Nibiru. Who needed to intimidate us? What is space-time
Scenario for the Day of Aviation and Cosmonautics
"Road to Space"
Goals: to form students' knowledge about the formation of astronautics, about the first flights into space; promote moral and patriotic education of students; instilling a sense of pride and respect for Russian cosmonautics; expanding horizons; development cognitive activity, communication skills.
Reader.
I would like to fly to the moon
Plunge into the unexplored world.
And like a beautiful dream
Touch the brightest star.
Fly to distant orbits
Dimensions unknown to all of us,
Where the mysterious space keeps
Many secrets of the vast universe.
Visit other planets
Which science does not know about.
And to see unearthly creatures, -
That they fly on strange saucers.
Ask how they live there
Is there autumn, winter or summer,
For what purpose do they always fly to us -
To a godforsaken planet...
Everyone always dreams of something
And they want to achieve something.
Only space, alas, never
Doesn't want to open up...
Leading.
The mysterious world of stars and planets has attracted the attention of people since ancient times. But it became closer and more accessible only with the penetration of man into outer space.
Leading.
On April 12, our country celebrates Cosmonautics Day. This is a national holiday. It seems familiar to us that spaceships start from the Earth. Dockings of spacecraft take place in high celestial distances. Cosmonauts live and work in space stations for months, automatic stations go to other planets. Can you say "what's so special about it"?
Leading.
For centuries, people have dreamed of flying to the stars. Space flights were talked about as science fiction. And in 1960, a series of flights of spacecraft with automatic control was carried out, the "passengers" of which were animals.
Host (with music) space kosmonavtiki
Finally, on April 12, 1961, at 9:00 7 minutes Moscow time, the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan launched spaceship"Vostok", on board of which there was a person. Having circled the Earth in 108 minutes, the ship landed on the Volga land near Saratov. Yu.A. became the first cosmonaut in the world. Gagarin.
Reader 1.
When he returned to earth
Finished stellar business
So white-toothed smiled
The smile was so warm!
Reader 2.
There is only kindness and strength in it,
There is not an ounce of superiority.
As if the grove radiated
Birch lake light.
Reader 3.
She united wisely
Movement of will and mind.
So sunny frosty morning
Laughing Russian winter.
Reader 4.
She, like a miracle, opened up to us,
And such was its scope,
Such sincerity sparkled
In slightly squinted eyes!
Leading.
And his smile is immortal. And it became a symbol. He smiled at the world. He smiled at the people. He smiled here on Earth when he returned home. He smiled at our planet, rejoiced at the sun, forests, fields. And he told the earthlings: “Take care of the Earth, it is beautiful and small!” yes, small. Yes, beautiful. And the small and beautiful planet, the only one where there are flowers, streams, birches, where there is laughter, smiles, love - must be protected, protected, protected!
Reader.
Heroes will rush to the stars again.
And they will live forever and ever.
He is the first, like the first love,
Both in memory and in the heart of a person.
Reader.
He was the first to return!
The world shuddered and choked,
In a wild roar of applause,
slogans and demonstrations.
The world, of course, was in shock!
It's him, the Soviet guy,
With a white smile.
Wave of the hand. And the violins fell silent.
Leading.
Gagarin was the first earthling to make a space flight on the Vostok spacecraft. For this feat he was awarded the title of Hero Soviet Union, and the day of Gagarin's flight into space was declared a holiday - Cosmonautics Day.
Leading.
However, Gagarin did not want to stop there, he was preparing for new flights. A tragic accident during one of the training flights on a jet plane ended the life of the first cosmonaut on the planet. But the people of the earth will always remember Yuri Gagarin.
Leading.
A nationwide mourning was declared in the USSR. This was the first time in the history of the USSR when a day of mourning was declared in the event of the death of a person who was not the current head of state at the time of death.
Reader.
March mourned and melted snowflakes
From the sadness of the Dnieper vines,
And burning tears flowed
On the cheeks of weeping birches.
The sky was pinkish blue
Groves and fields fell silent -
Grieved for her dead son
Most of all Smolensk land.
