Presentation of the international day against fascism. Day of Remembrance for the Victims of Fascism, methodological development on the topic. Screening of a fragment from the film “The Ballad of a Soldier”

The purpose of the lesson: Using the example of genuine historical events of the Great Patriotic War, show students what fascism is, why it is necessary to fight it in our time, when it again raises its head.

Tasks:

1. Educational - to cultivate patriotic qualities in the younger generation using the example of the unity of all peoples in the fight against fascism during the Great Patriotic War

2.Educational– introduce students to the beginning of the emergence of fascism in Germany, analyze the consequences of fascism using the example of documentaries and historical facts,

3. Developmental– develop in students the ability to think independently, make the right decisions in any life situations, have their own point of view, be able to defend it, conduct independent research work in search of given material, develop non-standard creative thinking.

Lesson Plan

1. Performance of the song “Do the Russians want war”? E. Evtushenko Music. E. Kolmanovsky.
2. Introduction. A little from the history of the Russian state.
3. Performance of the song “Buchenwald Alarm” by V. Muradeli.
4. The history of the creation of the song “Buchenwald Alarm”.
5. Screening of a fragment from the documentary film “Ordinary Fascism”.
6. Creation of the monument to “Fighters of the Resistance to Fascism”
7. Screening of a fragment from the film “17 Moments of Spring”.
8. Appeal of the Soviet government to the people.
9. Performing a song to the melody of the song “Blue Handkerchief”.
10. Address to the people by Metropolitan Sergius, head of the Orthodox Church in Russia.
11. The story of the terrible tragedy of the Belarusian village of Khatyn.
12. Song “Enemies burned their home” M. Blanter M. Isakovsky.
13. Screening of a fragment from the film “The Ballad of a Soldier.”
14. Performance of the song “Muscovites” by A. Eshpay E. Vinokurov.
15. History of the creation of the first fascist organizations in Italy and Germany.
16. Countless victims of Hitler's fascism.
17. Result: “Peace to the planet, death to war.”
18. Demonstration of a computer presentation.

During the classes

Show computer presentation ( Annex 1 ).

SLIDES 1, 2.

Students singing the song “Do Russians Want War” E. Yevtushenko, E. Kolmanovsky.

Student 1.- People cannot live without remembering the lessons of their history.

Only on the basis of the experience passed by the people are today and tomorrow built... This saying once again confirms the well-known truth that “without the past there is no present, and there can be no future.”

SLIDES 3, 4.

Student 2.- Many trials befell ancient Rus' and its inhabitants. The names of the heroes of numerous battles and wars that Rus' and then Russia had to fight are carefully preserved in people's memory. The memory of them lives in the names of the streets, boulevards, avenues of our city and neighborhood. For example: General Belov Street, Marshal Zakharov Street, People's Militia Street, etc. The memory is alive in the songs written during the war about the heroes who defended their homeland. This is a song about 28 Panfilov heroes, a song about Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya, a song “Ballad of a Soldier”, a song about the defenders of Moscow, etc. Monuments have been erected to many of the heroes. Among the people living in Russia, there are no those who do not remember or know about the war. You can't forget this! And today, when fascism again tries to raise its head in its new, but close to the old guise, it is necessary to remember what this has already led to.

Students singing the song “Buchenwald Alarm” V. Muradeli.

SLIDE 5.

Student 3.- The song was written after the war in 1952. Composer Vano Ilyich Muradeli spoke on the phone to the poet Sobolev: “What poetry! I write music and cry. Such poems don’t even need music!”

Student 4.- The song got its name from the monument erected on the site where the Buchenwald death camp was located in Nazi Germany.

Screening of a fragment from the documentary film “Ordinary Fascism”.

Student 1.- The famous German sculptor Fritz Kremer worked for 7 years on the monument to fighters of resistance to fascism in Buchenwald. The sculptural composition was installed in 1958 in memory of the thousands of victims of fascism who were tortured in this Nazi “death factory”. He sought to embody in this majestic building the famous Buchenwald oath: “We swear to destroy fascism to the ground and build a world of freedom.” The composition depicts the living and dead prisoners of Buchenwald, where over 250,000 people from 36 states languished in the period 1937-1945. According to some estimates, 65,000 people were killed in the camp, died from starvation or overwork. And on April 10, 1945, about 21,000 people gained freedom, including 900 children. The Monument to the Victims of Buchenwald is considered the first and one of the significant monuments erected in Germany in memory of the people who died in the Nazi death camps. The main monument of the complex reminds of them, who laid down their lives and survived in Nazi captivity: a group of 11 bronze figures located around a tower with a bell, from where the famous “Buchenwald alarm” sounds.

