Yes, chalavecstva celebrates its people. Essay on Belarusian literature. Zemlya, your forest is plowed
Yanka Kupala is a classic of Belarusian literature. Well deserved. Not flawless. There can't be two dumas, pink mercenaries here. The classics become great masters, they recognize the timely holidays, they act to intercede for their people and for all chalavets, at the troublesome, bulk reptiles, they stop with unsightly zmagars for Radzima. Classics - geta forefathers of the nation, yakiya vyaduts for the people. So, how is it our Yanka Kupala. Vёў yes revaluation of 1917, kali svedchyў, that the Belarusians go to the gathering, to Batskaushchyn, that they, like the other “Pagardian Ages” peoples, began to cry “people call” (“And who is there idze?”). Vёў i grazing, kali padlіchvaў inflicted by the strata of the strata, experiencing that we can kanchatkov stratsіts spadchyna - "Old Native" ў the power of tragic abstavіnaў ("Spadchyna").
Kali Peresna, on the golas of the prarice of our pain prauznizhanasc I napanatsenatz at the zmaganni for Syaba, for my gonar (I was in the absorption of the paranannne nasita vena, the vene of the Veniyki, Krydlovye, Ale, Ale, Ale, Ale, Ale, Ale, Ale, Ale, Ale, Ale, but navat “look, dare to spit” bayazza, “strushchany on a peep”, at the top of the “Perad to be”, written in 1922). Vёў, Pakul does not shepherd himself the caress of Stalin's righteousness and freedom of thought.
We memorize the pastimes of the program at the same time the most tragic peaks of the paet, which were written in 1918-1920 by reptiles: "Kryўda", "From the glory of glory", "Payazdzhane", "I'm the first". Jans were written - a dramatic hour for Radzima, kali was pasted on the map of the founding of Belarus as a sovereign dzyarzhava. Ішлі zahopnіkі z Zahadu - kaiserovskіya, and then і Belapolskiy troops. Not the big ones and the Balshavik type of Myasnikov and Knoryn fell to us independence, at least adnosive, clapped more right to the territories of the former tsarist empire. It was everything. And Kupala lived for those hours near Minsk. Issuing the newspaper Zvon. Iago, 15 years old, the creators of the dzeynasts did not barn the pravodzіts from the 1920s, the akupatsyynya Polish ўlady. Pyasnyar, by the way, showed his faith in a free Belarus. Prague is the best writing and ў publicistic articles, that the jokes were not peradrukovalis, the hell was gramadskasts. Tsyaper yana narukavany znoў i pashyryuts May ўyаўlenne great songra-proroka. Young, akazvaetstsa, to be brave citizens, not being afraid to speak out hell is the name of many.
Ale geta - palette perspective. I would like to say more about the great mastery of the works of the peralomnay couple. Yana is a tragic, baluchy, with a patch and a dreadful hell of a scary bastard that darted into Belarus. I was delighted with the Kupalavag Versh of 1919 “Belarusian Sons”:
On the Belarusian lush field
Z clear and new clear
Grow roofs, and fall roofs
Who? - Belarusian sons.
Many Belarusians at that time had such a share. Many fires fell with wrought roofs on their own and other people's fires. Yak vayary. Yak refugees. Like gills-bespritulnіkі. I sang the song of the meat, enchanted, peratvaryl ў vаўkalakў, zbіla sa shlyakha and whirling by the end on a light whirlwind gift, at the “zatsmіshchy and veil”. Pra geta is said at the top of "Payazdzhane". I can smell the music - the music of “papauzukhi-zavirukhi” (“Shepcha, whisper shtos in the ear”). I experience the very gloomy image that you signify the tragic situation of ours, which was formed ў folded and dramatic hour. Geta is an image of the “eternal damane”, which is the rush of the yaselnaga of the payazdzhan train in advance. Adnak dzelya patsvyardzhennya piles of thought, not a little radkov, what was remembered and yes, the getaga trymayutstsa ў memory like a feast, papyaredzhanna, if the heat didn’t choke us on a trapeze at the old camp:
The floor is smoky, the floor is cement,
Bespatolna and crease,
No pits, no despondency,
Like an eternal lady.
The guessed top has a lot of tragic places in the image of a detail. Іmі z "I'm a sloўlyayutstsa sloўlёnchyya kin (paths) - epithets, paraўnanny. Amal use yans - right gloomy, zavіrushnaya," razbersanae ", as a saying of some people who know our native language, zhytstsezhnaya fluff:" ”, “near the field smoky, ў field tsemna, Bespatolna and broken”, “papauzuha-zavirukha - the evil spirit of the evil spirit.” I’m only enchanted, nibyta ў lethargic sleep, the young woman looks at “Payazdzhany”, “like a dzetsi, like a dove at dawn” Yes, you are like light-coloured images - adzinkavy ў tops, z "appear once a whole impenetrable fog and sign, melting in a white snow, near the tsemra, hiding in a lady. How terrible is the work, if we read such a thing 80 reptile pasture the written work! And how did you patchuvalsya tady, at that hour to the people's songwriter? Balyucha and hill! Versh Guchyts. like music, like a requiem for dead lives and souls. I bathed in such a mentality, in such a mood I live. Iago, the heart of the perapaўnyaў, is full of pain for the people and Radzіm, yakіya wanders around the zatsmіshchy and tsі go out to the prastsyagi novaga zhitstsya - not to be seen.
Not a magician can not jump and yashche adzin versh getaga periyadu - the famous elegy "Spadchyna". Thuyu, which has become a song, was praised by the Pesnyary ensemble. Thuyu, what a Muggle was and the hymns of Belarus, more Yana - right eternal: nazgasy lyubov and tago, what hell is samaga naradzhennya with you and yes, the day is aposhnyaga - nature with asilka oaks near the center, viscous graves and "mossy tynam", "blyyany avechak » on pasture and spring days. Paet is simple paralіchvae prykmety dear old woman, ale getae paralіchenne may signified symbol, skin stroke on Radzima's partretse reminds sluggish sensams, may first step signification, prytsyagvae, like a magnet, yes, our vision is ours.
On the iled of the class, I said, it was wearing Padruchnіku are weak Pikhazza Praee, Schuliki Belaruska Paet Admabytza ° Swim the Creation of Hell Giuchanaga Patryyatm, not open an abstract phrases, and the final ranges of the Peni that one is expressing a real spadchyna, such a need to be shanavats and take care of a stranger's hell, - "usyago old dear." Good and rightly said! No strain. Pa-sialyansku is wise. Pa-chalavechy shchyra and tsepla.
At school, we memorized the tops "Kryuda" and "From the glory of glory." Yana taksam wrote about the dramatic periods of life of Radzima and yae songwriter, dated adpavedna 1918 and 1919 reptiles. At the asnova, the first step is the allegory of the great Kryўdu, which “tangled in the light”, “built eternal sets” and “drove the magic without an hour”. Yana Hatsela imposing slavery on a planetary scale:
Hell huts yes huts s praise,
Ўvyalіchvala thrones, carons;
Slaves fetters kavala,
Pladzila susvetnya stacks.
Getai real Kryўdze-zlybedze paet suprastaўlyaye "pazhar on ўkhodz", revaluation that rocked the whole world, so much so that "the slavish twists trembled". Paet pakazvae ўseagulnuyu joy, prachuvanne lyudzmі rightful freedom. So it was spachatku, more "Apali karony, pasadas", "Z nyavolnіkaў akovy slept". I'm still at the finale, the top of the stsvyardzhaetstsa is not far away to get freedom forever. Akazvaetstsa (version of the paet), the former slaves-slaves did not get well with their calling and betrayed themselves. The closing circles of creation are easy to remember. Maybe, there, that yans are the right eternal, the right freedom of the chalavechag to the spirit, which only guarantees the madness of the slavish lancers. Slaves of the spirit, navat without a lancet on the target, stay as slaves. Slavery is a flattened way of their creation, a natural way of life:
Unchained slave vydaў -
The spirit of chalavecha did not ascend, -
Nyavolnik brotherhood from Crimea
I ў mach gave her pile shoulders.
Magchyma, the top and fall of the swam away padzes, yakiya experienced Belarus in the first autumn-evaluation months, Kaliyana did not become free. Maybe, a ўtar of these gladly disappointed ў th slogans, which were abveshchany adrazu, tsі simple bachyў, that not everything is zdzyaysnyayetstsa in practice. Ale, it was perfectly reasonable and byassprechna: Yanka Kupala was living the threat of paўtornaga in employment.
And the nastavnitsa told us, and it was written to the father-in-law, that the getas are romantic in style. Sapraudy, yon literal are sprinkled with traditional romantic images - Kryўda, Pazhar, Fetters, Share, Glory and insh. I’ll admit that the creation is quick-witted, shmatznachny. The master of perasperating people at the Magchymastsi tragically disappointed in ideals, Kaliyana being busy and not going away and spiritual freedom and independence. They have a paet-priarok calling out a chalavec and a paslyadounaga vykanannya zapaveta revalyutsy, if such an adbudzetsa happened. Revaluation for Kupala is a guarantee of spiritual freedom.
The top of “From the Glory of Glory” was written to years later, near Minsk, kali paet zhyў syarod akupantov and holy faith in the Belarusian right, in the mighty forces of the people and mastatstva. Versh the right one, which is necessary to remember the father’s holy, not tsuratstsa relatives, zmagaztsa s busy. The top of the gety guchyts like a stogn and malіtva, the call of the people and mastakov uvaskresnuts and be alive, torn apart by wars. I remembered only two radkі z yago - "High that ўsyo, that slept in a dream, I stay alive." And I remember that paetu khochatsa, how the call-song and abujennya spread throughout the whole country, abudzila “sleeping forces” and daishla “yes father’s magic”.
Yanka Kupala is a priest of the national agrarian campaign of Belarus and Belarus. For the geta, I love Iago Naipers. I want to be and Iago slutty.
We save the spirit of the hour from the literature, so we scoop up the chaos, the problems have developed, let's see what the people live, we know the mentality. The main springs of the rush of the hour and the grammatics are so intertwined behind the main springs of the literary development that ix i need to be seen at times: the rush of the hour - the rush of life - the rush of literature. Dzyakuyuchy to the works of literature, we know the land, the life of the people ў getym kpai, we know ourselves and open the world.
On pratsyaga stagodziau, Belarusian literature gave the world a big shot, which the light knows right. Yana developed on the old-fashioned kashtounasts In the jokes of the maral asnows, the Belarusian literature, like the racist one, did not chalk, in the words of Byalinskag, svaix syarednih vyakov. Literature of Belarus prahodzila its pascoran paths developed in the XIX - XX stagodzi not only ў avalodan new genres-styles revealed majlivastsami, paskarans paths of pharmaceutical whispers and zahaplenyau, but i hutka worked out various tendencies, ways, tricks. At Asnova, the pile of Yana found herself realistic, you are not less, at her shy, lyrical, romantic, fantastic, naturalistic and other daminants of the style were punished.
Many genre-style tendencies and masterful adaptations jumped to the point of acquiring what is called "from the sheet", in a chystavik.