Ate Kremlin gloomy
In the latter stand guard ...
How long have you met Yuri?
In the April victory rumble?
Then he entered into immortality
Earthly and heavenly at once...
Swallowing wormwood, do not believe
That the gray-eyed hero died.
Song "Tenderness". On the screen slide show about Gagarin.
Leading.
Many years have passed since the start of Yuri Gagarin. During this time, much has changed in astronautics: technology, crew training, and work in orbit. They work in space now for a long time. The ships go into the sky one by one. Satellites and spaceships circle the planet.
Leading.
Pilots were the first cosmonauts. Then designers and doctors continued their work in space. Now space is calling for those who can manage electronic computers, melt metal, and carry out assembly and unloading work.
Leading.
Today, work in space is Scientific research and everyday work for the development of the whole world. That is why international crews fly into space.
Leading .
If you ask our cosmonauts how the road to space began, you will certainly hear in response: “From a dream.”
Leading.
A dream becomes a reality if a person is hardworking, inquisitive and persistent.
1st student
We hurry to school
To our favorite class.
Lots of big and new things
They are waiting for us.
2nd student
There will be a day, dear light
We'll fly too
To secret, fabulous planets,
To distant worlds.
Song about space. (Roma Voloznev sings)
How vast is the cosmos and how many planets are there,
But for the heroes there are no obstacles.
We are all galaxies ready to fly around,
See the wonders of the universe.
Chorus:
The discovery of the century is waiting for us somewhere.
Everything is not known - hurry forward!
Art is devoted to her and we will be lucky.
Of course there will be dangers along the way.
And the strength is enough to not go off course.
We can always help each other
A bright star shines on brave horses.
Chorus:
Comets waving their tails at us.
No need to get close - this is not a phantom.
And the meteor shower and we're flying ahead
After all, an undiscovered planet is calling us!
Reader.
When an astronaut flies over the Earth,
Millions of children are looking after him.
In the evening they sometimes look at the sky,
Shine, shine, childish eyes.
And they reflect, burn brightly
Those stars to which they will fly!
Rockets rush to distant worlds.
The heart breaks for deeds.
Who believes winged, like a song, dreams,
He will achieve his goal!
Leading.
Pilot-cosmonaut Russian Federation - . Installed from No. 2555-1. According to the Regulations on the honorary title, who made outstanding flights in space. Persons awarded this title are awarded a certificate of conferment of an honorary title and a badge, which is worn on the right side of the chest.
Reader.
R. Rozhdestvensky.
Nerves buzz like strings
Pain is given in the heart ...
Incredibly hard
Future
Gets!
But still,
Blossom, cherries!
Boom, rocket roars!
The closer we are to the stars
The higher
Monument to Gagarin and the Queen!
Song 14 minutes before the start. (Vladimir Troshin sings)
Quiz.
1. Name the Russian scientist, the founder of astronautics.(K.E. Tsiolkovsky)
Konstantin Eduardovich Tsiolkovsky (1857 - 1935) - a teacher from Kaluga, who knew physics, mathematics, chemistry, astronomy, and mechanics well. He is the author of airship projects, works in the field of aerodynamics and rocket technology, one of the founders of the theory of interplanetary communications with the help of rockets, and the developer of the principle of rocket propulsion. Many of his contemporaries considered him insane. The scientist was able to outline the path by which humanity went into space.
2. Inventor of the first Soviet spacecraft.(Sergei Pavlovich Korolev)
Sergei Pavlovich Korolev (1906 -1966) - Russian scientist and designer. Under his leadership, ballistic and geophysical rockets, the first artificial satellites of the Earth, the first spacecraft were created, on which, for the first time in history, a man's space flight and man's exit into space were made.
3. In what year did the first manned flight into space take place?(April 12, 1961)
4. The first person to conquer the starry sky.(Yuri Alekseyevich Gagarin)
5. How long did Yu.A. Gagarin?(108 min = 1 h 48 min)
6. What was the name of Yu.A. Gagarin?("East")
7. The world's first female astronaut.(Valentina Vladimirovna Tereshkova)
8. Who was the first to go into outer space?(Alexey Arkhipovich Leonov)
aviation.)
