Presentation on the topic of the divine pantheon of the ancient Slavs. Gods of the ancient Slavs. Presentation for the lesson. presentation for a history lesson (6th grade) on the topic. Identification of Mokosh with the World Duck
“Already in ancient times, many thousands of years ago, the Slavs had a very harmonious and holistic system of worldview, revealing and explaining the principles of the structure of the World - the living World, in a constant movement of self-development and self-improvement. And humanity, as the main part of it, is also not something something complete, frozen, and also strives for renewal, that is, for the evolution of its consciousness and being.
This system of the ancient Slavs was based on the idea of the existence of three spheres - worlds in which the entire heavenly and earthly life of every person takes place. These are the Worlds - Rule, Navi and Reveal.
The World of Light, goodness, truth, Divine love and beauty is the World of Rule. The bright Gods live in it and it is ruled by Svarog, the eldest son of the Heavenly Family, the Creator of all things.
The World of Navi is the sphere of presence of the Creator’s Consciousness, where human souls go after being on Earth, where they live between previous and subsequent incarnations.
And, finally, our earthly manifested world - the World of Form or the World of Revealing. This is an obvious world where each of those born goes through the school of Genesis, learns in specific life situations to distinguish bad from good, light from darkness, good from evil. She gives the light of her love through creative creative work to all other people and society.
According to the views of the ancient Slavs, Nature is the Temple, and everything that surrounds them - plants, animals, the elements of fire, air, earth and water, Mother Earth herself, planets and stars - are under constant Divine supervision, management and control.
And the destinies of people are intertwined on the spindle of the Heavenly Goddess Mokosh, depending on the Divine purpose of each and his immediate way of existence in the Reality World.
The bright Images of the Slavic Gods of the century and millennium taught the Slavs the wise laws of the world of Rule, the world of high moral concepts that protect them on the thorny roads of earthly existence."
Bird Gamayun
The bird Gamayun is the messenger of the Slavic gods, their herald. She sings divine hymns to people and proclaims the future to those who agree to listen to the secret.
Gamayun lives in the bright Vyria - the Garden of Eden. She knows everything in the world about the origin of earth and sky, gods and heroes, people and monsters, animals and birds.
According to ancient belief, the cry of the bird Gamayun foretells happiness.
Perun is the god of thunder and lightning, the patron saint of warriors. Svarog and Lada.
According to the Slavs, Perun appeared with his lightning on the warm days of spring, fertilized the earth with rain and brought out the clear sun from behind the scattered clouds. With his creative power nature awakened to life, and he seemed to be creating the World again. Hence Perun is a producer, a creator. At the same time, Perun is a formidable and punishing deity; his appearance excites fear and trembling.
Yarilo-Sun
God is the patron of bright thoughts, a pure Heart and our luminary. Thanks to the energy of heat and light that the Yarilo-Sun gives us all, life itself on Earth is possible.
Makosh
Makosh is the Goddess of all Fate (kosh, kosht - fate, the syllable "ma" can be abbreviated as the word "mother"), the eldest of the goddesses, the spinner of fate, and also the patroness of women's handicrafts on Earth. Svarog's sister.
Guardian of female fertility and productivity, thriftiness and prosperity in the home.
3.6.3.1. Identification of Mokosh with the World Duck
In the images of the Slavic all-Russian god Veles, the figure of a duck is clearly visible. She sits on his head. This, at first glance, strange placement of the bird leads to an understanding of the views of the ancient Slavs on space.
In Russian, the word “duck” is very old. It carries with it a huge vocabulary “nest” reflecting concepts such as:
duck – bird (duck, Siberian, Kamchatka, generally bird, bird);
duck - woman (where is the duck (woman)
weft - thread for weaving.
The source also gives a description of the method of sitting: “Sitting duck, on the soles of your feet, with your arms wrapped around your knees.” It is this method that is captured in the outline of the Egyptian hieroglyph “Maat”.
Rice. 6.3.6.3.1.1. Egyptian Ma'at sitting in the "Duck" pose:
1 – image of Maat on a vessel from the temple complex of Osiris in Abydos
2 – enlarged fragment, clay, height 34 cm, New Kingdom, XIX dynasty, Brussels, Royal Museum of Art and History (E 0597);
3 – figurine of Maat, 7th – 1st centuries. BC, Egyptian faience, height 11 cm;
4 – figurine of Maat.
On the one hand, this circumstance once again confirms: the Egyptian Maat is a local form of the Slavic Mokosh (see paragraph 5.3.3.1.4. Chapter VI). On the other hand, this same similarity helps us more confidently identify the duck with Makosh.
The name “kokoshnik” comes from the ancient Slavic “kokosh”, which meant chicken or rooster. The kokoshnik was made on a solid base, decorated on top with brocade, braid, beads, beads, pearls, and for the richest - with precious stones. Kokoshnik (kokuy, kokoshko) is made in the form of a fan or a round shield around the head; it is a light fan made of thick paper, sewn to a cap or hairpiece; it consists of a retracted head and bottom, or head and hair, with a descent behind the tape. Kokoshnik is not only a women's headdress, but also a decoration on the facades of buildings in the Russian style. 
Rice. 6.3.6.3.1.2.1. Kokoshniks, from left to right: 1 – kokoshnik of the Arzamas district of the Nizhny Novgorod province, Russian Museum; 2 – Russian kokoshnik; 3 – Russian kokoshnik with an image of Mokosh, stylized as a bee; 4 – large helmet made of bronze, Etruria (7th century BC), National Museum of Villa Giulia, Rome.
The shape of the kokoshnik from the front resembles a crown, and from the side it resembles a duck. Numerous Russian words of the same root lead us to the latter meaning: coca, coco - egg, kokach - pie with porridge and eggs, kokosh - hen, kokish - the first regular feathers of a goose wing, for writing, kokotok - joint of the finger, kokova - knob, upper tip, head, carved decoration on the ridge of the hut, copper heads on sleighs, cart goats, etc.
Rice. 6.3.6.3.1.2.2. Development of the image and symbolism of the kokoshnik, from left to right: 1 – Slavic god Veles with the Makosha duck on his head; 2 – Egyptian goddess with two birds on her head; 3 – king Khafre (Khefre) (mid-26th century BC), Egypt; 4, 5 – Russian kokoshniks.
Another Russian national headdress - kichka - also drew its symbolism from the star Slavic religious cult of the duck-Makoshi, located on the head (neck) of Veles.