Screening of a fragment from the film “Remember Your Name” (children in a fascist concentration camp)

Student 2.- The idea for the song arose from the composer Muradeli under the impression of visiting another death camp - Auschwitz. “What I saw shocked me,” said the composer. Hundreds of thousands of prisoners tortured here seemed to be calling out to the conscience of all humanity: “People, don’t forget this, don’t allow everything to happen again!”

Student 5.– Retribution awaited the enemy not only for the young soldiers killed in battle (and according to statistics, the guys born in the USSR in the period from 1922 to 1926 were completely destroyed by the war), but also for the prisoners of the Buchenwald concentration camps languishing in captivity, “ Auschwitz”, “Salaspils”, “Majdanek” and many others, where hundreds of thousands of anti-fascists languished in the most difficult conditions of hunger, beatings, and torture.

Screening of a fragment from the film “State Border”.

Student 3.– On June 22, 1941 at 12 o’clock the Soviet government addressed the people by radio. The appeal spoke about the attack of Nazi Germany on our country, ending with the words “The enemy will be defeated. Victory will be ours!"

Students perform a song based on the tune “Blue Handkerchief”.

June 22 at exactly 4 o'clock,
Kyiv was bombed, they told us
That the war has begun!
Peacetime is over
It's time for us to part,
I'm leaving and I promise
Be faithful to you forever!

Student 4.- And here are the words with which Metropolitan Sergius of Moscow and Kolomna, the head of the Orthodox Church in Russia, addressed the people on the same day: “Fascist robbers attacked our Motherland. Trampling all sorts of treaties and promises, they suddenly fell upon us, and now the blood of civilians is already irrigating our native land.

But this is not the first time that the Russian people have had to endure such tests. With God's help, this time too he will scatter the fascist enemy force into dust. Our ancestors did not lose heart even in worse situations, because they remembered not about personal dangers and benefits, but about the sacred duty to the Motherland and faith and emerged victorious.

Let us not disgrace their glorious name, and we, the Orthodox, are relatives to them in the flesh and in the faith. The Fatherland is defended by weapons and a common national feat, a common readiness to serve the Fatherland in difficult times of testing with everything that everyone can...

Let us remember the holy leaders of the Russian people, Alexander Nevsky, Dmitry Donskoy, who laid down their souls for the people and the Motherland. And it wasn’t only the leaders who did this. Let us remember the countless thousands of simple Orthodox warriors, whose unknown names the Russian people immortalized in their glorious legend about the heroes Ilya Muromets, Dobrynya Nikitich and Alyosha Popovich, who utterly defeated the Nightingale the Robber.”

Listening to the song “Khatyn” performed by the ensemble “Pesnyary”.

Student 2.– On the sunny morning of March 22, 1943, a large detachment of punitive forces surrounded the Belarusian village of Khatyn in a dense ring. All residents - men, women, old people, children - were kicked out of their houses by the punitive forces. And then, at gunpoint, everyone was herded into a large barn. Consumed by horror, people stood huddled closely together. What were the executioners up to? And suddenly a flame broke out. The Nazis set fire to the barn. People rushed to the wooden gates of the barn and began beating with their feet and shoulders, asking for help and mercy to be let out. The men piled on the doors, the gates swung open. Automatic fire from the punitive forces killed everyone who tried to escape from the fire.

Together:“THIS IS WHAT FASCISM IS! We can’t let this happen again!!!”

Showing a fragment from a film about Khatyn.

Student 1.“The Nazis plundered the houses and burned the entire village to the ground. Khatyn was wiped off the face of the earth. 149 people died in the fire, including 76 children. A narrow path leads to a large clearing. There was a village here. And now, in place of the burned huts, there are monolithic pillars resembling black chimneys. They have bronze bells. Their sad chime sounds like a reminder of the horrors of fascism. And a huge slab with the words carved: “Good people, remember, we loved life, And the Motherland, and you, dear ones. We burned alive in the fire. Our request to everyone: let grief and sadness turn into courage and strength, so that you can perpetuate peace and tranquility on earth, so that nowhere and never will it die in a whirlwind of fires!”

14. Song “Enemies burned their home” M. Blanter M. Isakovsky.

Student 2.

Enemies burned his home, killed his entire family,
Where should the soldier go now, to whom should he carry his sorrow?
The soldier went in deep grief to the crossroads of two roads.
He found a soldier in a wide field, a hillock overgrown with grass.
The soldier stands, and like lumps are stuck in his throat.
The soldier said: “Meet, Praskovya, your husband’s hero.
Prepare a treat for the guest, set a wide table in the hut,
I came to celebrate my day, my holiday of returning to you.”
No one answered the soldier, no one met him,
And only the warm summer wind shook the grave grass.

