Gifted child. Section I Has internal prerequisites


Distinctive features of gifted children 1. They have higher intellectual abilities, receptivity to skills, creative abilities and manifestations compared to most other peers. 2. They have a dominant, active, unsatisfied cognitive need. 3. They experience joy from mental work.


CATEGORIES OF GIFTED CHILDREN 1. Children with an unusually high general level of mental development, all other things being equal. 2. Children with signs of special mental giftedness - giftedness in a certain field of science and art. 3. Students who, for some reason, do not achieve success in their studies, but have bright cognitive activity, originality of mental makeup, and extraordinary mental reserves.


Problems: 1. Development of training programs for intellectually gifted children. 2. What conditions must be created for the education of a gifted child. 3. Forms and methods of working with gifted children. inherent in a gifted child. 4. Methods, methods for identifying and discovering gifted children.


PURPOSE: - To develop students’ interest in research activities, to perform complex tasks, the ability to think creatively, and also to strengthen their confidence in their abilities.. To create conditions for the optimal development of gifted children Objectives: - to identify capable and gifted children who show interest to the subject; - use an individual approach in working with gifted students in geography, biology, ecology lessons and during extracurricular hours, taking into account the age and individual characteristics of children; - holding various extracurricular competitions, intellectual games, Olympiads, allowing students to demonstrate their capabilities.


Principles of working with gifted children 1. The principle of differentiation and individualization of education (the highest level of implementation of which is the development of an individual development program for a gifted child). 2. The principle of maximum variety of opportunities provided. 3. The principle of ensuring freedom of choice for students of additional educational services. 4. The principle of increasing the role of extracurricular activities of gifted children through a circle. 5. The principle of increasing attention to the problem of interdisciplinary connections in individual work with students. 6. The principle of creating conditions for students to work together with a minimal role for the teacher.











Forms of events Topics Dates Results Participation Prize place In-class and extracurricular activities Participation in regional subject Olympiads Olympiad in geography, biology, once a year November Participation in the competition “Youth Geographical Championship”. In geography 1 time a year October Participation in school subject Olympiads Olympiad in geography, biology, ecology 1 time a year November Participation in the Intellectual and Personal Marathon. tasks to identify knowledge in subjects Participation in the competition “Youth Biological Championship” In biology 1 time a year November Participation in scientific and practical conferences at the school level In the subjects of geography, biology September, May School-level competitions Throughout the year Plan for individual work with children



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1

The problem of transformation of the natural geochemical cycle of elements as a result of human activity is one of the most important in modern geochemistry, hydrogeochemistry, and hydrogeoecology. A fundamental scientific work1 by a team of famous hydrogeologists from St. Petersburg, Perm, Yekaterinburg, and Orenburg is devoted to research into the consequences of global human nature-transforming activities in the river basin. Ural (Orenburg region). The results of the ecological-hydrogeochemical mapping showed the degree of redistribution (transformation) of terrestrial matter and technogenesis products in various geosystems and indicated a violation of the geochemical balance in nature that had developed over a long period of geological development

Chapter 1 "Basic theoretical premises" describes the most important provisions of domestic geochemical

2

RESEARCH OF THE DRIVE OF UNIVERSAL MACHINES WITH STEPLESS CONTROL OF THE ROTATIONAL SPEED ABSTRACT DIS. ... CANDIDATE OF TECHNICAL SCIENCES

Rostov n/d.: ROSTOV-ON-DON INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

In this work, an attempt is made to solve some of the issues necessary to create a simple in design and reliably operating main motion drive with a wide range of control for machine tools of various types and purposes.

There are often "cases when the accepted prerequisites" for the calculation and design of one or another stepless<...>The main premises on which the dynamic calculation of a toroidal variator is based: a) specific pressure<...>The theoretical premises and recommendations used in the design of the variator provided it with

Preview: STUDY OF THE DRIVE OF UNIVERSAL MACHINES WITH STEPLESS CONTROL OF THE ROTATIONAL SPEED.pdf (0.0 Mb)

3

STUDYING THE TAXONOMIC TENACITY OF SOME CHARACTERS OF FUNGI OF THE GENUS ABSTRACT DIS. ... CANDIDATE OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES

M.: MOSCOW ORDER OF LENIN AND ORDER OF THE RED BANNER OF LABOR STATE UNIVERSITY NAMED AFTER M. V. LOMONOSOV

The purpose of the work was to study the taxonomic value of some characteristics of fungi.

The inner layer of the peridium is conidiogenic and is represented by cells with a 3-layer membrane.<...>“Internal hyphae” (intrahyphae) were discovered for the first time in the cells of the pycnidia peridium.<...>Yantraghyphae or "internal hyphae" are found in some conidiohepatic cells.<...>The inner layer takes part in the formation of the conidium shell.<...>It is possible that the discovered internal rafyj serve to resume the life of the fungus.

Preview: STUDYING THE TAXONOMIC TENACITY OF SOME CHARACTERISTS OF FUNGI GENUS.pdf (0.0 Mb)

4

ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF RATIONAL USE OF GARDENING AND VINEGrowing WASTES IN THE AGRICULTURAL SPHERE ABSTRACT OF THE DIS. ... CANDIDATE OF ECONOMIC SCIENCES

M.: ALL-RUSSIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF ECONOMICS, LABOR AND MANAGEMENT IN AGRICULTURE

The purpose of the study is to develop organizational and technological solutions and a feasibility study for the large-scale use of horticultural and viticulture waste

Shows the basic prerequisites for ">, broad."

Preview: ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF RATIONAL USE OF HORTICULTURE AND VINEGrowing WASTE IN THE AGRICULTURAL SPHERE.pdf (0.1 Mb)

5

The oil and gas industry is a complex structure, the management of which requires a clear understanding of the mission and strategy of industry companies. It should be taken into account that the efficiency of enterprises in this industry is influenced, first of all, by natural conditions. Enterprises in the industry also operate in a highly competitive environment. Considering the characteristic features of the industry, the implementation of the Balanced Scorecard (BSS) becomes a complex process, and therefore this work was carried out on a current topic. The work analyzes the process of forming a BSC for oil and gas producing enterprises and emphasizes the importance of taking into account the specifics of this industry. The need to study business processes to determine success factors and key performance indicators (KPIs) is substantiated and a methodology for calculating one of the KPIs is proposed. The work sufficiently indicates the advantages of the BSC, which can be used in the practical implementation of the system at enterprises in the oil and gas industry.

taking into account the development of relationships with customers, personnel management, product quality, internal efficiency<...> <...>Internal process efficiency indicators answer the question: what needs to be done to improve efficiency<...>For this purpose, sales volume is planned based on data from concluded sales contracts on domestic and<...>external markets, the volume of oil lost during transportation and oil costs for domestic needs.