Belarusian literature developed from verbal apavyadannyau, folk zhartau, anecdotes, scenak, manalogau, dyyalogau, padanniau, legends, Cossacks, and jumpers. Yana lived with the juices of the creative people of the people, never lost her connection with folklore, which she folded and folded the mighty layer of the camp. Among the people, your creations lived for hours and hours, zahoўvayuchysya, becoming folklore, being non-addzel hell to folklore.
Уявiм цяпер сабе, як у далёкiя часы прыходу хрысцiянства на нашы землi па дарогах Беларусi цягнулiся цэлыя вазы рэлiгiйных кнiг, а ў манастырах Полацка i Наваградка, Турава i Смаленска беларускiя чарняцы-мнiхi перапiсвалi старабеларускiя тэксты, старанна слiбiзуючы Бiблiю, казаннi, апокрыфы.
Letters to Belarus were sent at times from the Christian faith to X Stagodze. The history of the history of Belarusian literature M. Garetskag can be divided into: a) old Belarusian literature (the hell of the introduction of Christianity and the XIX century); b) new (since the 19th century and 80th bastards) i c) the newest (hell of the 80s bastards of the 19th century and our zen). As a special stage, I have developed, in our opinion, XX stagodze with Iago non-ardynary downfalls and life for an hour, with knots and downturns in literature.
Letters in Belarus were chalked as the basis of the development of the Tsarsko-Slavic pachatak (X-XII centuries), the pair (XIII-XV centuries), the “zalaty century” (XVI century), the decline of the writings (XVII century) and the ice is not lost occupied by the XVIII Art. Yano was scurrying about, dzyakuyuchy there, that the Belarusian princes and confessors, written people read and copied texts from the tsar’s, handwritten books in Greek language for the sake of faith and the soul. Spachatku geta were works from Byzantine writing (X-XI centuries). The texts are copied from the texts and trapeils of the asablivasci of the old Belarusian folk gavoraks. Some translations on the Tsarko-Naslavic language, dze sutrakalas schmat simple, like a cossack, vulgar language of the meat people, were significant steps of self-made creations.
Yashche i dagetul live among the people of Gutarki, tyya apavyadanni, yakiya uzyaty z wusnaў elders, lirnikaў, that hadzili on Belarusian kirmashakh, perakazvayuchi, napryklad, "Zhitstse Alakseya, Chalaveka bozhaga". The slaps of an old-timer with a clap-pavadyr - a figure mysterious and tayamnichaya among the folk wusna-poetychnay creativs, galloons in the image of mastatsve, dy i ў zhytstsi himself, the role of a yakog ў pashyrenni jumping jack of writing in Belarus stopped many years. There were mythological tales, kazan, apocrypha ab Bagarodzitsa ("Yak hadzila Bagarodzitsa in torment"). Then paishli "Chronicles" (Chronicles), apovesti, prepovesti, retellings of the Turaўskaga Gospel in the 11th century. 3"яулялiся арыгiнальныя, уласнабеларускiя творы, да якiх адносiлiся такiя, як, напрыклад, жыццяпiсы Барыса i Глеба, Кандрата-пакутнiка, альбо Тэклi-першапакутнiцы. А хутка ў трох беларускiх княствах з"явiпся i першыя беларускiя гiсьменнiкi-першапраходцы, духоўныя пастыры народа - Kiryla Typaysky, Efrasinnya Polatskaya, Aўram Smalensky, Kliment Smalyatsich i insh. Shmat may be unraveled to us Kazan i small Kiryla Turaўskaga, avtar shmatlik pramoў, jumpy - old-fashioned patterns of jumping fire of writing on the western European monastic creations syarednyavechcha.
The great post of the bookkeeper, seibit "reasonable, kind, eternal" cleric and the creators of Ephrasinna Polatskaya.
Nedze z XII stagodzia broke up in the belarusian letapisanne. Many Polatsk, Turanian and Smalensk chronicles did not tell us, although it is clear that they were, we see quotes from them.
For Belarus and Belarusians, you can sustrets ў "Apovests of the Past Hours" and the Galician-Valyn Chronicle. Themselves poўny letapis - Baby Byhaўtsa. Documents of right-wing leadership were sent to the territories of Belarus: "Pleasing letter of Polatsk to the Germans in 1200", "Umova Polatsk from Rygay in 1210", "Pleasant letter to the Germans in 1214" and insh.
Adzin with patterns of Belarusian writing - "Smalensk Umova z Germans 1229" - a two-tank handlel-palitichnae pagadnenne, which was accompanied by patches of Belarusian law.
Metryki, Statutes appeared at the Vyalikaga clock of the Lithuanian principality in the Belarusian language.
The era of Adrajan in Belarus is connected with the names of Pershadrukar and Litaratar, Doctor of Medicine and Philosophy Francishka Skaryna, yaki nicay pradmovy i paslyasloўi and books, yakiya yon giving out on that language, such a close and gavorak myastsovaga people. ("Do not drip holes under your friend, you will fall into the nude yourself. . .") On the 3rd of April, an unfailing paem came out - "The Song of the Great Bison", written in the faraway Ryme, the spirit of the Belarusian people and the native land of Belarus, nepakoru and freedom of love are eternal. Rich layers of palemic literature in Belarus, for a century past, not only the way from Zakhad to the exit, ale and thoughts, glances, vysnovy (Izafat Kuntsevich and Lyavon Karpovich, Myaletsiy Smatrytsky, George, Kanіchіy Zіzanіy). Z "I'm a palemic publicist: "Pramova Myaleshki", "Listda of Abukhovich".
Nevіna, but byada of the Belarusian literature, that many creations ў her іsnavalі and іsnuyutsya in adzіnkavym, relіktavy camp: adzіny tops, adzіny raman, adzіny collections. At Lovdane, adzins were handcuffed to us by the sonny versch of the sialyansk paet Pavlyuk Bagrym "Play it, play it, lads are small." Geta and some share of the need for zhakhatstsa, if you don’t want a little scammer for yourself, navat and indulgence (“... If I don’t swear big hell of father’s wheels”). "Aeneida navyvarat" and "Taras on Parnassus" - folk poems from the face of anonymous creators. Taras, a simple peasant, tramples and bugs on Parnassus. Geta in the image of Belarus in a sveta light, like hatseuba bachyts and the literature of the svaygo people is on a par with other and adzin ordinary literary practices. Pra geta dbali Jan Chachot and Franz Savich, Adelya z Ustroni and Artsyom Vyaryga-Dareўskі, clerk of the Vitebsk Chamber of Dzharzhaўnyh Mayomasts paet-democracy Karafa-Korbut.
"Belarusian Malière" - Vincent Dunin-Martsinkevich - the key to the development of drama, gums, himself with his daughters azhshtsyaўlyaў pastanovku p "es ("Gapon, "Sialyanka", "Pinsk gentry"). The publisher, publicist and paet, candidate of law 26-gadovy Kastus Kalinouski - "Pugachov z universitetu" - issuing the newspaper "Muzhytskaya Pravda", Drukava's tops. Another "muzhytsky lawyer" - Francishak Bagushevich became the first great poets in the Belarusian literature. Geta yon upershynu vyveў belarus, yaki pazbaўleny svaygo іmyya, at paem "Kepska budze". In the hell of the world and its own books, there are acronyms of geographic (teritary) borders of Belarus.
Paet was not adzina. Followed by Algerd Abukhovich-Bandyneli, Felix Tapcheўsky, Adam Gurynovich, Yanka Luchyna. Do not be a luchynka, but the fire of Belarusian writing has flared up with good burrows. "Look into the sun and ў our end" - that was the name of the issuance of "our couple" (hell is the name of the newspaper "Nasha Niva"). The Belarusian word has found a legal form for its creation. The newspapers "Belarus", "Goman", "Free Belarus", "Hramada", the hours "Luchynka", "Sakha", "Krapiva", "Ranitsa" were published on the Belarusian language yashche ў darevalyutsynny hour. The newspapers "Nasha Dolita" and "Nasha Niva" became a true people's trybunay. 3 "books of the almanac "Small Belarus" appeared, Belarusian calendars.
The right time of dawn for the Belarusian literature is an hour of the XXth century. On the sky the Belarusian paese, prose, playwrights sang the vigilant first greatness - Yanka Kupala and Yakub Kolas, Maxim Bagdanovich. Captivity worked Tsetka (Alaiza Pashkevich), Ales Harun, Karus Kaganets, Yadvigin Sh., Maxim Garetsky. Druku has a one -to -one z "yamynya izyargea Paluyan, Anton il ivana Lutskevichi, Vaclav Lastoskaga. Belarusian niva prauda, dubba zodzeyay for good sagas il bagata. overrukavatsya, belarusian tops for hours stand out for the bulgarian qi yashche yakі-nebudz іnshy.
Yes, our people never pack a song, the words of a forerunner, a master, if you don’t know the next terrible vikhury, if you don’t wander along the black abyss of the spiritless, aslyaplennya, zanyadbanastsi. Literature enslaved the people of the nation, like a Muggle, adsowed Charnobyl spiritless and forgotten. Uladzimir Duboўka yashche zadouga and charnobyl accident ў 1926 year pisaў:
Oh Belarus, may shipshyn,
Green leaf, black color!
The dzikim wind will not die,
You won't get over Chernobyl.
What's the geta? Prabachane, unfailingly unfailingly bulky and extraordinary progenitors of the unpeaceful spirit?
Peremagayuchy alien, superficial, sent to the bell, Belarusian literature went to the svaygo of national identification, kondavaga, asnatvornaga, padvalinnaga. Considering the joy of the masterful creative worker of the XX century, we are like a peasant - the most famous hero of the Belarusian literature - at a close watch, that he is not distinguished by anything, all of you are the same, sorry, the occasion of "laughter through tears" ubachyts and adchue, that it is no longer the same, that it is zmyanіў, it becomes not like that, like it would be dagetul, that it "came out" like a svaygo, kondavaga, advechnaga jumped to the light. Why is Belarus more like Belarusians, by itself, what is more “muzhychaga” byyao ў іm, what pain they had chalavechaga, but in the figurative expression of Ales Razanava, tym more zemnoga, agulchalavechaga.
In front of foreign sailors, in front of deep-seated assemblages - the main trend in the development of Belarusian literature. The hell of "scattering nests" near J. Kupala on a patch of stagodzia - and the inside of the light of "people on the balocy" roiled by the drifts of the outer abstavіn and іdealogіі ў І. Мележа, калі нібыта да новай цывілізацыі далучаецца не толькi закінутая вёсачка, замкнёная сістэма маральна-этычных і духоўных каштоўнасцей чалавека, а нішчыцца, нівеліруецца і раздзіраецца на кавалкі душа селяніна-працаўніка, якому ўсё яшчэ няма месца ў новым свеце - такі шлях беларускай літаратуры нашага XX stage.
In the 20th bastards, "spread out" Belarus lived its own life. I hear the voice of the overhead and the chakanny of the democratic changes of paetau "z-fall of the salami fears" Zakhodny Belarus, yakіya revealed the mood of the practical masses: Ul. Zhylka, I. Abdziralovich, N. Arsenneva, K. Svayak, F. Alakhnovich, Xv. Ilyashevich, M. Tank, V. Taўlay, M. Mashara, M. Vasilek, P. Pestrak, - their forests, and creative, and asabisty, formed a parable.
