The power of Carthage at the beginning of the 3rd century BC. Carthage (Phoenician. Kartadasht, literally - new city) is a city-state in North Africa that subjugated. Carthage's army was mainly mercenary

Slide 5

I Punic War (264 – 241 BC):

Reason: the desire of Rome and Carthage to capture the island of Sicily Results: 1) Carthage lost the war 2) Carthage lost its possessions in Sicily and Sardinia 3) Carthage must pay a large indemnity

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Hannibal:

“I swear that I will never be a friend of the Romans and will do them as much harm as I can.” Hannibal was true to his word until his death.

Slide 7

Crossing the Alps:

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Varro (4 thousand) Aemilius Paulus (2 thousand) Battle order of the Romans Battle order of the Carthaginians Ganon (2 thousand) Gazdrubal (8 thousand) In 216 BC, Rome assembled a new army, led by 2 consuls Lamy-Varro and Aemilius Paulus The Roman army overtook Hannibal near the village of Cannae, where he captured a Roman food warehouse. The Romans had a 2-fold superiority and, hoping to win an easy victory, decided to give battle to Varro, who was thirsty for battle, and built the legions very tightly, almost in a square, hoping to deliver a crushing blow. The cavalry, commanded by both consuls, was located on the flanks. Hannibal, guessing about the tactics of the Romans, built the main forces under his command in a convex semicircle. THE BATTLE OF CANNES (261 BC) Lightly armed infantry stood in front, but the ends of the sickle were very strong - heavily armed infantry and cavalry.

Slide 9

Varro (4 thousand) Aemilius Paulus (2 thousand) The battle order of the Romans The battle order of the Carthaginians Ganon (2 thousand) Gazdrubal (8 thousand) The battle began with a Roman attack on the center of the Carthaginian position. At the same time, Hannibal's brother, Gazdrubal, struck with his cavalry on the right flank of the Roman army. BATTLE OF CANNES (261 BC)

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Ganon (2 thousand) Gazdrubal defeated the cavalry on the right flank of the Romans and attacked their left flank. BATTLE OF CANNES (261 BC)

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Ganon (2 thousand) His attack was supported by Hannibal’s 2nd commander, Ganon, and almost the entire Roman cavalry was destroyed. BATTLE OF CANNES (261 BC)

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Hannibal reorganized his troops and launched outflanking attacks with heavily armed infantry, trying to encircle the Romans. BATTLE OF CANNES (261 BC)

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BATTLE OF CANNES (261 BC) Soon the encirclement was completed, and the Roman army was destroyed within half a day.

Slide 14

Roman weapons:

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Slide 16

Reasons: 1) Carthage wanted to return lost possessions and former naval power in the Western Mediterranean 2) the desire for Roman dominance in the Western Mediterranean. Results: 1) Carthage lost its possessions outside Africa 2) lost its navy 3) had to pay Rome a large sum of money. Battle of Cannes:

Slide 17

Slide 18

Let's summarize the lesson:

Questions on page 220

Slide 19

Homework:

Paragraph 47, notes, questions, workbook

View all slides

Abstract

�PAGE � �PAGE �1�

Ancient history lesson in 5th grade on the topic: “The Second War of Rome with Carthage”

Material prepared by a history teacher

Budinskaya secondary school, Tver region

Antonenkova A.V.

Goals: (seq. 2)- get acquainted with the main events and results of the Punic Wars

Find out the reasons and course of military events

Learn to reason, compare, draw conclusions

Equipment:

During the classes:

1. Organizational start of the lesson.

2. Checking homework

3. Communicate the topic and objectives of the lesson.

Lesson plan: (page 3)

Hannibal's troops invade

to Italy.

2. Battle of Cannes.

3. End of the war.

4. Studying new material.

1) teacher's story:

After the Romans subjugated Italy, they made preparations to capture the fertile island of Sicily. Their attempts to capture this island were opposed

city ​​of Carthage.