All together: “THIS IS WHAT FASCISM IS!”

Students perform the song “Muscovites” by A. Eshpai and E. Vinokurov.

Screening of a fragment from the film “The Ballad of a Soldier.”

Student 4.– The first fascist organizations appeared in the spring of 1919 in Italy in the form of paramilitary squads. In October 1922, the fascists, who had become a major political force, staged an armed “march on Rome”, which resulted in the appointment of October 31, 1922. The Prime Minister was the head of the fascists (“Duce”) B. Mussolini. Over the next 4 years, political freedoms were gradually eliminated, and the omnipotence of the fascist party elite was established.

Fascism appeared in Germany immediately after the end of the First World War. In its most concentrated form, fascism received a real embodiment in Nazi Germany, where racism, mass terror and aggression were justified in ideology, legalized in legislation and implemented in the criminal policy and practice of the state.

Student 5.– Having come to power at the beginning of 1933, when on January 30 the leader of the National Socialist Party Hitler was appointed head of the Imperial Government of Germany, the Nazis immediately began to establish comprehensive total control over the state, society and the individual.

The Nazis in Germany instilled the ideology of racism and exclusivity of the “Aryan” race, the extermination of racially “inferior” peoples, the conquest of “living space” and the establishment of world domination of the Third Reich.

The means to achieve these goals were mass terror, genocide, concentration camps, emergency and special courts, militarism and wars of aggression.

They indiscriminately classified Jews, regardless of their nationality, Poles, Ukrainians, Belarusians, Russians and representatives of the nationalities of Eastern peoples as “inferior”; the concentration camps created in Germany at the beginning of 1933, the first in Buchenwald and Dachau, were subsequently covered with a dense network of not only its territory, but also the occupied countries. By the end of the war, their number, together with their branches, amounted to about 10,000. The concentration camps were turned by the Nazis into special “institutions” designed for the organized, systematic murder of millions of people. Of the 18 million European citizens who passed through fascist concentration camps for various purposes, more than 11 million people were exterminated.

All together: “THIS IS WHAT FASCISM IS!”

Student 6.– In the occupied territories, along with human lives, the Nazis just as barbarically destroyed and destroyed historical and architectural monuments, plundered works of art, and sought to destroy the material culture of entire peoples.

Hitler's fascism, like a plague, threatened the very existence of humanity and its civilization. The Soviet Union suffered the greatest loss of life in World War II. The victims of the Great Patriotic War, which lasted 1418 days and nights, were 26 million 549 thousand people - soldiers and officers, civilians - killed, died of hunger, died of deprivation. 12 million people died from hunger and epidemics.

All together: “THIS IS WHAT FASCISM IS!”

Student 1.– The peoples of Russia made a decisive contribution to the defeat of fascism, in liberating humanity from fascist enslavement and genocide. Any manifestations of fascism in our country, regardless of the reasons that give rise to them, are completely unacceptable and must be stopped at the root.

Student 2.– The years of fascist invasions were terrible years of violence and terror. Humanity cannot, does not have the right to forget the atrocities of the Nazis, their monstrous crimes committed in the Soviet Union, Poland, France and other European countries.

Student 3.– Humanity cannot and does not have the right to forget death camps, bonfires of living people. That is why today we are once again turning to the lessons of the terrible years of fascism. We learn from mistakes, but we can repeat such serious mistakes that cost millions of human lives.

Student 4.– Turning to the history of the fight against fascism helps to understand who and what is the main driving force of fascism, under what circumstances and in what historical conditions the fascist movement arises, what is the essence and nature of fascist regimes, what forces oppose fascism and how it should be fought.

Student 1.– Any manifestations of fascism in our country, regardless of the reasons that give rise to them, are completely unacceptable and must be nipped in the bud, so that God forbid, a terrible tragedy does not happen again!

Speech by Mikhail Dmitrievich Chubarev, a veteran of the Great Patriotic War, member of the Orekhovo-Borisovo Northern Veterans Council, to the school students - “What fascism was preparing.” As a boy, Mikhail Dmitrievich, like all the children of the war era, ran to the front. He was returned. And only when he turned 17 years old did he go to the front, crediting himself with one year. He fought in the 2nd Guards Tatsin Tank Corps. During the war I learned to play the button accordion. He loves music very much.

Student 2.

What a terrible word war!
This is hunger, death and destruction,
It's hard for us today to understand
What is ocmukha bread?
We know about her from stories,
Many civilians died.
Enough! Enough victims on the planet,
We are a generation of peaceful children!
We will not allow war again
Stand up against fascism too!!!

