Sverdlovsk embankment. Embankment Sverdlovskaya Sverdlovskaya Embankment
In 1782, being in great need of money, A. G. Teplov sold his father's dacha to a prominent dignitary of the Catherine's time, Alexander Andreevich Bezborodko (1747-1799).A. A. Bezborodko was born in Ukraine in the family of a military official. He received his education at the Kyiv Theological Academy and was assigned to the office of the Governor-General of Malorosia P. A. Rumyantsev. His activities covered many areas of public life. Most of the nominal decrees and orders of Catherine II came from the pen of A. A. Bezborodko, who became the empress’s favorite speaker on the affairs of all departments. Advisor A. A. Bezborodko acquired not only the manor’s house with people and arable land, but also half of the water area .. In 1782, being in great need of money, A. G. Teplov sold his father's dacha to a prominent dignitary of the Catherine's time, Alexander Andreevich Bezborodko (1747-1799).
A. A. Bezborodko was born in Ukraine in the family of a military official. He received his education at the Kyiv Theological Academy and was assigned to the office of the Governor-General of Malorosia P. A. Rumyantsev. His activities covered many areas of public life. Most of the nominal decrees and orders of Catherine II came from the pen of A. A. Bezborodko, who became the empress's favorite speaker on the affairs of all departments.
Advisor A. A. Bezborodko acquired not only the manor house with people and arable land, but also half of the water area opposite the site. The boundaries of the estate ran roughly between modern and avenues.
According to the will of the new owner, the house was completely rebuilt. Giacomo Quarenghi (?) completed it with a triangular pediment. The composition of the building is traditional for classicism: the main house is set in the back of the site, and open galleries, curved in plan, connect it with symmetrical outbuildings located on the sides. The three-storey middle part is flanked by round towers with belvedere towers. To the left stood a rotunda, surrounded by columns. There was a source of clean drinking water in it, coming from a key more than a kilometer away from the estate. In front of the building was arranged with a grotto and descents to the water, decorated with granite vases and statues of sphinxes.
Bezborodko installed cannons on the embankment opposite the country house and celebrated the victory of Russian weapons during the campaign of a new Russian-Turkish war 1787-1791. The count arranged big holidays at the dacha, fireworks, illuminations and folk festivals.
Behind the house was a garden in the English style with bushes, winding paths, canals, islands, pavilions. In the garden there was a beautiful temple of 12 pillars supporting the dome, in which stood a copper statue.
Since 1787, Count Alexander Andreevich lived in the country. The interior of the house was distinguished by exquisite luxury.
Here Bezborodko met the Empress more than once, famous people all over St. "lucullus feasts". In the large hall on the second floor there was a harpsichord ordered from England, to the accompaniment of which the famous singer Davio, one of the dignitary's passions, sang.
Bezborodko was a great admirer of the “fair sex”, as the historian of St. Petersburg M.I. the real oriental harem.
Count Alexander Andreevich Bezborodko had a high artistic taste, and left behind a collection of paintings and other works of art, which was then considered perhaps the richest and the only one in Russia. Under his tutelage were P. K. Khemnitser, V. V. Kapnist, G. R. Derzhavin. Radishchev, Fonvizin visited his dacha, the poet and architect N.A. Lvov lived.
The authorship of the Bezborodko dacha was assigned to the architect Quarenghi for a long time, but some details indicate the possible authorship of N.A. Lvov, an architect close to the Count. For example, the famous fence, which is a sculpture of twenty-nine identical lions holding heavy cast-iron chains in their teeth. Each lion sits on a square-section pedestal, and under them is a common foundation made of Pudozh stone. In such numbers in St. Petersburg lions are represented only here. Behind the lions, separating them from the house, there is a simple fence made of vertical rods. The fence is almost completely repeated in the Razumovsky estate in Moscow on the Yauza River.
Editor's note:
According to the guide "Monuments of history and culture of Leningrad, which are under state protection." Under general edition Skvortsova B.M., Usanova B.P., Stroyizdat. Leningrad branch. 1985, page 57, G. Quarenghi added side wings and galleries, and a cast-iron fence with sculptures of lions appeared only in the first half of the 19th century. Sverdlovsk embankment
On May 8, 1938, the embankment was named after Ya. M. Sverdlov. Yakov Mikhailovich Sverdlov (1885-1919), the son of the owner of an engraving workshop, joined the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party at the age of 16. He was one of the organizers of the October armed uprising. On November 8, 1917, he was elected chairman of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee, that is, he actually became the leader of the country. Sverdlov had real power and no less influence than Lenin and Trotsky. His amazing capacity for work allowed him to hold the threads of governing the country in his hands and deal with several puzzling problems at once, in particular, the creation of a new state mechanism from scratch. In March 1919, returning from Kharkov, where he participated in the All-Ukrainian Congress of Soviets, Sverdlov fell ill with influenza and died on March 16. He was buried near the Kremlin wall. Editor's note: According to the reference books "WHY ARE THEY NAMED THIS?" K. S. Gorbachevich, E. P. Khablo, Lenizdat 198 .. On May 8, 1938, the embankment was named after Ya. M. Sverdlov.
