Sampo military. Sampo - what is it? See what "sampo" is in other dictionaries

What is Sampo is still unclear. We only know that it is endowed with great beneficent power, because with its help you can get bread; that is why the two peoples dispute this “jewel” with each other. Well-known Karelian researchers of the epic Kalevala E. Kiuru and A. Mishin in their book Folklore Origins of the Kalevala, published in Petrozavodsk in 2001, wrote: “In the Kalevala, Elias Lönnrot tried to include all the various signs and features of Sampo, known to him from the field records available at that time. The main sign of Sampo in Kalevala is that it is a mill that can be made and which can be both a difficult matchmaking task and a ransom for Väinämöinen, who ended up in a foreign land.

The mystery surrounding the image of Sampo brought Elias Lönnrot himself to a very original assumption, about which he wrote in a letter to Academician Grot. Lennrot assumed that the name Pohjola does not mean Lapland, but Biarmia, and that Sampo is the “idol” of the supreme god of the Biarmians Yumalla (in the Kalevala he is known as Ukko), endowed with great magical power. The Biarmians called the "idol" Sampo, from Russian words "God himself".

Attempts to intelligibly explain what "Sampo" is, have been made repeatedly. It was interpreted as a musical instrument, and as a talisman, and as a trading ship, and even as all the lands of Karelia and Finland. Academician B. A. Rybakov expressed the original idea that Sampo is an ancient stone grain grater, symbolically personifying happiness and prosperity.

The most probable explanation for the Sampo riddle was given by Professor V. H. Demin. In his interpretation of Sampo, he proceeded from the myth of the Golden Age of mankind that has survived to this day. The Golden Age is an era of justice and prosperity, which ancient authors unequivocally associated with northern Hyperborea. This amazing country in ancient times was located in the vast expanses of the European North, which includes the territory of modern Karelia.

According to V. N. Demin, vague memories of the Golden Age remained in the memory of the northern peoples. Among the Karelian-Finnish peoples, for example, it was imprinted in the form of an image-symbol of the magical Sampo mill. Among the ancient Sami, it was called Saivo and was a country of abundance that exists in the other world.

In Russian folklore, there are also memories of a wonderful mill - a symbol of eternal abundance and happiness. This is a famous story about magic millstones. The hero gets them in the sky, climbing up the trunk of a huge oak.

One thing is clear. Some legendary knowledge is hidden behind the image of Sampo, according to our distant ancestors, it is so important that the memory of it was sacredly guarded by them - it is interesting that not only our ancestors, but also the ancestors of almost all the peoples of the Earth. The image of the mill is a kind of generalized symbol known to many nations.

In Icelandic and Norwegian legends, a hero named Amlodi is the owner of a fairy-tale mill that once spewed out gold, peace and abundance. Two giantesses, Fenya and Menya, were called upon to rotate this gigantic structure, since ordinary human forces were not enough to move it. Then the sea king Mizinger stole the mill and loaded it onto his ship.

The mill continued to grind even as the ship began to sink. It also rotated at the bottom of the sea, grinding stones and sand, at the same time creating a huge maelstrom whirlpool.

Any person familiar with the content of Kalevala will see familiar motifs here. Like Fenya and Menyi's mill, the Sampo is also eventually stolen and loaded onto a ship, after which it shatters into pieces.

According to the Cherokee Indians, “The people of the South had a corn mill, but the people of the North, jealous of their prosperity, destroyed the mill and stole the corn flour. Returning back, they spilled the flour, leaving a white trail behind them. Now this place is the Milky Way. One of the surviving myths of the Atzek tribe says that “When the mill ground the bones of people who died during the Flood into flour, and the gods poured blood into it, then the flesh of today's people turned out.” A similar "mill" theme pops up in Japan, and in Central America, among the Maori tribe of New Zealand, etc.