In praise of the shirok, the abveshchanai "first belarusian" acts - rushed for the rush - sent all new and new forces to the literature of the descendant Belarus. Першым узнікла літаратурнае аб"яднанне "Маладняк", якое з ініцыятыўнай групы з шасці чалавек вырасла да 500 аўтараў. Не ўсе з іх сталі прафесійнымі літаратарамі. Празмерная запалітызаванасць, лозунгавасць і "бурапеннасць" - касмічна-планетарнасць матываў іх творчасці хутка нарадзiлі новыя літаратурныя групоўкі . Z "appeared" Uzvyshsha ", like a chalk on the metze" to give "a sapright developed artistic creativity, a balance to other literatures of the world. Pazne utvarylisya "Polymya", "Problisk", "Belarusian Literary-Mastatskaya Kamuna" and other literary supolki. Пісьменнікі знаходзідіся "ў віры жыцця", будучы ўцягненымі ў вірлівыя патокі часу, а часамі высвечваючы і "крывавыя віры" чалавечай псіхалогіі, бачачы, як "віры часу" закружваюць, зацягваюць у свой круга-бег, у сутонне ўседазволенасці, камчванства і дэспатыі.
At the ZO-th bastards, our literature has become nothing but a street behind adnabakov’s ruins. Today, the gety praces of us characterize the closeness of literature and life. The creations were filled with stormy pathos of the first five years, the hell of literature was paraded, kab yana dapamagala "varyts" steel, "fall" tseglu, and the figure of paet swayed not like that on the fringe edge of the barracks for a new way, hell yago patrabatars i change Yes, it’s hellishly bad, it’s hellish badness of literature, that Yana has become “garachy tsehs”, unhappy hours for life. Known in the sutarens of the Stalinist turma, many Belarusian writings have been memorized by the GU-LAG. Adny s іh died, other amal on tr dzesyatsіgodzі turned off from the literary practice. V. Marakov, T. Klyashtornag, M. Charot, A. Dudar, A. Volnag, M. Garetskag, M. Zaretskag, P. Galavach, V. Kaval, S. Baranavykh, S. Darozhnag, st. Galubka, M. Mryya, A. Morkaўki, B. Mikulіcha and others. Adpakutavali ў deaf taize ўl. Duboўka, S. Grahoўsky, Ya. Skrygan, S. Likhadziewski, A. Palcheўsаа and іnsh. Stalin's summarily afarisms, yak, ra-guyuchy on arysht apoishgіh syamnatsatsi Belarusian letters, raptam zmyanіў gnў na litas: "Liquidation of warrants, and issuance of orders."
The so-called “theory without conflicts” earned the so-called “theory without conflicts” from the paslyavaennaya literature, the kali mastak would have been a malyavat forest of the peramozhtsa, showing the baratzba of the goodness of the yashche for the flatbread. They performed the cult of strength and energy, in the image of a zhytsstyastaykasts: muscular, with square creatures of mighty asilak ў kambinezon and an energetic jumper with a rusyavay kasa and springy hadoy. Zhytstse dabbled like a zamozhnaya, shchaslivaye, blasphemous. Banquets, vyaselli, vecharynki zapaŞyali old books - "wine cyaklo cancer, sused paіў suseda". Such would be realism on order - social realism among children. The hell of literature is a new hero. "Nyashchasnaya tay kraіna, such a pastayan May patrebu ў heroes" - B. Brecht.
Call the "Urjay" to go to the literature of new written names of the former pachatak of the 60s of the bastards. The geta was called pakalenny pokalennym, abpalennoy vein, or yashche phylalagic suzor "em. The intellectual level of that literature was rather high. The paesia geta had: R. Baradulin, S. Gaўrusyoў, A. Vyartsіnski, V. Zuyonak, P. Makalіch , A. Loyka, A. Grachannikau, A. Pysyn and others In prose, the following excelled: M. Straltsov, Karatkevich St., I. Chygrynaў, B. Sachanka, I. Ptashnikau, A. Kudravets, Y. Sipakov, V. Adamchyk and others.
Rztsydyvy old ailments climbed upstairs at the Brezhnevskaya clock, kali vytvorchasts and "exit from the breaks", meliyaratsy and zmaganne for ўrajay znoў zapalanili, like in the 30th bastards, creations of mastatstva. Exit from the kryzіsu literature jokingly ў histories and philosophies, intellectual prose, paese, drama. Tamu nevypadkovy haste, yakі fell to the lot of issued letters Ul. Karatkevich, M. Straltsova and insh.
"Senana Asfalce" - Veska ў Goradze - this is its own formula of life burning shastsіdzesyatnіkaў, paetau and prazaіkaў, and the collection itself should be called such, like and many works of M. Straltsov, geta - prose is a high-pitched gatunka, plastic, plastic. Razam from the books of Y. Sipakov "We are all from the hut", "Live, like a hochatsa", album ў adnachass z yagonai intellectual prose (cycle of apovyadannya ў "Zhanchyna syarod muzhchin", collection "Spadzyavanne for joy" and іnpathya tsі і зbornік "20 hvіlіn z Nemіzіday") - a bright z"yava ў navelistsy," sailboats with spakoy", zhyrae zhadanne go out to the new zhanvaravyаўlіnchyya tendentsyі ў litaratura, giving some kind of realism, not only магло быць, мадэліруючы жыццё і сiтуацыі. праяўленні характараў у новых вымярэннях, доўга не вышукваючы сваіх персанажаў, а сустракаючы іх "на вуліцы, сярод іншых" - своеасаблівая адкрытая проза - у нечым блізкая да вядомага нам патоку свядомасці. Гэтая творчасць мае тэндэнцыю развівацца ў for example, intellectual mastatsva - not typovye ў typovym, on chrystamaty, but lagistic characters ў lagiziravanyh abstavinah, this is the meaning of the logic of mastatsky fantasies created in images ў not less pavyadnіkantszptsyі), z express share of dydaktykі, brightly brightly revealed deer and аўtarskaya atsenki. Amal, all the heroes of that prose are waving their charming days. Ale ўcharashnyaga will not return. You need to wake up your life. Such is the conclusion of the work of literature.
Pratsesy Perabudovy grammastva ў many people were close by and our literature. In the pasty creations they sang the ideas of "life not on the mane", the spell of the "double maral", the pastupovs took the upper hand of the agulna-vechy pachuzzi, the norms and the pryntsypy.
Chalavek can do a lot, if any situation is healthier, you can make it by yourself. And such situations, the first charge, were created in extreme minds, on paroea "life and death", on the borders of good and evil, vernasts and health, on the sacks of chalavian majlivas. The creations of V. Bykava, the great vain, the great worker at the front, won the utter glory. Hell "accumulate" the truth of writing ishoў and philosophic asensavance of war as a "sign of bad luck", symbolizing bad luck - jumping out of the ground on the earth, robbing the person. The creations of V. Bykav are written on the materials of military bastards, but the yans are disintegrating and our great sennyashny hour, they are telling the great old soul. The great merit of V. Bykava, in our opinion, is that he shows my strength to the spirit, the extreme borders of my life, the boundary stress of physical and spiritual forces, the aposhnia of namagann, the caliber of chalavek imknetsa vyzhyts, the chalave kamsta.
Vyazannne Vyadzetsets for the Myazhi "Zhytsia I Sumy", "Vernassky I Podsyda", "Herasta I Palakhlivasz", many Mastatskiya Rachi ў prazaki Mayuts are agent, Saprada Spradai "Speradia", "alternates", "alternatives" "(V. Bykaў: "Iago Battalion", "Health", "Pastka", "Paisci and Nevarnuzza", "Dzhyts and Svіtannya", "Kar" er "," Scyuzha "," Ablava "," In the Fog "i insh.).
Акрамя згаданых вышэй іогіг беларускіх аўтараў, звер нем увагу на лірычныя мініяцюры, празаічныя абразкі Я. Брыля і яго "Ніжнія Байдуны", дзе жыве стыхія каларытнага народнага жыцця, суседнічаюць гумар і сатыра, праяўляецца ўменне аўтара зазірнуць у душу народа, заўважны вострая назіральнасць, analііychny zrok, smarter "zhyvapisatsya words", giving brightly malyuyak ubachanaga.
Tsіkavi Z "Yalyayutsza I genreva-Stylevyvyvyvyuyuy, Belaruskai Litarati XX century, I can do the coming stages, Create Evalyutsi, I am an hour I have an hour. the phrase of a neighbor with a realistic writing, albeit to the Cossack zachyns. Such is the prose of M. Lynkov, V. Kaval, M. Nikanovich, S. Khursik, A. Dudar, A. Volnag. zhytstse heroў "praz bastards" (P. Galavach), z "there were ramanas-chronicles of apovesci-forests, apavyadnі-history of life. The so-called “workout” ramanas, apovesci, apovyadanni - “pramova facts”, dze “azhyvali” “zehavya everyday life”, “bastards, like a storm”, blast furnaces, hydrostans, canals were widely used.
In the "non-conflicting" prose of the paslyavaennaya couple, "papyar", "creamy" heroes develop and such "blakіtny" passions develop. Geta was an illusory prose, created on the theory of "beskanflasgnasci".
In the lyric-philasophical prose of the 60s, the bastards, badai, literature in full voice began to speak, the right Belarus and Belarus, the right national punishments, the samabytnasts of pachutsyaў and lands, the non-pasttornasts of chalavian adchuvannya. Geta was "spavyadalnaya prose", dze vyalіkae months occupied the mats of asabistag, perazhytaga. Literature has gone through a lot of troubles and prazaikas of highly adducted, sap-right intellectuals for the most part. Mustaches of the bastards of the bastards studied at the university, worked in the editorial offices of newspapers and on the joy, made a good philallagic speech. Geta were prazaiki St. Karatkevich, I. Chygrynaў, V. Adamchyk, B. Sachanka, M. Straltsov, I. Ptashnik. In paesia, V. Zuyonak, R. Baradulin, A. Vyartsinski, G. Buraukin, N. Gilevich, A. Loika, Yu. Svirka and others.
The prose of the 70s - in the first place, is "stating" with a pile, for such a typist himself would have been a slave to learn about good and evil and zhytstsi. Yana was for hours factographic, apical, grachy-la shmat at what more details and everyday life.
In the "stagnant" bastards, the literature painted the hero of an evocative magician, a little heart to the hearts and a soft soul, a lumpy-cap-chutstevaga, with an absolut admiration of goodness, truth, righteousness, but not a healthy suprastayatsya nahrapistamu and vayunicham zneshnyamu. 3 creations - the creation of "vandraval" getkiya "poor people" - the neўdalnye Don Quixotes of the Brezhnevskaya hours - spineless, macular values \u200b\u200bof living people. Kraina lived a double deer, patanala ў khabarnіtstae, kryvadushy, htsіvastsі, krutselstve, nyadbaynastsі. And in the old women KNIG, u, kino, on the stage of the stage, Isnavali, the non-cubs, nyapludy і nyadalians "Studante Kalinarnaga Tekhnikum" ol Redanninsk, Khazanava, tsi p "Yanai" "Yana" "Yanai" "Yana" " zhanchyn of the people" - Garadsky and vyaskovay - Aўdozzi Nіkіtsіchny i Veranіkі Mаўrykіеўna.
