Peter 2 origin. The last of the Romanovs. The great tragedy of the little emperor. Accession to the throne

Emperor Peter II lived a short and rebellious life. From birth, entangled in a network of palace intrigues, he had virtually no influence on the fate of the country and at the age of fourteen he died of smallpox.

A web of intrigue from birth

Deprived of parental affection, Pyotr Alekseevich grew like grass in a meadow: they taught him “something and somehow” and practically did not educate him. In the meantime, Peter I died, the throne was taken by his widow, Empress Catherine I, and real power was in the hands of His Serene Highness Prince Alexander Menshikov. The cunning schemer watched with alarm as the health and strength of Catherine I melted away, plunging into a crazy whirlwind of pleasures and entertainment. He needed to take care of the future. And Menshikov begins to court the heir to the throne - young Pyotr Alekseevich. The child, yearning for affection, reached out to the “blessed one”; he even began to call “father” the man who signed the death warrant for his real father! Meanwhile, the “father” hastened to betroth the “little prince” to his daughter Maria. With the help of this “rose” Menshikov hoped to strengthen his influence on Peter.

A little prince

Catherine I dies, and an 11-year-old boy becomes emperor. “He is one of the finest princes you can meet; he has extreme good looks and extraordinary liveliness,” the French diplomat Lavi writes about Peter. The young sovereign promised to imitate the Roman Emperor Titus, who tried to act in such a way that no one left him with a sad face. Unfortunately, Peter did not keep this promise...

Osterman

Menshikov was in a hurry to “strike while the iron is hot”: he transported the crowned youth to his own home, and the sovereign’s bride Maria received the title of imperial highness. “His Serene Highness” sent some ill-wishers into exile, and bribed others with high positions.

The young sovereign, who completely trusted the “father,” resignedly signed any decree he drew up. But Menshikov made a big mistake with the Tsar’s tutor. He assigned to Peter the crafty German Osterman, who pretended to be a devoted supporter of the “most luminous.” In fact, Osterman hated the all-powerful temporary worker and, together with the princely Dolgoruky clan, prepared his downfall. The cunning German was a good psychologist. Osterman's lessons fascinated Peter so much that the boy, as soon as he woke up early in the morning, almost ran to class. And the teacher gradually turned the young tsar against Menshikov.

Imperial Wrath

One day, his subjects presented the sovereign with a hefty sum. Peter ordered to send money to his lady love - Elizabeth. Having learned about this, Menshikov intercepted the messenger and unceremoniously pocketed the royal gift. Peter was furious, he called the prince “on the carpet” and gave a formal dressing down. “I’ll show you which of us is the emperor!” raged the young tsar, in whom the violent temper of his grandfather, Peter the Great, leapt up. The stunned Menshikov had to return the money to Elizabeth.

Changing favorite

In September, the prince organized a magnificent celebration at his estate. Peter promised to be there, but didn’t come. And then the annoyed Menshikov made a fatal mistake: during the service in the chapel, he demonstratively stood in the royal place. The prince’s “well-wishers,” of course, reported to Peter. This outburst put an end to Menshikov’s dizzying career: the “semi-sovereign ruler” was arrested and exiled with his family to Berezov. The tsar’s new favorite was Ivan Dolgoruky, a spendthrift and reveler known throughout St. Petersburg.

With the fall of Menshikov, Peter felt completely independent. He stopped studying and abandoned government affairs. According to the memoirs of a contemporary, “the only thing the emperor does is roam the streets all day and night with Princess Elizabeth, visiting chamberlain Ivan Dolgoruky, pages, cooks and God knows who else.” Dolgoruky accustomed the young sovereign to revelry and debauchery, distracting him from any serious activities.

Peter’s character also changed for the worse: the “little prince” became hot-tempered, capricious and irritable. Most of all, he fell in love with hunting, with a magnificent retinue he went into the forests and chased prey for weeks. And the state was “ruled” by the Dolgoruky clan, and under their “sensitive leadership” things in the country went worse and worse.

At the end of 1729, the presumptuous princes, in the words of the Spanish diplomat de Liria, “opened the second volume of Menshikov’s stupidity.” Repeating the mistake of the “most illustrious”, they decided to present Peter with their own “rose” - to marry Ekaterina Dolgoruky. Prince Ivan convinced Peter to announce the upcoming marriage. The Tsar reluctantly gave in to his favorite, but the courtiers noticed that at the betrothal ball Peter looked displeased and paid almost no attention to the bride.