6

The theory of the new “Free education” of the reformist teachers of the Bremen Scientific School in Germany (late 19th - early 20th centuries)

M.: PROMEDIA

Consider the socio-economic, political and cultural prerequisites that determined the emergence and<...>historical, socio-political, economic and cultural prerequisites have been revealed to national pedagogical science<...>exchange of opinions, beliefs, views in the process of a relaxed interview, which evokes “internal

Preview: Theory of the new Free education of reformer teachers of the Bremen Scientific School in Germany (late 19th - early 20th centuries).pdf (0.0 Mb)

7

AGRICULTURE OF THE SEMIPALATINSK REGION ABSTRACT DIS. ... CANDIDATE OF GEOGRAPHICAL SCIENCES

M.: MOSCOW ORDER OF LENIN AND ORDER OF THE RED BANNER OF LABOR STATE PEDAGOGICAL INSTITUTE NAMED AFTER V. I. LENIN

Objectives: 1. To identify the characteristics of the influence of socio-economic and natural factors on the regional specialization of agriculture for the pre-revolutionary and post-revolutionary periods. 2. To compare pre-revolutionary and modern statistical indicators within the boundaries of modern agricultural regions in order to clarify the trends in the development of agriculture in various natural and economic zones. 3. Determine the main problems of further development of agriculture in the region.

^Chapters “Natural Conditions”, “Agriculture” and “Internal Differences” in the book “Semipalatinsk Region

Preview: AGRICULTURE OF THE SEMIPALATINSK REGION.pdf (0.0 Mb)

8

The review is devoted to the causes and clinical manifestations of colonic stasis in children with dolichosigma. The features of the morphofunctional state of the wall of the sigmoid colon in dolichosigma are given. The issues of diagnosing dolichosigma, methods of conservative and surgical treatment of children with impaired transient function of the colon due to dolichosigma are covered.

considered constipation as one of the five invisible causes of disease, pointing to waste, toxic substances and “internal<...>believed that intestinal stasis causes ligaments and kinks of the intestine, as well as a sharp change in the location of internal<...> <...>Target cells of stem cell factor in human internal organs during ontogenesis: Diss. ...cand.

9

RESEARCH OF THE AIR MICROFLORA OF THE RABBITS COMPLEX AND SHAD-BARN ABSTRACT DIS. ... CANDIDATE OF VETERINARY SCIENCES

KAZAN ORDER OF LENIN VETERINARY INSTITUTE NAMED AFTER N. E. BAUMAN

STUDY OF THE AIR MICROFLORA OF THE RABBITS COMPLEX AND SHAD-BARN

In a study of animal corpses that died with signs of staphylococcosis, cultures of staphylococci were isolated from internal<...>In a study of carcasses of dead animals with signs of colibacillosis, cultures of E. coli were isolated from internal<...>Do the internal evening hours "use artificial ones?<...>"internal clock and daily general bacterial" contamination", "/; ," :->", and staphylococcal^ above

Preview: STUDY OF THE AIR MICROFLORA OF THE RABBITS COMPLEX AND SHAD-BARN.pdf (0.0 Mb)

10

Guidelines and tests for the discipline "Chemistry"

The educational and methodological manual was prepared at the Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Voronezh State University.

In the solid state and partially in solutions, amino acids are “internal salts”, that is

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11

memoirs of Count O. Chernin

<...>We intend to imitate Russian events and categorically protest against any interference in our internal<...>Book-Service Agency, the Turkish Minister of Foreign Affairs stated that Austria-Hungary, in relation to its internal<...>state borders between Austria-Hungary and Ukraine and 3) non-interference of one state in internal<...>It forms part of Russia, and a peace treaty with Ukraine would therefore be an interference in internal affairs

12

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13

Forms and methods of organizing services in entertainment complexes (using the example of the Republic of Kazakhstan Korona)

Checked through the text borrowing search system

The importance of the topic of final qualification work is due to the fact that the prerequisites have now been created<...>short rest, then, on the contrary, it is completely legal and psychologically necessary: ​​it creates the preconditions<...>The client enters the restaurant (internal assessment of the restaurant).<...>Conduct internal training 2.<...>Conducting training internally, taking into account the order of professionals 3.

Preview: Forms and methods of organizing services in entertainment complexes (using the example of the Republic of Kazakhstan Korona).pdf (0.3 Mb)

14

Patchwork technique, methodological recommendations for practical classes for students of specialty 050502.65 Technology and entrepreneurship

FSBEI HPE "ShGPU"

The methodological recommendations contain information on the technological fundamentals, techniques and techniques of patchwork sewing and the technology of working on a patchwork product. The presented materials are recommended to be used during practical and independent classes, during technological and pedagogical practices, when developing coursework and diploma projects. The educational manual is intended for students of the Faculty of Technology.

"Inner courtyards" (Fig. 20). Consists of 4 identical blocks (Fig. 21).<...> <...> <...>

Preview: Patchwork technique.pdf (0.5 Mb)

15

Patchwork educational manual for the course “Patchwork” for students of the specialty - 050502.65 Technology and entrepreneurship

FSBEI HPE "ShGPU"

The manual presents materials that are recommended for use when developing special professional skills in the design and manufacture of original products from rags, during practical and independent classes, during technological and pedagogical practices, when developing coursework and diploma projects. The educational manual is intended for students of the Faculty of Technology.

"Inner courtyards" (Fig. 20).<...>blanket - the most traditional product in patchwork - first determine the optimal dimensions and internal<...>The sketch indicates the overall dimensions of the canvas, the internal dimensions of the central field (middle), borders<...>The general rule is this: the geometry of the border should be less complex than the geometry of the internal pattern of the canvas

Preview: Patchwork.pdf (42.3 Mb)

16

No. 40 [Posev, 1960]

Khrushchev cleverly uses the high forum of the United Nations to interfere in the internal affairs of states<...>The internal appearance of Valery Kalyuzhny turns out to be not at all characterized by either his father’s “Victory” or<...>The Cold War on the Domestic Front Immediately after the war, internal politics began to rise in Japan.<...>Refusal to interfere" in the internal affairs of new nations, be it subversive activities, the use<...>S v e t o v; domestic policy - J. Fedorov; foreign policy - A.

Preview: Sowing No. 40 1960.pdf (0.8 Mb)

17

Literary portrait of the late 19th - first half of the 20th century: intra-genre typology

Buryat State University

The monograph is devoted to a special genre in Russian literary criticism of the late 19th - first half of the 20th centuries - the literary portrait. Literary portraits created by Yu. I. Aikhenvald, V. G. Korolenko, V. V. Nabokov and N. D. Teleshov are examined in the monograph through the prism of the genre dominant - the author’s concept of the personality of the person being portrayed as specific genre varieties. The selected range of names of authors within the framework of one study is natural and provides rich material for comparative analysis. The study of genre specificity and the poetics of literary portraiture helps to obtain a holistic understanding of the evolution of this genre in the history of Russian literary criticism. The book is intended for students and teachers of philological faculties and all those interested in the history of Russian literature and culture of the 19th century.