Where is this city located? (In North Africa) (page 4)

Carthage is a powerful power in the Western Mediterranean. The colony once founded by the Phoenicians was located at the intersection of the main sea routes. In addition, Carthage had vast lands in North Africa, it owned part of Spain and islands in the Mediterranean Sea. It was a center for the exchange of handicrafts. The Carthaginians exported purple, ivory, slaves, ostrich feathers, gold sand for sale, and from Spain they brought silver and salted fish, from Sardinia - bread, from Sicily - olive oil, Greek artistic products, from Egypt - ceramics and carpets. The Carthaginians had a large army. Which consisted of mercenaries and a strong navy, in which there were many penter- large, fast ships with five rows of oars on each side.

Nevertheless, Rome managed to win the first war with Carthage and take possession of Sicily.

Rome owned the other part of the island of Sicily. Here the interests of the two powers collided. Both Rome and Carthage sought to capture the rich island. Since the Romans called the Carthaginians Punics, the wars between Rome and Carthage were called “Punic”

- First Punic War (264-241 BC) (page 5)

Cause: the desire of Rome and Carthage to capture the island of Sicily

Results:

1) Carthage lost the war

2) Carthage lost its possessions in Sicily and Sardinia

3) Carthage must pay a large indemnity

Without waiting for the Romans to attack, the young and talented Carthaginian commander Hannibal was the first to strike.

- (sl. 6) From childhood, Hannibal prepared for war with the Romans. When he was 9 years old. His father, going on a hike, asked: “Do you want to go with me to Spain? The nine-year-old boy readily agreed. Then Gemilkar led his son to the altar. “Stretch your hand over the altar,” said his father, “and repeat after me.” And the boy said after him: “I swear that I will never be a friend of the Romans and will do them as much harm as I can.” Hannibal was true to his word until his death.

-(sl. 7) Coming out of Spain in 218 BC. at the head of a selected army, he approached the Alps five months later. His army was horrified when they saw the mountains. There were no good roads, there was snow on the passes. For 15 whole days the army climbed up and then went down. People and animals fell down. But Hannibal did not spare anyone. He wanted to leave these mountains as soon as possible. After all, it was cold here even in summer, and now it was September. He gave them a few hours to sleep, and then they were on their way again. At the halt, only frostbitten corpses of people and animals remained. When Hannibal crossed the Alps, he lost more than half of his warriors.

When they found themselves in the valley of the Po River, Hannibal met Gaul tribes there. HE announced to them: “We are fighting only with the Romans, other peoples are our friends!”

The Gauls gave Hannibal food and horses and joined his army.

When the Romans learned the shocking news of Hannibal's advance, the Senate ordered troops to stop Hannibal's advance. But he managed to defeat the Romans in several battles, and the path to Rome was open.

But Hannibal understood that he could not take a well-fortified city and moved to the south of the country.

BUT Rome managed to gather a large army led by two consuls. They overtook the enemy near the city of Cannes, where the battle took place.

2) work according to the textbook:

Page 218-220 – Battle of Cannes

(sl. 8-13) (reading and sketching the battle diagram)

(pages 14 – 15)

3) teacher's story:

Philip V waged war against Rome and its allies for 10 years, starting in 215 BC. The fighting proceeded with varying success, in one battle the Macedonians gained the upper hand, in the other their opponents. The parties tried to attract more and more forces to their camp. So the Romans concluded an anti-Macedonian treaty with the Aetolian League and with Pergamum, and Philip with the Achaeans. In 205 BC. After many battles, the parties sat down at the negotiating table. The Romans managed to prevent the Macedonians from invading Italy and came to the aid of Hannibal. And although in the end a number of territories in Illyria were ceded to Philip V, his supremacy in the league of Greek states was shaken.

The Carthaginians did not achieve success in Spain either, where from 215 BC. the Scipio brothers won several victories over Hasdrubal and Mago. As if in mockery of the skilled Carthaginian sailors, the Romans also successfully operated on sea communications. The fleet, commanded by the praetor Titus Otacilius, plundered the Carthaginian possessions in Africa, and on the way back defeated an enemy military caravan and captured 7 ships.

Things turned out differently in Sicily. In 214-213 BC. The troops of Carthage, together with the army of Syracuse, inflicted a number of defeats on the Romans. The situation changed after the arrival of the experienced commander Marcellus in the army, who was able to turn the tide of hostilities and even besiege Syracuse. But hopes for a quick fall of the huge city were not justified; he continued to repel all attacks of the attackers. The greatest damage to the Roman troops was caused by the machines of Archimedes, who was one of the organizers of the defense. Syracuse was taken only by deception in 212 BC.