Hateful life

In December 1729, the Tsar became seriously ill, Elizabeth came to visit her nephew. The 14-year-old boy was sad and said that he was fed up with life and would soon die. The words turned out to be prophetic: on January 19, 1730, Peter II died of smallpox.

In Saint-Exupéry's fairy tale, the Little Prince finds himself on a planet full of wonderful roses. But their beauty seems cold and empty to him. “You are not at all like my rose,” he told them. - You are nothing yet. No one has tamed you, and you have not tamed anyone.” The prince from the fairy tale was lucky - he had a Rose. But the Russian “little prince” never found his Rose among the many bright and lush flowers.

Peter II Alekseevich Romanov (1715-1730) - Russian emperor who reigned in 1727-1730. He was the grandson of Peter I and the son of Tsarevich Alexei (1690-1718). The boy's mother is the German princess Sophia-Charlotte of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel (1694-1715). Pyotr Alekseevich was the last direct representative of the Romanov family in the male line.

Portrait of Peter II
(artist I. Wedekind, 1730)

After the death of his father, he was under the supervision of the main tsar's favorite Menshikov, who selected teachers for the boy. But they didn’t give the child any deep knowledge. Peter I never considered his grandson as a direct heir to the throne. Another Peter grew up in the emperor’s family, born from a love affair with Catherine.

The situation was aggravated by the sovereign’s attitude towards his son Alexei. He, by the will of the emperor, abdicated the throne, was accused of treason and strangled in prison. The father's abdication automatically deprived his son of the right to inherit the crown.

However, in 1719, the heir from the marriage of the Tsar and Catherine died. The only men left in the family were the sovereign himself and his half-grandson, deprived of the crown. Near the latter, well-born boyars began to group, pushed away from state affairs by Peter's reformers. The main oppositionists were the Dolgoruky family. They began to take care of the boy in every possible way.

In 1725, the Russian reformer emperor died suddenly. He did not have time to appoint an heir, and his wife Catherine I took power into her own hands, relying on His Serene Highness Prince Menshikov and the guard. During her reign, the Supreme Privy Council was created, which concentrated all real power in the state in its hands.

The Mother Empress was in poor health. Menshikov, seeing this, decided to play it safe and began to win over the young Grand Duke Peter Alekseevich to his side. When the empress became seriously ill, Menshikov convinced her to sign a will, according to which, after her death, the throne was to pass to the young Grand Duke, who was 11 years old at that time. However, the condition was set that the young emperor would marry Maria, Menshikov’s daughter.

Reign of Peter II (1727-1730)

Catherine I died on May 6, 1727 at the age of 43. Peter II Alekseevich Romanov ascended the throne. This was the third Russian emperor from the Romanov dynasty. But taking into account his young age, he had to be looked after by the Supreme Privy Council until he was 16 years old. However, the young sovereign immediately ordered his grandmother Evdokia Lopukhina to be rescued from the Suzdal monastery. She was transported to the Novodevichy Convent in Moscow and given decent maintenance.

Meanwhile, the de facto ruler of the Russian Empire, Menshikov, moved the sovereign to his home. And at the end of May 1727 he was engaged to Mary. The girl at that time was 16 years old, and the boy was only 11. Everything turned out as planned by His Serene Highness the Prince and the former favorite of the reformer emperor.

Portrait of Maria Menshikova

However, in the summer Menshikov fell ill and lay in bed for a month and a half. This time was enough for the opposition to turn the young sovereign against him. Already at the beginning of September, the emperor left the house of his Serene Highness. Literally 2 days later, the recently powerful ruler was accused of high treason, embezzlement of the treasury and exiled to the distant Tobolsk region along with his entire family, including Maria.

There His Serene Highness died in the city of Berezovsk in November 1729 at the age of 56 years. And on December 26 of the same year, the failed Empress Maria died at the age of 18.

Meanwhile, the young emperor quickly grew up and matured. Contemporaries noted that his character was difficult and capricious. The boy did not want to study and abandoned his studies. He became interested in hunting, which was encouraged in every possible way by his surroundings, consisting of empty-minded and narrow-minded people.

The family of princes Dolgoruky became stronger at the imperial court. They began to persuade the sovereign to move from St. Petersburg to Moscow. With this they wanted to bring back the good old days and again make the capital the capital.