Questions about space.
1. What are the giant flaming balls called? (Stars.)
2. What is the name of a stone that fell to Earth from outer space? (Meteorite.)
3. The closest star to us. (Sun.)
4.Sputnik of the Earth. (Moon.)
5. Planet giant. (Jupiter.)
6. What was the name of the largest Asteroid? (Ceres.)
7. Most main part comets. (Core.)
8. Arrange the planets in solar system. (The planet closest to the Sun is Mercury, then Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, Pluto)
We see the starry sky all the time. Space seems mysterious and immense, and we are only a tiny part of this vast world, mysterious and silent.
Throughout life, humanity is asked different questions. What is out there, outside our galaxy? Is there something outside of space? And does space have a border? Even scientists have been pondering these questions for a long time. Is space infinite? This article provides information that scientists currently have.
The borders of the infinite
Our solar system is believed to have formed as a result of big bang. It occurred due to the strong compression of matter and tore it apart, scattering gases in different directions. This explosion gave life to galaxies and solar systems. The Milky Way was previously thought to be 4.5 billion years old. However, in 2013, the Planck telescope allowed scientists to recalculate the age of the solar system. Now it is estimated at 13.82 billion years.
The most modern technology cannot cover the entire cosmos. Although the latest devices are able to catch the light of stars that are 15 billion light years away from our planet! They may even be stars that have already died, but their light is still traveling through space.
Our solar system is just a small part of a huge galaxy called Milky Way. The Universe itself contains thousands of such galaxies. And whether space is infinite is unknown ...
The fact that the Universe is constantly expanding, forming more and more new cosmic bodies, is a scientific fact. Probably her appearance is constantly changing, so millions of years ago, as some scientists are sure, it looked completely different than today. And if the universe is growing, then it definitely has boundaries? How many universes exist behind it? Alas, no one knows this.
Space expansion
Today, scientists say that the cosmos is expanding very rapidly. Faster than they previously thought. Due to the expansion of the Universe, exoplanets and galaxies are moving away from us at different speeds. But at the same time, its growth rate is the same and uniform. It's just that these bodies are at different distances from us. So, the star closest to the Sun "runs away" from our Earth at a speed of 9 cm / s.
Now scientists are looking for an answer to another question. What causes the universe to expand?
Dark matter and dark energy
Dark matter is a hypothetical substance. It does not produce energy and light, but occupies 80% of the space. The presence of this elusive substance in space, scientists guessed back in the 50s of the last century. Although there was no direct evidence of its existence, there were more and more supporters of this theory every day. Perhaps it contains substances unknown to us.
How did the theory of dark matter? The fact is that galactic clusters would have collapsed long ago if their mass consisted only of materials visible to us. As a result, it turns out that most of our world is represented by an elusive, yet unknown to us substance.
In 1990, the so-called dark energy. After all, before physicists thought that the force of gravity works to slow down, one day the expansion of the Universe will stop. But both teams that took up the study of this theory, unexpectedly revealed an acceleration of expansion. Imagine that you throw an apple into the air and wait for it to fall, but instead it starts moving away from you. This suggests that the expansion is influenced by a certain force, which has been called dark energy.
Today, scientists are tired of arguing about whether the cosmos is infinite or not. They are trying to understand what the universe looked like before the Big Bang. However, this question does not make sense. After all, time and space themselves are also infinite. So, let's consider several theories of scientists about space and its boundaries.
Infinity is...
Such a concept as "infinity" is one of the most surprising and relative concepts. It has long been of interest to scientists. In the real world we live in, everything has an end, including life. Therefore, infinity attracts with its mystery and even some mysticism. Infinity is hard to imagine. But it exists. After all, it is with its help that many problems are solved, and not only mathematical ones.
infinity and zero
Many scientists are confident in the theory of infinity. However, the Israeli mathematician Doron Zelberger does not share their opinion. He claims that there is a huge number and if you add one to it, the end result will be zero. However, this number lies so far outside human understanding that its existence will never be proven. It is on this fact that the mathematical philosophy called "Ultra-infinity" is based.