(students of State Educational Institution Secondary School No. 939)

Performance of the "Russian Anthem".

Description of the presentation by individual slides:

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The Day of Remembrance for the Victims of Fascism is a day of remembrance for tens of millions of people who perished as a result of a gigantic, inhuman experiment. These are millions of soldiers whom the fascist leaders pitted against each other, but even more - civilians who died under bombs, from disease and from hunger.

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Only thanks to the strength and courage of the Russian soldiers who defended our Motherland in the 40s of the 20th century, many of us received the right to live in a free country. Thanks to the deaths of many fathers, sons and husbands in Russia today, everyone has the right to a dignified and free life. This holiday was established in honor of those who, without thinking about their death, stood up to protect children and women, did not allow the enemy into our lands and stopped fascist lawlessness.

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Fascism is a phenomenon whose harmful effects have been felt by many countries. And none of them benefited from fascist actions. Fascism is the most terrible ideology, because according to its laws, a person is obliged to die only because the wrong blood flows in his veins. Nazism, turning into fascism, became a real hell for many people from different countries of the world.

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The history of the International Day of Remembrance for the Victims of Fascism The Day of Remembrance for the Victims of Fascism is an international date that is celebrated annually on the second Sunday of September and is dedicated to the tens of millions of victims of fascism. This day was determined in 1962. The choice came in September, since this month contains two dates associated with the Second World War - the day it began (September 1, 1939) and its end (September 2, 1945). This became one of the determining factors in establishing the day of mourning on the second Sunday in September.

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Hitler was appointed head of the German government on January 30, 1933. He began to pursue his policies, an important part of which was anti-Semitism. Anti-Semitism is a negative attitude towards Jews, hostility and prejudice towards them, which are based on religious or ethnic prejudices, and is a type of xenophobia. On August 2, 1934, the President of Germany, Hindenburg, died. After this, the presidency in the country was abolished. Hitler received the powers of head of state as "Führer and Reich Chancellor". This gave him the opportunity to begin seizing the territories of other states and unleash one of the greatest wars in human history. Hitler began mass persecution of Jews and Gypsies. They were deprived of their civil rights, and later, during World War II, their physical extermination began. In history, this phenomenon was called the “Holocaust.” Hitler intended to completely exterminate the Jewish nation. As a result, 60% of European Jews and about a third of the Jewish population of the entire world were exterminated. In addition, about a third of the Roma people were also destroyed. Followers of some religious sects, black people from Africa living in Germany, mentally ill people and disabled people were also subjected to total extermination.

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Concentration camps of the Third Reich The first concentration camps were forced labor camps and were located in the Third Reich itself. Their creation began immediately after the Nazis came to power in 1933 with the aim of isolating persons suspected of opposition to the Nazi regime. According to the decree of the Reich President of February 28, 1933 “On the protection of the people and the state,” persons suspected of hostility to the regime could be subject to so-called protective arrest for an indefinite period. The first prisoners of the concentration camps were members of the KPD and SPD. In July 1933, the number of “preventatively” arrested reached 26,789, but then many were released and at the end of 1937 the number of prisoners in concentration camps decreased to 8 thousand. After this, criminals and the so-called asocial element - vagrants, began to be sent to concentration camps. drunkards, etc. Around the same time, German Jews for the first time began to be imprisoned in concentration camps solely because of their nationality.

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Concentration camps of the Third Reich The early concentration camps did not yet have a unified structure and differed both in terms of management and in terms of security. From May 1934, small concentration camps were gradually closed, and prisoners were transferred to large concentration camps. Since 1934, the concentration camps were in charge of the Concentration Camp Inspectorate, which in 1942 became part of the SS Main Administrative and Economic Directorate. In 1934-39, the Inspector of Concentration Camps was Theodor Eicke, who had previously been the commandant of the Dachau camp, one of the first concentration camps. In October 1933, Eicke introduced the “camp routine,” which, with minor deviations, was introduced in almost all the camps that existed at that time and remained until 1939. The concentration camps were guarded by “Death’s Head” detachments. Entrance to the Oranienburg concentration camp, 1933

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With the outbreak of the war, the camp system was expanded. Liberations from concentration camps were cancelled. At the same time, the composition of the prisoners also changed: in addition to the increased number of political prisoners from the Third Reich, prisoners from the occupied regions were in large numbers in the camps, including Soviet prisoners of war and people arrested under the order of “Night and Fog” (7,000 suspected of participating in the Resistance movement during France, Belgium and the Netherlands, who were taken to Germany and sentenced there). During World War II, members of the resistance movement from other occupied countries were also held in the camps.