The American researcher G. Hancock, having studied all the known folklore sources in which the image of the “mill” is present, came to the surprising conclusion that this image hides knowledge that describes some kind of global event on a cosmic scale and is known to numerous cultures of antiquity. He came to the conclusion that the image of the “mill” is a symbolic image of the destructive cosmic processes witnessed by the ancient peoples.

By the way, some researchers put forward a very extravagant hypothesis, according to which the word "sampo" comes from the Sanskrit "skambha", which means "the frame of the universe."

In the Atharveda, one of the oldest works of Indian literature, there is a whole hymn dedicated to Skambha, “in which the earth, atmosphere, sky, fire, moon, sun and wind are enclosed ... Skambha preserves heaven and earth. Everything that exists is included in Skambha ... "

However, having become acquainted with the complex of ideas that were associated with the image of the "mill", you no longer consider the ancient Indian meaning of this word to be particularly strange. This image symbolically denotes a certain cosmic mechanism that influences earthly life and replaces earthly epochs.

That is why the "mill" always breaks. This is a symbolic image of the change of eras, global cosmic changes that are reflected on Earth in the form of floods and glaciations. That is why, along with the "mill", many myths from all over the ancient world depict geological disasters in vivid detail. Real events that took place on Earth became the source of endless legends about floods and glaciations, volcanic eruptions and devastating earthquakes. Therefore, it is not surprising that all our early civilizations retained the most vivid memories of the grandiose cataclysms that their predecessors experienced.

A typical student day goes something like this: university, work, if any, food, free time, sleep. As a rule, they also complain that there is not enough time for the last three points. And how is the weekday of the cadets of the military academy? About this to the correspondent “P.S. - 5 owls,” said one of the students, who wished not to disclose his name.

6:00. Climb

Defenders of the Motherland every day, except Sunday, wake up at 6 am. On Sunday they have a day off, so they get up late - at 7.

We wake up under the command: "Course, rise!" We open all the windows and throw back the blankets from the bed to air the room. Exactly 5 minutes later we have to stand in sportswear on the street. Everyone goes to charge, no exceptions. On the street, we will have a short run, usually about 3 kilometers, and a standard set of exercises, - says the cadet.

After the guys go to the barracks. They are given half an hour to wash, shave, make beds, put themselves and their uniforms in order for those who did not have time in the evening, and already at 7:15 stand at the morning inspection by the foreman of the unit.
- He checks our appearance, how our uniform looks, shoes, and how the bed is made. If something is wrong with someone, then the foreman makes a remark and sends it to be redone, - the student says.

Then the cadets begin breakfast, followed by the raising of the national flag on the parade ground to the anthem of the Russian Federation.

9:00. Training sessions

Air Force Academy students study every day except Sunday. Usually they have three couples, 1.5 hours each. They go to classes in everyday green uniforms, but during exams they wear blue dress uniforms.

At 14:00, training sessions end and cadets are given 10 minutes to change their work clothes, clean their shoes and wash their hands before lunch.

14:10. Dinner

We have 30 minutes for lunch. We can say that we have a small buffet: what kind of soup you wanted, you took it for yourself. Usually they give borsch, buckwheat soup, pea soup, there are also second courses, compote, tea and some kind of sweet bun.

After the students are given personal time: to rest, sleep, clean clothes. At 15:25, the cadets begin self-training, or, as it is called, "SAMPO". At SAMPO, they prepare for classes, go to consultations with teachers, study on their own in classrooms.
At 19:30 SAMPO ends and cadets are given 10 minutes to clean up before dinner.

19:40. Dinner

For dinner, "green" is given only 20 minutes. After the cadets have time for personal needs, from 20:00 to 21:00.
- At this time, we can talk with family and friends. By the way, the phones are with the commanders of the groups and they are given out for an hour only in their personal time, and then they are taken away again.

21:05. An evening walk

Evening walk lasts only 15 minutes. Cadets breathe fresh air, march in formation and sing "Katyusha", "Marusya", "A soldier is walking through the city" and other military songs.
At 21:20, the twenty-minute evening verification begins. The foreman bypasses the personnel and sums up the results of the day.