Rice. 6.3.6.3.1.2.3. Development of the image and symbolism of the kichka, from left to right: 1 – Veles in a horned and circle-shaped headdress with the duck star Makosha in the center; 2 – Egyptian god in a horned headdress and with a circle; 3, 4 – on the Egyptian fresco the horns turned into two feathers of Maat (Makoshi) with the sun inside; 5 – Russian kichka, Tambov province (19th century); 6 – fragment of the pattern; 7 – Scythian-Koban figurine from Dagestan (6th century BC); 8 – horned kichka – wedding headdress of a Nekrasovka Cossack woman (early 19th century); 9 – horned Makosh, Russian embroidery; 10 – Russian kichka.
In Fig. 6.3.6.3.1.2.3. the development of the image of the Slavic god Veles, holding a duck-Makosh with a nest on its head, is clearly visible. In fragments 3 and 4, the horns turn into feathers (ostrich), which symbolize the Egyptian Maat (Russian Makosh). On the kitty (5) there is a pattern, which is presented on an enlarged scale in fragment 6. It is completely similar to the Egyptian two feathers and the sun between them. The oldest sculptural image of Mokosh was found in Rus', in the village of Kostenki, Voronezh region.
The content corresponding to Slavic religious mythology was carried by the kitschka. This Russian headdress imitated the horns of a cow, which symbolized the fertility of its owner. Young married Russian women wore a horned kitty, exchanging it in old age for a hornless one. Slavic married women for a long time (and to this day!) retained the method of tying a scarf, when its corner ends stuck out on the forehead in the form of small horns. They also imitated the horns of a cow and symbolized a productive period in a woman's life.
That
Rice. 6.3.7.4.2. Veles in the form of a bear with the head of a bull and a duck on his head. This ancient image of the god Veles is associated with the image of the Egyptian gods Thoth (with the head of an ibis bird), Anubis (with the head of a jackal), the lion-headed goddess Sekhmet, etc. 
God Ra.
Sekhmet and Horus
Iraida - goddess of the rainbow
God of Egypt Ptah
PRESENTATION ON THE TOPIC: "SLAVIC GODS »
Melnikova Tamara Sergeevna
Ancient Slavic pantheon
very complex in its structure and numerous in composition. Most gods were identified with various forces of nature, although there were exceptions, the most striking example of which is Rod, the creator god. Due to the similarity of functions and properties of some gods, it is difficult to determine for sure which names are just variations of the names of the same god, and which belong to different gods. The entire pantheon can be divided into two large circles: the elder gods who ruled all three worlds in the primordial stage, and the second circle - the young gods who took the reins of power in the new stage. At the same time, some elder gods are present in the new stage, while others disappear (more precisely, there are no descriptions of their activities or interference in anything, but the memory that they existed remains). In the Slavic pantheon there was no clear hierarchy of power, which was replaced by a clan hierarchy, where sons were subordinate to their father, but brothers were equal to each other. The Slavs did not have clearly defined evil gods and good gods. Some deities gave life, others took it, but all were revered equally, since the Slavs believed that the existence of one without the other was impossible. At the same time, gods who were good in their functions could punish and cause harm, while evil ones, on the contrary, could help and save people. Thus, the gods of the ancient Slavs were very similar to people not only in appearance, but also in character, since they simultaneously carried within themselves both good and evil. Outwardly, the gods looked like people, and most of them could turn into animals, in the form of which they usually appeared to people. The gods were distinguished from ordinary beings by their superpowers, which allowed the deities to change the world around them. Each of the gods had power over one of the parts of this world. The effects on other parts not subject to the deities were limited and temporary.
Genus
The most ancient supreme male deity among the Slavs was Rod. Already in Christian teachings against paganism in the 12th-13th centuries. they write about Rod as a god who was worshiped by all peoples. Rod was the god of the sky, thunderstorms, and fertility. They said about him that he rides on a cloud, throws rain on the ground, and from this children are born. He was the ruler of the earth and all living things, and was a pagan creator god. In Slavic languages, the root “rod” means kinship, birth, water (spring), profit (harvest), concepts such as people and homeland, in addition, it means the color red and lightning, especially ball lightning, called “rhodia”. This variety of cognate words undoubtedly proves the greatness of the pagan god. Rod is a creator god, together with his sons Belbog and Chernobog he created this world. Alone, Rod created Prav, Yav and Nav in the sea of chaos, and together with his sons he created the earth. The sun then came out from His face. The bright moon is from His chest. The frequent stars are from His eyes. The clear dawns are from His eyebrows. Dark nights - yes from His thoughts. Violent winds - from the breath... “The Book of Kolyada” The Slavs had no idea about the appearance of the Family, since he never appeared directly in front of people. Temples in honor of the deity were built on hills or simply large open areas of land. His idol was phallic in shape or simply shaped like a pillar painted red. Sometimes the role of an idol was played by an ordinary tree growing on a hill, especially if it was quite ancient. In general, the Slavs believed that Rod is in everything and therefore can be worshiped anywhere. There were no sacrifices in honor of Rod. Instead, holidays and feasts are organized, which are held directly near the idol. The companions of the Family were Rozhanitsy - female deities of fertility in Slavic mythology, the patroness of the family, family, and home. Belbog Son of Rod, god of light, goodness and justice. In Slavic mythology, he is the creator of the world along with Rod and Chernobog. Outwardly, Belbog appeared as a gray-haired old man dressed like a sorcerer. Belobog in the mythology of our ancestors never acted as an independent individual character. Just as any object in the world of reality has a shadow, so Belobog has its integral antipode - Chernobog. A similar analogy can be found in ancient Chinese philosophy (yin and yang), in the Ynglism of the Icelanders (Yuj rune) and in many other cultural and religious systems. Belobog, thus, becomes the embodiment of bright human ideals: goodness, honor and justice. A sanctuary in honor of Belbog was built on the hills, with the idol facing east, towards the sunrise. However, Belbog was revered not only in the sanctuary of the deity, but also at feasts, always making a toast in his honor.
Belbog
Veles
One of the greatest gods of the ancient world, son of Rod, brother of Svarog. His main act was that Veles set the world created by Rod and Svarog into motion. Veles - “cattle god” - master of the wild, master of Navi, powerful wizard and werewolf, interpreter of laws, teacher of the arts, patron of travelers and merchants, god of luck. True, some sources point to him as the god of death... At the moment, among various pagan and Rodnoverie movements, a fairly popular text is Veles’s book, which became known to the general public in the 1950s of the last century thanks to the researcher and writer Yuri Mirolyubov. The Veles book is actually 35 birch tablets, dotted with symbols, which linguists (in particular, A. Kur and S. Lesnoy) call Slavic pre-Cyrillic writing. It is curious that the original text really does not resemble either the Cyrillic or Glagolitic alphabet, but the features of the Slavic runitsa are presented in it indirectly. Despite the wide spread and mass veneration of this god, Veles was always separated from the other gods; his idols were never placed in common temples (sacred places in which images of the main gods of this territory were installed). Two animals are associated with the image of Veles: a bull and a bear; in the temples dedicated to the deity, the wise men often kept a bear, which played a key role in the rituals.