Garshin, is a keen attention to the inner world of a person, his soul.<...>Gorky as a person of good looks, not only externally, but also internally.<...>portrayed as the genre dominant of the genre of literary portrait and its genre parameters creates the prerequisites<...>Theoretical premises // Silhouettes of Russian writers. M.: Republic, 1994.<...>Theoretical premises // Silhouettes of Russian writers. M.: Republic, 1994. P. 20. 237 Him.

Preview: Literary portrait of the late 19th - first half of the 20th century, intra-genre typology.pdf (0.5 Mb)

18

Educational quality management. manual for universities

The textbook is intended for studying the course “Quality Management” by students of the specialty “Expertise and Real Estate Management”. The theory of quality management is presented in relation to quality problems at all stages of the creation and operation of construction products. The textbook contains materials necessary for successful mastery of the discipline, development of professional interest, and personal qualities of a modern specialist.

Rework does not change the production process; alterations increase costs and create preconditions<...>Because internal goals, determined by the top management of the company and not supported by their method<...>As a rule, self-assessment is carried out by an enterprise on its own using internal resources.<...>First party audit or internal audit.<...>The audit program may also include verifiable prerequisites for the preparation of financial statements.

Preview: Quality management.pdf (0.4 Mb)

19

Historiosophy. Methodology and techniques of historical research

FSBEI HPE "IGLU"

The monograph is devoted to the position of Russia in the system of world civilizations. Particular attention is paid to the basic concepts of the emergence of world civilizations and the features of their development from ancient times to the present day. Intended for historians, philosophers, political scientists, sociologists, cultural experts and all those who are not indifferent to the problems of earthly civilization.

The economic prerequisites for the formation of totalitarian states were mentioned by K.A. Wittfogel.<...>The utopian element of Marx’s teaching was, of course, a prerequisite for the emergence of the Bolshevik dictatorship,<...>but not a sufficient prerequisite.<...>Another ideological and political prerequisite for the formation of totalitarian regimes can be considered the absence<...>Totalitarianism: prerequisites and general characteristics [Text] / D. I.

Preview: Historiosophy. Methodology and techniques of historical research.pdf (1.2 Mb)

20

No. 4 [Problems of economics and management of the oil and gas complex, 2014]

Economic problems of all areas of activity of the oil and gas complex, issues of corporate governance, analysis of the state and development trends of the oil market.

requirements for the competence of specialists in connection with the development of new production technologies; 3) create a premise<...>Aspect "Internal processes".<...>The introduction of the institution of customs audit is based on the premise that importing companies that have implemented<...>The audit of the internal control system consists of analyzing the effectiveness and reliability of the internal control system<...>The main one is the development of an internal control program.

Preview: Problems of economics and management of the oil and gas complex No. 4 2014.pdf (0.5 Mb)

21

No. 2 [Energy security in documents and facts, 2006]

The peculiarity of the publication is that it is informative, scientifically sound, and innovative. Only reliable materials that have scientific and practical value are published. The pages of the magazine cover issues of safety and efficiency of energy in all industries, energy saving, labor protection, personnel training, the latest developments of leading industrial and scientific organizations, trends in the development of alternative energy, regulations and documents.

There, the possibility of internal intersections and mixing of heat carriers is high: lei.<...>III:4:85 "Safety in construction", SNiP 41:02:2003 "Heating networks", SNiP 3.05.01:85 "Internal<...>fire safety, subject to licensing, the state fire safety authority makes submissions to the prosecutor's office: ru, internal authorities<...>Violation of fire safety rules on railways: road, sea, inland waterway or air

Preview: Energy security in documents and facts No. 2 2006.pdf (0.8 Mb)

22

No. 4 [Young people in librarianship, 2003]

Internal publications of the RSL as an element of corporate culture…………64 Akhmadova Yu.A.<...>Links to relevant documents are made on the inside cover of the work book and Copyright<...>With this approach, the employee plays the role of an “internal” client, and, consequently, the concept arises<...>"domestic market".<...>It should be taken into account that “internal clients” express needs: 7 in achieving the goal 7 instead

Preview: Young people in librarianship No. 4 2003.pdf (0.2 Mb)

23

No. 2 [Environmental protection in the oil and gas complex, 2019]

Environmental protection, environmental protection measures, ecology and industrial safety in the oil and gas complex, diagnostics of the corrosion state of equipment and pipelines

Internal non-metallic tubing coatings began to be used about 70 years ago.<...>An attempt to establish requirements for the internal protective coating of tubing was made in the draft GOST R standard<...>Before the application of coatings, wells in the field were characterized by a high rate of internal corrosion<...>Non-metallic coatings have the potential to effectively combat internal surface corrosion<...>Internal protective coatings for steel pipes and fittings used in the oil and gas industry

Preview: Environmental protection in the oil and gas complex No. 2 2019.pdf (0.9 Mb)

24

SOCIO-PSYCHOLOGICAL ADAPTATION OF SCHOOLCHILDREN DURING CRITICAL PERIODS OF DEVELOPMENT (INDIVIDUAL-TYPOLOGICAL APPROACH)

The monograph is devoted to one of the current problems of psychological and pedagogical theory and practice. It analyzes the results of a study of factors in the process of socio-psychological adaptation of schoolchildren, which determine the dynamic features of its course during critical periods of development. The paper presents the concept of a practice-oriented model for supporting the socio-psychological adaptation of schoolchildren, based on an individual typological approach to the prevention and correction of risk factors of the adaptation process during age-related crises.

Under destructive stress, a structural trace is not formed; adaptation is a prerequisite for normal<...>Analyzing these prerequisites, he and his staff identified the following parameters: the ability of children to consciously<...>Limitations in the development of cognitive activity create preconditions for mental tension<...>And further: "... they act only as prerequisites for its development, which immediately cease to be what<...>The main premise is that the subject’s choice of position in space relative to another

Preview: SOCIO-PSYCHOLOGICAL ADAPTATION OF SCHOOLCHILDREN DURING CRITICAL PERIODS OF DEVELOPMENT (INDIVIDUAL-TYPOLOGICAL APPROACH).pdf (0.3 Mb)

25

Publishing management

Publishing and Printing Center of Voronezh State University

The textbook covers the concepts and topics of management in accordance with the state educational standard of higher professional education in the discipline “Management in Publishing” in the bachelor’s training program in publishing. The basic concepts, principles, management tools, management methods in publishing organizations are revealed.