From 21:40 we have an evening toilet. We are given only 20 minutes, so we need to act very quickly: swim, shave, put ourselves and the form in order. Of course, there is little time for this, but life at such a pace has taught us to act quickly, - the cadet says.

22:00. lights out

After the 16-hour day comes the long-awaited release. The cadet's dream is to kiss the pillow. During the lights out, an inspector is on duty at the course, keeps order and checks the personnel.
And the next day - getting up at 6:00 and everything is repeated anew: exercises, cleaning of buildings, breakfast ...

Would you like to connect your life with military affairs?

Kristina POSHATALOVA.
Photo from the official group

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Mount Sampo has gained popularity relatively recently. In the 60s of the XX century, the Soviet-Finnish film "Sampo" based on the Karelian-Finnish epic "Kalevala" was filmed in these places. The name "Sampo" was firmly entrenched behind the mountain, and soon tourists, travelers and seekers of secrets were drawn here. So she found a new life as an interesting natural attraction in the vicinity of Petrozavodsk.

On this topic:

On the branches of several pine trees on the top of Mount Sampo, multi-colored “wish ribbons” are tied

The wonderful Sampo mill is one of the central objects around which the action of the Karelian-Finnish epic Kalevala unfolds. Briefly, the storyline about Sampo is as follows.

The main characters live in a country called Kalevala: the sage Väinämöinen, the blacksmith Ilmarinen and the daring hunter, the merry fellow Lemminkäinen.

Väinämöinen, on the advice of his mother, Ilmatar goes to the country of the North, Pohjölu, to marry the beautiful Maiden of the North, the daughter of the owner of Pohjola, the evil old woman Louha. Louhi agreed to the marriage, but on the condition that Väinämöinen forge the magical Sampo windmill for her. Väinämöinen refused, saying that he would send the blacksmith Ilmarinen instead.

Sampo is a miraculous object, like a windmill, a source of happiness and abundance. She grinds as much bread, salt and money as she likes. “In the Kalevala, Elias Lönnrot (collector and compiler of the Kalevala - M.A.) tried to include all the various signs and features of Sampo, known to him from the field records available at that time. The main sign of Sampo in Kalevala is that it is a mill that can be made and which can be both a difficult matchmaking task and a ransom for Väinämöinen who is in a foreign land.(E. Kiuru, A. Mishin. Folklore origins of the Kalevala, Petrozavodsk, 2001)

Ilmarinen did not want to go to Pohjola, and then Väinämöinen transferred him there by the power of magic. Seeing the Virgin of the North, Ilmarinen built a forge in three days and began to forge Sampo. However, in the first four days, nothing came of it: he got a golden bow that beat everyone indiscriminately, a boat that drowned all the shuttles, a golden-horned cow that did not let anyone near him, and a plow that strove to plow not his own, but someone else's land. Ilmarinen destroyed them.

Then the winds came to the aid of Ilmarinen, which in three days fanned a great fire in the smithy. And on the seventh day Ilmarinen forged Sampo. The old woman Louhi grabbed Sampo and hid it in a copper mountain, in a deep cave behind nine castles. Three roots sprouted from Sampo: one went nine fathoms from the mill into the ground, another caught on the seashore, and the third grew into a stone rock. However, Louhi did not give her daughter to Ilmarinen, she sent the blacksmith back to Kalevala.

The distance from the center of Petrozavodsk to Mount Sampo is about 37 km.
Mount Sampo coordinates: 62°2’26″N 34°5’41″E

The people of Karelia have revered the symbol "Sampo" since pagan times. He was depicted as a spinning wheel. What is a Sampo mill, really?