Dazhdbog
Sun God Giver of warmth and light, god of fertility and life-giving force. The symbol of Dazhdbog was originally considered to be the solar disk. Its color is gold, speaking of the nobility of this god and his unshakable strength. In general, our ancestors had three main solar deities - Khors, Yarila and Dazhdbog. But Khors was the winter sun, Yarilo was the spring sun, and Dazhdbog was the summer sun. Of course, it was Dazhdbog who deserved special respect, since a lot depended on the summer position of the sun in the firmament for the ancient Slavs, a people of farmers. At the same time, Dazhdbog was never distinguished by a tough disposition, and if a drought suddenly attacked, then our ancestors never blamed this god. The temples of Dazhdbog were located on the hills. The idol was made of wood and placed facing east or southeast. Feathers from ducks, swans and geese, as well as honey, nuts and apples were brought as gifts to the deity.
Devana
Devana is the goddess of hunting, wife of the forest god Svyatobor and daughter of Perun. The Slavs represented the goddess in the form of a beautiful girl dressed in an elegant marten fur coat trimmed with squirrel. The beauty wore a bear skin over her fur coat, and the head of the animal served as her hat. Perun's daughter carried with her an excellent bow and arrows, a sharp knife and a spear, the kind used to kill a bear. The beautiful goddess not only hunted forest animals: she herself taught them how to avoid dangers and endure harsh winters. Dewana was first of all revered by hunters and trappers; they prayed to the goddess to grant good luck in the hunt, and in gratitude they brought part of their prey to her sanctuary. It was believed that it was she who helped to find the secret paths of animals in the dense forest, to avoid clashes with wolves and bears, and, if the meeting did take place, to help the person emerge victorious.
Share and Nedolya
Share - the good goddess, Mokosh’s assistant, weaves a happy destiny. He appears in the guise of a sweet young man or a red-haired maiden with golden curls and a cheerful smile. He cannot stand still, he walks around the world - there are no barriers: swamp, river, forest, mountains - Fate will instantly overcome. Doesn't like lazy people, careless people, drunks and all sorts of bad people. Although at first he makes friends with everyone, then he will figure it out and leave the bad, evil person.
Nedolya (Nuzha, Need) - the goddess, Mokosh’s assistant, weaves an unhappy fate. Dolya and Nedolya are not just personifications of abstract concepts that do not have objective existence, but on the contrary, they are living persons identical to the maidens of fate. They act according to their own calculations, regardless of the will and intentions of a person: a happy person does not work at all and lives in contentment, because the Share works for him. On the contrary, Nedolya’s activities are constantly aimed at harming people. While she is awake, misfortune follows misfortune, and only then does it become easier for the unfortunate man when Nedolya falls asleep: “If Likho is sleeping, don’t wake him.”
Dogoda
Dogoda (Weather) - the god of beautiful weather and a gentle, pleasant breeze. Young, ruddy, fair-haired, wearing a cornflower blue wreath with blue butterfly wings gilded at the edges, in silver-shiny bluish clothes, holding a thorn in his hand and smiling at the flowers.
Kolyada
Kolyada is the baby sun, in Slavic mythology the embodiment of the New Year’s cycle, as well as a holiday character similar to Avsen. Kolyada was celebrated on winter holidays from December 25 (the turn of the sun to spring) to January 6. “Once upon a time, Kolyada was not perceived as a mummer. Kolyada was a deity, and one of the most influential. They called carols and called. The days before the New Year were dedicated to Kolyada, and games were organized in her honor, which were subsequently held at Christmastide. The last patriarchal ban on the worship of Kolyada was issued on December 24, 1684. It is believed that Kolyada was recognized by the Slavs as the deity of fun, which is why he was called upon and called upon by merry bands of youth during New Year’s festivities” (A. Strizhev. “People's Calendar”).
Kryshen
The son of the Almighty and the goddess Maya, he was the brother of the very first creator of the world, Rod, although he was much younger than him. He returned fire to people, fought on the shores of the Arctic Ocean with Chernobog and defeated him.
KUPALO
Kupala (Kupaila) is the fruitful deity of summer, the summer hypostasis of the Sun god. “Kupalo, as I remember, was the god of abundance, like the Hellenic Ceres, to whom the madman offered thanks for the abundance to the Shah at that time, when the harvest was about to arrive.” His holiday is dedicated to the summer solstice, the longest day of the year. The night before this day was also sacred - the Night before Kupalo. Feasting, merrymaking and mass swimming in ponds continued all that night. They sacrificed to him before collecting bread, on June 23, St. Agrippina, who was popularly nicknamed the Bathing Suit. Young people decorated themselves with wreaths, lit a fire, danced around it and sang Kupala. The games continued all night. In some places, on June 23, they heated bathhouses, laid grass for a bathhouse (buttercup) in them, and then swam in the river. On the very Nativity of John the Baptist, weaving wreaths, they hung them on the roofs of houses and on barns to remove evil spirits from the home.
Lada
LADA (Freya, Preya, Siv or Zif) - the goddess of youth and spring, beauty and fertility, an all-generous mother, patroness of love and marriages. In folk songs, “lado” still means a dearly beloved friend, lover, groom, husband. Freya's outfit shines with the dazzling brilliance of the sun's rays, her beauty is charming, and the drops of morning dew are called her tears; on the other hand, she acts as a warlike heroine, rushing through the heavens in storms and thunderstorms and driving away rain clouds. In addition, she is a goddess, in whose retinue the shadows of the deceased march into the afterlife. The cloud fabric is precisely the veil on which the soul, after the death of a person, ascends to the kingdom of the blessed. According to popular poems, angels, appearing for a righteous soul, take it on a shroud and carry it to heaven. The cult of Freya-Siwa explains the superstitious respect that Russian commoners have for Friday, as a day dedicated to this goddess. Anyone who starts a business on Friday will, as the proverb goes, back off. Among the ancient Slavs, the birch tree, which personified the goddess Lada, was considered a sacred tree.
Ice
Ice - the Slavs prayed to this deity for success in battles; he was revered as the ruler of military actions and bloodshed. This ferocious deity was depicted as a terrible warrior, armed with Slavic armor, or all-weapon. A sword at the hip, a spear and a shield in the hand. He had his own temples. When preparing to go on a campaign against enemies, the Slavs prayed to him, asking for help and promising abundant sacrifices if they were successful in military operations.