Clawless heroes, byassrebranki, sleuths and intellectuals, living in "dream and in reality", like hell the sky adarval, but they did not give the earth, lit old books. Strachanae pakalenne?!? Only nature - zmaganne for ecology, for our forests and rivers, for fires and meadows, for our furs and fought for the characters. ("Palyavanne on the aposhnyaga of a crane" by A. Zhuk, "Nerush" by V. Kazko, "Pushcha" by V. Karamazava).
"Life and bystse" of the chalavek sang the letters of the first palov of the 80s. Different aesthetic aspects of good and evil, and their peculiarities in the characters' characters, fell on the pasty creations. The prose rushed to reveal the crumbs and wounds of the soul of the chalavek, give the marial asnes of the character. Zhytstse chalavek - geta sachynenne on a free theme, and like yago write - fallow menavita hell tsyabe adnago. Such is the place of ramana A. Kudraўets "Sachynenne On a free theme", and the dachshund of many creators of that hour: "Neprykayanny maladzik" A. Asipenki, "Gradaboi" L. Misko, "Proof of hell protseleglaga" V. Gigevіch, "I dreamed of a dream" A Zhuk, "Internat on Nyamiza" I. Navumenko, "Spakusa" T. Bovdar and insh.
Philasophical-canonical look at the world of a chalavek is a characteristic sign of literature aposhnyaga hour. Literature, as it were, opens up a new light and a century and this world, develops the mats of "chalaveka ў here" and "here" and ў people ", and" people ў ў svetse ", bridle the agulchalavevchyya Kashtoўnasts.
PISMEMENIKI NATSYANALYYA, People's Amal ZASEDYA Z "Java Susvetnaya Litarati. Pra -Rakhodzhazi, but kniga, Bloppad, Ya. Kolas" New Zamlya " - not olde, but yashche Bolsho. And a chalaveka above the earth, Iago advechnaya imknenne metz lusny overhead, "jump your kut", be a gaspadar on a pile abloz.
Yes, a contribution to the fund of Belarusian culture can be made by adnests and creators on the planet of the kasmіchnaplanetarnag, ale realistychnaga and great zimnoga winged winged - byaskrydlag" by paet M. Bagdanovіch, by paezіy yakog Chalavek Zorka - Susvet - The land of the kasmіchnaplanetary. land. Who are we? Only padarozhny, - paputnіki syarod nyabyos. Well, on the earth, welding and stars, pain and bitterness. Kali ўse we all times lyatzim Da zor?" - so on the spade of our stagodzja zvyartaўsya and people paet-vyashchun, paet-principal, the classic of Belarusian literature Maxim Bagdanovich.
Yanka Kupala and people and chalavets from the thought of the great Malady Belarus, a kind of "sakalіnay syam" i, which is the main occupation of "its own pachesny pasad among the peoples". and they were given out for meazhoy, among them. paet expressed a pile of paetychny kantseptsvo dzyarzhaўnasts of Belarus, adknasts kozhnaga for the forest of the country, the people, for the forest of the native meva, yes, zreshty, and for their beautiful forest.
At baronated, rapping peaks and paems of Y. Kupala, yakіy adnosyatstsa and some creative people of the saving hour and yago creative gift of value couples, there were thoughts and wretchedness over the forests of Batskaushchyna, faith is the best lot of the people. Geta small vertices and paems of Y. Kupala of the Dakastrychnitskaya couple: "The land is taken away", "Fairy tale ab song", "Belaruschyna", "Paprostu", "Svayaki", "Laugh! "Brother-Belarus", "Above the Nemans", "On Kutsyu", "3 past zens", and the dachshunds of the creations of the saved hour, yakiya are not frequent, but the zusim were not given out in the collections of creativity: "Kryuda", "Zhydy", "Our gaspadarka", "Perad buduchynyay", "Pazvali you", "On Vaiskovy matyvy", "Stand for the people of ours. . . ", "Akoў palomaniy gendar". Paet was in freedom, but the tops of the yagons were known for the "crates", fell the censored baron. The tsyaper yans have been returned to the people. The works of K. Chornag, I. Melezh, I. Chygrynava, I. Ptashnikava, A. Kudraўtsa, V. Kazko, Ya. Skrygana, I. Shamyakin. To the master chroniclers of our hour, I am a writer I. Shamyakin, a phenomenon of haste, including, in our opinion, actuality, supremacy, problematic and borrowing. , prazaika $ a glybokaga, saproda Maystra Mastatskay prose. Agnesny Zhitzin's prominent people of saprada are healthy ўzvshasya soul I.bagacets, davili great F. Skarynu, V. Kotun "Kryzh milasernasts" - great Tsetku, V. Khomchanki "Pry apaznan - zatrymats" - great F. Bagushevich.
In Belarusian paesia, the acronyms of non-calculous tendencies, swimming, are most pronounced, and these motsna are connected with the folk song tradition, which are aryentuetstsa on folkloric effluents, motsna with svaymi ryvalyami karanyami from the folk glebay, P. The other is a traditional classical warehouse with harmony of form and place (tops and paems of A. Kulyashov, A. Pysina, S. Zakonnikava).
The voice of the poet is expressive with a bright revealed gramadskіm pain, dze "propaganda and confession", "lyrics and publicists" are fused ў adzіnae tselae, "great-pushchany" praz sertsa, kali paeziya - geta ўchynak, "blow of the pae of any unfair creatures", razhku, falling ў narrow throats - chutsen is far away (paesia of P. Panchanka, R. Baradulin, A. Vyartsinsky and others).
Wide galіnіtstsa folk-traditional, ale and navatar in the form of philosophic-іntelektualnaya paezіya. So, M. Tank upershynu so wide "ўzhyў" on the Belarusian gleba verlibre - free tops, free hell rhymes, hours and rhythm, tops, people of alloys, harmonies of thoughts and pachuzza, top-razvagu, analysis, impromptu, you most pastavіўshy your names ў hellish sheragu with the famous masters of the getaga genre ў ethereal literature (Pablo Neruda-Chyli, Janis Rytsos-Grecia, Jacques Praver - France and іnsh.). M. Tank near hellish svaіh vershaў-verlibraў pisaў: "Zakalikhvayuchy, Pevna, languishing, Mommy lamented: Not on faith, But on the heart of May I sang my song.
Nіtkay matchynai z "yаўlyaetstsa ўsya paeziya getaga vydatnaga paeta slavyanskаga to the world, vyadomagaў svece majstra svobodnaga versha - verslibra. A. Vyartsinsky, P. Makal, A. Razanaў. (беларуская Ганна Ахматава), працягваючы традыцыі першай асветніцы і першай кананізаванай святой на Беларусі Ефрасінні Полацкай, увесь час імкнулася дастукацца да сэрцаў братоў-беларусаў, з трымценнем несучы па нялёгкім жыцці ідэі Бацькаўшчыны і нацыянальнага Адраджэння.
The forest was not lithic and seductive, but Yana was not angry, like many people from Western Belarus. Вучылася з мужам у Чэхіі, там далучылася да беларускага народніцка-незалежніцкага руху, стала зхавальніцай Беларускага Архіва БНР у Празе, пасля вайны была дэпартавана органамі НКВД у Мінск, адседзела ў сталінскіх лагерах, перажыла астракізм і адчуджэнне ў роднай Зэльве пасля вяртання, але выстаяла і . . . peramagla. The documentary epiphany "Spovedz" and the collection of verses "White Dream" - laconic, shy and ancestral joys, written "with a lid on the heart":
For father's native language,
For culture, for the truth of the pile,
I for faithfulness to my mother's word
So many torments at the nyaroi bay!
No, Daremna threats and zdzeki,
Tribunals, canvas, lancets,
We are for rights - be chalaveks,
I for the edge of our mustache!
At hellish svaіh vershaў paetesa shchyra pryznaetstsa:
. . . For your dear Belarus
Mustache, that ў sertsy, yes addal.
Important contributions to paetism were made by K. Builo, E. Los, V. Varba, Ya. Janishchyts, modern paetes V. Ipatava, R. Baravikova, N. Matsyash, G. Karzhanevskaya, T. Bondar, V. Akolava, V. Koўіun , whose choruses are wonderful ў many gallos of our zens, which are admirable "for many of us, the tuning forks of the soul are treasured. Geta dramatized ale and pachuzza lyric," I cry without tears ", soulful confession, paese of pain, stratum, lakut The creations of many paetas, prazaikas abroad: M. Syadnev, U. Glybinnag, Klishevin St., Yu. Advance and many others.
Paetesa Actyna advocated the implementation of the national independent idea in Belarus, although she was not a political leader in any way. Aposhnіm hours ў yae apex all the more expressive primordial steps of the spiritual pachatak, faith va ўsemagutnasts boskay forces, which is not a pack of any people, no edge of a gift. Mighty God! Uladar suvetaў, Vyaliznyh suns and small hearts, Over Belarus tsikhoy and vetlay Scattering of praise to the pile.
So radka z versha N. Arsennevay "Malitva". Included are literary works of A. Mryi, B. Mikulich, M. Garetskag, A. Harun, Ul. Zhyl, L. Rodzevich and others.
In the 80s, the bastards "turned up" and Belarus and p "esa Y. Kupala "Tuteyshya", the motsna ўznyaўshy ўlevel of our adzіnayna sennyashnі zen of Belarusian literature. Ya Kupala nekali pisau:
I am not a bureaucrat, and not a count, not a prince,
Taxama - I am not a Turk and not a Greek.
I navat is not palyak and not maskal,
And I'm just tuteishy chalavek!
Youth - a new nation - wide idze ў litaraturu, on the five lines zmagayuchychy for the new Adrajenne. "Tuteyshya" - that was the name of the new literary ab "Yadnanny of the 80s of the bastards, which, instructed by" Talaka "," Uzgor "em" and other ruhams of the national community, svyadomy young people, and acted to swim on the literary practice the development of literature and native language, the growth of the national self-confidence of the people. L. Galubovich (Collection "Taemnaets Agnyu" and "Confessions of a Bassoon Soul"), A. Globus ("Park", "Adzinota at the stadium"), A. Sys ("Agmeyay", "Pan Forest"), S. Sokalaў- Voyush ("Crown in the bag") and many other young poets practice and svaygo chitacha praz toshchu natsyanalnaga nіgіlіzmu, sillya іdealagіchnyh dogmaў, epigonism and graphomania. Young people practice at the literature of ўpeўnen, good, often experimenting.
Kali would press a theater poster with taorami of national dramaturgy, so there would be a non-fatal Kupala song "Paulinka", which advents the skin of a new season at the theater named after Ya. "esavadevil "Sialyanka" (pavodle of V. Dunin-Martsinkevich), p" ee K. Krapiva ("Mila chalavek", "Brama Nemіruchastsі"), A. Makayonka ("Pagareltsy", "Holy Prastata"), A. Dudarava ( "Vechar", "Radavyya", "Kupala", "Prince Vitaўt"), M. Matukovskaga ("Amnesia", "Scarlet Instance"), A. Petraipkevich ("Written Zastaaetstsa", "Salt"), U. Butrameeva ( "Kryk to khutary" or "Passion for Audzeya").
