compound sentence).
Wed: From the smoky hole a man walked and carried a large sturgeon(Peskov) - a simple sentence with homogeneous predicates; I’ll give money for the road, and you can call a helicopter(Peskov) - a compound sentence.
2) Coordinating conjunctions usually take place at the beginning of the second part (the second simple sentence).
In some places, the Danube serves as a border, but it serves as a road people to each other(Peskov).
The exceptions are unions, too, also, particles-unions are the same, only. They necessarily take or can take place in the middle of the second part (the second simple sentence).
My sister and I were crying, my mother was also crying.(Aksakov); His comrades treated him with hostility, while the soldiers truly loved him.(Kuprin).
Therefore, when parsing such complex sentences, they are often confused with non-union complex sentences.
3) The double union not only ..., but also expresses gradation relations and is referred to as connecting unions in school textbooks. Very often, when parsing, only its second part is taken into account ( but also) and are mistakenly referred to as adversarial unions. In order not to be mistaken, try replacing this double union with the union and.
Wed: The language should not only understandable or vulgar but also the language must be good (L. Tolstoy). - Language should be understandable or vernacular, and language must be good.
4) Compound sentences vary greatly in meaning. Quite often they are close in meaning to complex sentences.
Wed: You leave - and it becomes dark(Schefner). - If you leave, it will become dark; I didn't eat anything, but I didn't feel hungry.(Tendryakov). - Although I didn't eat anything, I didn't feel hungry.
However, when parsing, it is not this particular meaning that is taken into account, but the meaning determined by the type of the coordinating union (connective, adversative, divisive).
Notes. In some textbooks and manuals, compound sentences include complex sentences with explanatory conjunctions. that is, namely, for example: The board authorized him to speed up the work, that is, in other words, he authorized himself to this(Kuprin); The flights of birds have developed as an adaptive instinctive act, namely: it gives the birds opportunity to avoid adverse winter conditions(Peskov). Other researchers attribute them to complex sentences or distinguish them as an independent type of complex sentences. Some researchers of sentences with particles only refer to non-union sentences.
How to quickly and easily determine whether a complex or complex sentence? and got the best answer
Answer from Vadim[active]
For unions:
If the unions "a, but, and, or, yes (in the meaning of and)", etc., are composed.
And if the unions are "Which, because", etc., AND YOU CAN ALSO ask questions from the dependent sentence to the main one, then this is a subordinate sentence
It began to rain and a thunderstorm began - composed
It began to rain, because of which a thunderstorm began - subordinate (Why did the thunderstorm begin? Because it started to rain
Answer from Natasha Prokhorova[newbie]
In a compound sentence, the parts are equal in meaning, which means that by removing the union, we can make them simple sentences, without distorting the meaning.
Answer from Yatiana Kazakova[guru]
In a compound sentence, the parts are equal in meaning, which means that by removing the union, we can make them simple sentences, without distorting the meaning. In a complex sentence, the parts depend on one another. And if one of them can be an independent proposal, then the other - never! In addition, you need to know that in compound sentences, coordinating unions serve to connect parts, and in complex sentences, respectively, subordinating ones.
Answer from Speedy88[guru]
very simple, by unions:
in compound - and, but, but
in complex subordinates - what, when, if, which, etc.
you can on questions, in compound ones one depends on the other
Answer from Marylave[newbie]
Compound - when two parts of a sentence are not related to each other. Complicated - when there is some kind of connection between them, and usually they are united by some union: which, because, etc.
Answer from Arini-k[guru]
According to the used unions and allied words.
See if you can ask a question from one simple sentence to another. If yes, then complex
Answer from Ludmila[guru]
Look at the means of communication! In SSP - coordinating conjunctions, and in SPP - subordinating conjunctions and allied words.
Answer from Fist Man[active]
Yyyyy
Answer from Elena Khrenova[newbie]
very simple
Answer from Nurzhan Yergaliev[newbie]
To determine the SPP for successful language acquisition, it is enough to spend half an hour, which is available to everyone
Answer from 3 answers[guru]
Reading 6 min. Views 821 Published on 05/15/2018
Today we will look into the issue of defining complex and compound sentences in German, analyze the rules for their formation and examples illustrating them.
Complex sentences (prepositions) in German and Russian are connected by a number of analogies and therefore, in general, are not particularly difficult to understand.
Suggestion of this type (das Satzgefüge) are a grammatical structure, which includes the main preposition. (der Hauptsatz) and, as a rule, one or - more rarely - several subordinate clauses (adj.) (der Nebensatz).