This required great internal effort and tension from the Romans.<...>They worked not only for the domestic, but also for the foreign market.<...>Motivation can be external and internal.<...>Internal connections in formal groups are prescribed and formalized.<...>Control is divided into external and internal.

Preview: Management in Publishing.pdf (0.7 Mb)

26

The Meaning of Anxiety

M.: The Institute is a general humanist. research

Anxiety is a pervasive and profound phenomenon of the twentieth century. The phenomenon of anxiety is important not only in the treatment of emotional disorders and behavioral disorders, but also for literature, sociology, politics and economics, education, religion and philosophy.

To understand the reasons for the emergence of such trends, we must examine the prerequisites for the emergence<...>The same is true of the statement made by Kubie: "Anxiety is a prerequisite<...>The expression “stress is a prerequisite for the development of thinking” in no way explains what I wanted<...>This approach takes into account long-term genetic, evolutionary prerequisites for behavioral models<...>This is also a prerequisite for overcoming anxiety.

Preview: The meaning of anxiety.pdf (0.2 Mb)

27

No. 3 [Higher education in Russia, 1996]

saturated information environment, and the task of the education system is to teach him to live in its flow, to create the prerequisites<...>lives in a rich and active information environment, teach a person to live in its flow, create the prerequisites<...>natural science ideas that make it possible to synthesize OED into an integral cycle; - there are methodological prerequisites<...>The status of a teacher creates the prerequisites for the ideal representation of students with their own characteristics.<...>"Internal customs duties in Russia", Lebedeva V.A.

Preview: Higher education in Russia No. 3 1996.pdf (0.3 Mb)

28

No. 2 [Hematology and transfusiology, 2013]

Founded in 1956. The editor-in-chief of the journal is Vorobiev Andrey Ivanovich - Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Chief Scientific Consultant of the Scientific Clinical Department of Chemotherapy and Intensive Care of Hematological Diseases with the Functional Biochemical Group of the Federal State Budgetary Institution Hematological Research Center of the Ministry of Health of Russia. The journal publishes original theoretical and clinical research, lectures, reviews and practice notes concerning various problems of hematology, clinical and industrial transfusiology. Original materials are published on the etiology, pathogenesis, clinical picture and treatment of diseases of the blood system, hematopoiesis, including non-hematological diseases (internal diseases, intoxication, exposure to ionizing radiation, etc.). The journal covers modern achievements in immunohematology, bone marrow preservation and transplantation, issues of donation, organization of blood transfusion stations and departments, obtaining plasma, components and blood products, their use in various diseases. In recent years, major hematology forums, including international ones, have ordered the publication of their materials in the journal.

The kit uses the β-globin gene as a positive internal control.<...>bleeding, intracranial hemorrhage when taking clopidogrel; bleeding at the puncture site of the artery, internal<...>also an honorary member of the Scientific Society of Laboratory Physicians of Bulgaria, editor of the editorial department "Internal

Preview: Hematology and Transfusiology No. 2 2013.pdf (4.3 Mb)

29

Corporate social responsibility: evolution of the concept [monograph]

St. Petersburg: Higher School of Management

The monograph analyzes the evolution of the concept of corporate social responsibility (CSR) from the 1950s to the present. The book provides a critical overview of the main ideas and research approaches that have shaped the development of the synthetic concept of corporate social performance and the most important alternative themes - the concepts of stakeholders, corporate sustainability and corporate citizenship. The connection between the concept of CSR and the theory of strategic management is traced. The relevance of the CSR concept for the successful development of Russian companies and management education in Russia is substantiated.

Waddock, it was “these two ideas that created the main prerequisites for the evolution of the doctrine of CSR”

Founded in 1997. The editor-in-chief of the journal is Isakov Yuriy Fedorovich - academician of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, professor, advisor to the presidium of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the Russian Federation, chairman of the presidium of the Russian Association of Pediatric Surgeons. In original and review articles, the journal covers materials on current issues in general pediatric surgery, urology, thoracic and abdominal surgery, as well as pediatric anesthesiology, resuscitation and intensive care. Much attention is paid to introducing readers to modern schools of pediatric surgeons and leading domestic and foreign clinics, as well as training staff in them. Thematic reviews and lectures, reports on published and upcoming monographs on various issues of pediatric surgery and related specialties, as well as information on new diagnostic and treatment methods, the results of original research with practical recommendations are published.

Only 2 patients (7 and 14 years old) with internal spread of teratodermoid sought medical help<...>The rarest form is the internal localization of the tumor, which for a long time<...>A special type of excitable cells localized in the wall of tubular hollow internal organs has been identified<...>Target cells of stem cell factor in human internal organs during ontogenesis: Diss. ...cand.<...>The pathological anatomy and variants of the structure of the internal genitalia in these patients have not yet been sufficiently studied

Preview: Pediatric surgery No. 2 2015.pdf (2.6 Mb)

31

Theoretical foundations of philological analysis of literary text at the national pedagogical university

The dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences is a study of the form and content of an artistic test, the principles of philological analysis of an artistic text, methods and levels of philological analysis of an artistic text, and philological analysis of an artistic text as an academic discipline

Emotional and intuitive perception of the artistic text as a whole is a condition, a prerequisite<...>(M. Gorky) constitutes the most important prerequisite for the philological analysis of a literary text.<...>Note that as a basic prerequisite for using your own methodology for teaching foreign languages<...>content of the text by students<...>Korman BoOo Some prerequisites for studying the image of the author in lyric poetry (understanding of lyrics as

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32

No. 1 [Problems of social hygiene, health care and history of medicine, 2014]

Several explanations for this fact can be offered: the relevance of adolescent problems, methodological prerequisites<...>Free movement of "pneumatic" and "balance of internal qualities of elements" were considered mandatory<...>Internal reasons included “predispositions” Copyright JSC Central Design Bureau BIBKOM & LLC Agency<...>therapies that, thanks to their own “qualities,” could compensate for the missing “internal qualities”<...>The basic research boiled down to the following: whether there are muscles in the heart; Are there any prerequisites in muscle anatomy?

Preview: Problems of social hygiene, health care and history of medicine No. 1 2014.pdf (0.4 Mb)

33

No. 2 [Higher education in Russia, 1998]

The journal publishes the results of studies of the current state of higher education in Russia, discusses issues of theory and practice in the humanities, natural sciences and engineering higher education. The journal is included in the list of peer-reviewed publications recommended by the Higher Attestation Commission for publishing the results of scientific research in the following areas: philosophy, sociology and cultural studies; pedagogy and psychology; story.

through mastering the modern scientific picture of the world; teach a person to live in the flow of information, create the prerequisites<...>An important prerequisite for naturalness is the internal goal setting of the teacher, based on<...>Therefore, the wording of exam questions should objectively create the prerequisites for creative<...>However, there is an internal logic in their choice.<...>Apparently, the “internal form” (in the sense of G.G.

