Apennine mountains on the map. Where is the Apennine Peninsula located. Apennine Peninsula: climate Materials on geography
Almost 4/5 of the surface of the Apennine Peninsula is occupied by mountains and hills, and less than 1/4 of its area falls on the Padana Plain and narrow coastal lowlands.
The basis of the relief is the Apennine mountain system, which crosses the Apennine Peninsula along its entire length and passes to the island of Sicily. The Apennines are one of the youngest mountains on earth. In their length (1500 km) they exceed the Alps, but are much inferior to them in height. Their highest point - Mount Korno reaches only 2914 m above sea level. The peaks of the Apennines do not reach the snow border and are devoid of eternal snows, only on the eastern slopes of Monte Corno the only glacier in the Apennines descends to a height of 2690 m. In the north, the Apennines stretch along the coast of the Gulf of Genoa, limiting the Padan plain from the south. The narrow strip between the mountains and the sea is called the Riviera: French - in the west, Italian - in the east. Within the peninsula, the Apennines deviate to the southeast and retreat quite far from the Tyrrhenian Sea.
The entire region is characterized by the predominance of mountainous terrain. The Frontier Lands are almost everywhere formed by fault lines along which recent subsidences have taken place, shaping the modern outline of the coast. The coastline is relatively little dissected.
One of the most characteristic features of the Apennine Peninsula is the wide development of volcanic and seismic processes, as well as modern land movements, due to the fact that the region is located in a zone of young alpine folding.
A characteristic feature of the geological structure of the peninsula is the wide distribution of volcanic rocks, which are especially common in Tuscany, Lazio, and Campania.
The only vast lowland is the Padan Plain, which occupies most of the Po basin. The rest, insignificant in area, are lowlands stretching along the coasts. The Padana plain gradually decreases from west to east.
Italy, which occupies the entire Italian peninsula, is one of the few European countries where earthquakes often occur. Often they are catastrophic. In the twentieth century More than 150 earthquakes have been registered in the country. The zone of greatest seismic activity occupies Central and Southern Italy. The last strong earthquake occurred in November 1980. It covered a vast territory - 26 thousand square meters. km (from the city of Naples to the city of Potenza).
On the Apennine Peninsula there are volcanoes of different types and in different stages of development. There are also extinct volcanoes (Euganean hills, Alban mountains), and active ones (Vesuvius, Stromboli).
Geography materials:
Geographical location, general information
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Author Irina Bulycheva asked a question in Other about cities and countries
Write the name of the mountains of the Apennine Peninsula and the mountains that protected the peninsula from the north and got the best answer
Answer from Ivan Nezhentsev[active]
the Apennines stretch along the peninsula, in the north the Italian Alps
Answer from Ramzes[guru]
alpiyskie gori
Answer from Vladimir[guru]
Andes.
Answer from Oleg Orlov[newbie]
Where are they now, retired?
Answer from Igor Dementiev[active]
Alps
Answer from Katya gorokhova[newbie]
The Apennine Peninsula is one of the largest peninsulas in Europe, located in the south of the continent and washed by the waters of the Mediterranean Sea. The main part of Italy is located on the peninsula, as well as the Republic of San Marino and the theocratic state of the Vatican. The area of the peninsula is 149 thousand km². The length is about 1100 km, the width is from 130 to 300 km. In the north, the Apennine Peninsula is bounded by the Padana Plain, in the west it is washed by the Tyrrhenian Sea, in the east by the Adriatic Sea, in the south by the Ionian Sea.
The peninsula got its name from the Apennine mountains, stretching along its most part.
A feature of the Apennine Peninsula is high seismicity, modern mountain building and volcanic activity. So the Stromboli volcano has been active continuously throughout the entire historical time and has received the name "lighthouse of the Tyrrhenian Sea", and the volcanoes Etna, Vesuvius and others have also repeatedly erupted, which led to mass deaths. Strong earthquakes are not uncommon for the Apennine Peninsula. It is obvious that the threat of a tsunami constantly hangs over the coastal villages of the Apennines. These processes are due to the global tectonic process of the movement of continental plates, when the African continent collides and moves under the plate on which Europe is located as part of Eurasia. Africa is not only moving north, but also turning "clockwise". Volcanologists expect in the near future a catastrophic eruption of Mount Vesuvius on the coast of the Gulf of Naples with inevitable human casualties.