Main suggestion. always has an independent, independent character, while adv. always subordinate to the master. This subordinating relationship can be expressed either by subordinating conjunctions connecting the main clauses. with subordinate or allied words - relative pronouns and adverbs.
If unions perform exclusively service (connective) functions, then adverbs and pronouns, in addition to providing a link between adj. and main sentences, at the same time they are also members of these adj. offers.
For example:
- Katharina war begeistert, dass sie so schnell alles besorgt hat. Katarina was delighted that she acquired everything so quickly. (Here the conjunction dass has a purely conjunctive function.)
- Klaus wollte wissen, wer sein Boot gestohlen hat. Klaus wanted to know who stole his boat. (Here the allied word wer - who acts as the subject of the subordinate clause and connects the main clause with the adjective).
- Otto wusste genau, wann seine Verwandten ankommen. Otto knew exactly when his relatives would arrive. (Here, the relative pronoun wann - the union word - acts as a circumstance in the adjective and at the same time combines both sentences into a single whole).
Adj. suggestion can determine or supplement one of the members of the main clause. or the whole main sentence as a whole.
For example:
- Es ist noch nicht endgültig entschieden, wann wir umziehen.- It has not yet been finally decided (what?) when we move (additional adj.).
- Aus den alten Flaschen, die üblicherweise weggeschmissen werden, hat er eine schöne Figur gebastelt.- From old bottles (what?), which are usually thrown away, he made a beautiful figure (adjective attributive to the noun Flaschen).
Main suggestions are independent independent prepositions. with a characteristic of the usual simple preposition. word order - direct (with the subject in the first place) or reverse (with the subject after the predicate and the addition or circumstance in the first place).
In adj. suggestion word order has a number of distinctive features: the first place in the subordinate clause is occupied by allied words or conjunctions, and the last place remains with the predicate.
Moreover, in cases with compound predicates, the penultimate place is occupied by the nominal part or the invariable verbal part, and the last by the auxiliary verb in the personal form, for example:
- Helga erzählte den Touristen, was sie in erster Line besichtigen werden. Helga told the tourists what they would visit first. (Here the first sentence is the main thing with a direct word order; the second is an additional adjective, attached to the main one with the help of the allied word was, which takes the first place in this subordinate clause and is an addition. The predicate in the adjective goes to the very end, and its invariable part occupies the penultimate part, and the variable part occupies the last place).
- Horst bestätigte, dass er diesen Abend zu Hause verbracht hat. Horst confirmed that he spent the evening at home. (In this example, the situation is similar to the previous case considered, with the only difference that the parts of the complex sentence are connected by the subordinating conjunction dass, which performs a purely auxiliary function and does not act as a member of the sentence).
If in adj. suggestion appears a verb with a separable prefix, then the separation of this prefix from the verb does not occur, for example:
- Der Projektleiter hat erklärt, dass die weiteren Sozialanlagen direkt auf der Baustelle zusammengebaut werden. - The project manager said that the subsequent change houses will be assembled directly at the construction site.
Note! From the examples above, it can be seen that allied words (or unions) form in the adj. suggestion a special frame structure within which all the other members of this proposal are located.
In cases where the allied words perform the functions of the subject in the subordinate clause, the subject is followed by all other members of the subordinate clause. in the usual adj. suggestion (see above) order, forming a frame structure. If the allied word is an object, then after it, as a rule, follows the subject adj. suggestions.
For example:
- Die Tomaten, die in diesem Jahr so schlecht wachsen, hat seine Mutter gepflanzt. - Tomatoes (what?), which grow so poorly this year, were planted by his mother (the allied word die acts as a subject in this subordinate clause).
- Die Tomaten, die seine Mutter in diem Jahr gepflanzt hat, wachsen sehr langsam. The tomatoes that his mother planted this year grow very slowly. (Die Tomaten - the subject of the main clause, the definition of which is the definitive adjective, form the first place in the main clause; wachsen - the simple verbal predicate of the main clause - takes the second place in the main clause.
Note! Word order in italic adj. definitive - a characteristic frame construction with the allied word die in the role of an object in the first place, the subject following it, the adverb of time and a simple verbal predicate at the end of the frame).
Another feature of complex subordinate sentences. is the frequent presence of the so-called correlate in the main clause, which correlates with the conjunction of the dependent clause. Correlates are a definite indication that what follows is adj. preposition, and strengthen its connection with the main.
For example:
- Sein Arzt fragte ihn danach, ob er irgendwelche Schmerzen im Rücken hatte. His doctor asked him if he had any back pain.