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Jewish ghetto in Warsaw. The Warsaw Ghetto is a Jewish ghetto in Warsaw created by the Nazis during the occupation of Poland. During the existence of the ghetto, its population decreased from 450 thousand to 37 thousand people.

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The atrocities of the Nazis. Gatchina January 1944 Soviet citizens executed by the Nazis.

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Soviet prisoner of war camp. 1942 The number of prisoners of war captured has long been the subject of debate, both in Russian (Soviet) and German historiography. The German command in official data indicates a figure of 5 million 270 thousand people. According to the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, the loss of prisoners amounted to 4 million 559 thousand people

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A characteristic feature of the policy of genocide and “scorched earth” was the destruction of populated areas along with their inhabitants. During the years of occupation (1941-1944), the Nazis carried out more than 140 major punitive operations in Belarus. Thousands of villages were wiped off the face of the earth, the population was exterminated, driven into death camps or into fascist slavery. Punitive operations were carried out by Wehrmacht security services, SS and police units. The SS battalion, led by a former criminal, SS man Dirlewanger, was particularly cruel. Burnt cities and villages in Belarus.

What is fascism?
(Classroom scenario for schoolchildren aged 10 - 13 years
with electronic presentation.)

Slides 1 – 3.
U: - Look at these faces. Do you know who this is? These are skinheads. Have you heard of them? Bad or good? How many of you would like to become a skinhead? Why?

Slide 4.
U: - And these are the fascists, those from whom the skinheads take their example. They have the same gestures, the same signs and symbols, and the worst thing is that skinheads and fascists have the same beliefs.

Slide 5.
Fascism is an ideology by which one person wants to put his foot on another person's neck and make that other person a slave. Fascists especially strive to destroy those who are different from others, for example, people of a different nationality.
“You have no heart, no nerves. They are not needed in war. Destroy pity and sympathy in yourself by killing every Russian and Soviet. Don't stop if there's an old man or a woman, a girl or a boy in front of you! Kill! By doing this you will save yourself from death, secure the future of your family and become famous for centuries.” — Every German soldier had such a memo.

Slides 6 – 10.
U: - Now look at these faces. These are victims of the fascists. In 1939, World War II began. Over 6 years, over 62 million people died at the hands of the Nazis. Thousands of cities and villages were turned into ruins.
Here are some examples of how the fascists tried to turn humanity into slaves.

Slide 11.
The story about Khatyn is told by two students.

1 lesson Khatyn is one of the Belarusian villages. There were thousands of them before the war. The inhabitants of Khatyn were peaceful, kind people. They grew bread, raised children and never wished harm on anyone.

2 lessons But on March 22, 1943, the 118th Security Police Battalion entered the village and surrounded it. The entire population of Khatyn - adults, old people, women, children - were herded by punitive forces into a collective farm barn. Those who tried to escape were killed on the spot. Among the village residents there were many large families - for example, in the family of Joseph and Anna Baranovsky there were nine children, in the family of Alexander and Alexandra Novitsky there were seven.

1 lesson When all the people were gathered in the barn, the punishers locked the doors, lined the barn with straw, doused it with gasoline and set it on fire. The wooden barn quickly caught fire. Under the pressure of dozens of human bodies, the doors could not stand it and collapsed. In burning clothes, gripped by horror, gasping for breath, people rushed to run, but those who escaped from the flames were shot from machine guns. 149 village residents burned in the fire, including 75 children under 16 years of age. The village itself was completely destroyed.
2 lessons Of the adult residents of the village, only 56-year-old village blacksmith Joseph Kaminsky survived. Burnt and wounded, he regained consciousness only late at night, when the punitive squads left the village. He had to endure another severe blow: among the corpses of his fellow villagers, he found his son. The boy was fatally wounded in the stomach and received severe burns. He died in his father's arms. Joseph Kaminsky and his son served as prototypes for the famous monument in the memorial complex.
Slide 12.
U: Khatyn is not alone. On Belarusian soil, the Nazis burned 186 villages along with their inhabitants. The site now houses the only village cemetery in the world.
Student 1. Here is the inscription on one of the memorial plaques:

Slide 19.
Student 3. Other disasters also came. At the end of November frosts hit. The mercury in the thermometer approached minus 40 degrees. Water supply and sewer pipes froze, residents were left without water - now it could only be taken from the Neva.
Soon the fuel ran out. Power plants stopped working, lights went out in houses, and the interior walls of apartments were covered with frost. Leningraders began installing temporary iron stoves in their rooms. They burned tables, chairs, wardrobes, bookcases, sofas, parquet floor tiles, and then books. But such fuel did not last long. By December 1941, the city was trapped in ice. The streets and squares were covered with snow, covering the first floors of houses.
Don't make noise around him - he's breathing
He is still alive, he hears everything...
As if from the depths of it there were cries: “Bread!” -
They reach the seventh heaven...
But this firmament is merciless.
And looking out of all the windows is death.