Infinite space
Is there a chance that adding two identical numbers together will result in the same number? At first glance, this seems absolutely impossible, but if we are talking about the Universe... According to scientists' calculations, subtracting one from infinity results in infinity. When two infinities are added together, infinity comes out again. But if you subtract infinity from infinity, most likely, you get one.
Ancient scientists also wondered if there was a limit to the cosmos. Their logic was simple and brilliant at the same time. Their theory is expressed as follows. Imagine that you have reached the edge of the universe. They stretched out their hand beyond its borders. However, the boundaries of the world have moved apart. And so endlessly. It is very difficult to imagine this. But it is even more difficult to imagine what exists beyond its borders, if it really exists.
Thousand worlds
This theory says that the cosmos is infinite. It probably has millions, billions of other galaxies that contain billions of other stars. After all, if you think broadly, everything in our life begins again and again - films follow one after another, life, ending in one person, begins in another.
In world science today, the concept of a multicomponent Universe is considered generally accepted. But how many universes are there? None of us know this. In other galaxies there may be completely different celestial bodies. These worlds are dominated by completely different laws of physics. But how to prove their presence experimentally?
This can be done only by discovering the interaction between our universe and others. This interaction occurs through certain wormholes. But how to find them? One of the latest assumptions of scientists says that there is such a hole right in the center of our solar system.
Scientists suggest that in the event that the cosmos is infinite, somewhere in its expanses there is a twin of our planet, and, possibly, of the entire solar system.
Another dimension
Another theory says that the size of the cosmos has limits. The thing is that we see the nearest one as it was a million years ago. Even further means even earlier. Space is not expanding, space is expanding. If we can exceed the speed of light, go beyond the boundaries of space, then we will fall into the past state of the Universe.
And what lies beyond this notorious border? Perhaps another dimension, without space and time, which only our consciousness can imagine.
We are starting a new section “Simply about the complex”, within which we will ask experts in various fields the simplest, sometimes even childishly naive questions about everything in the world. And our interlocutors will endure our importunity, intelligibly and naturally talking about complex things. Today we are talking with Belarusian photographer and astronomer Viktor Malyshchits, well known to our readers for a series of articles on space.
Let's start with the most important. Where did the aliens go and why, despite all our efforts, have we still not found them (and they - us)?
In an attempt to detect intelligent life forms, humanity uses radio signals. But we do not know what kind of communication they use. Maybe the aliens do not know about radio waves or have long abandoned them?
There are other questions as well. In what format should the signal be sent? What areas of space? How to increase the likelihood that the signal is understandable? Many signaling events are PR promotions. For example, in 1974, a radio signal was sent from the Arecibo observatory towards the globular star cluster M13. Someone said, they say, there are 100 thousand stars, at least ten will have aliens! They just keep silent that this cluster is 24 thousand light years away. And do not forget that the probable answer needs the same amount.
Part of Arecibo's message
It is better to try to look for some signals yourself than to send them. However, neither one nor the other has yet yielded any results.
- Space is boundless, the Universe is infinite. How did scientists come to this conclusion?
We assume that our world has a certain structure: there are galaxies, clusters of galaxies, superclusters of galaxies, etc. But on a scale of several hundred million light years, our world is homogeneous, and, as far as we can see, nothing changes there. There is no indication that the structure of the universe is trying to cluster closer to any center or edge. Based on these observations, it is concluded that, probably, everything is the same in the future.
The trouble is that no matter what telescopes we build, we cannot see the whole world. The maximum that we can see is those objects that are at a distance of 13.7 billion light years from us (the age at which our Universe is estimated). Light has already reached us from them. But after all, something could happen further, it’s just that the light signal did not have time to reach from there.
Thus, there is a border beyond which we cannot break through. But what is behind it, we can only guess, extrapolating the knowledge that we have.