- Dein Bruder kann erst dann angestellt werden, wenn er mit seiner wissenschaftlichen Arbeit fertig ist. “Your brother can only be accepted into the staff when he completes his scientific work.
The purpose of this article was not to consider all the numerous types of German complex sentences
Here it was important to consider general information about the prev. of this type and their main features: the non-independent nature of the subordinate clauses, the presence of characteristic frame structures with their inherent peculiar word order, as well as the functions and role in adj. suggestion conjunctions and allied words.
Complex sentences with two or more subordinate clauses there are two main types: 1) all subordinate clauses are attached directly to the main clause; 2) the first clause is attached to the main clause, the second - to the first clause, etc.
I. Clauses that are attached directly to the main clause can be homogeneous and heterogeneous.
1. Homogeneous adventitious, like homogeneous members, have the same meaning, answer the same question and depend on one word in the main clause. Between themselves, homogeneous subordinate clauses can be connected by coordinating unions or union-free (only with the help of intonation). For example:
1) [But sad to think], (which is in vain was us youth is given), (what changed her all the time), (that deceived us she is)... (A. Pushkin)- [verb], (conjunction what),(union what),(union what)...
2) [Dersu said], (what it's not clouds, it's fog) and what tomorrow it will be a sunny day and even hot) (V. Arseniev).[vb], (what) and (what).
The connection of homogeneous clauses with the main clause is called uniform subordination.
It should be borne in mind that with homogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses, it is possible to skip the union or allied in the second (third) clause, for example:
(Where is the cheerful sickle walked) and ( fell ear), [now everything is empty] (F. Tyutchev).(where) and ("), ["].
2. Heterogeneous clauses have different meanings, answer different questions, or depend on different words in the sentence. For example:
(If I have one hundred lives), [ they would not satisfy all the thirst for knowledge], ( which burns me) (V. Bryusov)- (conjunction if),[n.], (s. word which).
The connection of heterogeneous clauses with the main clause is called parallel submission.
II. The second type of complex sentences with two or more subordinate clauses includes those in which the clauses form a chain: the first clause refers to the main clause (subordinate clause of the 1st degree), the second clause refers to the clause of the 1st degree (subordinate clause of the 2nd degree) etc. For example:
[She was horrified"], (when found out), (that the letter was father) (F. Dostoevsky)- , (With. when verb), (p. what).
Such a connection is called consistent submission.
With sequential subordination, one subordinate clause can be inside another; in this case, two subordinating unions may be nearby: what and if anything and when what and because etc. (for punctuation marks at the junction of conjunctions, see the section “Punctuation marks in a complex sentence with two or more subordinate clauses”). For example:
[The water collapsed so scary], (what, (when the soldiers fled below), after them already flew raging streams) (M. Bulgakov).
[uk.sl. so + adv.], (what, (when),").
In complex sentences with three or more subordinate clauses, there may be more complex combinations of subordinate clauses, for example:
(Who in young age not tied yourself with strong ties with an external and beautiful cause, or at least with simple, but honest and useful work), [ he can count his youth without a trace lost], (as if fun she is neither passed) and how much would happy memories she is neither left).
(who), [pronoun.], (however), (however). (A complex sentence with three subordinate clauses, with parallel and homogeneous subordination).
Syntactic analysis of a complex sentence with several subordinate clauses
Scheme for parsing a complex sentence with several subordinate clauses
1. Determine the type of sentence according to the purpose of the statement (narrative, interrogative, incentive).
2. Indicate the type of sentence by emotional coloring (exclamatory or non-exclamatory).
3. Determine the main and subordinate clauses, find their boundaries.
4. Draw up a sentence diagram: ask (if possible) questions from the main to the subordinate clauses, indicate in the main word on which the subordinate clause depends (if it is conditional), characterize the means of communication (unions or allied words), determine the types of subordinate clauses (definitive, explanatory and etc.).
5. Determine the type of subordination of subordinate clauses (homogeneous, parallel, sequential).
An example of parsing a complex sentence with several subordinate clauses
1) [Look up at the pale green, star-studded sky, (on which there is neither a cloud nor a spot), and understand], (why is the summer warm air immovable), (why nature is on guard) (A. Chekhov).
[n., (vill. on which), vb.], (vill. why),(vill. why).
will determine. explain. explain.
Narrative, non-exclamatory, complex, complex with three subordinate clauses, with parallel and homogeneous subordination: 1st subordinate clause - attributive clause (the clause depends on the noun sky, answers the question which?, on which); 2nd and 3rd subordinate clauses - subordinate explanatory clauses (depend on the verb understand answer the question what?, join with an allied word why).