Lel
Lel is the god of love passion in the mythology of the ancient Slavs, the son of the goddess of beauty and love Lada. The word “cherish” still reminds us of Lela, this cheerful, frivolous god of passion, that is, undead, love. He is the son of the goddess of beauty and love Lada, and beauty naturally gives birth to passion. This feeling flared up especially brightly in the spring and on Kupala night. Lel was depicted as a golden-haired, winged baby, like his mother: after all, love is free and elusive. Lel threw sparks from his hands: after all, passion is fiery, hot love! In Slavic mythology, Lel is the same god as the Greek Eros or Roman Cupid. Only the ancient gods hit the hearts of people with arrows, and Lel kindled them with his fierce flame. The stork (heron) was considered his sacred bird. Another name for this bird in some Slavic languages is leleka. In connection with Lelem, both cranes and larks were revered - symbols of spring.
Makosh
One of the main goddesses of the Eastern Slavs, the wife of the thunderer Perun. Her name is made up of two parts: “ma” - mother and “kosh” - purse, basket, shed. Makosh is the mother of filled koshes, the mother of a good harvest. This is not a goddess of fertility, but a goddess of the results of the economic year, a goddess of the harvest, and a giver of blessings. The harvest is determined by lot, fate, every year, so she was also revered as the goddess of fate. A mandatory attribute when depicting her is a cornucopia. This goddess connected the abstract concept of fate with the concrete concept of abundance, patronized the household, sheared sheep, spun, and punished the careless. The specific concept of “spinner” was associated with the metaphorical one: “spinning of fate.” Makosh patronized marriage and family happiness. She was represented as a woman with a large head and long arms, spinning at night in a hut: superstitions forbid leaving the tow, “otherwise Makosha will spin it.”
Moraine
Morena (Marana, Morana, Mara, Maruha, Marmara) - the goddess of death, winter and night. Mara is the goddess of death, daughter of Lada. Outwardly, Mara looks like a tall, beautiful girl with black hair in red clothes. Mara cannot be called either an evil or a good goddess. On the one hand, it gives death, but at the same time it also gives life. One of Mara’s favorite pastimes is needlework: she loves to spin and weave. At the same time, like the Greek Moira, he uses the threads of fate of living beings for needlework, leading them to turning points in life, and, ultimately, cutting off the thread of existence. Mara sends her messengers all over the world, who appear to people in the guise of a woman with long black hair or in the guise of doubles of people who are destined for warning, and foretell imminent death. No permanent places of worship were erected in the part of Mara; honors could be paid to her anywhere. To do this, an image of the goddess, carved from wood or made from straw, was installed on the ground, and the area was surrounded by stones. Directly in front of the idol, a larger stone or wooden plank was installed, which served as an altar. After the ceremony, all this was dismantled, and the image of Mary was burned or thrown into the river. Mara was revered on February 15, and flowers, straw and various fruits were brought as gifts to the goddess of death. Sometimes, during years of severe epidemics, animals were sacrificed, bleeding them directly at the altar. Welcoming spring with a solemn holiday, the Slavs performed a ritual of expelling Death or Winter and threw an effigy of Morana into the water. As a representative of winter, Morana is defeated by the spring Perun, who strikes her with his blacksmith's hammer and casts her into an underground dungeon for the entire summer. In accordance with the identification of Death with thunder spirits, ancient belief forced these latter to fulfill its sad duty. But since the thunderer and his companions were also the organizers of the heavenly kingdom, the concept of Death became twofold, and fantasy portrayed it either as an evil creature, dragging souls into the underworld, or as a messenger of the supreme deity, accompanying the souls of deceased heroes to his heavenly palace. Diseases were considered by our ancestors as companions and assistants of Death.
Perun
The Thunder God, a victorious, punishing deity, whose appearance excites fear and awe. Perun, in Slavic mythology, the most famous of the Svarozhich brothers. He is the god of storm clouds, thunder and lightning. He is presented as stately, tall, with black hair and a long golden beard. Seated on a flaming chariot, he rides across the sky, armed with a bow and arrow, and slays the wicked. According to Nestor, the wooden idol of Perun, placed in Kyiv, had a golden mustache on its silver head. Over time, Perun became the patron of the prince and his squad. Temples in honor of Perun were always built on hills, and the highest place in the area was chosen. Idols were made mainly of oak - this mighty tree was a symbol of Perun. Sometimes there were places of worship of Perun, arranged around an oak tree growing on a hill; it was believed that this was how Perun himself designated the best place. In such places no additional idols were placed, and the oak tree, located on a hill, was revered as an idol.
Radegast
Radegast (Redigost, Radigast) is a lightning god, a killer and eater of clouds, and at the same time a luminous guest who appears with the return of spring. Earthly fire was recognized as the son of Heaven, brought down as a gift to mortals, by fast-flying lightning, and therefore the idea of an honored divine guest, a stranger from heaven to earth, was also connected with it. Russian villagers honored him with the guest's name. At the same time, he received the character of a guardian god for every foreigner (guest) who came to someone else’s house and surrendered under the protection of local penates (i.e., hearth), the patron god of merchants who came from distant countries and trade in general. The Slavic Radigost was depicted with the head of a buffalo on his chest.
Svarog
Svarog is the creator god of earth and heaven. Svarog is the source of fire and its ruler. He creates not with words, not with magic, unlike Veles, but with his hands, he creates the material world. He gave people the Sun-Ra and fire. Svarog threw a plow and a yoke from the sky to the ground in order to cultivate the land; a battle ax to protect this land from enemies, and a bowl for preparing a sacred drink in it. Like Rod, Svarog is a creator god, he continued the formation of this world, changing its original state, improving and expanding. However, Svarog’s favorite pastime is blacksmithing. Temples in honor of Svarog were built on hills overgrown with trees or shrubs. The center of the hill was cleared to the ground and a fire was lit in this place; no additional idols were installed in the temple.
Svyatobor
Svyatobor is the god of the forest. Outwardly, he looks like an aged hero, representing an old man of strong physique, with a thick beard and dressed in animal skins. Svyatobor fiercely guards the forests and mercilessly punishes those who harm them, in some cases the punishment can even be death or eternal imprisonment in the forest in the guise of an animal or wood. Svyatobor is married to the goddess of hunting Devan. Temples were not built in honor of Svyatobor; their role was played by groves, forests and forests, which were recognized as sacred and in which neither deforestation nor hunting was carried out.
