“The theme of the Motherland in the lyrics of A. Tvardovsky. The theme of the Motherland in the lyrics of A. Tvardovsky Organizational moment, motivation

Classes: 7 , 8

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Smolensk land. The Smolensk region is a region so generous with famous names. South of Smolensk is the small town of Pochinok (I visit it several times a year), and 12 km from it is the Zagorye farmstead - the place where A.T. was born more than 100 years ago. Tvardovsky.

Lesson objectives:

Tell us about the homeland of A.T. Tvardovsky. Based on biographical facts, determine the themes of the poet’s poems.
Develop the concept of a lyrical hero.
Strengthen skills:
- compare poems by different authors;
- work with the textbook;
- read expressively, conveying the author’s ideas and feelings.
Activate the cognitive activity of students, stimulate and develop mental activity.
To foster a sense of patriotism and pride in one’s small homeland.

Equipment: multimedia projector, screen, Microsoft PowerPoint presentation

During the classes

1. Organizational moment.

Announcing the topic and objectives of the lesson.

2. Updating knowledge.

Comparison as an analysis technique to identify common themes.

Name the poets and singers of your native nature and land known to you. (S. Yesenin, I. Bunin, A. Tolstoy)

What unites these poets and their works? (Love for the native land. Feeling of the connection between man and nature, expression of spiritual moods, human states through a description of nature.)

3. Explanation of new material.(Slide No. 1)

Teacher's opening speech. The personality of a writer is known through his work, and the fundamental principle of personality is a person’s attitude to the places where he was born and raised. A.T. Tvardovsky carried his love for his native land, to his origins throughout his life, not forgetting about it either in years of joy or in times of troubles and separation. The image of his small homeland is visibly present in many of his works. (Slide No. 2)
Working with the textbook. Students reading excerpts from the poet’s “Autobiography”.

(before the words “Since that time I have been writing...” Literature. 7th grade. Educational anthology for general educational institutions. In 2 hours / Author-author V.Ya. Korovin)

So, the poet was born on the Zagorye farm of the Pochinkovsky district of the Smolensk region on June 21 (8), 1910 in the family of a rural blacksmith; as you know, blacksmiths have always been the most necessary and respected people in the village. On his father's side, Tvardovsky's ancestors were farmers and blacksmiths; on his mother's side, they were military men, they owned estates, went bankrupt, and became single-lords. Zagorye and Pochinok, the Luchesa River, Borki - these names are components of Tvardovsky’s small homeland. The house in which the poet was born has not survived to this day. Years of repression and war wiped Zagorje off the face of the earth. (Slide No. 3) In the fall of 1943, Tvardovsky, together with units of the 32nd Cavalry Division, found himself near his native farm and was shocked by what he saw: “I didn’t even recognize the ashes of my father’s house. Not a tree, not a garden, not a brick or post from a building - everything is covered with bad, tall grass, like hemp, that usually grows on ashes. I haven’t found at all a single sign of that piece of land that, when I close my eyes, I can imagine every speck with which all the best that is in me is connected.” (But not everyone knows that the farm died not during the war, but much earlier, when the Tvardovsky family was evicted from there.) [ 1 ]

The Zagorye Farm Museum opened on June 21, 1988. But first a huge amount of restoration work was done. The first memorial stone appeared on the Zagorye farm. Tvardovsky’s brothers, Ivan Trifonovich and Konstantin Trifonovich, and his sister Anna Trifonovna, (Slide No. 4) provided great assistance in the creation of the museum. The poet’s younger brother Ivan Trifonovich Tvardovsky, who then lived in the Krasnoyarsk Territory, made drawings of the farm and the interior of the house. And then he moved to his homeland, he made all the furniture for the exhibition himself, Ivan Trifonovich was the director and caretaker of the museum until the end of his days. (Ivan Trifonovich Tvardovsky passed away on June 19, 2003. He was buried in the village of Seltso, which is located a kilometer from the farm)

Beginning of the correspondence tour of Zagorje. (Slide No. 5)

On the territory of the museum complex there is a house with an attached barnyard. There are no authentic items in the museum, since the poet’s family - parents, brothers, sisters - were repressed and deported to the Trans-Urals. Before you is the simple life of a family. On the wall there is a clock with a pendulum, a mirror in a carved frame. A stove and a wooden partition separate the bedroom, where there is an iron bed for parents and a bed for children. Opposite the door there is a large closet that divides the room into two parts. On the table, covered with a lace tablecloth, is a huge samovar. Nearby there is a hard wooden sofa and several Viennese chairs. There is a chest of drawers in the corner. He is wearing a foreign-made sewing machine. Homespun rugs are laid on the floor. In the other “red” corner of the room, under the “images of holy saints,” there is a corner table with a stack of books.