The Emperor succumbed to persuasion, and his arrival in Moscow began with the coronation. It took place on February 25, 1728 on the territory of the Kremlin in the Assumption Cathedral. This was the very first coronation of the Russian Emperor. She served as a model for subsequent coronations.

At the end of November 1728, the sovereign’s 14-year-old sister, Natalya Alekseevna, died. The young man loved her very much and was very worried about the death of a person dear to him.

Taking advantage of the ruler's youth, the Dolgorukys settled tightly in the Supreme Privy Council. Ivan Dolgoruky became the closest to the emperor. He constantly accompanied the sovereign on hunts, organized revelries and various dubious adventures.

The family decided to strengthen their position by marrying Peter II to Ivan’s sister, Princess Catherine Dolgorukaya (1712-1747). She was a sweet and beautiful girl. The young people got engaged on November 30, 1729. The wedding was scheduled for January 19, 1730.

Portrait of Ekaterina Dolgoruky

Death of Peter II

As they say, man proposes, but God disposes. The Tsar hosted the parade on January 6, 1730. It was bitterly cold, and the young man caught a cold. Immediately after the parade, he developed a fever and smallpox. And on January 19, 1730, Peter II Alekseevich Romanov died at the age of 14. With his death, the Romanov family in the male line was interrupted. The sovereign was buried on the territory of the Kremlin in the Archangel Cathedral. An epitaph was placed on the gravestone.

The Dolgoruky family tried to deceive everyone and presented a false will of the tsar in the name of Ekaterina Dolgoruky, who was engaged to him. But the boyars, led by Prince D. M. Golitsyn, rejected the machinations of the family and called the Duchess of Courland Anna Ioannovna (1693-1740) to the throne. She was the daughter of Tsar Ivan Alekseevich, co-ruler of Peter I.

There lived a woman in the capital of Courland, Mitau, and an embassy urgently went to her with conditions (conditions). They stated that the power of the Empress would be limited in favor of the Supreme Privy Council. Anna signed the conditions and arrived in Moscow. A new stage in the history of the Russian Empire began.

Alexey Starikov

The son of Tsarevich Alexei Petrovich from his second marriage to Princess Sophia-Charlotte of Blankenburg, who died ten days after his birth. At the age of three he lost his father. Peter I did not love his grandson and neglected his upbringing. After the death in 1719 of Pyotr Petrovich, the emperor’s son from Catherine I, Russian society began to regard him as the only legitimate heir to the imperial crown. Peter I, however, issued a decree in 1722 on his right to appoint his successor, thereby violating the established order of succession to the throne. After the death of Peter I, the all-powerful A.D. Menshikov achieved the proclamation of Catherine I as empress; the attempt of the old aristocracy (Dolgoruky, Golitsyn, G.I. Golovkin, A.I. Repnin) to place ten-year-old Peter on the throne failed. Nevertheless, the empress brought Peter closer to her and throughout her reign showed him signs of attention.

Anticipating the imminent death of Catherine I, not wanting the throne to pass to her daughters and taking into account the popularity of Peter among the people and among the nobility, A.D. Menshikov, trying to secure his future, decided to support the candidacy of the prince, planning to marry him to his eldest daughter Maria, and convinced the dying empress sign a will in his favor.

Peter II ascended the throne on May 7 (18), 1727. At first, he was entirely under the influence of A.D. Menshikov, who moved him to his house on Vasilyevsky Island and betrothed him to his daughter on May 24 (June 4); A.I. Osterman, who was assisted by A.G. Dolgoruky, Academician Goldbach and Feofan Prokopovich, retained the position of teacher under him. In July 1727, during the illness of A.D. Menshikov, a strong court opposition formed against him (A.I. Osterman, Dolgoruky and Tsarevna Elizaveta Petrovna), which, skillfully using the young emperor’s dissatisfaction with the despotic temporary worker, achieved his fall in early September. On September 8 (19), Peter II announced the beginning of his independent reign and the breaking of his engagement with Maria Menshikova.