Why did people stop flying to the moon? Indeed, today there are much more opportunities for this than 50 years ago. Maybe conspiracy theories don't lie?
I don't believe in any conspiracy theories. The answer to the question is quite simple: sending a man to the moon is a very, very expensive project. In the 1960s, there was a different geopolitical situation, the US and the USSR actively participated in the space race. It was necessary to catch up and overtake the rival, people wanted this, they were ready to give up material wealth in order to be the first.
Today the society has become more well-fed. Of course, we can now resume flights to the Moon, we can even fly to Mars. The only question is - how much will it cost taxpayers? We want to have Good work, comfortable rest, brand new iPhone and everything else. Are people ready to give it up?
In addition, today's technology has reached such a level that a person is not needed, it is much cheaper to do without him. A person is a heavy piece of meat, in which only the head and hands work normally, and everything else is an extra load, which, in addition to everything else, needs a bunch of life support systems. A small lunar rover with a bunch of sensors would weigh a lot less, it wouldn't need oxygen or water, and it would be a lot cheaper to launch it to the moon than it would be to launch a human.
What color are planets and nebulae really? In the photographs, they are so beautiful and colorful, but when we look at the night sky or into space through a telescope, we do not see this colorful beauty.
The concept of color is very arbitrary. For a person, this is not so much an absolute value as a relative one. How does the human eye work? It constantly adjusts the white balance. Here we are sitting in the office and we see yellow light bulbs, while the sheet of paper under them looks white, and now everything outside the window is somehow blue. Let's go outside during the day, and everything will seem white there. This is because our eyes are constantly adjusting so that the background light is grayish. Therefore, it is very difficult to talk about color during the day, a lot depends on the background lighting. But at night, when there is no background lighting, our eyes set the white balance to a specific value.
Remember that the eye's photoreceptors include cones and rods? It is the latter that are responsible for night vision, and they do not recognize colors in low light. Therefore, in a telescope, we see the nebula as a kind of diffuse, colorless haze. But for the camera there is no difference, low light or strong light, it always captures the color.
Do you know what is the most popular color among nebulae? Pink! Nebulae are mostly made up of hydrogen, which glows red, slightly blue, and purple when exposed to nearby stars, resulting in a pink color.
So the cosmos is colored, we just don't see these colors. We can only distinguish the colors of the brightest stars and planets. Everyone, for example, sees that Mars is not green, but orange, Jupiter is yellowish, and Venus is white. When processing pictures, they try to fit them to these colors. Although there are no strict rules. Often through telescopes or spacecraft the planet is photographed in slightly different ranges, and not in standard RGB. Therefore, the colors in the pictures may not always be natural.
Telescope "Hubble"
The Rosette Nebula in the Hubble Palette
In general, with space frames there are two options. According to the first, the objects are trying to show as realistic as possible, they are shot in RGB, the nebulae are pinkish, the stars are of a normal color. As a second example, one can cite such a technique as the “Hubble palette” (the name arose due to the fact that photographs from this particular telescope were first processed in this way). Elements such as oxygen, hydrogen, sulfur and some others glow only in certain ranges of the spectrum. There are special filters that can show, for example, only hydrogen or only sulfur. You put a filter - only the structure of hydrogen in the nebula is fixed, you put another one - you see only oxygen. For an astronomer, this is important, because you can trace the distribution of different chemical elements. But how to show all this to people? Then, purely conditionally, they decide to color hydrogen in green, sulfur in red, and oxygen in blue. It turns out a beautiful and at the same time informative picture, which, however, has little in common with the original.
Why are large asteroids discovered so late? After all, often they learn about them only when they are already as close as possible to the Earth.
Let's see how asteroids are generally detected. The same part of the starry sky is photographed several times. If some "asterisk" moves, then it is an asteroid or something like that. Next, you need to check the bases, calculate the orbit and see if the object will collide with the planet.
The problem is that an asteroid dangerous for the Earth is just a boulder with a diameter of a couple of tens of meters. It is very difficult to see a 20-30-meter block in space. Plus, they're almost black.