Answer from Daniil Lantsov[newbie]
Alps
Answer from Natalia Zhukova[newbie]
Alps
Answer from Larisa[active]
the Apennines stretch along the peninsula, in the north the Italian Alps
Answer from Daniil Oleinik[active]
BUT
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P
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Answer from Andrey Shishlin[newbie]
what exactly is the Alps or the Andes or the Apennines.
Answer from Roman Ponomarev[newbie]
ALPS
Answer from Dasha Sribna[newbie]
Apennines
Answer from Yopartanets VF[newbie]
Alps
Answer from 3 answers[guru]
Mountains of Italy
The Apennines are a mountain range located in Italy, or rather, on the Apennine Peninsula. The Apennine mountains can be called the backbone of the peninsula: the mountain range runs along its territories, crossing them exactly in the middle. Thus, the Apennine Peninsula is divided into western and eastern parts.
In fact, the general name of the Apennine Mountains means several mountainous regions at once. So, in the northern part of the peninsula there are the Ligurian, Tuscany-Emilian, Umbro-Markian Apennines, the central part of the mountain range is occupied by the Abruzzi Apennines, and in the south you can see the Campanian, Lucanian and Calabrian Apennines. On average, the height of the mountains reaches 1200-1800 meters. The highest point of the Apennine mountain system is Corno Grande (2912 m), which means Big Horn. You can see it in the central part of the mountain range, in the Abruzzo region.
The surrounding nature makes the Apennine mountains a truly miraculous work of art.
The territories extending at low altitudes (about 500-700 m) are actively used for agriculture: vineyards are planted here, lemon and olive trees are grown. At a level of about 900-1000 m, mixed forests grow, which are replaced by coniferous trees a little higher. Closer to the mountain peaks, sun-drenched alpine and subalpine meadows open up. Snow in the Apennine mountains is found only on the highest mountain of the chain - Corno Grande. Other areas of the Apennines are too low for glacial formations to form there. 
Despite their pastoral beauty, the Apennines pose a serious danger to the inhabitants of Italy. The Apennine mountain system is one of the youngest in the world, so the seismic activity in the region is very high. One of the latest earthquakes occurred in April 2009 in the city of L "Aquile in the Abruzzo region. Then 308 people died, 1500 residents were injured, according to various sources, from 3 to 11 thousand buildings were destroyed. Moreover, in the Campanian Apennines in the south the peninsula is the legendary volcano Vesuvius, and on the island of Sicily is the volcano Etna, which is a tectonic continuation of the Apennine mountains.Both volcanoes are still considered active, and an eruption can occur at any time.By the way, to date, Vesuvius is the only active volcano on the entire mainland Europe.
Although the eruption of Vesuvius was not uncommon in the history of the Apennine Peninsula (the last dated back to 1944), the most famous case occurred in 79 AD. Even after almost 2000 years, this story chills the soul: then the Roman cities of Pompeii and Herculaneum were hidden under a thick layer of volcanic ash. It is thanks to the ashes that today scientists have the opportunity to see Pompeii and Herculaneum in their original form: all the buildings were protected from moisture and sunlight, and therefore have survived to this day almost unchanged. Today, Pompeii is a kind of museum city, listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
The Apennines are a land where the locals manage to peacefully coexist with nature without harming it. Although minerals are mined in the mountains, and part of the territory is sown or planted with fruit trees, the Italians take care of the preservation of the local unique flora and fauna. There are several protected areas in the Apennines, including the well-known national parks of Abruzzo, Lazio and Molise, Gran Sasso and Monti della Laga and Majella.
The main and oldest national park of the Apennine Peninsula - Abruzzo, Lazio and Molise - was opened in 1923 in the Abruzzi Apennines. Rare species of animals live here. In the park you can meet Marsican brown bears, living only in Italy. To date, only 30-40 individuals of these animals remain in the world. Other rare inhabitants of the lands of Abruzzo are Eurasian wolves, whose number in Europe is about 25 thousand. The park, which occupies an area of more than 506 km 2, is home to approximately 2,000 species of birds, including birds of prey. For example, there are goshawks, sparrowhawks, peregrine falcons. In addition to them, among the inhabitants of the park there are several species of owls, mountain birds.