2) [Any man knows], (that he have to do not that, ( what separates him with people), otherwise), ( what connects him with them) (L. Tolstoy).
[vb], (conjunction what local, (s.el. what), places.), (s.el.chto).
explain. place-determined place-determined
Narrative, non-exclamatory, complex, complex with three subordinate clauses, with serial and parallel subordination: 1st subordinate clause - subordinate explanatory clause (depends on the verb knows answers the question what?, joins union what), 2nd and 3rd clauses - pronoun-defining clauses (each of them depends on the pronoun then, answers the question what (that)?, joins with an allied word what).
.one. Associative compound sentence
Associative compound sentence - this is a complex sentence in which simple sentences are combined into one whole in meaning and intonation, without the help of unions or allied words: [Habit over us given]: [replacement happiness she is](A. Pushkin).
The semantic relations between simple sentences in allied and are expressed in different ways. In allied sentences, unions take part in their expression, therefore the semantic relations here are more definite and clear. For example, union so expresses the consequence because- the reason if- condition, but- opposition, etc.
The semantic relations between simple sentences are less clearly expressed than in the union. In terms of semantic relationships, and often in terms of intonation, some are closer to complex ones, others to complex ones. However, often the same non-union compound sentence in meaning, it can be brought closer to both a complex and a complex sentence. Wed, for example: Searchlights lit up- it became light around; Searchlights were lit, and it became light around; When the spotlights came on, it became light all around.
Meaningful relationships in non-union complex sentences depend on the content of the simple sentences included in them and are expressed in oral speech by intonation, and in writing by various punctuation marks (see the section “Punctuation marks in non-union complex sentence»).
AT non-union complex sentences The following types of semantic relations between simple sentences (parts) are possible:
I. enumeration(lists some facts, events, phenomena):
[I_ did not see you for a whole week], [I didn't hear you for a long time] (A. Chekhov) -, .
Such non-union complex sentences approach compound sentences with a connecting union and.
Like their synonymous compound sentences, non-union complex sentences can express the value 1) simultaneity enumerated events and 2) their sequences.
1) \ Bemep howl plaintively and quietly], [in the darkness neighing horses], [from the tabor floated tender and passionate song- thought] (M. Gorky) -,,.
stirred ], [fluttered half asleep birdie] (V. Garshin)- ,.
Associative compound sentences with enumerative relations may consist of two sentences, or may include three or more simple sentences.
II. Causal(the second sentence reveals the reason for what the first says):
[I unhappy]: [everyday guests] (A. Chekhov). Such non-union complex sentences synonymous with complex subordinate causes.
III. Explanatory(the second sentence explains the first one):
1) [Items were lost form]: [ everything merged first into gray, then into a dark mass] (I. Goncharov)-
2) [Like all Moscow, your father is like that]: [would like he is a son-in-law with stars and ranks] (A. Griboyedov)-
Such non-union sentences are synonymous with sentences with an explanatory conjunction. namely.
IV. Explanatory(the second sentence explains the word in the first part that has the meaning of speech, thought, feeling or perception, or the word that indicates these processes: listened, looked, looked back etc.; in the second case, we can talk about the omission of words like see, hear etc.):
1) [Nastya during the story remembered]: [she has from yesterday remained whole intact cast iron boiled potatoes] (M. Prishvin)- :.
2) [I came to my senses, Tatyana looks]: [bear No]... (A. Pushkin)- :.
Such non-union sentences are synonymous with complex sentences with explanatory clauses. (remembered that ...; looks (and sees that) ...).
V. Comparative-adversative relations (the content of the second sentence is compared with the content of the first or opposed to it):
1) [All happy family looks like and each other], [each unhappy family unhappy but in its own way] (L. Tolstoy)- ,.
2) [Chin followed to him]- [he service suddenly left] (A. Griboyedov)- - .
Such non-union complex sentences synonymous with compound sentences with adversative conjunctions ah, but.
VI. Conditionally temporary(the first sentence indicates the time or condition for the implementation of what is said in the second):
1) [Do you like to ride] - [love and sleigh carry] (proverb)- - .
2) [see you with Gorky]- [talk with him] (A. Chekhov)--.
Such sentences are synonymous with complex sentences with subordinate conditions or tense.
VII. Consequences(the second sentence names the consequence of what the first says):
[Small the rain sows since morning]- [it's impossible to get out] (I. Turgenev)- ^TT