Yakov Mikhailovich Sverdlov (1885-1919), the son of the owner of an engraving workshop, joined the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party at the age of 16. He was one of the organizers of the October armed uprising. On November 8, 1917, he was elected chairman of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee, that is, he actually became the leader of the country. Sverdlov had real power and no less influence than Lenin and Trotsky. His amazing capacity for work allowed him to hold the threads of governing the country in his hands and deal with several puzzling problems at once, in particular, the creation of a new state mechanism from scratch.
In March 1919, returning from Kharkov, where he participated in the All-Ukrainian Congress of Soviets, Sverdlov fell ill with influenza and died on March 16. He was buried near the Kremlin wall.
Editor's note:
According to guides And Leningrad, second edition. Compiled by: Vityazeva V. A., Kirikov B. M., Lenizdat, 1986 p. 355, the embankment was renamed in 1925 at the request of the workers located in this part of the city.
Yakov Mikhailovich Sverdlov - Soviet state and party leader. After the Prague Conference, Ya. M. Sverdlov, who was then in exile, was co-opted in absentia as a member of the Central Committee of the Party and introduced to the Russian Bureau of the Central Committee. Particularly important was the role of the secretary of the Central Committee Ya. M. Sverdlov in Petrograd in the summer of 1917, when V. I. Lenin had to hide from the bloodhounds of the Provisional Government. Ya. M. Sverdlov prepared the convocation of the VI Congress of the RSDLP (b), at which he delivered an organizational report to the Central Committee of the party. He presided over the historic meetings of the Central Committee on October 10 and 16, where a decision was made on an armed uprising. Immediately after victory October revolution Ya. M. Sverdlov was elected chairman of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee - the first president of the first socialist republic.
(from the handbook "WHY ARE THEY NAMED THIS?" K. S. Gorbachevich, E. P. Khablo, Lenizdat 1985, p. 341)
.Vladimirovich A.G., Erofeev A.D. 2009 .Sverdlovsk embankment
On April 16, 1887, the embankment on the right bank of the Neva between Kushelevsky Lane (now part of Piskarevsky Prospekt) and Arsenalnaya Street was named Polyustrovskaya, after the Polyustrovo area, near which it passes. On May 8, 1938, the embankment was named after Ya. M. Sverdlov.
Yakov Mikhailovich Sverdlov (1885–1919), the son of the owner of an engraving workshop, joined the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party at the age of 16. He was one of the organizers of the October armed uprising. On November 8, 1917, he was elected chairman of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee, that is, he actually became the leader of the country. Sverdlov had real power and no less influence than Lenin and Trotsky. His amazing capacity for work allowed him to hold the threads of governing the country in his hands and deal with several puzzling problems at once, in particular, the creation of a new state mechanism from scratch. In March 1919, returning from Kharkov, where he participated in the All-Ukrainian Congress of Soviets, Sverdlov fell ill with the flu and died. He was buried near the Kremlin wall.
On August 14, 1958, a section from Piskarevsky Prospekt to Bolshaya Porokhovskaya Street (at that time starting from the Neva) was attached to the embankment, which previously belonged to Bolsheokhtinsky Prospekt. In 1963, construction began on the next section of the embankment, up to the mouth of the Okhta River. Once, on the plans of the 18th century, this section was designated as Okhtenskaya Embankment (until 1956, the word “Okhtensky” was written through the letter “e”), during the construction process it was called Bolsheokhtinskaya, and on July 5, 1971, it was officially annexed to Sverdlovsk. After the construction of the Malookhtinsky bridge across the Okhta in 1984, the embankment was extended further south, to the Bolsheokhtinsky bridge, but on August 14, 2007, this section went to the Malookhtinsky embankment.
Petersburg in street names. The origin of the names of streets and avenues, rivers and canals, bridges and islands. - St. Petersburg: AST, Astrel-SPb, VKT
SVERDLOVSKAYA embankment
So it was renamed in 1925 Polyustrovskaya embankment. It was continued in 1958 and 1971. Now it runs from Arsenalnaya Street to Krasnogvardeiskaya Square. Yakov Mikhailovich Sverdlov (1885-1919) - Soviet statesman and party leader, chairman of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee.
Why are they so named? On the origin of the names of streets, squares, islands, rivers and bridges in Leningrad. - L .: Lenizdat
.Gorbachevich K. S., Khablo E. P. 1967 .