I would say that, on the contrary, we should be proud that people learned to detect asteroids so early. Previously, even the most terrible of them were discovered only after they flew by.
- Are there many in orbit? space debris? How dangerous is he?
A lot of! And the biggest problem is that we can't do anything with it yet. You can only try not to throw anything into space or throw it out so that it burns up in the atmosphere. In low orbits, where there are most satellites, including broken ones, the earth's atmosphere is slightly present and gradually slows down the movement of debris. It eventually falls to Earth and burns up in the atmosphere.
What to do with higher orbits? If the amount of debris reaches a critical value, then an avalanche-like formation of debris will begin. Imagine that some particle collides with a satellite at an incredible speed - it will also scatter into hundreds of blanks that will collide with other particles, etc. As a result, the planet will be surrounded by a cocoon of debris, and space will become unsuitable for research. Fortunately, we are still far from this critical value.
- Where do people get hysteria about the planet Nibiru? Have you, as an experienced astronomer, seen it?
People love to believe in conspiracy theories. This is our psychology, we want to believe in the unreal. No one has really seen this planet, astronomers do not take it seriously.
Why didn't they come up with artificial gravity? She's in all science fiction films!
Physics has not yet been discovered! Theoretically, of course, it is possible to build a huge ring in space that spins at a certain speed. Then, due to the centrifugal force, gravity can be obtained. But all this is more fantasy than reality. So far, it is easier to teach people to work in zero gravity.
MBOU secondary school No. 129 preschool department Abstract of a lesson on mathematical development for children of the older group. Topic: game-lesson "flight into space" Completed by: teacher of the highest category Klimenko Valentina Nikolaevna, Chelyabinsk
Game-lesson "Flight into space"
Software content.
Exercise children in reverse counting to consolidate knowledge of numbers, the ability to assemble a whole from parts. Systematize children's knowledge of geometric shapes. Anchor spatial representations from the left to the top right in the middle along the edge. Develop attention logical thinking the ingenuity to cultivate friendships. Develop the ability to navigate on a sheet of paper.
Demo material
Pictures depicting outer space and a spaceship. Silhouette image of a rocket from geometric shapes. -information and communication technologies; -slide show -numbers "5" "6" "8"-
Handout
- geometric shapes-emblems for each child (triangle, circle, square, rhombus) - sets of flat geometric figures for each child - felt-tip pens, sheets of paper (orientation on a sheet of paper) - 4 parts of a circle (collect planet Earth, Tangram game)
Methods and techniques
Verbal (conversation, questions for children, clarification, reminder. Visual (multimedia presentation, whiteboard) Practical (solving mathematical exercises using didactic material) Game (space travel) Integration educational areas: social and communicative development, speech development, cognitive development.
Preliminary work:
Talking about space, watching multimedia presentations about space, looking at illustrations space bodies, solving logical problems.
CONTENT
1. Organizational moment
To the music, the children enter the group and stand in a semicircle. Educator: Children, today we are going to fly into space. Look at the pyramid of the solar system (a slide of the planets of the solar system). 1. How many planets are there in the solar system? (9) 2. Name the largest planet. 3. Name the smallest planet Children, and who flies into space? (astronauts) What qualities should an astronaut have?
Educator: to become an astronaut, you need to be brave, resourceful, smart, attentive. And now we will check who can be taken as astronauts. I need to answer my questions quickly. Warm-up: 1 Who has more eyes, a human or a dog? 2. What season is it now? 3. What day of the week is it today? 4. A hedgehog walked through the forest for lunch and found mushrooms: 2 under a birch, 2 under an aspen. How many will be in a wicker basket? Educator: Well done, I enroll you all as astronauts. And on what we will fly into space (on a rocket) And in order to fly into space, now each of you will design a spaceship
2. "Engineers - designers"
Children assemble a rocket at the tables from geometric shapes. What geometric shapes does a rocket consist of? (Slide rocket on the screen and sample on the board). (2-rectangles, 3-triangles, 2-circles). Educator: Cosmonauts, take your seats in the rocket. Countdown from 10 to 0 (music countdown sounds).