Semargl
One of the Svarozhichs was the god of fire - Semargl, who is sometimes mistakenly considered only a heavenly dog, the guardian of seeds for sowing. This (storing seeds) was constantly carried out by a much smaller deity - Pereplut. The ancient books of the Slavs tell how Semargl was born. Svarog hit the Alatyr stone with a magic hammer, struck divine sparks from it, which flared up, and the fiery god Semargl became visible in their flames. He sat on a golden-maned horse of silver color. Thick smoke became his banner. Where Semargl passed, a scorched trail remained. Such was his strength, but more often than not he looked quiet and peaceful. Semargl, God of fire and the Moon, fire sacrifices, home and hearth, stores seeds and crops. Can turn into a sacred winged dog. The name of the God of Fire is not known for certain; most likely, his name is so sacred. Of course, this God does not live somewhere in seventh heaven, but directly among people! They try to pronounce his name out loud less often, replacing it with allegories. The Slavs associate the emergence of people with Fire. According to some legends, the Gods created a Man and a Woman from two sticks, between which a Fire flared up - the very first flame of love. Semargl does not allow evil into the world. At night he stands guard with a fiery sword and only one day a year does Semargl leave his post, responding to the call of the Bathing Lady, who calls him to love games on the day of the Autumn Equinox. And on the day of the Summer Solstice, 9 months later, children are born to Semargl and Kupalnitsa - Kostroma and Kupalo.
Stribog
In East Slavic mythology, the god of the wind. He can summon and tame a storm and can turn into his assistant, the mythical bird Stratim. In general, the wind was usually represented in the form of a gray-haired old man living at the edge of the world, in a dense forest or on an island in the middle of the ocean. Stribog's temples were built on the banks of rivers or seas; they are especially often found at river mouths. The temples in his honor were not fenced off from the surrounding area in any way and were designated only by an idol made of wood, which was installed facing north. A large stone was also placed in front of the idol, which served as an altar.
Triglav
In ancient Slavic mythology, this is the unity of the three main essences-hypostases of the gods: Svarog (creation), Perun (law of Rule) and Svyatovit (light). According to various mythological traditions, different gods were included in Triglav. In Novgorod of the 9th century, the Great Triglav consisted of Svarog, Perun and Sventovit, and earlier (before the Western Slavs moved to the Novgorod lands) - of Svarog, Perun and Veles. In Kyiv, apparently, from Perun, Dazhbog and Stribog. The Lesser Triglavs were composed of gods lower on the hierarchical ladder.
Horse
Horse (Korsha, Kore, Korsh) is the ancient Russian deity of the sun and solar disk. It is best known among the southeastern Slavs, where the sun simply reigns over the rest of the world. Horse, in Slavic mythology, the god of the Sun, guardian of the luminary, son of Rod, brother of Veles. Not all gods were common among the Slavs and Rus. For example, before the Russians came to the banks of the Dnieper, Horses were not known here. Only Prince Vladimir installed his image next to Perun. But it was known among other Aryan peoples: among the Iranians, Persians, Zoroastrians, where they worshiped the god of the rising sun - Khorset. This word also had a broader meaning - “radiance”, “brilliance”, as well as “glory”, “greatness”, sometimes “royal dignity” and even “khvarna” - special marking by the gods, chosenness. Temples in honor of Khors were built on small hills in the middle of meadows or small groves. The idol was made of wood and installed on the eastern slope of the hill. And as an offering, a special pie “horoshul” or “kurnik” was used, which crumbled around the idol. But to a greater extent, dances (round dances) and songs were used to honor the Horse.
Chernobog
God of cold, destruction, death, evil; the god of madness and the embodiment of everything bad and black. It is believed that Chernobog is the prototype of the immortal Kashchei from fairy tales. Kashchei is a cult character in Slavic mythology, whose folklore image is extremely far from the original one. Kashchei Chernobogvich was the youngest son of Chernobog, the great Serpent of Darkness. His older brothers - Goryn and Viy - feared and respected Kashchei for his great wisdom and equally great hatred of his father's enemies - the Irian gods. Kashchei owned the deepest and darkest kingdom of Navi - the Koshcheev kingdom, Chernobog - the ruler of Navi, the god of time, the son of Rod. In Slavic mythology, he is the creator of the world along with Rod and Belbog. Outwardly, he appeared in two forms: in the first, he looked like a hunched, thin old man with a long beard, a silver mustache and a crooked stick in his hands; in the second he was depicted as a middle-aged man of thin build, dressed in black clothes, but, again, with a silver mustache. Chernobog is armed with a sword, which he wields masterfully. Although he is able to instantly appear at any point in Navi, he prefers to move astride a fiery stallion. After the creation of the world, Chernobog received Nav, the world of the dead, under his protection, in which he is both a ruler and a prisoner, since, despite all his strength, he is not able to leave its borders. The deity does not release from Navi the souls of people who ended up there for their sins, but the sphere of its influence is not limited to Navi alone. Chernobog managed to bypass the restrictions imposed on him and created Koshchei, who is the incarnation of the ruler of Navi in Reality, while the power of God in another world is significantly less than the real one, but still allowed him to spread his influence to Reality, and only in Rule does Chernobog never appear. Temples in honor of Chernobog were made of dark stones, the wooden idol was completely upholstered with iron, except for the head, on which only the mustache was trimmed with metal
Yarilo
Yarilo is the god of spring and sunlight. Outwardly, Yarilo looks like a young man with red hair, dressed in white clothes with a flower wreath on his head. This god moves around the world riding a white horse. Temples in honor of Yarila were built on the top of hills covered with trees. The tops of the hills were cleared of vegetation and an idol was erected in this place, in front of which a large white stone was placed, which could sometimes be located at the foot of the hill. Unlike most other gods, there were no sacrifices in honor of the god of spring. Usually the deity was worshiped with songs and dances at the temple. At the same time, one of the participants in the action was certainly dressed up as Yarila, after which he became the center of the entire celebration. Sometimes special figurines in the image of people were made, they were brought to the temple, and then smashed against a white stone installed there; it is believed that this brings the blessing of Yarila, from which the harvest will be larger and sexual energy will be higher.
A little about the world order of the Slavs
The center of the world for the ancient Slavs was the World Tree (World Tree, Tree of the World). It is the central axis of the entire universe, including the Earth, and connects the World of People with the World of the Gods and the Underworld. Accordingly, the crown of the tree reaches the World of the Gods in heaven - Iriy or Svarga, the roots of the tree go underground and connect the World of the Gods and the World of people with the underground World or the world of the Dead, ruled by Chernobog, Madder and other “dark” Gods. Somewhere in the heights, behind the clouds (heavenly abysses; above the seventh heaven), the crown of a spreading tree forms an island, and here is Iriy (Slavic paradise), where not only the Gods and ancestors of people live, but also the ancestors of all birds and animals. Thus, the Tree of the World was fundamental in the worldview of the Slavs, its main component. At the same time, it is also a staircase, a road along which you can get to any of the worlds. In Slavic folklore, the Tree of the World is called differently. It can be oak, sycamore, willow, linden, viburnum, cherry, apple or pine. In the ideas of the ancient Slavs, the World Tree is located on the Buyan island on the Alatyr-stone, which is also the center of the universe (the center of the Earth). Judging by some legends, light Gods live on its branches, and dark Gods live in its roots. The image of this tree has come down to us, both in the form of various fairy tales, legends, epics, conspiracies, songs, riddles, and in the form of ritual embroidery on clothes, patterns, ceramic decorations, painting of dishes, chests, etc. Here is an example of how the Tree of the World is described in one of the Slavic folk tales that existed in Rus' and tells about the capture of a horse by a hero-hero: “... there is a copper pillar, and a horse is tied to it, there are pure stars on the sides, a moon is shining on the tail , in the forehead there is a red sun...". This horse is a mythological symbol of the entire universe
Of course, one post cannot cover all the gods that our ancestors worshiped. Different branches of the Slavs called the same gods differently, and they also had their own “local” deities.