To the left is a hanger with painted towels. Items characterizing the period of the 1920-1930s were collected by researchers from the Smolensk Museum-Reserve during expeditions to the villages surrounding Zagorye in the Pochinkovsky district. (Slide No. 7)

(Slide No. 8) In the barnyard there is a stall for a cow and a horse, as in an ordinary peasant farm. It was possible to enter here through the cold entryway from the house, so as not to walk in the cold and snow in winter.
(Slide No. 9) In front of the house you can see a hay barn and a bathhouse in which the young village correspondent A.T. worked. – this is how Tvardovsky signed his first notes in the newspaper “Smolenskaya Derevnya”.

(Slide No. 10) Behind the house, a little further away, there is a blacksmith shop. It contains a forge with bellows, an anvil, and blacksmith’s tools can be seen on the walls.

(Slide No. 11) A well, a young spruce forest, an apple orchard - these are also details of a former life:

A trained student reads expressively from the textbook “Brothers” (1933).

(the footnote at the end of the poem is explained) The poet wrote about the bitter fate of the Tvardovsky family in his works, for example, in the poem “Brothers” (1933):

How are you brother?
Where are you, brother?
What are you doing, brother?
On which White Sea Canal?

This is about the elder brother Konstantin, and about all the brother people who, as enemies of the people, were herded to the construction of the White Sea Canal. All the hardships of life in the harsh taiga region fell on the fragile shoulders of Maria Mitrofanovna, because... the father was constantly away from the family, earning his daily bread.

4. Primary application of acquired knowledge.

Questions for the class:

1) So, with what events in the Tvardovsky family is the ending of the poem connected?

2) What do you know about the concept of a lyrical hero?

Help: A lyrical hero is the image of that hero in a lyrical work, whose experiences, thoughts and feelings are reflected in it. It is by no means identical to the image of the author, although it reflects his personal experiences associated with certain events in his life, with his attitude to nature, social life, and people. Any personal experience of a poet only becomes a fact of art when it is an artistic expression of feelings and thoughts that are typical of many people. Lyrics are characterized by both generalization and fiction. [2]

It is known that the basis of a lyrical work is an artistic thought, given in the form of direct experience. But we must not forget that lyrical experiences are closely related to the real life of the one who creates this experience. [3]

3) What feelings does the lyrical hero experience when remembering his childhood?

5. Checking homework.

Students recite the poet’s poems by heart: “The snow has darkened blue...”, “July is the crown of summer...”, “We played along the smoky ravines...”, “At the bottom of my life...”, “On the day the war ended...”, “I I know it’s not my fault...” and etc.

Activating students' thinking .

Questions for the class:

What did the poet write about? What life values did he affirm through his work?
Do you agree with the words of A.I. Solzhenitsyn, who noted “the Russian character, the peasantry, the earthiness, the inaudible nobility of Tvardovsky’s best poems”?
What are the main themes of his poems?
What questions torment the front-line poet?

Conclusion: Tvardovsky’s landscape lyrics are distinguished by their philosophical nature and visual power (“July is the crown of summer”). The world of childhood and youth on the Zagorye farm sounds in many of the poet’s works: from the first to the last - in the poem “By the Right of Memory.” The theme of the “Small Motherland”, the line of “memory” becomes the main one in the poet’s work. Turning to the past, to memory allows you to comprehend the highest moments of existence. Memory feeds the poet’s lyricism and restores what was true happiness and joy.

Continuation of the correspondence excursion.

As you know, all children grow up and sooner or later leave their home. This is what happened with Tvardovsky: his beloved region was a remote place that did not provide the opportunity to develop his talent, in which the poet himself was very confident. But Trifon Gordeevich’s attitude towards his son’s passion for literature was complex and contradictory: he was either proud of him, or doubted the well-being of his future fate if he took up literary work. The father preferred reliable peasant work to the “fun” of writing, a hobby that he believed his son should develop. Let us turn to the “Autobiography” of the poet.