Preview: Higher education in Russia No. 2 1998.pdf (0.3 Mb)

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No. 1 [Problems of social hygiene, health care and history of medicine, 2012]

Founded in 1994. The editor-in-chief of the magazine is Oleg Prokopievich Shchepin - academician of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Doctor of Medical Sciences, professor, scientific director of the National Research Institute of Public Health of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences. The magazine covers theoretical issues of social hygiene, the main directions of formation of public health and medical and social assistance, issues of economics, scientific organization of labor, sanitary statistics, history of medicine and healthcare. Publishes articles on new forms and methods of work of medical and anti-epidemic health care institutions in organizing health care services for urban and rural populations. The journal publishes materials on methods and results of studying the social conditions of life and health of the population. It reflects the state of health care, issues of organization and operation of medical institutions in foreign countries, and contains articles devoted to the design and equipment of medical institutions. The development of medical science and healthcare is widely covered, important historical dates and the activities of scientific societies are noted, information about various conferences and meetings is published.

The highest level (2.5–2.2) of internal part-time jobs ensures that positions are staffed<...>Galen's therapeutic and diagnostic concept, focused on identifying the "qualities of internal suffering"<...>Minister of Internal Affairs D.N.<...>Collection of circulars and instructions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs from the establishment of the ministry to October 1. 1858<...>According to the Ministry of Internal Affairs, in 1910 there were 21,004 civilian doctors in Russia.

Preview: Problems of social hygiene, healthcare and history of medicine No. 1 2012.pdf (0.5 Mb)

35

No. 2 [Posev, 1988]

Social and political magazine. Published since November 11, 1945, published by the publishing house of the same name. The motto of the magazine is “God is not in power, but in truth” (Alexander Nevsky). The frequency of the magazine has changed. Initially published as a weekly publication, for some time it was published twice a week, and from the beginning of 1968 (number 1128) the magazine became monthly.

Analysis of Brezhnev's domestic and foreign policy and literary creativity.<...>Tsvetkov To the Minister of Internal Affairs of the USSR Vlasov Moscow Dear citizen Minister!<...>Free economic activity serves as a prerequisite for the autonomy of culture, but<...>But he has inner freedom: only he can show what he has created from a given material<...>Understanding this is the most important prerequisite for political thinking, primarily because thinking is

Preview: Seeding No. 2 1988.pdf (2.1 Mb)

36

General theory of legal liability monograph

M.: Russian Academy of Justice

The book examines a wide range of issues in the theory and practice of legal liability: the concept, types, legal regulation, the operation of general legal and special principles of legal liability, features of procedural activities in assigning measures of legal liability, and their implementation. The grounds for excluding legal liability and exemption from legal liability are also covered. General theoretical conclusions and generalizations take into account the latest achievements of domestic jurisprudence on these issues and the practice of constitutional and legislative regulation in the context of the legal positions of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation, its contribution to the development of the theory of legal responsibility.

Necessity is an objective prerequisite for responsibility, while a subjective prerequisite is<...>itself due to internal contradictions (F.<...>Polenin, may become a prerequisite for the formation of a new branch of law.<...>Competitiveness and equality of parties in criminal proceedings are a necessary prerequisite for ensuring<...>Prerequisites for the formation of specialized labor courts of the Russian Federation // Development Concept

Preview: General theory of legal liability (1).pdf (0.1 Mb)

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No. 153 [Grani, 1989]

JOURNAL OF LITERATURE, ARTS, SCIENCE AND SOCIAL THOUGHT. Among the authors of “Fringes” over the years were such writers and poets as A. Akhmatova, L. Borodin, I. Bunin, Z. Gippius, Yu. Dombrovsky, B. Zaitsev, N. Lossky, A. Kuprin, V. Soloukhin , M. Tsvetaeva, O. P. Ilyinsky.

The interior of the synagogue was brightly lit by large chandeliers hanging from the ceiling and many candles.<...>The Chief of the German General Staff, Hindenburg, wrote in his memoirs: “Internal difficulties...<...>This is a division of functions in which the remaining functions are also experienced internally.<...>This is the inner conviction of the author of the Notes.<...>E., a year later he was promoted to the Main Directorate of Internal Troops of the NKVD of the USSR. Fails G.

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No. 5 [Siberian Lights, 1922]

"SIBERIAN LIGHTS" is one of the oldest Russian literary regional magazines. It has been published in Novosibirsk since 1922. During this time, several generations of talented writers, known not only in Siberia, such as: Vyach. Shishkov and Vs. Ivanov, A. Koptelov and L. Seifullina, E. Permitin and P. Proskurin, A. Ivanov and A. Cherkasov, V. Shukshin, V. Astafiev and V. Rasputin and many others. Among the poets, the most famous are S. Markov and P. Vasiliev, I. Eroshin and L. Martynov, E. Stewart and V. Fedorov, S. Kunyaev and A. Plitchenko. Currently, the literary, artistic and socio-political magazine "Siberian Lights", awarded with certificates of honor from the administration of the Novosibirsk region (V.A. Tolokonsky), regional council (V.V. Leonov), MA "Siberian Agreement" (V. Ivankov) , edited by V.I. Zelensky, worthily continues the traditions of his predecessors. The editors of the magazine are a team of well-known writers and poets in Siberia, members of the Writers' Union of Russia.

All this taken together should create certain psychological prerequisites for<...>Now, we are Mensheviks; we will tell you, utopians, what prerequisites are needed for a social revolution.<...>They say that electrification creates the preconditions for the organization of society. farms.<...>These, as you see, are “objective prerequisites”.<...>This is the flesh and blood of our community, naked testimony of our inner power and our testament, inner

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No. 1 [Anesthesiology and Reanimatology, 2014]

Founded in 1956 (under the name "Experimental Surgery and Anesthesiology", since 1977 - "Anesthesiology and Reanimatology"). The editor-in-chief of the journal is Armen Artavazdovich Bunyatyan - academician of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, professor, head of the department of anesthesiology and resuscitation of the Federal State Budgetary Institution Russian Scientific Center for Surgery named after. Academician B.V. Petrovsky Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Head of the Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimatology, FPPOV GBOU HPE First Moscow State Medical University named after. THEM. Sechenov. clinical journal. The journal focuses on the problems of general anesthesia in surgery, intensive care and resuscitation. A significant place on the pages of the magazine is occupied by the promotion of advanced methods of anesthesiology and resuscitation in obstetrics, gynecology and pediatrics (including micropediatrics), dentistry, otorhinolaryngology, outpatient practice and much more.>Issues of intensive care and resuscitation are systematically covered (outside of trauma surgery , poisoning, infectious diseases). The journal publishes reviews and lectures on current problems of anesthesiology and resuscitation, discussion articles (introduces readers to the methods and practice of teaching general anesthesiology, intensive care and resuscitation). Related issues of physiology, pharmacology and hematology are covered. The magazine widely covers the use of new anesthesiological equipment, monitoring equipment and express diagnostics, and introduces new drugs for anesthesia. Publishes minutes of meetings of societies of anesthesiologists and resuscitators in Moscow, reports on world congresses, congresses and plenums of the board of the Scientific Society of Anesthesiologists and Resuscitators, information materials and reviews of various publications. For practical anesthesiologists and resuscitators, a special section has been introduced dedicated to rare or instructive practical observations, errors and complications with their analysis and comments from leading specialists.