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The presentation was prepared by the teacher of the MKOU Negotskaya secondary school Kulikova Natalya Nikolaevna Tomsk region, Kargasoksky district January 2016 Gods of the ancient Slavs Subject: history Audience: 6th grade
In ancient settlements, pagan sanctuaries - temples - occupied a place of honor
Perun is one of the most important gods of the Slavs. God of Thunder, patron of warriors. The Russian ambassadors swore in the name of Perun and Veles when concluding an agreement with the Greeks in 911. In the pantheon of Prince Vladimir, Perun was the main one among all the other Gods.
Lightning that strikes from the sky and causes thunder, splits trees and sometimes even hits living beings - animals and people, in the Slavs' imagination - Perun's arrows.
Flower of God - Iris Perunov Day is traditionally celebrated on July 20th. Since Perun is the patron of warriors, all men carry weapons with them, which are blessed during the holiday.
Horse is the god of the winter sun among the ancient Slavs. Disputes do not subside around this deity, but one thing is clear - Horse occupied a special place in the mythology of the Slavs and was revered on a par with the highest gods of the pagan pantheon.
Khors was considered the patron saint of winter crops, so God was especially revered by people working on the land. Holidays in honor of Khors were always accompanied by swimming in an ice hole and large round dances.
Stribog is the god of the wind in East Slavic mythology. The name Stribog goes back to the ancient root “strega”, which means “elder”, “paternal uncle”. They usually imagined him in the form of a gray-haired old man who lived at the end of the world, in a dense forest or on an island in the middle of the sea-ocean.
Stribog was born from the breath of Rod. He can summon and tame a storm and can turn into his assistant, the mythical bird Stratim. The wind has many grandchildren and sons, small breezes: Whistle, Podaga, Weather, South wind, West wind, Siverko (North wind), East wind, Midday, Midnight.
Dazhdbog is the god of the ancient Slavs, the patron saint of the summer sun and fertility. More ancient sources say that Dazhdbog was the father of Arius, the god who gave rise to the white Slavic race. Dazhbog closes winter and opens summer.
It is believed that Veles gave the world movement. Day began to give way to night; winter was inevitably followed by spring, summer and autumn. Veles, the god of fertility, wealth and family farming, was especially revered by the Slavs. All forest animals were in the service of Veles, and his personal guard consisted of the most ancient and powerful werewolves - wolfhounds.
Semargl is the Slavic god of primordial fire and fertility, a messenger god capable of uniting and multiplying the powers of all Svarozhichi. If Semargl appeared on the battlefield, then the power of the Yasuns (light gods) increased many times, and they were sure to win. The ancient Slavs believed that Semargl did not let evil into the world.
The god of fire and the moon, fire sacrifices, home and hearth, guards seeds and crops and can turn into a sacred winged dog. Many legends are associated with Semargl, telling how he repeatedly helped one or another god in the battle with the forces of darkness.
Makosh is the goddess of fertility and fate, the eldest of the goddesses, as well as the patroness of women's handicrafts on Earth; guards productivity, housekeeping and prosperity in the house. The threads of the lives of all living beings are concentrated in her hands.
Makosh, or, as she was sometimes called, the Great Weaver, holds in her hands the canvas of the world, on which she weaves intricate patterns from threads of life. Makosh can break any thread at any second or change the course of its movement, but she never does this.
Literature and sources Vlasova M. Russian superstitions. St. Petersburg: Azbuka - Classics Publishing House, 2001, 672 p. Putilov B.R. Ancient Rus' in faces: Gods, heroes, people. St. Petersburg: Azbuka Publishing House, 2000, 368 p. Background of the slide with the title http://pedsovet.su/load/396-2 Picture of the Elder at the Temple http://i.ytimg.com/vi/1Q0ZAG3FaSE/maxresdefault.jpg Picture of the Temple https://upload.wikimedia.org/ wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/ Temple. JPG/1024px- Temple. JPG Picture Perun http://web-kapiche.ru/159-perun.html Picture Horse http://web-kapiche.ru/365-hors.html Picture round dance http://godsbay.ru/slavs/images/slav081 .jpg Picture of Stribog http://godsbay.ru/slavs/stribog.html
Picture Stribog http://radogost.ru/stribog.html Picture Veles http://go.mail.ru/image_details?q=% D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81&urlhash= 8778213810329895881 Picture of Semargl http://go.mail.ru/image_details?q=% D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%BB&urlhash=4103161018609222726 Picture of a winged dog http://go.mail.ru/image_details?q=% D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%BB&urlhash=5326271922183055224 Picture Makosh http:// go.mail.ru/image_details?q=% D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%88%D1%8C&urlhash=4597335064771032614 Picture Makosh http://go.mail.ru/image_details? q=% D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%88%D1%8C&urlhash=3511760022744911596
Thank you for your attention!
Ancient Russian chronicles introduce us to the gods, whose cult was established by Prince Vladimir back in 980. These are Perun, Dazhdbog, Veles, Svarog, Rod, the goddess Makosh. In later chronicles, Lada and Lel were added. The mythology of the Eastern Slavs (which includes Russians, Ukrainians, and Belarusians) has been most fully preserved. We find the earliest mention of them in the Tale of Bygone Years (XII century). Ancient Russian chronicles introduce us to the gods, whose cult was established by Prince Vladimir back in 980. These are Perun, Dazhdbog, Veles, Svarog, Rod, the goddess Makosh. In later chronicles, Lada and Lel were added. The mythology of the Eastern Slavs (which includes Russians, Ukrainians, and Belarusians) has been most fully preserved. We find the earliest mention of them in the Tale of Bygone Years (XII century).