Working with the textbook. Students read an excerpt from Autobiography. (Since 1924...the cause of significant changes in my life") (Slide No. 12)

At the eighteenth year of his life, Alexander Trifonovich Tvardovsky left his native Zagorje. By this time, he had already been to Smolensk more than once, once visited Moscow, personally met M.V. Isakovsky, and became the author of several dozen published poems. The big world beckoned to him. But the separation was not easy. After moving to Moscow, A. T. Tvardovsky most keenly felt the connection with his small homeland. (Slide No. 13) And the classic unforgettable lines were born:

I'm happy.
I'm glad
With the thought of living with your beloved,
What's in my native country
There is my native land.
And I'm still pleased -
Let the reason be funny -
What in the world is mine
Pochinok station.

Pochinok station (1936).

(Slide No. 15) There is another memorable place in the city of Pochinok. On the central square of the city, next to the House of Culture, on June 21, 2010, on the 100th anniversary of the poet’s birth, a bust of A. T. Tvardovsky, authored by sculptor Andrei Kovalchuk, was inaugurated.

Residents of the Smolensk region are proud of their famous fellow countryman and sacredly cherish everything connected with his name. After all, the most precious thing that every person has is the place where he was born, his small homeland, and it is always in his heart.

In the poem Vasily Terkin (chapter “About myself”) Tvardovsky wrote:

I left home once
The road called into the distance.
The loss was no small
But the sadness was light.
And for years with tender sadness -
Between any other worries -
Father's corner, my old world
I have a shore in my soul.

7. Reflection and summing up the lesson

Questions for the class: What new did we learn today? Could you now distinguish Tvardovsky's poems from the poems of other poets? Has your perception of previously learned poems changed? Which tasks did you like best?

Conclusion:

Without a doubt, the Smolensk region was a moral and aesthetic support in the work of A.T. Tvardovsky. She nourished with her life-giving juices the enormous talent of the great Russian poet, who deeply reflected in his best poems and poems.

Making marks.

Homework: read the memoirs about Tvardovsky in the textbook, use them when preparing a story about the poet.

Bibliography:

Farm "Zagorye" - museum-estate of A.T. Tvardovsky http://kultura.admin-smolensk.ru/476/museums/sagorie/ ;
Literature: Reference. Materials: Book. for students / L64 S.V. Turaev, L.I. Timofeev, K.D. Vishnevsky and others - M.: Education, 1989. P.80 - 81.;
Skvoznikov V.D. Lyrics // Theory of Literature: Fundamentals. problem in history lighting – M., 1964. – Book 2: Types and genres of literature. – P.175.;
Romanova R.M. Alexander Tvardovsky: Pages of life and creativity: Book. for students of Art. classes cf. school – M.: Education, 1989. – 60 p.;
Tvardovsky A.T. Poems. Poems. – M.: Artist. lit., 1984. – 559 p. (Classics and contemporaries. Poetic book);
“Small Motherland” in the poetry of A. T. Tvardovsky: reading the lyrical lines... http://www.rodichenkov.ru/biblioteka/;
In the homeland of Tvardovsky http://lit.1september.ru/article.php?ID=200401210;
The museum-estate of A.T. Tvardovsky is 15 years old http://www.museum.ru/N13689.

Composition

The theme of the Motherland is opened by the poem “About the Motherland” (1946). The author shows the vast expanses of Russia, its geography, famous places: “the warm sea of Crimea”, “the coast of the Caucasus”, “a fishing village on the Volga”, “the heart of the Urals”, new cities of Siberia and the Far East. The picture of the country gives rise to a feeling of scale, superiority, and pride. But this love for the big country is closely intertwined with the love for the “small homeland.” At first glance, she appears unremarkable. But her modest, simple description is imbued with the sincere love of the lyrical hero. For him, this small, unknown side is the best place on earth. Here are his roots, his heart:

The side is not rich in anything,

And that’s already dear to me,

What's there at random sometime

My soul was born.

He remembers her during the war, in foreign countries. Over the years, it becomes more and more dear. Here he experienced happiness and learned the “sacrament of his native speech.” Through his small homeland, the poet sees a huge country and feels responsible for it. It is with love for the small homeland, mother, that love for the whole country begins, patriotism is born, which made it possible to win a difficult war. And no matter where life takes you, no matter how it changes, a deep feeling for his small native land is alive in his heart:

But only before and now

My side is dearer to me -

For one reason only,

That you only get one life.

It would seem that the poet is speaking old, familiar words, but they touch the soul with their sincerity, simplicity and sincerity. It is the feeling of love, affection, closeness to one’s native land that gives a person strength and moral support. This is not loud pathos, but a simple truth, which A. Tvardovsky defends.