Hemostasis was studied using a Rotem Gamma thromboelastometer with assessment of external (exTem) and internal (inTem)<...>Rotem Gamma (Pentapharm, Germany) using activators of the external coagulation pathway (exTem) and internal<...>Without a doubt, in the treatment of patients with TB accompanied by massive external and internal blood loss<...>However, in situations where hemorrhagic and traumatic shock is accompanied by internal bleeding<...>In adapting the body to the conditions of a changing external environment and various internal needs

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Social partnership in the sphere of labor. allowance

The textbook is of a comprehensive comparative legal nature. It combines an analysis of the current legislation on social partnership, the practice of its application with a systematic presentation of the complex problems of the industry theory of collective contractual regulation of labor relations, the procedure for resolving collective labor disputes, the history of the development of legislation and foreign experience in the legal regulation of social partnership relations. A special place is given to international legal acts on social partnership.

In civil law, relations of delegation of powers were considered either as a prerequisite for relations<...>Internal and external functions were distinguished.<...>The following provisions justified above can serve as theoretical prerequisites for this. 1.<...>About historical background.<...>Both sides of the discussion turn to the history of the issue, the historical background of the Russian experience.

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41

Scene language (professional terminology in definitions and examples): tutorial

Nizhny Novgorod State Conservatory (Academy) named after. M.I. Glinka

This textbook contains definitions of special terms used in the practice of European theater and, in particular, Russian performing arts, and is organized in the form of a dictionary in order to quickly find the meaning of a particular theatrical term. The textbook contains information related to the development of theatrical genres, various types of drama, and the concepts of the K.S. system. Stanislavsky, with the history of the formation of musical and drama theaters.

A distinction is made between external and internal action: a play can be rich in external action and poor in internal<...>The first prerequisite for drama is the development of personality, the presence of strong individual characters, which<...>Their close relationship is a prerequisite for the creation of a full-fledged operatic work.<...>Absolute inner conviction is the true source of internal, and therefore external, freedom<...>The prerequisites for the development of “learned comedy” were the study and translations of the comedies of Plautus and Terence, as well as

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No. 4 [New literature on social and human sciences. Story. Archeology. Ethnology: Bibliography. decree, 2011]

The index includes information about books and articles from magazines and collections. The publication is intended for scientific, educational, bibliographic and reference work. Each issue is equipped with auxiliary author and subject indexes.

“Internal barbarians” in the Tang Empire (618-907): position and self-identification // Kazakhstan rep.<...>Modern French historiography on the causes and prerequisites of the first Russian revolution of 1905-1917<...> <...> <...>Minister of the preconditions of the first Russian revolution of 1905-1917<...>The role of Islam and nationalism in the foreign and domestic policies of Iran, 20th century.<...>Prerequisites for the emergence, course and political consequences of the US military invasion of Iraq, late 1990s<...>Minister of Internal Affairs in 1968-1982. 1038 Code: 00327633 Letter to V.M.

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Sixth Makushin readings. Abstracts of reports of the scientific conference on May 22-23, 2003, Novosibirsk

Publishing house of the State Public Library for Science and Technology SB RAS

The collection of materials from the scientific conference "Sixth Makushin Readings" reflects the results of book studies for 2000 - 2002. and includes works on current issues in the history of book culture in Siberia and the Far East, publications on the role of books in the cultural development of the region, modern trends in book publishing and book distribution, reading interests of Siberians, new information technologies, problems of studying the international influence of Russian books (in historical retrospect and modern aspect), etc.

computers, as a new class of subjects capable of carrying out very complex types of activities, created the prerequisites<...>Essay on the internal history of Pskov. St. Petersburg, 1873.<...>At the same time, the absence of a coherent system of military censorship bodies and rules for their activities created the preconditions<...>Moreover, the technical prerequisite for reading - the ability to read - was often not used in those conditions<...>the need to obtain high-quality and timely information by consumers of the State Public Library for Science and Technology SB RAS served as a prerequisite

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M.: PROMEDIA

Information basis for the activities of a construction specialist. Information and communication competence of a university teacher.

It is possible to identify external and internal prerequisites for the social order for the training of personnel who can freely<...>External prerequisites include: – socio-economic processes that determine the formation of society<...>Internal preconditions characterizing the education system itself are understood by us as conditions<...>The external and internal prerequisites for the emergence of a social order for the preparation of a competitive

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Essays on the history of book culture in Siberia and the Far East. T. 2. The end of the 19th – the beginning of the 20th century.

Publishing house of the State Public Library for Science and Technology SB RAS

The second volume of “Essays on the History of Book Culture in Siberia and the Far East” combines empirical and theoretical materials, the most significant information from existing book studies and works on other topics and is based on the analysis of archival documents that have not lost their value to this day. This is the first time such a work has been created; it shows the overall picture of book culture in the region during the most difficult moments of national history. Many pages of the second volume of “Essays” have new features, and its publication makes it possible to summarize materials about the fate of the book in Siberia and the Far East in the pre-October era*.

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Transformation of supply chains in the network economy: problems and prospects

The development of the network economy is changing the institutional content of economic relations. Traditional distribution channels are being replaced by virtual product distribution networks. The article reveals the features and mechanisms of transformation of supply chains in e-commerce. It is noted that the competitiveness of Russian manufacturers in the global network market of consumer goods depends on this today.