With the adoption of Christianity in Rus', paganism and its rituals were banned. However, the beliefs of our ancestors continue to live in customs, rituals, holidays, as well as in songs, fairy tales, omens, and conspiracies. The Slavs revered the gods of life and death, fertility and wildlife, heavenly bodies and fire, peace and war. With the adoption of Christianity in Rus', paganism and its rituals were banned. However, the beliefs of our ancestors continue to live in customs, rituals, holidays, as well as in songs, fairy tales, omens, and conspiracies. The Slavs revered the gods of life and death, fertility and wildlife, heavenly bodies and fire, peace and war. At the top of the ancient Slavic pantheon stood the ancestor gods: Rod and Svarog. Svarog created the Earth and populated it with life, and Rod laid the foundation for human existence on earth. The rest of the Slavic gods trace their ancestry to them and are called Rodich and Svarozhichi. At the top of the ancient Slavic pantheon stood the ancestor gods: Rod and Svarog. Svarog created the Earth and populated it with life, and Rod laid the foundation for human existence on earth. The rest of the Slavic gods trace their ancestry to them and are called Rodich and Svarozhichi.
God Veles is one of the greatest gods of the ancient world. His main act was that he set the world created by Svarog and Rod into motion and breathed life into it. Day began to change into night; winter was always followed by spring, summer and autumn; after exhalation there is inhalation, after sadness there is joy. People learned to overcome difficulties and value happiness. This Law of correctness and infinity of rotation of life was given to people by Veles.
Veles – “cattle god”, Master of the wild. Lord of the roads, patron of travelers. Ruler of the unknown, Black God. Posthumous judge and lifetime tester. A powerful wizard, lord of magicians. Patron of trade, mediator in contracts, interpreter of Laws. Giver of wealth. Patron of those who know and seek, teacher in the arts. God of luck.
Dazhdbog is the God of fertility and sunlight, the life-giving force of nature. The first ancestor of the Slavs. The lion was considered the sacred animal of Svarog, so they often depicted either the god himself with a lion's head, or riding a chariot drawn by lions. Dazhdbog is the God of fertility and sunlight, the life-giving force of nature. The first ancestor of the Slavs. The lion was considered the sacred animal of Svarog, so they often depicted either the god himself with a lion's head, or riding a chariot drawn by lions.
His name went down in history due to the fact that he gave people the third Law of Life. The first Law was given to people by God Rod. Its essence was that life is endless and omnipresent. Veles gave the second law of life to people. Its essence is for people to go from Darkness to Light, to follow the Sun. And the third Law of life was given to people by Kolyada. He brought people beyond the limits of momentary existence, outlining in detail how time moves and what to expect from it. Kolyada gave people the first calendar.
LEL Lel in Slavic mythology is the god of love passion. The word “cherish” still reminds us of Lela, the cheerful and carefree god of love - to love, undead, pamper. He is the son of the goddess of love and motherhood Lada. Cheerful as a mother, golden-haired, he was depicted as a winged baby (ancient Greek - Cupid, ancient Romans - Cupid).
YARILO Every year in April, the ancient Slavs began a holiday dedicated to the god Yaril, the god of the rebirth of the sun and spring. A red-haired rider on a white horse appeared in Slavic villages. He was dressed in a white robe, and his head was crowned with a wreath of spring wildflowers. This is Yarilo.
LADA Lada is the Slavic goddess of beauty and love. Mother of the god Lelya and the goddess Lelya. People should be able to love and get along with each other, which is why lovers in Rus' called each other Lado. Mother Love gave her blessing to people to call upon spring, love, peace and quiet in the family.
The Mother Goddess, goddess of fertility, is associated with all harvests and is worshiped 12–13 times a year (every full moon is celebrated). Goddess of magic and enchantment, wife of Veles, mistress of the crossroads of the universe between worlds. She was the protector and patroness of all housewives. She was revered as the Mistress of Wildlife.
MAKOSH Goddess Makosh is the goddess of all fate, the eldest of the goddesses, the spinner of fate, the patroness of women's handicrafts. She patronizes female fertility, thriftiness and prosperity in the home. Two other goddesses help her spin the thread of fate - Dolya and Nedolya.
BABA YAGA Baba Yaga is the oldest character in Slavic mythology. Originally it was a deity of death: a woman with a snake tail who escorted the souls of the dead to the underworld of the dead. It is not for nothing that Baba Yaga plays a vital role in all fairy tales: people resort to her as the last hope for help. Her image resembles a witch.
But still, Baba Yaga is a more dangerous creature, possessing greater power than a simple witch. Most often, she lives in a dense forest, which instills fear in people. It’s not for nothing that her hut is surrounded by a palisade of human bones and skulls. Baba Yaga feeds on human flesh and is called the “bone leg”. This old witch doesn't walk. She rides around on an iron mortar, which she pushes with a pestle, and covers her tracks with a broom.
VODYANY In Slavic mythology - an evil spirit, the embodiment of a dangerous and formidable water element. Most often he appeared in the guise of a man or an old man with the features of an animal: paws instead of hands, with a long green beard, a body entangled in mud. In his native element, water, the Vodyanoy is irresistible, but on earth his strength weakens.
Leshy Leshy is the spirit of the forest in Slavic mythology. Lives in every forest, especially loves spruce forests. Dressed like a man: red sash, caftan. The only thing is that the shoes on your feet are mixed up: the left shoe is on the right foot, and the right shoe is on the left. Leshy's eyes are green and burn like coals. In the forest, Leshy is the rightful owner; all animals and plants obey him unquestioningly.
VIY Viy, in East Slavic mythology, is a character whose deadly gaze was hidden behind long eyelids and eyelashes. The devils brought Viy to the offender and used a pitchfork to lift his eyelids (they were so heavy and dangerous). The one on whom Viy’s deadly gaze fell died on the spot.
KIKIMORA Kikimora is an evil spirit. Kikimora, as people believe, became a child cursed by his parents, a daughter ruined by his mother. Kikimora was usually represented as a small, crooked, wrinkled old woman, dirty dressed, unkempt. She is so small and light that she never leaves the house, fearing that she will be carried away by the wind.
MERMAID Mermaids are mythical creatures of the ancient Slavs. They became drowned girls. There were arboreal (forest) mermaids, and there were aquatic (river) mermaids. There were also Mavka mermaids - these were drowned children. They were very small and almost transparent. Outwardly, the mermaids from above were very similar to humans, but below, where people’s legs begin, the mermaids began with a long fish tail. Mermaids are mythical creatures of the ancient Slavs. They became drowned girls. There were arboreal (forest) mermaids, and there were aquatic (river) mermaids. There were also Mavka mermaids - these were drowned children. They were very small and almost transparent. Outwardly, the mermaids from above were very similar to humans, but below, where people’s legs begin, the mermaids began with a long fish tail.
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Slavic god – Yarilo
The god of the grain dying in the ground to be reborn as an ear was both beautiful and cruel.
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Yarilo, rage, spring, Yar (among the northerners in ancient times it meant “village”), because they used to live in huts with a fireplace; brightness - these words are united by the concept of increasing brightness, light. Indeed, after the arrival of spring there is a rapid increase in days and increased heat. Everything comes to life, grows, reaches for the sun. Nature is resurrected in the form of the beautiful Lada. Yarilo, melting the snow, lives Mother Earth with melt water. Yarilo - the sun in the form of a young, full of strength groom rides on a horse to his Lada. He is in a hurry to start a family and give birth to children (harvest, baby animals, birds, fish, etc.).