After the capture of Syracuse, fighting on the island continued for another two years. The Carthaginians remained strong, but their army was undermined by internal strife. Hannibal sent the Libyan Muttin to help Hanno, who became the head of a detachment of Numidians. His cavalry fought quite effectively against the Roman troops, using lightning attacks and retreats. Muttin's successes displeased Ganno. He succeeded in removing Muttin from command, although the Numidians continued to successfully suppress the actions of the Romans until 210 BC. The dismissed Libyan entered into an alliance with Rome. Together, they were able to oust the Carthaginians from the island and completely take possession of Sicily.

Hannibal's position in Italy remained difficult. Major victories were followed by protracted battles without tangible results. In 212 BC. Hannibal was able to occupy the important southern coast port of Tarentum, but lost Capua in 211 BC, which seriously affected Hannibal's authority as a military commander and political leader.

In 210 BC. Hannibal defeated the Romans at the Battle of Gerdonia. During the battle, he again sent cavalry to the enemy’s rear, the blow of which decided the outcome of the battle. The subsequent Battle of Numistron failed to reveal a winner. The Carthaginians retreated. The displacement of Hannibal's troops in Apulia allowed the Romans to take Tarentum. The battle near Canusium ended in defeat for the Carthaginians. The elephants, sent forward by the troops, began to crush the Romans, but, bombarded with darts, they began to run, crushing Hannibal's soldiers. In 208 BC. The Carthaginians managed to destroy the brilliant Roman commander Marcellus, but their strength was undermined by continuous skirmishes with the consular armies. There was still hope for reinforcements from Spain.

- (page 18) The decisive battle took place on October 19, 202 BC. 80 km from the city of Zama. Carthage had 30-35 thousand infantry, 4-5 thousand horsemen and 80 elephants. Scipio has about 30 thousand infantry and 6,600 horsemen. Hannibal formed his infantry in three lines, with elephants in front and cavalry on the flanks. Scipio positioned his troops so that the enemy's elephants could easily pass through the battle formations. At the beginning of the battle, Hannibal moved his elephants towards the Romans. But the attack was unsuccessful; the untrained animals were driven away with pipes and pelted with darts. The surviving elephants trampled their own infantry. The Numidian cavalry was able to defeat the Carthaginian cavalry and go behind Hannibal's infantry. This blow led to a quick outcome - the surrounded Carthaginian army was defeated, and its commander fled.

In 201 BC. A peace was concluded, as a result of which Carthage was deprived of its fleet, lost the right to wage war and was forced to pay tribute to Rome for 50 years. But the confrontation did not end there. The final act of the drama took place half a century later.

Let's write in our notebook:

II Punic War (page 16)

Causes:

1) Carthage wanted to regain lost possessions and former naval power in the Western Mediterranean

2) the desire for Roman dominance in the Western Mediterranean.

Main events:

218 BC - invasion of Hannibal's troops

216 BC - Battle of Cannes

202 BC - Battle of Zama

1) Carthage lost its possessions outside Africa

2) lost his navy

3) had to pay Rome a large sum of money.

5. Summing up the lesson:

6. Homework:

Paragraph 47, questions, notes

�PAGE � �PAGE �1�

Ancient history lesson in 5th grade

Danilov D.D. and others. General history. 5th grade. History of the Ancient World § 35

Slide 2

DEFINE THE PROBLEM

The Romans conquered Italy, and that Carthage was just a city, albeit on the other side of the sea, but with such an army the Romans easily dealt with this enemy

Not everything is so simple... Carthage was much stronger and richer than Rome and Italy combined

• Compare the opinions of Antoshka and the scientists. What contradiction is observed?
• What is the question? Compare it with the author's

Slide 3

• WHY DID ROME DEFEAT CARTHAGE?
• YOUR FORMULATION OF THE PROBLEM MAY NOT COICH THE AUTHOR'S. PLEASE CHOOSE THE FORMULATION IN CLASS THAT IS MOST INTERESTING TO YOU!

Slide 4

LET'S REMEMBER WHAT WE KNOW

Required level. Write the concept based on these characteristics in the box.

Form of government

The highest authorities are elected by citizens

Program level. Write down the name of the civilization to which this concept corresponds.