After the disgrace of A.D. Menshikov, the courtyard became the arena of the struggle for influence on young Peter II between A.I. Osterman, the Golitsyns and the Dolgorukys. A.I. Osterman was supported by Natalya Alekseevna, the emperor’s sister, the Golitsyns attracted his aunt Elizaveta Petrovna, for whom he had tender feelings, to their side, and the Dolgorukys took advantage of Peter’s friendly affection for the young Ivan Dolgoruky. At the beginning of 1728, the court moved to Moscow, where on February 24 (March 7) the coronation of the thirteen-year-old emperor took place; a manifesto issued on this occasion announced a relief of the tax burden and a mitigation of punishments for convicts. Despite the efforts of A.I. Osterman, other figures of the Peter the Great era, the Austrian and Spanish ambassadors to encourage Peter II to return to St. Petersburg, he did not leave the ancient capital until the end of his days.

The emperor was practically not involved in state affairs, devoting all his time to entertainment, especially hunting with dogs and falcons, baiting bears and fist fights; A.I. Osterman's attempts to convince him to continue his education were unsuccessful. Indulging all the desires of Peter II, the Dolgorukies by the beginning of 1729 acquired unlimited influence over him, pushing aside all their rivals; nevertheless, control over current government affairs remained mainly in the hands of A.I. Osterman. The peak of the Dolgorukys' success was the betrothal of Peter II to A.G. Dolgoruky's daughter Catherine on November 30 (December 11), 1729; The wedding ceremony was scheduled for January 19 (30), 1730. However, on January 6 (17), the emperor showed signs of smallpox and on the night of January 19 (30) he died in the Lefortovo Palace. The Dolgorukys' attempt to transfer the throne to his bride ended in disaster for them.

The main feature of the highest government administration under Peter II was the increased political role of the Supreme Privy Council, which after the fall of A.D. Menshikov consisted of five members (Chancellor G.I. Golovkin, Vice-Chancellor A.I. Osterman, A.G. and V. L. Dolgoruky and D. M. Golitsyn); The powers of the abolished Cabinet of His Imperial Majesty (1727) and the Preobrazhensky Order (1729) were transferred to him. In the sphere of local government, the main trend was the expansion of the functions of governors and voivodes at the expense of city magistrates (the Chief Magistrate was abolished in 1727). As for domestic policy, the tax system was somewhat streamlined, the status of Little Russia within the Russian Empire was increased (the abolition of the Little Russian Collegium and the transfer of its affairs to the Foreign Collegium, the restoration of the hetmanate); The Livonian nobility was given back the right to convene their own Diet, and the clergy were forbidden to wear secular clothing. In foreign policy, the main issue was the succession to the Courland throne.

Despite the hopes of supporters of antiquity, under Peter II there was no return to the pre-Petrine order. We can only talk about the general disorganization of the public administration system caused by the constant rivalry of palace groups; the measures taken in 1727–1729 did not represent a focused and consistent political course; they were not independent decisions of the emperor, but were often dictated by the opportunistic motives of his immediate circle.

Ivan Krivushin

Peter II was the grandson of Peter the Great. He lost his parents early and ascended the throne too early, replacing Catherine the First. He showed no interest in the affairs of the state and did not actually manage it on his own.

In history he is known as the last representative of the Romanovs in the male line. Having died in his teens, he was unable to leave an heir. What is the history of the life and reign of the grandson of Peter the Great?

Origin

The future Tsar Peter II was born on October 12, 1715 in St. Petersburg. He was the son of Alexei Petrovich (heir to the throne) and Sophia-Charlotte. The mother died ten days after giving birth, and the father was sentenced to death in 1718.

The boy, like his sister Natalia, was born into an unhappy family. His parents' marriage was for dynastic purposes, to unite the House of Romanov and Welf. The prince's godparents were his grandfather Peter the Great and Princess Natalya Alekseevna.

From infancy, Peter was assigned nannies from the German settlement. They accustomed the boy to wine, which made him sleep and did not bother them. After the death of his son, the Russian Tsar turned his attention to his only grandson. He ordered Menshikov to find good teachers for the child. His mentors were able to teach the child German, Latin and Tatar curses. At the same time, the boy did not speak Russian at all. When the emperor learned about his grandson’s teaching, he personally beat the teachers, who turned out to be a clerk and a Carpathian Rusyn. The child had no other mentors.

Succession to the throne

For the first three years of his life, Peter II was not considered as a future emperor. This was due to the fact that in 1715 the current ruler had a son, whom he also named Peter. Only after the death of the youngest son did the question of succession to the throne arise.