Located near the city of L "Aquila, the Gran Sasso and Monti della Laga park is no less interesting. These lands are home to a huge number of animal species: deer, chamois, foxes, wild cats. If you're lucky, you can see a unique mountain plant - alpine edelweiss. This is a small flower with a velvet fluff on light petals, usually growing in alpine meadows.By the way, it is not necessary to travel through the endless expanses of Gran Sasso and Monti della Laga on foot: there are special paths in the park, so it is quite possible to arrange a horseback ride or ride a bicycle.
Also in the area of the Majella mountain range there is a national park of the same name. Here you can not only enjoy all the diversity and beauty of mountain nature, but also look into the caves that are open to tourists. Local attractions include Monte Amaro (2793 m), one of the highest peaks of Majella.
But beautiful mountain views are not all that awaits a traveler in the Apennines. In these parts there are many ancient cities, interesting for their rich history. Florence is located on the banks of the Arno River in the Tuscan Apennines. This city is one of the most ancient and art-rich European cultural centers. Guests of Florence can visit the world-famous Uffizi Gallery, which displays works by such Renaissance masters as Raphael, Giotto and Leonardo da Vinci.
Decoration of the Umbro-Marc Apennines - the city of Perugia. The charm of this place lies in the beautiful winding streets, the architecture of the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, and even earlier periods. One of the sights of the city is the Church of Sant'Angelo, which was built presumably in the 5th-6th centuries. In addition, Perugia is known throughout the world for the chocolate products of the local Perugina company. Every October, chocolate festivals are held here.
general information
Geographical region of Italy.Language: Italian.
Currency unit: Euro.
Major rivers: Arno, Tiber, Enza, Parma, Sangro, Pescara, Volturno.
Major lakes: Trasimino Bolsena, Bracciano.
Major cities in the region: Perugia, Florence, Arezzo, L'Aquila.
Volcanoes: Vesuvius.
Numbers
Area: 84,000 km2.Average height of mountains: 1200-1800 m.
Highest Peak: Corno Grande (2912 m).
Length: 1200 km.
Climate and weather
In the valleys: sharply continental.
Average winter temperature: 1ºС
Average summer temperature: 20°C.
Rainfall: 500-3000 mm.
Attractions
■ National Park of Abruzzo, Lazio and Molise;■ Foreste Casentinesi Park;
■ Gran Sasso and Monti della Laga National Park;
■ Majella National Park;
■ Perugia: Church of Sant'Ercolano, Palace of the Priors;
■ Florence: Uffizi Gallery, Palazzo Pitti;
■ Arezzo: Archaeological Museum.
Curious facts
■ In the Apennines there is the famous Carrara quarry, famous for the quality of the marble mined here. Michelangelo Buonarroti used Carrara marble in his work, in particular when creating the sculpture "David".■ It is believed that the name "Apennines" is derived from the word Rep, which in translation from the Celtic language means "top of the rock."
■ The Italian Apennines have their counterpart on the Moon: mountains with this name are located near the Sea of Rains.
■ The first to call the mountain range of the Apennine peninsula the Apennines was the Greek historian Polybius (203-120 BC), the author of a 40-volume historical work “ General history».
■ The city of Genoa, the largest port in Italy, is located in the Ligurian Apennines.
■ Despite the water barrier of the Strait of Messina, the Apennine mountains go beyond the borders of the Apennine peninsula, passing into the territory of the island of Sicily.
■ In 1924, the famous Italian film actor Marcello Mastroianni was born in the small village of Fontana Liri in the Apennines.
■ The Apennine mountains are famous for their lakes. Among the most famous are Lake Trasimene and Campotosto.
The Apennine Peninsula, in addition to the peninsula itself, includes the islands of Sicily, Sardinia, Corsica and smaller ones: Lipari, Elba, etc. Italy and the department of France - Corsica are within its limits. The peninsula is located in the center and has the most pronounced features inherent in the subcontinent.
Of great importance for the formation of natural features is the configuration of the Apennine Peninsula: it is narrow (up to 300 km at its widest point) and stretches from north to south for 750 km.
The Apennine Peninsula is characterized by a mountainous relief, and the mountains are low and elongated from north to south.