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By the summer solstice, Yarilo is gaining full strength. He lives in truth and love with the earth, giving birth to new lives in the summer. By June 22, Yarilo turns into Belbog, the day is the longest, nature is kind to him and loves him. Yarila's condition is the condition of all young guys. In the fourth month of the year (now April), the Russians began the most important agricultural work for the entire Slavic family.
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The root of his name – “yar” – is found in the words:
Spring wheat. Yarochka is a young sheep. Furious. Ardent – angry or ardent.
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Yaril as the god of death and resurrection
a young sheep was sacrificed, the blood of which was sprinkled on the arable land in order to make the harvest abundant.
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Slavic god Svarog
One of the main gods in the Slavic pantheon
Svarog is the god of fire.
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One of the main gods in the Slavic pantheon. “Svarga” in Sanskrit means sky, firmament, “var” means fire, heat. This is where all the Slavic derivatives come from - boil, boil, top, etc. Svarog was considered the god of Heaven, the mother of life (“Sva” is the ancestral mother of the Indo-Europeans). At a later time, Svarog changed his gender.
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According to Dietmar (died 1018), the pagan Slavs revered Svarog more than other gods; some recognized him as one being with Redigast and represented him as the director of wars. In the myths of the white peoples, God forges with a hammer - he creates the world, striking lightning and sparks, for all of them he has one relationship or another with fire.
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Among the Baltic Slavs, Svarozhich (otherwise called Radgost) was revered in the cult center of the Redarians Retre-Radgoste as one of the main gods, whose attributes were a horse and spears, as well as a huge boar, according to legend, emerging from the sea. Among the Czechs, Slovaks and Ukrainians, the fiery spirit Rarog can be associated with Svarog.
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Khors is the sun god. Horse, horost, brushwood, khrest, cross, armchair, spark, round dance, horo, kolo, wheel, bracelet, stake, carols, circle, blood, red - all these words are related to each other and denote concepts associated with fire, circle, in red. If we merge them into one, an image of the sun will appear before us, described allegorically.
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The Slavs celebrated the beginning of the new year on December 22 - the day of the winter solstice. It was believed that on this day a small, fierce sun was born in the form of a boy, Khors. The new sun completed the course of the old sun (old year) and opened the course of the next year. While the sun is still weak, night and cold prevail on the earth, inherited from the old year, but every day the Great Horse (as mentioned in “The Tale of Igor’s Host”) grows, and the sun grows stronger.
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Our ancestors celebrated the solstice with carols, wore a Kolovrat (eight-pointed star) - the sun - on a pole, put on the masks of totem animals, which were associated in the minds of people with the images of ancient gods: the bear - Veles, the cow - Makosh, the goat - the cheerful and at the same time evil hypostasis of Veles , the horse is the sun, the swan is Lada, the duck is Rozhanitsa (progenitor of the world), the rooster is a symbol of time, sunrise and sunset, and so on.
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On the mountain they burned a wheel tied with straw, as if helping the sun to shine, then sledding, skating, skiing, snowball fights, fist fights and wall-to-wall fights, songs, dances, competitions, and games began. People went to visit each other, everyone tried to better treat those who came, so that in the new year there would be abundance in the house.
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The harsh northern Rus' loved valiant fun. Forced to live and work in difficult conditions, our ancestors, until the twentieth century, were known as cheerful and hospitable people who knew how to relax. Horse is a male deity who embodies the desire of boys and adult husbands for knowledge, spiritual growth, self-improvement, to overcome difficulties encountered in life and find the right solutions.
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Dazhdbog, give, rain are words with the same root meaning “to share, to distribute.” Dazhdbog sent people not only rain, but also the sun, saturating the earth with light and warmth. Dazhdbog is the autumn sky with clouds, rain, thunderstorms, and sometimes hail. September 22 is the autumn equinox, the holiday of Rodion and Rozhanitsa, the day of Dazhdbog and Mokosh.
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The entire harvest has been harvested and the final harvests are underway in the orchards and orchards. All residents of a village or city go out into nature, light a fire, roll a burning wheel - the sun - up the mountain, dance in circles with songs, play pre-wedding and ritual games. Then they bring tables to the main street, put the best food on them and begin a general family feast. Neighbors and relatives try the food prepared by others, praise them, and all together glorify the Sun, the earth and Mother Rus'.
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Dazhdbozhy (solar) grandchildren - that’s what the Rusichi called themselves. Symbolic signs of the sun (solar rosettes, solstice) were present everywhere among our ancestors - on clothes, dishes, and in the decoration of houses. Every Russian man is obliged to create a large family - a family, feed, raise, educate children and become Dazhdbog. This is his duty, glory, really. Behind each of us there are countless ancestors - our roots, and each must give life to branches - descendants.
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Patron of livestock and wealth, the embodiment of gold, guardian of traders, cattle breeders, hunters and cultivators, master of magic and the hidden, ruler of crossroads, navy god. All lower spirits obeyed him. Buyan Island became the magical abode of Veles. Veles was mainly concerned with earthly affairs, because he was revered as the lord of forests, animals, the god of poetry and prosperity.
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Perun is the god of thunder and lightning, the patron saint of warriors. According to the Slavs, Perun appeared with his lightning on the warm days of spring, fertilized the earth with rain and brought out the clear sun from behind the scattered clouds. With his creative power nature awakened to life, and he seemed to be creating the World again. Hence Perun is a producer, a creator. At the same time, Perun is a formidable and punishing deity; his appearance excites fear and trembling. Perun was the supreme deity of Prince Vladimir's pantheon as the patron of the ruling military elite, prince and squad, punishing for non-compliance with the laws.
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Although Perun was related to the cold (he was born in the first month of winter), the Days of Perun - his time - began on June 20 and ended in early August. At this time, the Russians celebrated funeral feasts for the soldiers who had fallen in battle - they gathered on mounds and red mountains, held feasts, military fun, and measured their strength among themselves in running, throwing weapons, swimming, and horse racing. They killed a bull bought by chipping in, roasted and ate it, and drank mead and kvass. They initiated initiations of young guys who had to undergo serious tests into warriors and girdle themselves with the weapons of the Family.
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Our ancestors always had many external enemies, and constant wars were fought. The shield and sword were revered as a symbol of Perun, his gift to a man. Weapons were worshiped and idolized. But not only men went into mortal combat. Often, among the killed Russians on the battlefield, enemies were surprised to find women fighting shoulder to shoulder with their husbands. They were also patronized by the golden-moustached Perun.