3. "Physical education"
And now you and I are children Flying away on a rocket (marching in a circle) Get up on your toes And then your hands down One, two, stretch Here is a rocket flying up! (running in a circle on toes, hands are woven at the top) (rocket flight slide and space flight music)
4. "Name the neighbors of the number"
We fly up to the planet "Mars" (slide of Mars) Task: name the neighbors of the number, The teacher shows the numbers: 5, 7, 9, 10.11. Well done, we fly further (SPACE MUSIC).
5. "Cheerful account", "Orientation in space"
slide "Jupiter" Educator: Children, look, the planet "Jupiter" is ahead and there are a lot of meteorites. 1. What shape are meteorites? (triangles) 2. How many meteorites are there on the planet? 3. How much is behind the planet? 5. How many meteorites are there to the left of the planet? 6. How many meteorites are to the right of the planet? 7. How are they different? 8.How many big ones? 9. How many are small?
Educator: Well done, children continue the flight to the planet "Saturn" (Slide "Saturn" space music)
6. "Orientation on a sheet of paper"
Educator: we continue the flight, we switch to manual control. Children take sheets of paper and make a circle. Control panel in the middle of the sheet. - in front of the planet "Saturn". It must fly around by moving the control panel to the upper right corner. - a meteor shower is moving towards. Move the control panel to the lower left corner. - we approach the artificial satellite of the Earth and move the control panel to the lower left corner. - we cross the constellation Ursa Major and move the control panel to the upper left corner. - switch to automatic control by moving the control panel to the middle.
7. "Physical minute".
Space music. How vast is the cosmos And how many planets are there But there are no obstacles for the heroes We are all ready to fly around the galaxies To the wonders of the universe To see Everything is unknown Hurry forward The discovery of the century awaits us somewhere Everything is unknown Hurry forward Be faithful to your dream And we will be lucky.
8. Fill number series missing numbers
Educator: to find out if we can land on the planet Saturn, we need to complete the following task - fill in the number row with the missing numbers (sets of numbers from 1 to 10 with missing numbers) Educator: the task is completed, but some signs appear, what do they mean? (slide no water, no air, no life) Educator: so we can’t land on this planet, we need to return to planet Earth. The crew of the ship must land the rocket. And for this you need to assemble the planet Earth from parts.
9. The game "Tangram".
Assemble planet Earth (from 4 circle parts), planet Earth slide
10. Find your spaceport.
Music sounds, children land on their spaceports, corresponding to the shapes of the emblems (circle, square, triangle and rhombus). Teacher: Here we are at home. I thank all the astronauts for a successful flight and all those who watched our flight from Earth. Reflection: where have we been today? What did you like the most? What would you like to tell your parents?
Space is the most discussed and, at the same time, the most mysterious topic on the entire planet Earth. On the one hand, humanity has learned a lot about it, on the other hand, we know a tiny percentage of what is actually happening in the Universe.
Today we will look at some of the most interesting facts about space.
1. It turns out that our satellite - the Moon - is moving away from us every year by about 4 cm. This depends on the decrease in the period of rotation of the planet by 2 miles of a second per day.
2. Forty new stars are born every year in our Galaxy alone. It is difficult to even imagine how many of them appear in the entire universe.
3. The universe has no boundaries. It seems that everyone is familiar with this statement. In fact, no one knows if the cosmos is infinite or just gigantic.
4. Our solar system is terribly boring. If you think about our neighbors, they are all unremarkable gas balls and pieces of stone. Multiple voids of light separate us from the nearest star. In the meantime, other systems are full of amazing stuff.
a) In the vastness of the Universe there is a very amazing thing - a giant gas bubble. Its length is about 200 million light years, and it is located 12 billion of these years from us! This interesting thing formed just two billion years after the Big Bang. 
b) Sun more earth somewhere in 110 times. It is even larger than the giant of our system - Jupiter. However, if you compare it with other stars in the universe, our luminary will take a place in the manger kindergarten, that's how small it is.