The nobility became interested in the son of the deceased Alexei Petrovich in 1719. He was the only (not counting his grandfather) man of the Romanov dynasty. In European countries, the throne could be passed from grandfather to grandson, but according to the law of Peter the Great's succession to the throne, the heir had to be appointed by the current ruler.

Pyotr Alekseevich became friends with the Dolgorukov family. He often visited their house and met his aunt Elizaveta Petrovna there. They told him about the rights to the Russian throne.

In 1722, the emperor issued a decree regarding succession to the throne. It operated until the end of the century. As a result of the decree, the grandson was formally deprived of preferential rights to the throne. The ruler himself was supposed to appoint a successor, but did not manage to do this before his sudden death in 1725.

So Peter II (reigned 1727-1730) was still able to become the head of the state. However, could the boy rule the state on his own?

Reign under Menshikov

Immediately after the death of the emperor, his widow Catherine took the throne. Not all representatives of the old family nobility liked this. For example, the Dolgorukovs wanted to see nine-year-old Peter on the throne.

Menshikov understood that Catherine would not live long and decided to lure his son Alexei Petrovich to his side. The plans of Catherine’s former lover were to marry the boy to his daughter and become regent.

Through intrigue, disputes, and secret negotiations, it was decided that the grandson of the late emperor would become the heir to the throne. Menshikov showed great participation in this issue. Thus began the reign of Peter II under the regency of Menshikov.

The Emperor's policy in 1727:

• serfs were forgiven for long-standing arrears;
• freedom was granted to those who were sent to hard labor for non-payment of taxes;
• a ban was introduced on displaying the dismembered bodies of those executed for public viewing;
• the “turning tax” has been abolished;
• tightened control over tax collections;
• Princes Trubetskoy, Burchard-Minich, Dolgorukov became field marshals;
• Menshikov was appointed generalissimo;
• hetmanship was restored on Ukrainian lands;
• The Chief Magistrate was abolished.

Gradually, the young emperor began to move away from Menshikov. After another disagreement between them, Pyotr Alekseevich moved to the Peterhof Palace. At the same time, the regent became very ill and was absent from court for five to six weeks. During this time, the emperor was familiarized with the interrogation protocols of Alexei Petrovich. From this it became clear that Menshikov had something to do with the interrogation of the emperor’s father. He was accused of high treason and exiled to the Tobolsk region. His daughters were also sent with him.

Now Ivan Dolgoruky became the king's favorite.

Reign under the Dolgorukovs

By 1728, Peter II (Alekseevich) decided to move to Moscow. Upon arrival, he was crowned king. In the same year, the emperor’s sister died. Natalya was fourteen years old and had a positive influence on her brother.

The Dolgorukovs finally gained greater power in the state. They carried out their transformations:

• the capital was moved to Moscow;
• the punitive body was liquidated;
• Recruitment rates have been relaxed.

The Emperor was not involved in business at all, he did not attend the Council, his life was spent in celebrations and entertainment. This led to a weakening of the army, embezzlement, bribery, and robbery.

Foreign policy

The reign of Peter II fell during the wars with the Ottoman Empire. Russia needed an ally. It became Austria.

At the same time, strained relations remained with France and England. Poland and Russia could not divide Courland among themselves, and the Qing Empire sought to take possession of Siberia.

Relations with Sweden changed from hostile to friendly.

Denmark immediately well received the news of Pyotr Alekseevich's accession to the throne. They feared that Anna Petrovna would take the throne, since her husband would want to lay claim to the Danish province.

Death of a ruler

In 1730, Emperor Peter II took part in the parade for the feast of Epiphany. It was bitterly cold that day. When the ruler arrived home, he developed a fever caused by smallpox. Thirteen days later he died (01/19/1730). The last man from the House of Romanov was fourteen years old. He passed away at the same age as his older sister, to whom he was strongly attached. He was buried in the Archangel Cathedral.

Personality

Peter II did not like to study. He loved entertainment. The emperor was willful, did not know how to behave in society, could be insolent to others, and be capricious.

According to some diplomats, the young ruler was cunning and somewhat cruel. He always did what he wanted and did not tolerate objections. At the same time, he could hide his thoughts well and, if necessary, pretend. So, while dining at the Dolgorukys, he mocked Osterman, but in front of Osterman he did not show his thoughts, dining with him several times a week.

It is difficult to say whether it was an inherited bad character or a lack of normal upbringing. He was never loved, only used for his own purposes. This could hardly have a positive effect on the teenager’s unformed personality.