"Try it yourself" - eight leitmats of many works of A. Makayonok, like "bringing out" the Belarusian dramaturgy and shyrokaga gledach and reading the hell of Brest and ўladaivastok. and dachshund for the boundaries of the past of the USSR. Быў час, калі п"есы драматурга ставіліся ў васьмідзесяці тэатрах адразу. Яны набліжалі змены ў нашым паўсядзённым існаванні, бо мастака заўсёды прыцягвалі калізіі маральнага жыцця грамадства і прырода чалавека, гарманізацыя чалавечай асобы, якая адчувае на сабе пастаянны знешні ціск.
Zaўimportant achievements of the Belarusian literature of knowledge and lids, naipers, dzyakuyuchi gifts of S. Alexandrovich, st. Kalesnik, R. Byarozkin, A. Maldzis, st. Konan, G. Kisyalev, M. Mushynskag, A. Sidarevich, S. Laushuk, S. Kavaleva and others.
Belarusian literature is the goal of the world - rich, populated, with its own shovels and problems.
Sonnya Belarusian literature ў vyalіkay khadze, on a gift yes dabra, truth, rightness.
Do not sing and not right bachytstsa our Belarusian literature to us. Yana develops on a par with other literatures of the world. This literature, like ўsebakova and ab "ektyўna, told the truth of Belarus and Belarus in the world, the truth of the people on the ancient legends of the hour. Yana developed over and over again among the peoples, abnaўlyalas and adrajalas. development of Belarus.
The book of the great unscrupulous warrior is a high idea stavіtstsa more with man-made remembrances of the dzeynasts - from the paўsyadzennaya pratsay of the human.
In such a "prisoner ab zhytstsi" z "I mean all our Belarusian literature, which is not without reason called jumping writings.
Literature:
- "Belarusian Knowledge" (Navuchalny dapamozhnik) - (P. Brygadzin, L. Loika)
- "Belarusian literature" - (A. Kavalyuk, M. Zyugin)
- "Our language" - (P. Apatavets)
There are very important words: peace, land, labor, freedom, bread.
There are native, dear words: mother, father, friend, grandmother, grandfather, Motherland.
What does the word "motherland" mean? This is a forest, and a field, and a narrow path, and birdsong, and cities, and villages. This is the place where a person was born, lives.
What do we call motherland?
The sun is in the blue sky.
And fragrant, golden
bread at the festive table.
What do we call motherland?
The house where we grow up.
And birch trees, along which,
Hand in hand, let's go.
There are many countries in the world, but only under the sky of the Fatherland can you find your place, fully reveal your creative abilities, bring the greatest benefit to society and feel truly happy. Therefore, we dedicate our very first lesson to our Motherland.
As you know, each country has its own symbols, something to be proud of, which is a distinctive feature of the country. You've probably heard the expression:
Skin knows that the busel is a symbol of the native Belarus.
Why is the stork considered a symbol of Belarus? There are a lot of them in Belarus. Spreading the white sails of their wings, they soar above our Earth. They seem to cover our country with their wings. Therefore, it is called so - the land under the white wings. And they also consider the bison, the owner of Belovezhskaya Pushcha, a symbol of our land. These are national symbols. However, the Republic of Belarus, like every country, has state symbols. This is the national flag, coat of arms, anthem.
country flag
The flag of our country is the main symbol of our Motherland.
The national flag expresses important information about our country. Every citizen should understand the language of the Belarusian flag well in order to consciously honor the flag and be proud of it, just as they are proud of their people and their glorious history.
Our flag has three colors: red, green and white. Red color from ancient times serves as a sign of the Sun, symbolizes blood ties, brotherhood, the struggle for a just cause. It means a high destiny in fate and victory. At the same time it is a sign happy life. In the old days, noble people wore red hats and red boots.
Green is the color of Nature, our nurse, our first mother. This is the color of fields and forests, which have long occupied the main part of the territory of our country.
Evergreens grow not only in warm southern countries, there are many of them in our forests and swamps. Among them are juniper, spruce and pine, various mosses and herbs.
Green is the color of goodness, growth, development, prosperity and peace.
Finally, white is, above all, the color of freedom. No wonder they believe that the name of our country - Belarus - is associated with the inextinguishable will of the people to freedom. At the same time, white is the color of moral purity and wisdom. And these qualities should be sacredly kept in his soul by a true son of the Belarusian land.
The flag of Belarus has another important, characteristic feature, another important detail - it is a red folk pattern or, in other words, an ornament. The ornament, in essence of its origin, is a symbolic drawing, a graphic way of conjuring higher divine powers. Through patterns or ornaments, people expressed various wishes and precepts even in those days when there was no written language. People who did not yet have books wanted to pass on the lessons of life to new generations. This purpose is served by the ornament used to embroider clothes, decorate houses, harness, weapons, household utensils - pots, mugs, caskets.
Of the numerous variants of the Belarusian folk ornament, a part (fragment) of the most ancient and typical ornament is depicted on the State Flag of the Republic of Belarus. The work was completed in 1917 and belongs to a simple peasant woman Matryona Markevich from the village of Kostelishche, Senno district.
What does this ornament mean? What does it symbolize?
First of all - diligence and labor skills as a prerequisite for any happy fate. In other words, it expresses the most essential qualities of the people and, as it were, begs the heavenly powers to preserve these qualities. Let's take a closer look at the ornament. In the center of it is a rhombus with thick "hooks", or "horns", or "oars", meaning eternity and movement. And the rhombus itself is the oldest image of the goddess of the Earth and Fertility. However, it is a symbol of the sown field. He is surrounded by signs conjuring about the harvest, good luck and the fulfillment of righteous, good desires. Smaller rhombuses are also spells - “bread”, that is, food that must be understood as food for the spirit and food for the body.
Here, it turns out, what wisdom is expressed by the embroidery of a simple peasant woman who has preserved for us a “message” from ancient times!
The flag is raised over the building where the President of the Republic of Belarus works. The flag is also constantly flown over the buildings of other important state bodies. The flag of the Republic of Belarus has all the executive authorities of districts and regions, educational institutions, enterprises, military units, organizations and research institutes.
The current emblem and flag of the Republic of Belarus were adopted as a result of a popular vote on May 14, 1995.
In their history, Belarusians have used various flags and coats of arms. Since 1919, the Belarusian state has used the red flag. Since 1951 - in connection with the entry of the Belarusian Soviet Socialist Republic to the United Nations - a red-green flag (with a white ornament) was used.
Since 1991, a white-red-white flag has been used in Belarus, but most of the people did not consider this flag to be national. As a coat of arms, an image of an equestrian knight with a sword was used, which served as the coat of arms of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania - it once included Belarusian lands. The knight was rejected as a borrowing that does not reflect the true essence of Belarusian history, although Belarusian warriors have participated in major battles since ancient times and covered themselves with unfading glory as brave and staunch defenders of their Motherland.
Our country celebrates the Day of the State Emblem and the State Flag on the second Sunday of May. The national character of our free, independent state is confirmed not only by symbols - the coat of arms and the flag, but by the daily concern of the state for the development of the economy and culture of our Motherland.
My native country, Belarus,
May it always fly freely over you
Our flag, in which we happily merged
Colors that we all love.
Green color of fields, meadows, forests,
And red is the color of life and hope,
And white color, as a symbol of all ages,
Keeping in the heart and love, and fidelity.
The second state symbol is the coat of arms.
It radiates wonderful light.
He has a high destiny
And, perhaps, in the whole world there is no
Nobler than our coat of arms.
The first thing that everyone will pay attention to is the green contour of the territory of the Republic of Belarus, as it is depicted on a geographical map. The green outline is in the golden rays of the rising sun.
The contour of the country is in the middle of the coat of arms, formed by a wreath of ears of corn intertwined on one side with pink clover flowers, and on the other with blue flax flowers.
A wreath (made of roses, palm leaves, laurel, etc.) has been used by peoples since ancient times as a reward for the winner and personifies victory. At the same time, it is a symbol of memory and the indissoluble connection between contemporaries and ancestors.
A wreath formed from a bundle of zhit has had a sacred meaning for all Slavic peoples since ancient times. The Slavs believed that a bunch or a sheaf of ears of corn is the best way to turn to divine powers with a request to send down or bestow a new harvest and prosperity. A man, sacrificing part of his harvest to the gods, as if saying: “Here is the fruit of my labor and the grace of Nature, I will work diligently and tirelessly tomorrow, may the support of a higher power not leave me!”. Until today, many residents of our villages put a sheaf or a bunch of ears of a new crop in the house. As a guarantee of labor success in the future. In the old days, the "dozhinochny sheaf" was considered miraculous and sacred and decorated the main corner of the hut - - it scared away evil forces.
Clover is a symbol of connection with the creative world of animals: a horse, a cow, a sheep, for which it is the best food. Ancient people rightly believed that a person is a part of the whole world of living beings, able to save his life and ensure prosperity only if the rest of the animal world is preserved and prosperous.
Linen is the cotton of the North, an excellent material for clothing. Since ancient times, beautiful and durable things have been made from flax. Linen is a symbol of the transformative power of labor, a sign of goodness and prosperity.
Below the contour of the borders of the Republic of Belarus there is a globe with the sun rising above it and golden rays. Earth- this is a sign that the Republic of Belarus perceives all the peoples of the Earth as equal friends and partners, is ready to be friends and trade with them, exchanging products and knowledge.
The unity of the Earth and the Sun is the main sign of life. This symbolism is captured in the most ancient myths of mankind. It can be found on monuments and ancient egypt, and Ancient Greece, and Ancient China.
Of the elements of the coat of arms, the red star attracts attention. The five-pointed star is a symbol of man and humanity, a sign of courage and lofty thoughts. In this capacity, the red star was used during the existence of the great state - the Soviet Union. One of its republics was the Belarusian Soviet Socialist Republic.
The coat of arms is entwined with a red-green ribbon, on which a gold-colored inscription is made at the bottom - "Republic of Belarus". The coat of arms depicts the main national spiritual values of the Belarusians: civil unity, work, the desire to improve their personality and the whole society, peacefulness and at the same time the readiness to stand up for their freedom and sovereignty.
The coat of arms of the Republic of Belarus symbolizes the sovereign will of the people, it is used by all state bodies of the country. The coat of arms adorns government institutions, as it were, formalizes their powers. All the most important documents and seals contain images of the State Emblem.
Each regional center of the Republic of Belarus has its own coat of arms.
Minsk- on a blue field, a female figure between two angels.
Gomel- a lynx on a blue field, a city crown is attached to the shield.
Vitebsk- on a blue field, a man's face, under which there is a red sword.
Mogilev- there are three towers on the blue field, and in the open door - a knight with a sword in his hand.
Brest- on a blue background, a silver bow with an arrow pointing upwards.
Grodno- on a blue field a deer with a golden cross between the horns.
Zemlya, your forest is plowed
The hall is decorated with the national style.
Book exhibition “Zamlya, why your forest is plowed”.
Guchyts melody “Oak tunes” by A. Ivanov.