Now let's imagine a star that is 1500 times larger than our Sun. Even if we take the entire solar system, it will not take up more than a pixel of this star. This giant has VY Canis Major, whose diameter is about 3 billion km. How and why this star was blown to such dimensions, no one knows. 
c) Science fiction writers have imagined about five different types of planets. It turns out that there are hundreds of times more of these species. Scientists have already discovered about 700 types of planets. One of them is a diamond planet, and in every sense of the word. As you know, carbon needs very little to turn into a diamond in this case, the conditions coincided so that one of the planets solidified and turned into a gem of a universal scale. 
5. A black hole is the brightest object in the entire universe.
Inside a black hole, the force of gravity is so strong that even light cannot escape from it. Logically, the hole should not be visible in the sky at all. However, during the rotation of the hole, in addition to cosmic bodies, they also absorb gas clouds, which begin to glow, twisting in a spiral. Also, meteors, falling into black holes, light up from an incredibly sharp and fast movement. 
6. The light of our Sun, which we see every day, is about 30 thousand years old. The energy we receive from this celestial body was formed in the core of the Sun about 30 thousand years ago. That's how much time and no less is necessary for photons to break through from the center to the surface. But after the "liberation" they need only 8 minutes to get to the surface of the Earth. 
7. We fly through space at a speed of about 530 km per second. Inside the Galaxy, the planet moves at a speed of about 230 km per second, the Milky Way itself flies through space at a speed of 300 km per second.
8. About 10 tons of cosmic dust “falls” on our heads every day. 
9. There are over 100 billion galaxies in the entire universe. There is a chance we are not alone.
10. Interesting fact: about 200 thousand meteorites fall on our planet every day!
11. The average density of Saturn's substances is two times less than the density of water. This means that if you lower this planet into a glass of water, it will float on the surface. You can check this, only, of course, if you find the appropriate glass.
12. The sun is losing weight by a billion kilograms per second. This is due to the solar wind - a stream of particles that move from the surface of this star in different directions.
13. If we wanted to get by car to the nearest star after the Sun - Proxima Centauri, then we, at a speed of 96 km / h, would need about 50 million years. 
14. Even on the Moon, earthquakes occur, which are referred to as moonquakes. But, nevertheless, in comparison with the earthly ones, they are insignificantly weak. There are more than 3,000 such moonquakes every year, but this total energy would only be enough for a small salute. 
15. The strongest magnets in the entire universe is considered neutron star. Its magnetic field is millions of billions of times greater than the field of our planet. 
16. It turns out that in our solar system there is a body resembling our planet. It is called Titan, and it is a satellite of the planet Saturn. It also has rivers, seas, volcanoes, a dense atmosphere, just like our planet. Surprisingly, even the distance between Titan and Saturn is equal to the distance between us and the Sun, and even the ratio of the weight of these heavenly bodies is equal to the ratio of the weight of the Earth and the Sun.
Yet intelligent life on Titan is not even worth looking for, because its reservoirs failed: they consist mainly of propane and methane. But still, if the latest discovery is confirmed, then it will be possible to argue that primitive life forms exist on Titan. Under the surface of Titan there is an ocean that is 90% water, the remaining 10% can be complex hydrocarbons. There is an assumption that it is these 10% that can give rise to the simplest bacteria. 
17. If the Earth revolved around the Sun in the opposite direction, then the year would be two days shorter.
18. The duration of a total lunar eclipse is 104 minutes, while the duration of a total solar eclipse is only no more than 7.5 minutes. 
19. Isaac Newton first set out the physical laws that artificial satellites obey. They were first published in Mathematical beginnings natural philosophy" in the summer of 1687. 
20. The funniest fact! Americans have spent more than one million dollars to invent a pen that would write in space. The Russians, on the other hand, used a pencil in zero gravity without making any changes to it.
The cosmos is the greatest mystery that humanity will always want to unravel. He pulls with his extraordinary properties and mysteries. Today we have revealed nothing at all, but I hope that the Universe has become more accessible and interesting for you.