Student 4. This hell lasted 900 days and nights. Leningrad survived. The Nazis never entered the city as planned. But at what cost did this victory come! By the end of the blockade, only 560 thousand inhabitants remained in the multi-million city.

U: — The most unthinkable and terrible of the atrocities of fascism is the death camps. 09/01/1939 Germany attacked the territory of Poland - this day is considered the day the Second World War began. Many death camps were created in the occupied territories of Poland, the USSR, the Netherlands and other European countries. In total, 18 million people passed through the concentration camps, of which about 12 million people died.

Slides 21 – 27.
(The students talk about the death camps, the screen changes frames. After the story, 1 verse of the song “Buchenwald Alarm” sounds)

5 lessons In such camps, prisoners were kept in inhumane conditions, forced to work 18 hours a day, the exhausted and sick were burned alive in crematorium ovens, strangled in gas chambers, and shot. Even children were not spared. All their blood was taken away to treat Nazis wounded in battle. Experiments were performed on people, after which it was impossible to survive. Hundreds of prisoners were inoculated with infectious diseases, others served as experiments to see how much the human body could withstand the cold.

Here are the 5 main death camps.

6 units 1. AUSCHEWITZ, a city in southern Poland. Over 4 million people were exterminated in Auschwitz. In Auschwitz, for 12 thousand prisoners there was only one washbasin with water undrinkable. When it snowed, the prisoners melted it for drinking: in the spring they washed themselves and drank from the puddles. Over the entire history of Auschwitz, about 700 escape attempts were made, 300 of which were successful, but if someone escaped, then all his relatives were arrested and sent to the camp , and all the prisoners from his block were killed. 27.1.1945 liberated by the Soviet Army. A museum has been created on the territory of the former concentration camp.

5 school 2.BUCHENWALD, Nazi concentration camp. In Buchenwald, 56 thousand prisoners were killed. In 1958, a memorial complex was opened in Buchenwald.

6 units 3.DACHAU, the 1st concentration camp in Nazi Germany, created in 1933 on the outskirts of Dachau (near Munich). There were 250 thousand prisoners; about 70 thousand people were tortured or killed. In 1960, a monument to the victims was opened in Dachau.

5 school 4.MAJDANEK, Nazi concentration camp near Lublin (Poland) in 1941-44; about 1.5 million people were exterminated.

6 school 5. TREBLINKA, Nazi concentration camps near Treblinka station in the Warsaw Voivodeship of Poland. About 10 thousand people died in Treblinka, about 800 thousand people (mostly Jews) in Treblinka II. In August 1943, in Treblinka II, the fascists suppressed a prisoner uprising, after which the camp was liquidated. In Treblinka there is a symbolic cemetery (1964), with a monument in the center.

U: — Here is a portrait of the Polish teacher and writer Janusz Korczak, and in another picture there is a monument depicting Janusz Korczak surrounded by children. He was an excellent teacher and headed the Orphanage in Warsaw. The children loved their teacher no less than he loved them. Most of the orphans were Jews, the nation most hated by the Nazis.
When, in August 1942, the order came to liquidate the Orphanage, Korczak went with his assistant and friend Stefania Wilczynska and 200 children to the station, from where they were sent in freight cars to the Treblinka concentration camp. He refused the freedom offered at the last minute and chose to stay with the children, accepting death with them in the gas chamber.

I propose to honor the memory of everyone who died at the hands of the Nazis with a minute of silence.

U: — 65 years have passed since the Victory, but fascism is raising its head again. Thousands of young people join skinheads and beat up people of other nationalities. What do you say?

Slide 30. Let's say NO to fascism!

Class hour.

Subject: " Day of Remembrance for Victims of Fascism"

Goals: give an overview of the behavior of the fascists in the occupied territories;form an active life position; cultivate an irreconcilable attitude towards fascism and neo-fascism; contribute to the formation of pride in the people who managed to survive and win during the Great Patriotic War; develop students' creative abilities.

Equipment : laptop, projector, screen, presentation “We are against fascism”, colored pencils, album sheets for creating illustrations and drawings.

Basic Concepts : fascism, concentration camps, prisoners, genocide.

During the classes.

I . Organizational moment slide 1

II . Self-determination for activity.

Guys, listen to an excerpt from the poem and try to determine what event it talks about.