The axial part is occupied by the Apennine ranges - low mountains alpine folding (the highest point of Korno is 2914 m). In the north, they are distributed loose rocks of the Paleogene age, mostly clayey. Associated with this is the widespread development of landslide relief. To the south, the mountains are composed of limestone, dissected by tectonic faults into steeply sloping massifs. This part of the Apennines is characterized by karst formation, and the highest massifs bear traces of ancient glaciation. Karst forms, formed by the activity of the sea, are common on the steep slopes of the mountains, close to the coast in the very south. Continuation of the Apennine structures - about. Sicily. The coastal plains along the Tyrrhenian Sea in the north are remnants of the ancient Tyrrhenides, which sank beneath the seas as a result of Neogene fault movements. Volcanic activity has not stopped along the faults: numerous are known (Vesuvius, Etna, Stromboli, etc.). Some areas of the coastal plains have formed on lava sheets, in many places there are hot water outlets. The mountains of Calabria are formed on fragments of the Tyrrhenida in the same way as the mountainous relief of Sardinia and Corsica.
The Mediterranean climate is characteristic of the entire peninsula.
Climatic conditions change from north to south: winter temperatures rise (average January - from 6-7 ° C to 10-12 ° C), summer becomes drier (for three summer months in Naples, an average of about 70 mm of precipitation falls, and in Syracuse - only 20 mm). There are also climatic differences between the western and eastern parts of the region. In general, the climate in the west is warmer and wetter than in the east. In the Apennines, altitudinal zonality is manifested: at the latitude of Rome, summer temperatures exceed 20 ° C to a height of 700-800 m, and in the mountains the snow lies from to. On the plains in winter there are short snowfalls and slight frosts associated with cold intrusions in the rear of cyclones. In general, the region is protected from the entry of cold air masses by the Alps. The warmest region of the Apennine Peninsula is the coast of the Ligurian Sea (the so-called Riviera), covered from the north by the Ligurian Apennines. This is one of the most famous resort areas in the world.
The Apennine peninsulas are short, have an uneven flow: they dry up in the summer, sometimes completely, and during the winter rains they overflow with water. There are also floods, including catastrophic ones.
The vegetation is poorly preserved. Primary forests have been replaced by shrub formations. This also applies to hard-leaved forests on the plains, and broad-leaved or pine forests in the mountains. There are artificial tree plantations, plantings of subtropical crops are widespread.
The region stands out for its agro-climatic, land and diverse recreational resources, which attracts big number people in need of rest and treatment, and tourists. The wealth of the subsoil is small. It should be noted the presence of valuable building and facing material, including the famous white Carrara marble. The resources of the seas washing the peninsula are intensively used.
The region has long been densely populated. Its nature has been greatly altered by various economic activities and needs conservation measures. In a few areas with preserved natural complexes, protected areas have been created. In the Circeo National Park organized in 1934, where hilly coastal plains, dunes, lakes, diverse fauna were taken under protection, in the 70s. 20th century plots of complete reserves were allocated with the prohibition of any activity other than scientific. The park is part of the international system of biosphere reserves. There are several other such territories in the region, as well as a number of wildlife sanctuaries.
The Apennine Peninsula is the largest peninsula in Europe, which is located in the south of the continent. It is washed by the waters of the Mediterranean Sea from three sides, and in the North it intersects with the Alpine Range. Italy is mainly located on the peninsula, as well as some autonomous territories dependent on it. The Apennine Peninsula is a typical example of Mediterranean landscapes and climate. Read about these and other features below.
Geographical position
So, first consider where the Apennine Peninsula is located. The well-known "boot" is located in the very south of Europe, in the Mediterranean Sea. In the west it is washed by the Tyrrhenian Sea, in the east by the Adriatic Sea, and in the southeast by the Ionian Sea. The northern part is separated from the mainland by the Padan Plain, immediately followed by the ridge of the Alps. They are the "filter" of most cyclones that pass over the continent. The total area of the peninsula is 149 thousand square kilometers, the maximum length from north to south reaches 1100 km, and from west to east - up to 300 km.
terrain
To a greater extent, the Apennine Peninsula is a mountainous area. Here is the mountain range of the same name, which covers the entire part of the land and literally goes into the sea with its rocks and cliffs. In the north of the peninsula, the Apennines are connected to the Alps. There is no clear boundary between the two mountain ranges, therefore, from a geological point of view, these two massifs are one. It is worth noting that seismic changes are now taking place in Italy, as a result of which small volcanoes erupt - Stromboli, Etna. The mountain ranges here are covered with dense forests, mostly evergreen. In the south, where the climate becomes especially mild and hot, the rarest species of palm trees and ferns are found. Due to the fact that the peninsula is covered by mountains, the coastline is indented here. On the shores of the seas there are countless quiet bays, which are an excellent place for a secluded holiday.