Prerequisites for structural changes.<...>External and internal prerequisites.<...>The internal prerequisites for structural changes lie in the potential for extracting increased<...>General and specific prerequisites.<...>It is equally important for manufacturers to provide information support for internal processes related

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The semantics of internal and external possibilities can be noted in advertising texts in a “pure” form, cf.:<...>prerequisites that determine the implementation of the specified situation’.<...>The “emergence” and development of the semantic type of internal possibility often receives prerequisites in advertising<...>The moment as a period of time, having the specified internal ability, is replaced in the advertising text<...>the translated part of the name (English moment – ​​‘moment’), identifying external objective prerequisites for changes

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To formulate programs and projects for the modernization of the Russian economy, a well-founded theoretical platform is required. Its creation requires solving the methodological problem of replacing the concepts of “modernization” and “innovative development”. Today it is necessary to find a reasonable approach that allows us to combine the vector of development of the socio-economic identity of Russian society and the vector of integration into the international innovative division of labor, which opposes this identity

<...>prerequisites for modernization.<...>differences in the main conductors of modernization; in general, modernization processes must be based on objective prerequisites<...>prerequisites for modernization.<...>They are not an internal matter of each society (country or its region) and cannot develop in isolation

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the authors analyze the electoral cycle in Russia 2011–2012. in the context of large-scale political transformations in different countries and regions of the world; identify the nature of Russian conflict in terms of its prerequisites, dynamics, and key actors; offer a forecast of further developments

UDC 323.2 THE NATURE OF RUSSIAN CONFLICT: EXTERNAL CONTEXT AND INTERNAL PREREQUISITES A.V.<...>SOCIOLOGY. 2012. No. 1 The nature of Russian conflict: external context and internal prerequisites banner<...>The nature of Russian conflict: external context and internal prerequisites 12* Copyright JSC Central Design Bureau BIBKOM

Causes of intrapersonal conflict

Chapter 9. Causes and consequences of intrapersonal conflict

Intrapersonal conflict, like any other, does not arise out of nowhere. A person lives in a social world, is involved in diverse social relations that influence him in different directions and with different signs. No individual as a social being can develop outside this system of social relations. And only in society can he satisfy his needs, strengthen his interests and achieve his goals. In other words, it is impossible to live in society and be free from it. On the other hand, every personality strives for freedom and self-realization. This objective contradiction between the individual and society initially predetermines the emergence of various intrapersonal conflicts, which have various consequences for the development of the individual.

A person's relationship to the world, to other people and to himself is contradictory character which also determines the inconsistency of the internal structure of the personality. A person as a part of society cannot “jump out” from the integral system of contradictory social relations, which ultimately determine his consciousness, psyche and entire inner world.

Diverse relationships, wrote A.N. in this regard. Leontiev, - into which a person enters into reality, are objectively contradictory. Their contradictions give rise to conflicts, which, under certain conditions, are fixed and become part of the personality structure.

With a more specific consideration of the causes of intrapersonal conflict, they can be divided into three types:

1) internal reasons rooted in the contradictions of the individual himself;

2) external reasons due to the position of the individual in a social group;

3) external reasons determined by the position of the individual in society.

It should be borne in mind that all these types of causes of conflict are interconnected, and their differentiation itself is quite arbitrary. We are essentially talking about individual, special and general causes, between which, as well as between the categories that reflect them, there is a dialectical relationship. For example, the internal causes of conflict are the result of an individual’s interaction with both the group and society, and do not arise on their own, out of nowhere.

The internal causes of intrapersonal conflict are rooted in the contradictions between various motives of the individual, in the mismatch of its internal structure. Moreover, the more complex a person’s inner world is, the more developed his feelings, values ​​and aspirations, the higher his ability for self-analysis, the more the personality is susceptible to conflict. Among the main contradictions that cause internal conflict are the following:

  • contradiction between need and social norm. The intrapersonal conflict that arises on this basis is classically described by 3. Freud;
  • contradiction of motives, interests and needs (you both want to go to the theater and need to prepare for a seminar);
  • contradiction of social roles (and in production you have to stay late to fulfill an urgent order, and take a walk with the child);
  • contradiction of social values ​​and norms: how to combine the Christian value “thou shalt not kill” and the duty of defending the fatherland on the battlefield.

Leontyev A. N. Activity. Consciousness, Personality. – M.: Politizdat, 1975. – P. 222.

For an intrapersonal conflict to arise, these contradictions must acquire a deep personal meaning, otherwise a person will not attach importance to them. In addition, the different sides of the contradictions should be approximately equal in the strength of their impact on the individual. Otherwise, a person easily chooses the lesser of two evils, and the greater of two goods. And no conflict arises.

Children's giftedness: signs, types, personality traits of a gifted child

1.1. Definition of the concepts of “giftedness” and “gifted child” Giftedness is a systemic quality of the psyche that develops throughout life, which determines a person’s ability to achieve higher, extraordinary results in one or more types of activity compared to other people. A gifted child is a child who stands out for his bright, obvious, sometimes outstanding achievements (or has internal prerequisites for such achievements) in one or another type of activity. Today, most psychologists recognize that the level, qualitative originality and nature of the development of giftedness are always the result of a complex interaction of heredity (natural inclinations) and the sociocultural environment, mediated by the child’s activities (play, study, work). In this case, the child’s own activity, as well as the psychological mechanisms of personal self-development that underlie the formation and implementation of individual talent, are of particular importance. Childhood is a period of development of abilities and personality. This is a time of deep integrative processes in the child’s psyche against the background of its differentiation. The level and breadth of integration determine the characteristics of the formation and maturity of the phenomenon itself - giftedness. The progression of this process, its delay or regression determine the dynamics of the development of giftedness. One of the most controversial issues related to the problem of gifted children is the question of the frequency of manifestation of children's giftedness. There are two extreme points of view: “all children are gifted” - “gifted children are extremely rare.” Supporters of one of them believe that almost any healthy child can be developed to the level of giftedness, provided favorable conditions are created. For others, giftedness is a unique phenomenon, in which case the focus is on finding gifted children. This alternative can be removed within the framework of the following position: potential prerequisites for achievement in various types of activities are inherent in many children, while actual outstanding results are demonstrated by a significantly smaller proportion of children.