Protective towel. On it is the symbol ″Sampo″

In Karelian-Finnish mythology, a one-of-a-kind miracle object with magical powers, which is a source of happiness, prosperity and abundance. In Finnish and Izhorian folklore, Sampsa Pellervo is known, the spirit of vegetation, which is awakened by the sun in the spring - then the bread begins to rise in the fields. Sampsa lives on the island, where he lives with his own mother as with his wife - an incestuous ritual marriage is characteristic of the gods of fertility. Probably his wife and mother is Mother Earth herself. The name Sampsa is believed to come from the Germanic designation for spring forage grasses, that is, Sampsa is the fruit of the Earth awakening in spring. In the first edition of the epic "Kalevala", it is only said about "Sampo" that he was brought by boat to a foggy cape and left in the field. "Sampo" is called only an inexhaustible bin with grain. In the architecture of Karelian wooden houses, there is often a towel-amulet in the form of a rotating wheel.

What is Sampo?

In the first edition of the epic " Kalevala", "Sampo" is called just an inexhaustible bin with grain, and already in the second edition, Lönnrot called Sampo a mill. I ventured to suggest that Lönnrot depicted "Sampo" in the form of a mill in order to emphasize the process of transformation. Or rather, selection. And The guess was confirmed in the runes:

And forges Sampo,
That flour would be one side,
And others would grind salt,
The third side is a lot of money.
Sampo is already grinding,
The motley cover rotates:
And from dawn it grinds the measure,
Grinds the measure as needed,
The other one is for sale
The third measure is for feasts.

Measure was born. Money. And we remember that the "variegated lid" mentioned in the rune is the starry sky, a symbol of the infinity of time. I pay special attention to the fact of the movement of time and the allocation of goods: salt, money, bread. This essentially describes the labor theory of value, which was first put forward by David Ricardo in 1670 and supported by Lönnrot's contemporary, Adam Smith. The theory says that certain types of goods, spontaneously (I emphasize) over time, are put forward for the role of money. And the "variegated lid" is just a symbol of the passage of time in the view of pagan Karelians.

From what goods did the measure stand out in the form of salt, bread and money?

And in order to understand, you need to refer to the lines of the epic:

The bow from the flame appeared
With a golden glow of the moon;
The ends shone with silver
The handle is variegated copper.
The onion looked beautiful
But he had a bad property:
Every day he asked for a sacrifice,
And on holidays and twice.

Ilmarinen threw back into the flames of the furnace one by one the goods already forged: a bow, a canoe, a cow and a plow. And he did this because all these goods, no matter how beautiful they were, were not suitable for the role of a measure for exchange. He waited for the crucible to give it to him. Among the pagan Karelians, food and precious metals served as a measure. Belomorian Karelians could get three bags of rye in Novgorod for a bag of salt evaporated from the waters of the White Sea.

What else can confirm our guess?

The word "Kalevala" confirms our guess. If we look closely, we will see that the word "Kalevala" can be considered as a combination of the two words Kale and Vala. If we change two letters in it, we will get the toponym Kali-Valo. Kali, this is none other than the goddess Kali, Valo is translated as "god". Perhaps this double sounding of the words "Kalevala" and the knowledge that the mythology of the ancient Karelians and Buddhists are similar, as well as knowledge of the labor theory of value, which was put forward by his contemporary Adam Smith, prompted Lönnrot to create a plot about "Sampo" as a labor theory cost. And Lönnrot made Kali the key to this solution. Kali symbolically indicates to us that we are on the right path. In the epic "Kalevala" there are 50 runes, the same number as the skulls on Kali's neck. In reality, there are only 14 folk runes in which "Sampo" is mentioned. And there are more than 70 variants of runes in total. This is because the Karelians did not have a written language and they performed the runes from memory, forgetting something and adding something from themselves. The necklace of skulls around Kali's neck symbolizes not only the change of generations. In another way, skulls can be regarded as a symbol of money, since some tribes on the island of Kalimantan, where the goddess Kali is known to be revered, used skulls as a monetary unit.