POEM.

One took tens of millions of lives with himpmode;

The meat grinder ground all the bones into weightless smoke.

Jews, Russians, Tatars, French, Germans, English...:

Everything got mixed up. For everyone there was one scourge called “fascism”

Even if fifty years are behind us, even if there are no documents,

But the eternal memory lives on, and the pain in the heart does not give

Forget the bloody genocide. And the Holocaust is noisy in my temples,

Praying to the living that such a disaster will not happen again.

(Great Patriotic War 1941-1945)

Right. New pages will appear in our “Calendar of Memorable Dates” today, which we will create ourselves, and they will be dedicated to the Day of Remembrance of the Victims of Fascism slide 1 (by clicking)

III . Work on the topic of the lesson.

1. Definition of concepts: fascism, victims.

Guys, which of you can say what fascism is? (Student statements)

Listen to the definition of this concept, compare it with your assumptions.Slide 2

Fascism is an ideology by which one person wants to put his foot on another person's neck and make that other person a slave. Fascists especially strive to destroy those who are different from others, for example, people of a different nationality. “You have no heart, no nerves.” They are not needed in war. Destroy pity and sympathy in yourself by killing every Russian and Soviet. Don't stop if there's an old man or a woman, a girl or a boy in front of you! Kill! With this you will save yourself from death, ensure the future of your family and every German soldier

Over 62 million people died at the hands of the Nazis. Thousands of cities and villages were turned into ruins. Here are some examples of how the fascists tried to turn humanity into slaves.

Who can be called a victim of fascism? (those who suffered from fascism)

2. Concentration camp prisoners slides 3- 7

Khatyn is one of the Belarusian villages. There were thousands of them before the war. The inhabitants of Khatyn were peaceful and kindpeople. They grew bread, raised children and never wished harm on anyone. But on March 22, 1943, the 118th Security Police Battalion entered the village and surrounded it. The entire population of Khatyn, adults, old people, women, and children, were herded by punitive forces into a collective farm barn. Those who tried to escape were killed on the spot. Among the village residents there were many large families - for example, in the family of Joseph and Anna Baranovsky there were nine children, in the family of Alexander and Alexandra Novitsky there were seven.

When all the people were gatheredVbarn, the punishers locked the doors, lined the barn with straw, doused it with gasoline and set it on fire. Wooden shedfastcaught fire. Under the pressure of dozens of human bodies, the doors could not stand it and collapsed. In burning clothes, gripped by horror, gasping for breath, people rushed to run, but... Those who escaped from the flames were shot from machine guns. 149 village residents burned in the fire, including 75 children under 16 years of age. The village itself was destroyedfully.Of the adult villagerssurvivedonly 56-year-old village blacksmith Joseph

Kaminsky. Burnt and wounded, he regained consciousness only late at night, when the punitive squads left the village. He had to endure another severe blow; among the corpses of his fellow villagers he foundhisson. The boy was mortally woundedVstomach, received severe burns. He died in his father's arms. Joseph Kaminsky and his son served as prototypes for the famous monument in the memorial complex.

Khatyn is not alone. On Belarusian soil, the Nazis burned 186 villages along with their inhabitants. Now in this place there is only oneVthe world's village cemetery.

But the most unthinkable and terrible of the atrocities of fascism are the death camps.Total through concentration18 million people passed through the camps, of whom about 12 million died. Human.

In such camps, prisoners were kept in inhumane conditions; forced to work 18 hours a day, exhaustedAndpatients were burned alive in crematorium ovens, strangled in gas chambers, and shot. Even children were not spared. Their blood was taken to treat Nazis wounded in battle. Experiments were carried out on people, after which it was impossible to survive. Hundreds of prisoners were inoculated with contagious diseases, others served as experiments to see how much the human body could withstand the cold.

Auschwitz, a city in southern Poland. Over 4 million people were exterminated in Auschwitz. In Auschwitz, for 12 thousand prisoners there was only one washbasin with water undrinkable. When it snowed, the prisoners melted it for drinking, washed themselves and drank from the puddles. Over the entire history of Auschwitz, there were about 700 escape attempts, 300 of which were successful, but if someone escaped, then all his relatives were arrestedAndsent to the camp, and everyone : prisoners from his block were killed. 01/27/1945 liberated by the Soviet Army. A museum has now been created on the territory.

BUCHENWALD, Nazi concentration camp. There were 56 thousand prisoners in Buchenwald. In 1958, a memorial complex was opened in Buchenwald

DACHAU, the 1st concentration camp in Nazi Germany, created in 1933 on the outskirts of Dachau (near Munich). 250 thousand people were prisoners, about 70 thousand people were tortured or killed. IN 1960 A monument to the victims was unveiled in Dachau.