The theme of the Motherland is present in almost every poem by A. Tvardovsky. In the programmatic poem “I was killed near Rzhev,” the image of the mother turns from concrete to symbolic. He personifies all of Russia. Naive and close to the heart motives of the Motherland are heard in the poem “Vasily Terkin” (the return of a soldier to the Smolensk region), in “The Country of Ant”:

The earth in length and breadth -

All around us.

Sow one bobble

And that one is yours.

The theme of the present and future of Russia becomes the main one in the poem “Beyond the Distance.” The poem was completed in the early 60s. The plot is based on the journey of the lyrical hero across Russia on the Trans-Siberian Express. The journey lasts ten days. First, the author shows the geography of Russia. At the same time, it receives a historical and philosophical explanation. Therefore, the road takes on a symbolic character. This is a symbol of Russian life. Along with the endless expanses, the author also depicts specific manifestations of her life. The lyrical hero crosses the “middle of his native land” - the Volga, then the Urals, taiga Siberia, and the Far East. These geographical images also take on symbolic overtones. The Volga is traditionally associated with Stepan Razin, barge haulers, and later with the construction of the Volga-Don Canal, which expanded the capabilities of this river. That is why the author affectionately calls it Mother Volga, which absorbs seven thousand rivers. The Urals, the supporting edge of the state, are poetically depicted. This is the main forge of the country. During the war years, it provided the troops with equipment. The description of Siberia allows the author to talk about courageous and strong Siberians. They will never let you down or betray you.

If the description of the Volga, the Urals, and Siberia is given from the train window, then on the Angara the lyrical hero becomes a direct participant in the events. He composes a hymn to human labor and compares the conquest of the Angara with a battle on the battlefield. Nature resembles a living creature that resists people. The Angara is boiling more and more, but conquest will definitely happen. The author admires the courage of the builders and describes their work as a feat. At the same time, it shows that among the people there are opportunists who went to Siberia for the “big ruble.” The theme of “small homeland” arises again in the poem. The story about Father Ural evokes in the memory of the lyrical hero a picture of childhood. The chapter “Two Forges” shows the Urals and Zagorye, without which the lyrical hero cannot imagine his life. If the Urals are the forge of all Russia, then Zagorye is the forge of the author. Here he touches on the topic of the historical past. At the Taishet station, the lyrical hero meets his childhood friend. The friend’s story shocks the hero, as he survived the terrible times of the cult of personality. Thus, each chapter of the poem is symbolic, it opens the reader one distance after another. The word “distance” itself takes on a different meaning - it is not only a natural phenomenon, but also the future of Russia:

Thank you, Motherland, for the happiness

To be with you on your journey.

Behind a new difficult pass -

Take a breath

Together with you.

... She is mine - your victory,

She is mine - your sadness...

A. Tvardovsky never separated himself from the fate of his country. The lines from the song can rightly be attributed to him: “...to be sad with you, my land, and to celebrate with you.” Indeed, the word “Motherland” should not be an abstract concept. She is inseparable from us. This is part of our soul, our strength. Preserving its traditions and increasing its wealth depends on us. The responsibility of everyone for their own destiny, for their fatherland, ultimately determines our future.