Vyaduchi 1. Good day, dear Syabry! We have a good day for good people, who have come and let us go to the edge of the forest “Earth, why your forest is plowed”. Padarazha in your native land, where you know the old garadas and castles of Belarus, with the rivers and azers, lyasami, and their inhabitants, passing through the paths and roads. Pagavory our dear native kutok, great meats, smallness to us daragiya, right that lives in our hearts all the life.
Guchyts Belarusian melodies.
Chytach. Miazhue from Poland, Ukraine,
Russia, Latvia, Lithuania
Your native land, your Aichyna -
Life is yours and your fee.
I you remember the name,
Like the sky, the sun and the dawn,
Your land, your Radzima
Named light
Bela - Rus.
Y. Svirka
Veduchi 2. I want the righteousness of you on the land, which is for me, and, mabyts, not only for me - the best for everything, the most beautiful and charming kut.
What Yana, May land? Geta zalatyya sbazhyns with blue cornflowers, bright hell byaroz hai, which agluhli hell of a bird ringing, and fluffy, dze is proud to carry the pile of aleni crowns. Geta byaskontsyya zhyly rek, yakіh bald babras and fish on the back of the sun, and this amal adzіnatstatsat thousands of azers, clean, like a smile dzіtsyatsi.
Veduchy 1. Charounny kut, old Cossack land - our Belarus. From the old watch lived on the Getai lands our products, the Cossacks were adopted, our fathers and dzyads. There and the people call the land of their svaіh prodkaў “the land of the father”, in the cabal of the country another hell was called, giving it a name. By the name of the amal dermal fold, we easily understand who most of us live here.
Chytach. Our Radzima is Belarus,
And if you don't joke,
Do not know you on the whole earth
Miley, chym gety land.
You do not know such people,
Іh sirtsy - dabrynya;
Yana flow, liezza ў light
Krynichka shoddy.
There is no need to live
Nyashchyrym, skvapnym, evil.
Do not forget, you are Belarusian,
stay with them.
Veduchi 2. We - Belarusians - are the main memory of Prague Geta and Ghanarytstsa Getym. Kab called Belarusians, Kab Belarus has become dear to you, you need to know the old days. There, our father of a hellish life with your first high school students near the native land.
Guchyts song “I love tsyabe, White Russia”, lyrics by U. Karyzna, music. I. Luchanka.
Vyaduchi 1. Our native Belarusian land! They are jumping and in their own way are adept at the beginning, at the afternoon, at the exit and the stop. They are jumpers and non-flyers with their own rekams and azers, with their own lyasami and meadows, with their own crosses and darogami.
Guchyts melody "Spadchyna", lyrics. I. Kupala, music. I. Luchanka.
Veduchi 2. Spadchyna! What a simple word and what a simple sense! Spadchyna is this folk sound and culture, this is our native language, this is the greatness and glory of the people.
Veduchy 1. Zhytstso people not may zyhodnaga point. The new date is not an official date: there was some meeting earlier. Any Vedas ab near the past are approaching us, crying out greedily for the past past yashche of pain.
Veduchi 2. At the skin old mountains, at many old vesaks, on the shmatliks, on the banks of the recak and the azers, there are macular information of the Slavutag and the black minulag - the ruins of the castle, paselishchy, burial mounds.
Veduchy 1. Leather zamak may pile a legend, history, piles of mystery. For example, and ў our days there is a lot of faith at the first place of the Nyasvizh castle - the Black panna. And ў Kreўskіm castle sjadzeў as vyazhen vyalіkі prince Vіtаўt. The pit was plowed by ўtsyachy adtul z dapamogai zhonki, who turned into a maidservant, and grazed to become a saprajdny gaspadar and arrogant puffers of our magutnasts and nezalezhnasts.
Veduchi 2.
Muler motsny mura
Sklaў kalіstsi ў Mіra,
I village of mighty zamak
Already yes sennya on the mountains.
Chytach.
My beloved land, kind, daverlivy -
Klyanovy leaf ў far from the earth.
You oversee and live and paver,
Hotz vyaki swam over you.
The eyes are blue, and the sky is high
Adbіvaetstsa ў chandeliers azer,
At the bar, a song is pebbled by the winds,
I express my voice - niby dakor.
Adgukaetstsa ў sirtsy melodies:
Two strings - crane wedges.
The one who mows the earth,
Only that I am faithful son.
My land is bright, windy astuzhany,
I love tsyabe so much - the heart of shchymyts ...
For all intents and purposes, I'm friendly with you,
Without tsyabe - do not sleep for me, do not live.
Guchyts song “Earth of May”, lyrics. U. Nyaklyaeva, music. L. Zach leunaga.
Vyaduchi 2. And tsyaper pastoral prykazki for the past month, dze skin from you naradzіўsya. I will read, and you are padkazhytse, kali caress, aposhniya words.
Dear tay hut, dze naradzila meane ... (womb).
Native landowner, like a zmoranamu ... (pascel).
Myakchey native land, like a stranger ... (pyaryna).
Nyama is tastier than vadzitsy, yak z ... (native krynitsy).
Everyone is good, but at home ... (nailepsh).
Tsіkha guchyts melody “My native kut” to the words of Y. Kolas.
Vyaduchi 1. At eight o'clock our birth began on the unforgettable expressions of the native land. Smell these bright spamina meetings live in your hearts, call out bright pachuzzi, and sniff the skins of you admiring yourself to the sons of your own land.
Chytach. Hell wind gnuzza verbalose,
Byachyts daroga straight ahead.
My land is byalutkiya biarozy
Abapal blue crayfish.
Vyasna ў cut out the circle in the sky,
Lyatsya for the blue sky.
Don't forget, friend,
I'm burying my land, my native land.
My land - meadows and peraleski,
Krynitsy ringing and clear noise,
My land is black forests
On the slopes, the early ones are clear
Further guchyts melody “My native kut”
Tayamnitsy Belavezka Pushchy
Belavezhskaya fluff ... Dzіvosny for the charisma of the native nature, dze so much byaskontsa tayamnіchaga, dze bagaty and nі z chym are unparalleled and life-giving light.
Sonia, the whole world knows ab great, amal of the first-class dances of our Belavezha pushchi.
And what do we know?
(Zvarnuzza and pissant, hearing a few
admittedly).
And let's let's let's dig up the blocks at the tayamnitsa of the protected Pushcha forest.
Belavezka Pushcha is the oldest reserve near the Svece. Yana ahoўvaetstsa and lіchytstsa to the protected dzarzhau forests of Х1У stagodzia, kali prince Yagayla ab’yaviў yae zavvedny, pakіnuўshy right scorching for himself and his brothers Vitalds.
The fallow land has a hell of a shape, the Belavezha Pushcha has a lot of different names - the reserve, the reserve, the reserve-palyavn_chaya gaspadarka. From the beginning of 1991, Yana became the first national park in our country.
The borders of the fluffs were changing, the gaspadars were changing, and all the stagodzі yana was caught by the ahoўvaemai vyalіkakniazhaskay or the royal ulasnastsyu and the indestructible forest massifs.
At the chronicle of the Belavezka Pushcha, the days of the tsar's fire on 6 and 7 castry in 1860 were buried at the knots of four foreign princes and the adnego duke. Yes, the visit of the tsar was diligent. Ramantavali darogі, ladzіlі gatsі, navodzіlі masty. At the first day, the emperor Alexander 11 asabista shot seventeen years, he had four bison in his face. Imknіlіsya pokazat its hidden before the gaspadar and state. In 2 days, the vynіku had 28 bison and 68 other lives.
At the money of the getai slaughterhouse Alexander 11 made a memory of the pastor. Praz 2 bastards were adlit chigunna bison at natural size at the factory in Petsyarburg and installed in the village of Belavezha.
In an hour, the sign of Aliaksandr's 11 right-handed measures became traditional in Belavezha Pushcha. In 1888, the godze pushcha was transferred to the royal class sam'i. And in 1889, the Tsar's palace was built to pachaў Budavatsa's palace near the center of the Belavezka Pushcha - the Belavezha Paselka. Budaўnіtstvа іshlo 5 gadov. At the vynіku palats staў sapraўdnye creations arhіtekturnaga skill.
All 10 peoples of the Belavezha forest were cut out in the life. Budauniks coped with the past task - to create palaces for the woods of simple folks, cab geta would be a skill.
The Belavezha lyasy has been for centuries the months of inconsiderable battles, carvings and zhorstkі palyavanyaў z vіshchennym syago zhyvog.
At the hour of the fall of 1863, a ring of bison near the cannon was scarred by 377 adzinak, and the troops and the peasants scored for life.
At the end of 1915, the German army attacked the territory of the cannon. The newspapers used to say that the bison, who did not wipe out the Nazis and the zhorstkasts of people, rushed to the atrad, falling to the soldiers themselves. At the adkaz, they used razstrel bison from the kulamet.
In 1920, only the adzin bison remained in the stasis, in 1921 the aposhni were shot. Only in 1929, some bison were brought from Pushchu from the parks of Europe. From them, the ўknaўlenné sight was getting worse. In 1941, the godze (and a patch of avina) had already 19 bison at the pushcha.
At the hour of the first real war, kali pushcha was lying on the ground, Yana fell on the yashche and the unbowed pas of the zhorstkasts of the clearings of the laso. 4.5 million cubic meters were exported to Germany for two days. M. Drauniny, jumping, the most chestnut people. Geta amalstolki, since it was cut down ў fluff for ўsyu papyarednuyu history.
In 1919, the Pushcha came to the end of Poland, and the felling of the forest was practised. At the 20th reptiles, the British cut down the fluff.
In 1939, the territory of pushchy ў 129 thousand hectares of the adysh of the BSSR. In 1940, adpavedna z asobnai pastanovai usya terytoriya pushchy pavіnna was a state reserve. Ale, the war was growing, and the former history was rummaging. Cherveny 22, 1941 - the date that fell on the price of fluff and became a great tragedy. Yes, getaga for an hour vyalіki forest havai magily taken out here and smashed zhykharov.
At the hour of the summoning of the fires of the hell of the German-fascist zahopnіkaў ў to take out the military dzeyannyaў at night on the 16th of April 1944, the fire of the patsyarpeў іmperial palyаўnіchy of the palaces was lit up. Yes, the same “dapamagli” meat maradzers, cracked the most chestnuts.
Pa dagavor in 1945 ab dzyarzhaўnay myazhi pamіzh Poland and the USSR the entrance part of the fluff at times from the apiary of Belavezha and Poland. The rest of the hour is gone sprechki - what is the work of the palaces. Vyrashyli ўzarvats. It turned out that the work of the geta is not simple. Dynamіt z tsyazhkastsyu razburaў budynak, so it was motsna.
On the thought of specialists,
Gaspodz skhіlyaetstsa yes ўsіh, dy nіtsyh spirits Yon nya chue.
Nina Matsyash
True, bread is eaten and from woods, but not all and not here.
Yakub Kolas
Garshchok aghornuta pashanay, hots yon surname clay.
Yakub Kolas
Paet - yon scowl, like a ballyuchy guzak on the forehead of an abrazhanag to the people.
Ryhor Baradulin
Skin times chalavecstva is nearer and rushes to the heights of our graves.