This or that child can demonstrate particular success in a fairly wide range of activities, since his mental capabilities are extremely plastic at different stages of age development. In turn, this creates conditions for the formation of various types of talent. Moreover, even in the same type of activity, different children can discover the uniqueness of their talent in relation to its different aspects. Giftedness often manifests itself in the success of activities that have a spontaneous, amateur nature. For example, a child who is passionate about technical design may enthusiastically build his own models at home, but at the same time not show similar activity either in school or in specially organized extracurricular activities (club, section, studio). In addition, gifted children do not always strive to demonstrate their achievements to others. Thus, a child who writes poetry or stories may hide his hobby from the teacher. Thus, a child’s giftedness should be judged not only by his school or extracurricular activities, but by the forms of activity initiated by him. In some cases, the reason that delays the development of giftedness, despite a potentially high level of abilities, is certain difficulties in the child’s development: for example, stuttering, increased anxiety, conflictual nature of communication, etc. By providing such a child with psychological and pedagogical support, these barriers can be removed. One of the reasons for the lack of manifestations of one or another type of giftedness may be a lack of necessary knowledge, skills, and abilities, as well as the inaccessibility (due to living conditions) of the subject area of ​​activity corresponding to the child’s talent. Thus, giftedness in different children can be expressed in more or less obvious form. When analyzing the characteristics of a child’s behavior, a teacher, psychologist and parents must make a kind of “admission” for insufficient knowledge about his true capabilities, while understanding that there are children whose talent they have not yet been able to see. Giftedness in childhood can be considered as the potential for mental development in relation to subsequent stages of an individual’s life path. However, it is necessary to take into account the specifics of giftedness in childhood (as opposed to the giftedness of an adult): 1) Childhood giftedness often acts as a manifestation of the laws of age-related development. Each childhood age has its own prerequisites for the development of abilities. For example, preschoolers are characterized by a special predisposition to mastering languages, a high level of curiosity, and extremely vivid imagination; older adolescence is characterized by various forms of poetic and literary creativity, etc. The high relative weight of the age factor in the signs of giftedness sometimes creates the appearance of giftedness (i.e., the “mask” of giftedness, under which is an ordinary child) in the form of accelerated development of certain mental functions, specialization of interests, etc. 2) Under the influence of changes in age, education, mastery of norms of cultural behavior, type of family upbringing, etc. There may be a “fading” of signs of children’s giftedness. As a result, it is extremely difficult to assess the degree of stability of giftedness demonstrated by a given child over a certain period of time. In addition, difficulties arise regarding the prognosis of the transformation of a gifted child into a gifted adult. 3) The unique dynamics of the formation of children's giftedness often manifests itself in the form of unevenness (mismatch) of mental development. Thus, along with a high level of development of certain abilities, there is a lag in the development of written and oral speech; a high level of special abilities can be combined with insufficient development of general intelligence, etc. As a result, according to some characteristics, a child can be identified as gifted, but according to others, as lagging behind in mental development. 4) Manifestations of children's giftedness are often difficult to distinguish from training (or more broadly, the degree of socialization), which is the result of more favorable living conditions for a given child. It is clear that, given equal abilities, a child from a family with a high socio-economic status (in cases where the family makes efforts to develop it) will show higher achievements in certain types of activities compared to a child for whom similar conditions have not been created.

The assessment of a particular child as gifted is largely arbitrary. A child's most remarkable abilities are not a direct and sufficient indicator of his future achievements. We cannot close our eyes to the fact that signs of giftedness manifested in childhood, even under the most seemingly favorable conditions, can either gradually or very quickly disappear. Taking this circumstance into account is especially important when organizing practical work with gifted children. You should not use the phrase “gifted child” in terms of stating (rigidly fixing) the status of a particular child, because the psychological drama of the situation is obvious when a child, accustomed to the fact that he is “gifted,” suddenly objectively loses signs of his exceptionality at the next stages of development. A painful question may arise about what to do next with a child who began studying in a specialized educational institution, but then ceased to be considered gifted. Based on this, in practical work with children, instead of the concept of “gifted child,” the concept of “signs of a child’s giftedness” (or “child with signs of giftedness”) should be used.

The starting point for understanding the nature of mental development is the relationship between natural and social, congenital and acquired in a child.

From birth, a child receives an organism with its anatomical and physiological structure, which includes morphological and physiological properties and patterns of their maturation, gender, nervous system, congenital individual characteristics (constitution, skin color, hair, eyes, blood type, type of GNI, etc. .). In a newborn, activity consists almost entirely of innate forms of behavior - unconditioned reflexes. A child, unlike an animal, is born with a minimum number of innate reflexes, but rich potential for their lifetime development in the process of interaction with the social environment.

Thus, for the holistic process of mental development, the natural basis determined by the genotype acts prerequisite a kind of foundation on which mental new formations arise under the determining influence of the social environment.

For example, when certain mental reactions occur, they may change depending on the conditions created by the adult. If he shows kind attention and care to the child, speaks kindly, then the baby’s smile appears earlier. From birth, a child receives the ability to perform elementary mental functions (the so-called inclinations): various types of sensation and perception (visual, auditory, tactile, etc.), simple memorization. Higher mental functions (speech, theoretical thinking, voluntary memory, imagination, will) will require a long period of training and education.

Conditions mental development is divided into external and internal.

External - factors of the natural and social environment acting on the child’s mental development through internal conditions (S. L. Rubinstein). The social environment is source mental development. It has three components:

1) macro environment: society, its socio-economic and political system;

2) Strategic - national-cultural and socio-demographic characteristics of the child’s place of residence;

3) microenvironment - immediate environment, close adults, family.

Domestic the conditions for a child’s mental development are his mental characteristics (development of consciousness, experience, education, motivation).

External and internal conditions of personality development are closely interrelated, their interaction has qualitative differences at each age stage.

The interaction of external and internal conditions has two main forms. Firstly, as mutual transitions of interiorization and exteriorization.

Secondly, how the emergence and resolution of contradictions. Thus, the experience of perceiving and understanding the surrounding “adult” world is reproduced by preschoolers in role-playing games. At school, students learn the basics of science: the knowledge accumulated by humanity is internalized, which finds application in the individual’s future work activity (exteriorization).

Contradictions between external and internal conditions are reflected by the human psyche as internal contradictions and act as the driving forces of mental development.

driving forces - internal contradictions that motivate a person to activity aimed at overcoming them. For example, G.S. Kostyuk identified a number of such important internal contradictions.

1. Between new needs, goals, aspirations and the level of mastery of the means necessary to satisfy them achieved by a person. For example, as a result of the emergence of a communicative need, a child masters speech as a means of communication with others.

2. Between inertia, stability, stability and variability, flexibility. The solution to this contradiction leads to the emergence of “flexible stability.” In particular, a person’s generalization of various changing motives and modes of behavior leads to his stability in various life circumstances.

3. Between the achieved level of mental development of an individual and his way of life.

4. Between promising and immediate goals.

Overcoming some contradictions leads to the emergence of others, which, in turn, lead to new actions, to further improvement of the individual’s activities, and constitutes the process of its development. Thus, the personality acts as the subject of its own development, which occurs only due to its activity.

CONCLUSIONS about the prerequisites, conditions and driving forces of the child’s mental development:

A prerequisite for the mental development of a child is its natural basis, determined by the genotype;

The source and external condition of a child’s mental development is the social environment;

The internal condition of a child’s mental development is his mental characteristics;

Contradictions between the external and internal conditions of the development of a child’s psyche act as the driving forces of his mental development.

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