In domestic economic literature, the evolutionary theory of the origin of money is generally recognized. The evolutionary concept proves that money did not appear overnight, by virtue of law or agreement, but spontaneously, as a result of a long process of development of exchange relations. In other words, money is an objective result of the development of the process of commodity exchange, which in itself, regardless of the desire of people, gradually led to the spontaneous separation of a specific commodity from the general mass of goods, which began to perform monetary functions.

But the labor theory of value also has its corollary, which states that social labor is recognized as the only source of wealth. So it should be described in the epic "Kalevala". And we find a description of this consequence:

The Sampo in Pohjola has changed,
Stitched rim stitched:
It also has arable land,
It also has a place for sowing,
In it, the harvest is the guarantee.

The fragment of the epic given above is nothing more than the necessary conditions under which "Sampo" can arise. That is, under these conditions of social labor, it is possible to achieve the production of a large number of different commodities and, in the course of time, isolate from them a measure for exchange. I will decipher these conditions. "The sewn rim is sewn": a person's living space is formed. "There is arable land in it": a place where grain is sown. "In it is also a place for sowing": a house in which working hands are born and grow. "In it": in the hands of the workers. "The harvest of everything is a guarantee": of the whole variety of consumer goods.

What is a stitched rim?

In order to understand this, let us turn to the idea of the ancient Karelians about the structure of the world.

Ilmatar, the creation of a maiden, raised her knee from the waves, ... so that a duck would make a nest, prepare a dwelling. The duck, that beauty bird, flew, looked around, saw a knee in the blue waves of mother water. I took it for a hummock and thought it was green turf. She flew, looked around, knelt down and prepared a nest for herself, laid golden eggs. The eggs rolled into the water, they fell into the waves of the water, they broke into pieces in the sea and disintegrated into fragments. The eggs in the mud and the pieces in the moisture of the sea did not die, but miraculously changed and underwent transformation: from the egg, from the lower part, the mother came out - the earth is damp; from the egg, from the upper part, a high vault of heaven arose; from the yolk, from the upper part, the bright sun appeared; from the squirrel, from the top, a clear moon appeared; from the egg, from the motley part, the stars became in the sky; from the egg, from the dark part, clouds appeared in the air. And time passes forward, year after year runs forward, with the radiance of the young sun, in the brilliance of the young month. The mother of water floats on the sea, the mother of water, the creation of the maiden, on waters full of slumber, on misty waters of the sea; and under it the waters stretched out, and above it the sky shines.

They believed that the world originated from an egg and a "stitched rim", there is a series of rocks along the horizon that limit the living space of a person. And it is sewn, perhaps, with the needles of the northern lights, piercing this series of rocks along the horizon. In the view of the ancient Karelians, the celestial dome rotates on an invisible axis passing through the center of a person's living space. They called it "the motley cover".

Thus, the knowledge is confirmed that Lönnrot invented the plot of the epic based on the Karelian runes. Not all the runes he knew were included in the second edition of the book, but only those that fit the plot. Many researchers have been trying to unravel the mystery of Sampo for over 170 years. Various versions have been put forward. It was assumed that "Sampo" is a dam or a catastrophe of a cosmic scale.
It was interpreted both as a musical instrument, and as a talisman, and as a merchant ship, and, even, like all the lands of Karelia and Finland. Academician B. A. Rybakov expressed the original idea that "Sampo" is an ancient stone grain grater, symbolically personifying happiness and prosperity. Perhaps my version of "Sampo" will not be the last on this list and we will someday find out the truth.

The epic "Kalevala" in neighboring Finland is considered the property of the Finnish people. Centenary is approaching independence of Finland- December 6, 2017. On my own behalf and on behalf of all the inhabitants of Karelia, I would like to make a gift to the people of Finland for their centenary - the sculpture "Sampo's Mill". The gift is symbolic and expensive in every sense. Therefore, I want to find like-minded people and sponsors for the implementation of this project.