A. Tvardovsky had a difficult time - the Great Patriotic War, post-war devastation, years of great upheaval, construction of a new world. But no matter how severe the trials, he always remained faithful to the ideals of serving the Motherland. That is why he volunteered for the war and was with his country in sorrow and joy. The word “homeland” itself contains a great meaning - something native, close, dear.
The theme of the Motherland is opened by the poem “About the Motherland” (1946). The author shows the vast expanses of Russia, its geography, famous places: “the warm sea of Crimea”, “the coast of the Caucasus”, “a fishing village on the Volga”, “the heart of the Urals”, new cities of Siberia and the Far East. The picture of the country gives rise to a feeling of scale, superiority, and pride. But this love for the big country is closely intertwined with the love for the “small homeland.” At first glance, she appears unremarkable. But her modest, simple description is imbued with the sincere love of the lyrical hero. For him, this small, unknown side is the best place on earth. Here are his roots, his heart:
The side is not rich in anything,
And that’s already dear to me,
What's there at random sometime
My soul was born.
He remembers her during the war, in foreign countries. Over the years, it becomes more and more dear. Here he experienced happiness and learned the “sacrament of his native speech.” Through his small homeland, the poet sees a huge country and feels responsible for it. It is with love for the small homeland, mother, that love for the whole country begins, patriotism is born, which made it possible to win a difficult war. And no matter where life takes you, no matter how it changes, a deep feeling for his small native land is alive in his heart:
But only before and now
My side is dearer to me
For one reason only,
That you only get one life.
It would seem that the poet is speaking old, familiar words, but they touch the soul with their sincerity, simplicity and sincerity. It is the feeling of love, affection, closeness to one’s native land that gives a person strength and moral support. This is not loud pathos, but a simple truth, which A. Tvardovsky defends.
The theme of the Motherland is present in almost every poem by A. Tvardovsky. In the programmatic poem “I was killed near Rzhev,” the image of the mother turns from concrete to symbolic. He personifies all of Russia. Naive and close to the heart motives of the Motherland are heard in the poem “Vasily Terkin” (the return of a soldier to the Smolensk region), in “The Country of Ant”:
The earth in length and breadth -
All around us.
Sow one bobble
And that one is yours.
The theme of the present and future of Russia becomes the main one in the poem “Beyond the Distance.” The poem was completed in the early 60s. The plot is based on the journey of the lyrical hero across Russia on the Trans-Siberian Express. The journey lasts ten days. First, the author shows the geography of Russia. At the same time, it receives a historical and philosophical explanation. Therefore, the road takes on a symbolic character. This is a symbol of Russian life. Along with the endless expanses, the author also depicts specific manifestations of her life. The lyrical hero crosses the “middle of his native land” - the Volga, then the Urals, taiga Siberia, and the Far East. These geographical images also take on symbolic overtones. The Volga is traditionally associated with Stepan Razin, barge haulers, and later with the construction of the Volga-Don Canal, which expanded the capabilities of this river. That is why the author affectionately calls it Mother Volga, which absorbs seven thousand rivers. The Urals, the supporting edge of the state, are poetically depicted. This is the main forge of the country. During the war years, it provided the troops with equipment. The description of Siberia allows the author to talk about courageous and strong Siberians. They will never let you down or betray you.
If the description of the Volga, the Urals, and Siberia is given from the train window, then on the Angara the lyrical hero becomes a direct participant in the events. He composes a hymn to human labor and compares the conquest of the Angara with a battle on the battlefield. Nature resembles a living creature that resists people. The Angara is boiling more and more, but conquest will definitely happen. The author admires the courage of the builders and describes their work as a feat. At the same time, it shows that among the people there are opportunists who went to Siberia for the “big ruble.” The theme of “small homeland” arises again in the poem. The story about Father Ural evokes in the memory of the lyrical hero a picture of childhood. The chapter “Two Forges” shows the Urals and Zagorye, without which the lyrical hero cannot imagine his life. If the Urals are the forge of all Russia, then Zagorye is the forge of the author. Here he touches on the topic of the historical past. At the Taishet station, the lyrical hero meets his childhood friend. The friend’s story shocks the hero, as he survived the terrible times of the cult of personality. Thus, each chapter of the poem is symbolic, it opens the reader one distance after another. The word “distance” itself takes on a different meaning - it is not only a natural phenomenon, but also the future of Russia:
Thank you, Motherland, for the happiness
To be with you on your journey.
Behind a new difficult pass -
Take a breath
Together with you.
... She is mine - your victory,
She is mine - your sadness...
A. Tvardovsky never separated himself from the fate of his country. The lines from the song can rightly be attributed to him: “...to be sad with you, my land, and to celebrate with you.” Indeed, the word “Motherland” should not be an abstract concept. She is inseparable from us. This is part of our soul, our strength. Preserving its traditions and increasing its wealth depends on us. The responsibility of everyone for their own destiny, for their fatherland, ultimately determines our future.

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The theme of the Motherland in the lyrics of A. Tvardovsky

Undoubtedly, war lyrics occupies a significant place in the work of A.T. Tvardovsky, but the poet’s works also touch on other topics – theme of the motherland, poet and poetry, love and etc.

The theme of “small homeland” was one of the dominant themes in Tvardovsky’s lyrics. The poet was born in the village of Zagorye, Smolensk province, who was forever embodied in the famous lines. These are the poems “A Thousand Miles Away”, “I Remember How My Grandfather Died”, “About the Motherland”, “Cruel Memory”, “Behind the Open Window”, etc.

In the poem “About the Motherland,” the poet paints colorful pictures of those famous lands in which he could have been born - Crimea, Volga, Ural, Siberia. Tvardovsky admits that his native side is still dearer to him, albeit unknown, but his own, if only because it was in its vastness that his soul was born:

But only before and now
My side is dearer to me–
For one reason only,
That you only get one life.