Weather
Now consider what weather conditions the Apennine Peninsula is famous for. The climate here varies from Mediterranean to continental, depending on the latitudinal zonality. In coastal areas, the weather conditions are mild and gentle. Summer is always warm - up to +30 degrees, while there is no rain. In winter, the humidity level rises, and the temperature drops to +8. In the depths of the continent, seasonal differences are much greater. Summers here are very dry and hot - above +30, and winters are cold, frosts often occur and snow falls. The warmest region of the peninsula is the Riviera - the northern resort area, which is located near the border with France. It is protected from the continent by high mountains, so cold air does not penetrate here.
Inland waters
Far from the longest and full-flowing are the internal waters that cover the Apennine Peninsula with their grid. The rivers here are mostly short, narrow, completely unsuitable for navigation. The longest and deepest of them is Po, which stretches as far as 652 km. It occupies more than a quarter of the length of Italy and flows into the Adriatic Sea basin, as a result of which it forms a delta. The Po has many tributaries that feed it. These are Dora Baltea, Ticino, Adda and many others. Some of them dry up in the summer, but at the end of winter and spring they literally overflow with water, flooding all coastal areas. Another important waterway of the peninsula is the Tiber River, on which the historic city of Rome is located. It is 405 kilometers long and, like the Po, has many tributaries that dry up completely in summer.
Vegetation of the region
The Apennine Peninsula is located mainly in a tropical climate, however, due to the vast mountain range, the local flora is very diverse, and its features depend on the specific region. The territories that are located in the depths of the continent, with their landscape, are more reminiscent of continental latitudes. Evergreen oaks, ferns, many other shrubs and trees grow here. At the same time, in especially cool regions, they often shed their foliage for the winter. At the coast, nature changes dramatically. The climate becomes Mediterranean and the plants turn into tropical ones. These are all kinds of palm trees, undersized tropical shrubs, huge citrus plantations. It is worth noting that the southernmost regions of Italy are literally planted with orange trees. Many of them are combined into private fields and are not grown in the wild, but at home, taking into account all the rules. It is also important to know that most of the reserves on the Apennine Peninsula are created artificially. Seismic destructive processes here often destroyed the entire flora, because people themselves sowed huge territories trees and bushes of various kinds.
Animals, birds and insects
Given the fact where the Apennine Peninsula is located, what climatic zone falls on it and what features the local relief has, it is easy to guess what it will be like here. animal world. There are extremely few mammals here due to the fact that the natural woodland has been repeatedly exterminated. Among this species, only the mountain goat, chamois, moufflons and rams remained. Small mammals here are also not very diverse - it's just a ferret, a hare, hedgehogs and several types of wild cats. The bird fauna here is represented by a much wider range. In mountain ranges, goshawks, vultures, golden eagles, falcons, eagles and other predatory inhabitants of heavenly heights are often found. Ducks, swans, geese, herons live closer to the water bodies, and, of course, there are seagulls and albatrosses of various species near the sea coast. The bird flora in the Alps is considered unique. Grouse, swifts, white partridges, wood grouses and many others live here. Insects, despite the fact that the peninsula is located in the tropics, there are few. There are only spiders, centipedes and other arthropods familiar to us.
Political division of the peninsula
Now consider what Administrative division has the Apennine Peninsula. The countries that are here are exclusively those territories that belong to Italy, which occupies the bulk of these lands. The state stretches from the southern border of the Alps and ends on the island of Sicily. Within its limits there is a country with a special status - the Vatican. It is also the smallest on the planet. Also in the western part of the peninsula is San Marino. This is another tiny country that has more sacred meaning for the Catholic world than political. In fact, it is a republic of Italy.
Conclusion
The Apennine Peninsula is a unique place on earth. Despite the fact that it lies in the tropical zone, the weather here is incredibly diverse. Most of this mini-continent is covered by mountain ranges. Among the peaks there are active volcanoes that correct the seismic activity of the region. And in those areas that are close to the shores of the seas, the climate is much milder and more stable than in the zone of latitudinal zonality. There is a richer flora and fauna, less sudden temperature changes and higher humidity. That is why the coastal areas of Italy are considered one of the best places for a beach holiday.