Kastus Kalinouski
We are the main slaves of the law for the sake of tago, if you could be merciful and free.
Leў Sapieha
Skin people may hatsya b adzin brilliant work, and gety work - mova.
Ales Razanaў
Burn nya budze, for there were no cakes.
Uladzimer Nyaklyaev
Like hell, narajennya zvyary, who walks in the desert, knows the piles of pits; birds that fly near pavetra, know pile nests; fish that swim on the seas and rivers, smelling the wind on piles; bees and tym baronies vulle svae - so are people, dze grown and fed, and that month sluggish caress may.
Franciszek Skaryna
Skin chalavek wear the pile of the sky with yourself.
Uladzimer Karatkevich
Like a war on a vine, a gallows payment is blood, and a place of the one who is the least guilty.
Vasyl Bykaў
Be good to darose, which one you choose for yourself.
Yakub Kolas
Pakul dashes to the hellish school with books, go through taverns with garelkai.
Aliaksandar Yelskі
To be paetam means only any beloved fellow countrymen, and the platform of strong enemies of our land and freedom.
Larysa Geniyush
Wealthier is not the one who shmat pracue, but the one who knows how to be smarter.
Zyanon Paznyak
Yashche no one was able to close the gap of memory.
Uladzimer Arlow
Skin prazhyty zen adkidae that which is, and the next that which will be.
Kuzma Chorny
The cab of the sun is sent, the vushey of the aslans is small.
Kandrat Krapiva
The people can be gifted to the writers a lot, but I can be gifted with the watch, the kali grows yago forest.
Maxim Tank
Zusіm not hіstayutstsa silly, asablіva - a lump of dripping.
Janka Bryl
Not the people for the joy, but the joy for the people.
Kastus Kalinouski
Eternally yours will only be what you add.
Uladzimer Karatkevich
The spadchyn's litter doesn't stop.
Ryhor Baradulin
Who bachyў seven souls?
Igar Babkov
Pamiranne language is such a natural zyava, like a naradzhenne yae. It could be that on May 2010, nekalі pamre. I myself am a pamru, chalavek. I am not afraid of the natural seven. And from kali violent memory is terrible.
Jan Skrygan
It seems: evil is naraja evil. And now - yago naradjae nadzeya on adpushchenne graho.
Maxim Tank
Do not hesitate, like you, that I am overwhelmed.
Kazimer Svayak
Everything is good, only nothing needs work.
Aliaksandar Ulasau
He is confused to reason, who does not bestow himself ...
Genadz Buraўkin
Don’t be afraid, for which you can’t jump at the name of a thousand svaygo doubt.
Yazep Drazdovich
Abyyakava and minulaga in May any intellectual peravagі over life, and there are first candidates for the maral, and then for the physical seven. It’s all right, who is the geta - chalavek and people.
Uladzimer Karatkevich
Before the creatures of the seven skins I am a knight, but only a pilgrim-vandroon.
Makalai Kryshtaf Radzivil Sirotka
No matter how majestic the throne would be given, all the ass would sit on it.
Ryhor Baradulin
Dze sennya myazha pamizh free and nyavolya? Dze kryter, how can a free chalaveka hell a slave? Getaya myazha is not turma. Sennya ў turme can be more free, we smoke “in the wild”. Free my memory and snuggle at the first charga ў of ourselves.
Aўgen Kalubovich
For a simple chalavek, there is no big asaloda, like a zhyts at a pile of aichyne ў by nay beaspetsy, no beats and not a welder and a cab nothing yago does not znyaslavіў tsі pakalechyў or pakvapіўsya on yago dabro.
Leў Sapieha
Truth ў histories are an assigned function, these are timid lessons. I don’t learn any lessons from the slut, or the new slut.
Vasyl Bykaў
The last hour, and the photo is shchymіts.
Zyanon Paznyak
The slaves are not chakanae, the slaves, as if they were not, the slaves, as if I didn’t work for anyone - and then they will succeed.
Uladzimer Karatkevich
Good be to the kolas, but happy to the one who choked to be a cornflower. For our kalas, kali nyama cornflower?
Maxim Bagdanovich
Menavita natsyyanalnaya іdeya sparadzhae іdeyu palіtychnaga vybaru, vobiru freedom.
Vintsuk Vyachorka
Pratsent adkazny people at the grammar school naўrad qі motsna menyayetstsa. There are only fewer meetings for yourself and for yourself. You don’t infect the adt.
Vintsuk Vyachorka
Literary wealth of the emigrants stands out not only for what she has created, but also for what she has taken.
Alyaksey Kaўka
Survival - geta at any price, and zhyts - geta ўsё-tkі less tsі more confused.
Janka Bryl
At the origin of the skin of fear lie our nevedanne, our cement.
Yakub Kolas
Infirmities are treated and atrutami.
Maxim Bagdanovich
All the dear byaskontsy, the apracha of that one, like a vyadze on the grave.
Maxim Tank
Z Batskaushchynay - yak z kakhanai, be good at times, esci pa yae darogah, lyatse, kab ubachyts usu.
Zyanon Paznyak
I know people who are suffocated by hell in fear of lack of freedom.
Uladzimer Arlow
Byzdushnaya odnasts bitter for spiritual razednannye.
Petra Syaўruk
Nation - geta nіshto іnshae, like mіt great Nation.
Valiantsin Akudovich
People are chasing after riches not for tago, if they work for their neighbor good, but if they don’t work for anything, otherwise - that’s more bitter - kab shkodzіts.
Jan Barshcheўsky
Without chalavechnasci nya budze and eternity.
Pimen Panchanka
Chalavechae zhytsyo prahodzіts pomіzh uspaminam i nadzeyay.
Ignat Khodzka
Dzetsi - God's smile.
Uladzimer Karatkevich
Сьмерць кожны дзень ходзіць вакол, кожную хвіліну нішчыць і маладзенькія, і старыя формы жыцьця, і мы не зварачаем на гэта ўвагі, і толькі тады яна робіць моцнае ўражаньне, калі ўмірае хто блізкі або калі наваліцца мор і людзі пачынаюць уміраць агулам – тады чалавека ахоплівае zhah i yon ruining the head. І eight that tsіkava. Kali parashayutstsa drabyazgovyya are right, then the chalavek gatoў biting for the geta and biting his teeth; there, dze razbіvaetstsa herself asnova, pryntsyp, yon bend pile head and moўchkі padstaўlyae yae pad abukh.
Yakub Kolas
Zhytsyo dzіvosnae, kali and ўsyago are put like yes secrets.
Svyatlana Aleksievich
Might tam and pamirae hell nastalgіі chalavek, like a lively radzіme trampling on other people's grasses, lashyts of other people's flowers, smelling someone else's language of your own dzyatsey.
Yanka Sipakou
І fanatics, і bаzbozhnіkі, - hellish womb dzetsi - extreme ... Nyama zhytsya ў ekrynastsі ... None live, do not bloom at the vagni, nothing live, do not bloom at the maroze. Only between the flames and the frosts, everything has grown, everything has flourished, developed, beautiful.
Yazep Drazdovich
Make pamerts hell hunger, smog and shchastsya know about the blessings, chym succumbed to srabіts hots kama without courage, ty pains - kill the chalavek.
Jan Chachot
People don't live long.
Barys Piatrovich
Historical inventory of spare parts, for example, a leather jacket for your own details.
Maxim Tank
There is nothing eternal in life, more life is the most and couples.
Larysa Geniyush
Nothing is so different from karalianism and khutkaga I’ll take a fall and znishchennya, as if I stepped on faith.
Myaletsi Smatrytski
The shroud has no kіshenyaў.
Uladzimer Karatkevich
Chalavek, like a skin-chewing istota hell of God, narajaetstsa free.
Vasyl Bykaў
Oh, chalavek, chalavek! All the rows don’t dabittsa taba, adkul all over and that’s it…
Maxim Garetsky
Versh naradzhaetstsa not with ulasnaga “hachu”, but without zabaronnaga “hochazza”.
Ales Razanaў
Sprechki do not untie.
Yakub Kolas
Back nya priydze praising melting, into s quickly reckay swim away.
Yakub Kolas
Nyama, brothers, big time in this world, like a kali chalavek may rose and science ў galava.
Kastus Kalinouski
The biggest remembrance of God, that he made a chalaveka, as if he became a slaughterer ...
Maxim Tank
Hour - lyusterka, at yakіm skin ўbachyts syabe, yak іnshaga.
Ales Razanaў
Praise to the sensible is that they have wings, and to the fool - the stone of five.
Piatrus Broka
No faith, kali praklіnayutsya tsyabe ўsіh zvanіts. Yana is hidden praying, kissing you.
Maxim Tank
Gaspodz skhіlyaetstsa yes ўsіh, dy nіtsyh spirits Yon nya chue.
Nina Matsyash
Koran navukі gorki, dy lago yago salodkіya.
Yakub Kolas
Ryhor Baradulin
Without attacks and the abarons are no sapraudnae vines.
Yakub Kolas
Verstaў kіyami nya zlіchysh.
Uladzimer Dudzitski
I don’t fear such paetas, like muggles would write flatbread, but they would write pot.
Maxim Tank
I datul chalavek are alive, as long as their soul is spreading.
Ryhor Baradulin
The will is crying with wings, the slavish life is afraid, but the choice is more difficult.
Kastus Tarasau
Nyama beauty without a spazhytka, more beauty itself and that spazhytak for the soul.
Maxim Bagdanovich
Statutes of the patrimonial leather dzharzhave, like a whole.
Piotr Skarga
The stratum of love and piles of land is the most terrible thing that happened to us. Kryzіs is more terrible for themselves. The devaluation of the ruble is nothing like the devaluation of love.
Uladzimer Nyaklyaev
Menavita supratsіў natsіsku narajae pachutsyo freedom.
Jura Drakahrust
Chalavek - these are the rules that are laid down in the backyard shutdowns.
Fedar Yafimau
If you don't know how to make fun of yourself, then others will make fun of you.
Valiantsin Akudovich
Adchuvayu syabe lepsh, chym was, ale bitter, chym hatselas b.
Ryhor Baradulin
Poraham chalavek nya vyhavaesh.
Vasyl Bykaў
Shanuy someone else's as much as cursing, your own love and self-forgetfulness.
Pyatro Bitel
How the “Belarusian branch” grew up on the genealogical Pushkin tree
But who else could so ingeniously accurately say about the blood and spiritual kinship of Russians and Belarusians?! Of course, Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin. The roots of the family tree that connect the poet with Belarus originate in ancient Polotsk. Pushkin only once, and then only in transit, passed him. But the name of this ancient city, founded in the 9th century at the behest of Prince Rurik, is found more than once on the pages of Pushkin's manuscripts.
The city of Gorislava, Polotsk princess Rogneda, so named for her unfortunate fate, was called Polotsk. The chronicle preserved the sad story of the courtship of Prince Vladimir the Red Sun to the proud beauty Rogneda and her bitter marriage ...
This ancient legend was also known to Pushkin. But it was not given to the poet to know that both the Polotsk princess Rogneda, and the great Kyiv prince Vladimir, who once conquered Polotsk and by force took the beauty he loved as his wife, and their distant great-great-granddaughter, the princess of Vitebsk and Polotsk Alexandra Bryachislavna, who became the wife of the holy prince Alexander Nevsky, are connected with him - Alexander Pushkin - blood ties of kinship.