Tvardovsky’s theme of the homeland forever merges with the images of the people the poet loves. In the poem “I remember how my grandfather died,” the pain from the loss of my grandfather takes on a philosophical sound - the author talks about death and the memory that a person leaves behind:

I believe that my departure, too,
Appointed for tomorrow or for old age,
Will invite living friends to participate–
And I will not be left alone with death.

In his poems (“Country Ant”, “Vasily Terkin”, “House on the Road”) Tvardovsky declared himself as a a poet of epic proportions. The epic nature of the poet’s talent is also noticeable in his lyrical cycles (“In Memory of Mother”), related to the theme of “small homeland.”

“In Memory of a Mother” includes both the poet’s reflections on the tragic fate of his mother and a philosophical rethinking of the meaning of the mother in the fate of every person. Maria Mitrofanovna was repressed and taken to Siberia in 1930. In his cycle, Tvardovsky captured the grief of the Russian soul for its native places, longing for its former life. It is no coincidence that the cycle often contains notes of folk songs, harmoniously flowing into the poet’s lines. One of the main motives of the cycle was motive of separation. The author philosophically rethinks separation from his mother - not the one dictated by death, but hundreds of small separations that happen when a young soul strives for freedom - into an independent life:

... give us handkerchiefs and socks
Kind hands will lay them down,
And we, fearing delay,
We are eager for the appointed separation.

“In Memory of Mother” also became evidence of the awareness of collectivization and dispossession as a national tragedy.

A large place in Tvardovsky’s lyrics is occupied by traditional dl. In Russian literature, the theme of the poet and poetry: “About Existence”, “To Fellow Writers”, “A Word about Words”, “To My Critics”, etc. “Take heart for a difficult task, // Fight, rage and get into trouble"- this is the author’s creative credo. Tvardovsky actively defended the right to his own literary style, to the relevance and timelessness of his works. The poet understands creativity as a discovery, and vanity, everyday routine and fame are perceived by him as pathetic and petty misunderstandings. The most authoritative poet, editor of Novy Mir, Tvardovsky could speak openly with his contemporaries, defending the principle “ without retreating, be yourself". The poet was extremely demanding of himself and his colleagues: “It’s true, it’s not the gods who fire the pots, // But it’s the masters who fire them!” Considering that " a word is also a matter", the poet placed enormous responsibility on those who were given the talent and desire to speak.

Poems about love are few in number in Tvardovsky's works. As a rule, love is understood broadly by the poet: it is a feeling for a woman, and a feeling for one’s native land, it is both friendship and deep affection. The main thing for the author is a feeling of kinship with a loved one (homeland, etc.), a feeling of “elbow”.

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The side is not rich in anything,

And that’s already dear to me,

What's there at random sometime

My soul was born.

But only before and now

My side is dearer to me -

For one reason only,

That you only get one life.

The earth in length and breadth -

All around us.

Sow one bobble

And that one is yours.

If the description of the Volga, the Urals, and Siberia is given from the train window, then on the Angara the lyrical hero becomes a direct participant in the events. He composes a hymn to human labor and compares the conquest of the Angara with a battle on the battlefield. Nature resembles a living creature that resists people. The Angara is boiling more and more, but conquest will definitely happen. The author admires the courage of the builders and describes their work as a feat. At the same time, it shows that among the people there are opportunists who went to Siberia for the “big ruble.” The theme of “small homeland” arises again in the poem. The story about Father Ural evokes in the memory of the lyrical hero a picture of childhood. The chapter “Two Forges” shows the Urals and Zagorye, without which the lyrical hero cannot imagine his life. If the Urals are the forge of all Russia, then Zagorye is the forge of the author. Here he touches on the topic of the historical past. At the Taishet station, the lyrical hero meets his childhood friend. The friend’s story shocks the hero, as he survived the terrible times of the cult of personality. Thus, each chapter of the poem is symbolic, it opens the reader one distance after another. The word “distance” itself takes on a different meaning – it is not only a natural phenomenon, but also the future of Russia:

Thank you, Motherland, for the happiness

To be with you on your journey.

Behind a new difficult pass -

Take a breath

Together with you.

…. She is mine - your victory,

She is mine - your sadness...

A. Tvardovsky never separated himself from the fate of his country. The lines from the song can rightly be attributed to him: “... to be sad with you, my land, and to celebrate with you.” Indeed, the word “Motherland” should not be an abstract concept. She is inseparable from us. This is part of our soul, our strength. Preserving its traditions and increasing its wealth depends on us. The responsibility of everyone for their own destiny, for their fatherland, ultimately determines our future.