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Biography, life story of Peter II

Peter II Alekseevich Romanov, Russian Emperor, was born on the 23rd (12th old style) in October 1715 in the capital of the Russian Empire, the city of St. Petersburg.

Childhood and youth

Peter was the only son of Alexei Petrovich Romanov, Tsarevich and eldest son, and his married wife, nee Charlotte Sophia of Blankenburg, a German princess. Peter's mother died shortly after his birth (10 days later), and at the age of three in 1718, Peter also lost his father.

In 1719, after the death of Tsarevich Peter Petrovich, the son from his second marriage, the little prince began to be considered in Russian society as the only legitimate heir to the imperial crown. In 1722, he issued a decree on his inalienable right to personally appoint his successor, thereby violating the established traditional order of succession to the throne. After his death, Alexander Danilovich Menshikov, His Serene Highness Duke of Izhora, achieved proclamation as empress. Attempts by the old aristocracy (Golitsyns, Dolgorukys, Count Gavriil Golovkin, etc.) to place ten-year-old Peter on the throne failed. However, the empress brought Peter Alekseevich closer to her and showed signs of attention to the prince throughout her six-year reign.

Both during the reign of his grandfather and during his reign, the education of Tsarevich Peter Alekseevich was not given due attention. Of all his teachers, only two are known - Ivan Zeikin and Semyon Mavrin, who taught the prince geography, history, Latin and mathematics.

In 1727, Count Andrei Ivanovich Osterman, who actually led the foreign policy of the Russian Empire, was appointed to the post of Chief Chamberlain of Grand Duke Peter.

His Serene Highness Duke of Izhora Alexander Danilovich Menshikov foresaw his imminent death. He did not want the Russian throne to pass to the daughters of the empress and, taking into account the popularity of Peter Alekseevich both among the common people and among the nobility, he decided to support the prince’s candidacy for the throne. His Serene Highness planned to marry him to Maria Menshikova, his eldest daughter. He convinced the dying woman to sign in her own hand a will on succession to the throne in favor of Grand Duke Peter Alekseevich Romanov.

CONTINUED BELOW

Reign

Peter II Alekseevich Romanov ascended the throne of the Russian Empire on the 18th (7th old style) in May 1727. At first he was under the influence of Alexander Danilovich Menshikov, who very soon moved the young emperor to Vasilyevsky Island to his home and on the 4th of June (24th of May according to the old style) arranged the betrothal of Peter II to his daughter.

Osterman retained the position of educator under Peter II, he was assisted by Prince Alexei Grigorievich Dolgoruky, Academician Christian Goldbach and Archbishop Feofan (in the world Eleazar) Prokopovich.

In July 1727, using the illness of Alexander Danilovich Menshikov, as well as the dissatisfaction of the young emperor with His Serene Highness the Duke of Izhora, the opposition at court in the person of Andrei Ivanovich Osterman, Tsesarevna Elizaveta Petrovna and the Dolgoruky princes achieved the removal of Menshikov from power. Thus, on the 19th (8th old style) in September 1727, Peter II finally announced the beginning of his own independent rule, as well as the breaking of his engagement to Maria Menshikova. Menshikov himself, stripped of all ranks, was exiled to Siberia.

The imperial court moved to Moscow at the end of 1727. On the 7th of March (24th of February according to the old style) in 1728, the coronation of thirteen-year-old Emperor Peter II took place.

Princes Dolgoruky - father, Alexei Grigorievich, and son, Ivan Alekseevich, acquired unlimited influence on the emperor in Moscow. Peter II was not practically involved in state affairs, he became addicted to alcohol early, and Osterman’s attempts to convince the emperor to continue his education were unsuccessful.

The Dolgorukys wanted to marry Peter II to Princess Catherine, the eldest daughter of Dolgoruky's father. On December 11 (according to the old style - November 30) in 1729, the betrothal took place, the wedding was scheduled for the 30th (according to the old style - 19th) in January 1730.

However, on the 17th (or 6th according to the old style) in the month of January, Emperor Peter II showed signs of smallpox and in Moscow (in the Lefortovo Palace) on the night of the 30th (19th according to the old style) in 1930 Emperor Peter II died.

Peter II Alekseevich Romanov was buried in Moscow in the Archangel Cathedral of the Kremlin. Since his death, the Romanov family has been interrupted in the male line.