Slide 5

Required level. Fill in the missing words.

_____________________________________

A closely packed formation of infantry in several lines is called ________

The basic unit of the Roman army, divided into centuries, is called __________________________________________

Software level. Compose two sentences on the topics studied using the words that were entered at the required level.

Slide 6

Required level. Formulate and write down the main reasons for the Roman victories of the 5th–4th centuries. BC.

Slide 7

DISCOVERING NEW KNOWLEDGE

1. VALOR VERSUS GOLD

2. TALENT VERSUS TENABILITY

Slide 8

VALOR VS GOLD

Required level. Why did the Romans, after conquering Italy, turn their attention to the island of Sicily? Why was it so important for the Romans to conquer Sicily?

Slide 9

Software level. Write down what allowed the Romans to win the 1st Punic War.

Slide 10

Software level. Formulate the definition of “province” in your own words and check yourself in the dictionary.

Slide 11

TALENT VERSUS TENABILITY

Software level. Using the text of the textbook (§ 35, paragraph 2), make a list of the reasons for the victory of the Romans in the 2nd Punic War and write it in the table.

Program level. Support each reason with an argument and write them down in a table.

Slide 12

VALOR VS GOLD

Slide 13

Slide 14

TALENT VERSUS TENABILITY

Program level. What qualities of the Roman character do you, a citizen of modern Russia, seem worthy of imitation, and which do not?

Transformation of Rome into a world power. Road construction. Peninsula. The groan is fatal. Geese saved Rome. Roman. Mediterranean Sea. Punic War. Shield. Crossing the Alps. Causes of wars. Inland lake. Sicily. Cannes. Crossword. Battle tower. Ram. Scipio. Conquest of Italy. Punic Wars. Battle of Cannes. Roman army. Siege of the city. Pyrrhic victory.

“War of Rome with Carthage” - Battle of Lake Trasimene. Roman weapons. Battle of Cannes. Organization of the army. Siege machines. African Scipio. Battle of Zama. First Punic War. Results of the Second Punic War. Battle tactics. Results of the wars. III Punic War. Punic Wars. Hannibal's crossing of the Alps. "Hannibal's Oath" Three times a month the army made forced marches of 30 km. Content. Quinquerema (Pentera) - warship of the Carthaginians and Romans.

"The History of the Revolt of Spartacus" - Lucullus of Macedonia. Sources of slavery in Ancient Rome. Image of Spartacus. Selling a slave. Gladiator fights. Gladiator armor. Statue of Marcus Crassus. Use of slave labor. Roman army. Ancient Roman mosaics. Rebel camp on Mount Vesuvius. The size of Spartacus's army. Spartacus at the gladiator school. The descent of the rebel slaves from Vesuvius. Capturing prisoners in wars. Fortifications of the Roman troops. Spartak died in the last battle.

“The period of the Roman Republic” - Select the features that reveal the concept of “civilization.” Read an excerpt from the Gospel of Matthew. Which states was Rome able to subjugate? Where is Italy located? Christianity and modernity. What were the sources of slavery in the Ancient World. Chronology of Ancient Rome. Rome. What kind of government system can be called democratic? What meaning did slaves put into the concept of “freedom?” Remember the structure of the Roman Republic.

"The Revolt of Spartacus in Ancient Rome" - "The Rebellion of Spartacus." Causes of the uprising. Progress of the uprising. Composition of the rebels. Modern drawing. Causes of defeat. Quotes. Goals of the uprising. Slave collar. Biography. Slave labor. Spartacus was one of the greatest commanders of his time. Wounded Spartak. The revolt of Spartacus echoed throughout the ancient world. Chronology. Execution of rebel slaves. Rise of Spartacus. Spartacus (120 BC - 71 BC), leader of the largest slave revolt in Ancient Rome.

“Land Law of the Gracchi” - In what year was Gaius Gracchus elected tribune of the people. The struggle for Land Law and the death of Tiberius Gracchus. Why did senators resist the adoption and implementation of the land law? The reasons for the ruin of the peasants. Why the land reform of the Gracchus brothers was doomed to failure. Why is Guy Krakhus called the successor of his brother’s work? Land law. Murder of Tiberius Gracchus. Write an essay on behalf of Tiberius or Gaius Gracchus.