A “Belarusian branch” has grown up on the genealogical Pushkin tree.
"Old-timer" Polotsk is associated with the name of another progenitor of the poet, who gave him his sultry African blood - Abram Petrovich Hannibal. True, there is no mention of the stay of a dark-skinned great-grandfather in this Belarusian city in any of the countless works devoted to his extraordinary fate, full of ups and downs...
And yet I take the liberty of asserting that the little black boy, who at that time bore the name of Ibrahim, lived in Polotsk, and if Pushkin, who cherished the smallest details about his great-grandfather, knew about it, he would not fail to make a stop in this glorious city.
This is due to one mistake, connected with the year of baptism of the poet's great-grandfather and involuntarily repeated by Alexander Sergeevich.
Here is what Pushkin wrote in "The Beginning of an Autobiography" - notes on his own genealogy:
“My mother's family tree is even more curious. Her grandfather was a negro, the son of a sovereign prince. The Russian envoy in Constantinople somehow got him out of the seraglio, where he was kept by the amanat, and sent him to Peter the Great along with two other Arapchats. The sovereign baptized little Ibrahim in Vilna in 1707 with the Polish queen, the wife of Augusta ... ".
Undoubtedly, Pushkin drew this erroneous date from the so-called "German biography" of Hannibal, written down by the son-in-law of Abram Petrovich, the German Rotkirch, after the death of the tsar's black man. The year of baptism of Abram Gannibal is indicated by his biographer as 1707. But it was this named year that caused a lot of doubts, both among historians and Pushkinists. In 1707, neither the Polish King August II nor his wife Queen Christina-Ebergardina could be in Vilna (Vilnius). In February 1706, August II, betraying the alliance with Russia, concluded a separate peace with the Swedish king Charles XII. And only after the victorious Battle of Poltava in June 1709, friendly relations between the Russian and Polish monarchs were restored.
And again the poet’s notes about his great-grandfather: “In baptism he was named Peter, but as he wept and did not want to bear a new name, he was called Abram until his death.”
The surname Hannibal Abram Petrovich began to sign much later, in his mature years, the very first surname - Petrov, as well as a patronymic, was given in honor of the "August successor".
Pyotr Petrovich Petrov - this should have been the name of the royal godson. The arapchon turned out to be skittish and did not want to bear a name that he did not like. Yes, and he refused the surname given to him. He will leave only his patronymic in memory of Peter the Great, his godfather ...
It is known that Ibragim, among the “three araps of small robs”, was brought to Russia in the autumn of 1704 - the little “basurman” would obviously not have been kept as a non-Christ at the royal court for three long years.
So, the year is 1705. For several years now, Russia has been waging the Northern War with Sweden: Peter I is fighting for access to the Baltic Sea with his opponent, the Swedish king Charles XII. Polotsk, which at that time was part of the Commonwealth, became a strategically important city, it was through its lands that the Swedish detachments were supposed to move to connect with Hetman Mazepa. In February 1705, the Russian regiments, led by Prince Alexander Menshikov, set out on a campaign and set up a military camp near Polotsk. The sovereign himself goes to the places of possible military events and takes with him a smart and agile black boy.
When did Peter the Great baptize his black boy?
Let's try to restore the chronology of those ancient events. Let's open Pushkin's "History of Peter":
“The year 1705 ... Peter was about to go to Poland, but on May 5 he fell ill with a fever - and managed to leave not earlier than at the end of May. On the way to Polotsk, I looked around the garden and the church in the town of Mikalishki...
In Polotsk, Peter found Sheremetev, Ogilvy, Repnin, already united ...
On August 1, having given command over the army in Vilna to Ogilvy ... he himself went to Courland to pursue Levenhaupt.
The time frame is narrowing: Peter spent only two weeks in Vilna - the second half of July 1705. It was at this time that he baptized his pet!
Surprisingly, in Vilnius, on the facade of the Church of St. Paraskeva Pyatnitsa, a memorial plaque with an old text engraved on it has been preserved: “In this church, Emperor Peter the Great listened to a prayer of thanksgiving in 1705 for the victory over the troops of Charles XII, gave her the banner taken away in that victory from the Swedes, and baptized in it the African Hannibal - the grandfather of our famous poet A. S. Pushkin.
And, perhaps, Abram Petrovich himself left the most weighty evidence of his august godfather: "... And His Majesty in Lithuania in the city of Vilna in 1705 was my godfather from the holy fonts in the city of Vilna in 1705 ...".
Abram Petrovich had a chance to become a participant in many famous battles led by Peter the Great: the Battle of Poltava, the naval battle of Gangut, the Prut campaign.
The young black man was inseparable from the Sovereign, zealously fulfilling the duties of his batman and secretary. Peter answered his pet with sincere love and affection.
Pushkin is a serious historian. In the last years of his life, the poet was fascinated by the deeds and personality of Peter the Great, and all the information he obtained from the archives, where he worked selflessly, in his own words, literally "buried" in them. So there is no doubt about the reliability of historical facts and events.
It is worth noting that in 1707 Peter I again visited Vilna, and, very likely, he was also accompanied by a small black arap. But the route of the Russian tsar was completely different - Peter, accompanied by his retinue, left for Vilna from Warsaw. And Pushkin also mentions this in The History of Peter.
Apparently, therefore, the year of the baptism of his great-grandfather did not raise doubts among the poet.
There is a lot of evidence about the stay of the Russian tsar in Polotsk. Even the old house, where Peter I lived for almost a month, has been preserved. The stone one-story mansion, firmly rooted into the ground, stands on the banks of the Western Dvina, in the very historical heart of the city. Miraculously, he survived during the two most bloody wars - the Patriotic War of 1812 and the Great Patriotic War, which did not pass the ancient city.
A century ago, above the windows of the house, there was a stucco image of two (!) geniuses holding a ribbon with a Latin inscription engraved on it: “Petrus Primus. Anno Domini MDCCV" ("Peter the Great. Year of the Lord 1705"). Nowadays, only a memorial plaque on the wall of the old mansion testifies to the stay of Peter the Great in it.
But it was here in June 1705 that his favorite, little Ibrahim, was with the Russian Tsar! After all, the little black was inseparable from his high patron.
The boy had an unusually sensitive ear - for this reason the Emperor ordered the little black girl to sleep next to him in the royal bedroom or somewhere nearby. As the historian I.I. Golikov, young Hannibal, “no matter how soundly he slept, he always woke up and answered the first demand.”
And a little earlier in Polotsk, on June 29, the day of the holy apostles Peter and Paul, the thirty-three-year-old Russian tsar celebrated his name day and graciously accepted an invitation from the Jesuit fathers to dine with them. In honor of the august birthday man, during a toast to his well-being, volleys were fired from the cannons that stood in front of the entrance to the Collegium.
Once upon a time, the philosopher and theologian Simeon of Polotsk predicted the birth and great future of the Russian emperor by the stars. And the mentor of young Peter began his spiritual path not far from the mansion where his royal disciple lived in Polotsk - in the cells of the Epiphany Monastery and in the classes of the famous Fraternal School ...
On that significant day, the little African Ibrahim, for sure, stared with curiosity at the domes of Hagia Sophia, and at the slowly flowing Dvina at the foot of the hill, at the Jesuit Collegium and at the powerful rampart of the times of Ivan the Terrible.
Who would then undertake to predict that a little black girl who came from African shores to a northern country would become a famous person in the future? He will go down in the history of Russia as a skilled engineer, mathematician, fortifier, who contributed to its prosperity with his labors.
... Grew up, zealous, incorruptible,
The king is a confidante, not a slave.
Fate will prepare an unusual fate for the godson of the Russian Tsar - to become the great-grandfather of one of the greatest poets on earth. And centuries later, in the house where little Hannibal lived, a library will be opened, on the shelves of which there will be poetic volumes of his great great-grandson.
And another paradox of history. The greatness of the state accomplishments of Peter I did not overshadow, it would seem, such a small thing - the participation of the emperor in the fate of his godson, an Arab child.
It is strange even to think now, what if the Russian tsar would not have come up with a strange idea - to bring outlandish Arabs to Russia ?! Not only domestic culture, but the whole history of Russia would be different.
No, a thousand times right was Marina Tsvetaeva, who called this royal whim, a whim, the greatest deed of Peter. An immortal gift for all time.
... And now the museum exposition "Walk along Nizhnyaya Pokrovskaya" is located in the Polotsk house of Peter I. And it is worth remembering that three centuries ago, along this old street leading to the St. Sophia Church, the little black Ibrahim walked with his high patron.
Old Polotsk, by some whim of fate, became that timeless crossroads where the paths of the Russian Tsar, Alexander Pushkin and his black great-grandfather converged.
And another Belarusian city of Bobruisk can rightfully be called Pushkin's - it is associated with the life of the poet's granddaughter Natalia Pushkina.
She was born in St. Petersburg, in August 1859, in the family of Alexander Alexandrovich Pushkin, the eldest son and favorite of the poet. Natalya Nikolaevna Pushkina-Lanskaya still had time to rejoice at her birth, - in honor of the illustrious grandmother, the newborn was named.
In her youth, Natalya Pushkina fell in love with the staff captain Pavel Vorontsov-Velyaminov, a hero of the Russian-Turkish war, a military officer who served in the regiment under her father. The feeling was reciprocal - they soon played a wedding. And after some time, Pavel Arkadyevich resigned, and the young spouses left for his family estate in Vavulichi (now the village of Dubrovka) near Bobruisk. And in Bobruisk itself, the Vorontsov-Velyaminovs had a house famous for its hospitality.
Natalya Alexandrovna was distinguished by many talents: she drew beautifully (her romantic landscapes were preserved), sang Belarusian folk songs and even wrote poetry. True, secretly, she never published them anywhere, remembering the order of her great grandfather: do not engage in poetry!
She was loved by the surrounding peasants for her gentleness, her constant readiness to help her neighbor not only in word, but also in deed. Natalya Alexandrovna helped the peasants with bread and grain, lent them money to buy livestock or build a house, and treated the sick.
Through her efforts, a church was erected in the nearby village of Telusha, and a school for peasant children was built. And Natalya Aleksandrovna also arranged New Year trees for the children, where everyone was sure to have a Christmas present in store. A library appeared in the village, which burned down during the last war.
But in Bobruisk, the city library still operates, opened in 1901 with the most active participation of the poet's granddaughter and bearing the name of Pushkin.
Natalya Alexandrovna enjoyed truly universal respect and love. And all her children born in Belarus (Maria, Sophia, Mikhail, Theodosius, Vera) inherited the kindness and honesty of their mother.
The poet's granddaughter found her last refuge on Belarusian soil - Natalya Alexandrovna was buried not far from St. Nicholas Church, in a village with an unusually warm name Telusha. Her memory is still sacredly kept in these places.
So the “kinship formula” of Russians and Belarusians, derived by Pushkin, is confirmed not only by history, but by the very life of the grandchildren and great-grandchildren of the Russian genius.
Especially for "Century"