MAJDANEK, a Nazi concentration camp near Lublin (Poland) in 1941. 1944 about 1.5 million people were exterminated.

Treblinka, Nazi concentration camps near Treblinka station in the Warsaw Voivodeship of Poland. About 10 thousand people died in Treblinka, in TreblinkaIIabout 800 thousand people (mostly Jews). In August 1943 in TreblinkaIIThe fascists suppressed a prisoner uprising, after which the camp was liquidated. In Treblinka there is a symbolic cemetery in the center of the monument.

3. Day of Remembrance for the Victims of Fascism.

Memorial Day for the Victimsfascismwas was determined precisely in September 1962, since this month included tworelateddates from the Second World War - the day of its beginning and its complete completion.

Day of Remembrance for the Victims of Fascism is a Day of Remembrance for tens of millions of people,perished inthe result of a gigantic, inhuman experiment. These are millions of soldiers whom the fascist leaders pitted against each other, but even more - civilians who died under bombs, from disease and from hunger.

There is no country that would benefit from the rule of the Nazis, there is no nation that would be enriched materially or spiritually as a result of their rule. The most terrible ideology is the one that makes a person guilty from birth only for the blood that flows in his veins. The ideology of Nazism brought destruction to both those who nurtured it; and those who opposed her. More than half a year ago, the huge Nazi machine was stopped and destroyed.

I propose to honor the memory of everyone who died at the hands of the Nazis with a minute of silence.

IV . Practical part.

And now I suggest you move on to the creative part of our lesson - designing calendar sheets. Today the theme of our work is “We are against fascism”

(creative work is carried out in groups. Each group creates its own drawings on a given topic)

V . Reflection.

Memory... What bloody fascism brought with it should never be erased from it. Never!

We paid a huge terrible price for that war, we went through absolute hell.

What feelings did you experience throughout the lesson?

What dates will forever remain in the memory of millions of people living today and those who will come after us?

Guys, let's not forget about those sad events that took place in the history of our country. Let us be proud of our homeland, the power and greatness of our country - our Russia.

Municipal educational budgetary institution

Gymnasium No. 2 of Novokubansk

municipal formation Novokubansky district

Development

class hour

"WE ARE AGAINST FASCISM"

3rd grade

Developed and carried out

classroom teacher

Yu. A. Smolina

2016

On the night of November 9–10, 1938, mass pogroms took place against the Jewish population in Germany and part of Austrian territory. The paramilitary detachments of the Sturmabteilung (SA), together, as they would say today, with activists took to the streets of cities with the aim of causing material and moral damage to the nation, the “final solution of the question” of which Adolf Hitler dreamed of.

The streets at night were literally strewn with shards of glass - from broken windows of shops, shops, houses that belonged to German and Austrian Jews. Dozens of synagogues, cafes and other public places were attacked. It was the shards of glass on the sidewalks and roadways that gave the name to those events: “Crystal (glass) night” - the night that marked the beginning of active actions on the so-called “racial policy of the Third Reich.”

The declarative reason for the pogroms was the murder of the German diplomat Ernst vom Rath in Paris by a Polish Jew named Herschel Grynszpan. Without a doubt, this was only a pretext for translating into reality the brutal policy towards the “inferior races” that was adhered to by representatives of the Nazi elite, and on which the idea of ​​racial and ethnic hatred was actually built.

Today, in memory of those events, the world celebrates a date called the International Day against Fascism, Racism and Anti-Semitism. The annual date (November 9) was set at the initiative of UNITED, an international network against racism that unites hundreds of organizations in dozens of countries around the world.

On May 9, 1945, Nazism was defeated in Germany. Millions of lives of Soviet people were laid on the altar of Victory over this evil spirits. It seemed that after the victorious May fireworks, the very concepts of “Nazism”, “fascism”, “racism” remained in the past as one of the darkest pages of humanity. However, 78 years have passed since Kristallnacht, 71 years have passed since the Great Victory, but interethnic, interracial and interethnic hatred, unfortunately, not only has not disappeared anywhere, but is also gaining momentum with a certain patronage.

Waves of interethnic hatred began to roll over our country at one time. The seed of ethnic intolerance brought from outside began to germinate on the soil on which the building of a unified state was already shaking. By the time of the collapse of the Soviet Union, the Nazi remnants openly identified themselves, who, as it turned out, felt quite at ease for decades, including on Soviet territory - in the west of Ukraine, in the Baltic republics. Nazi ideology began to penetrate the territories of the republics, which, as individual political figures loudly and joyfully proclaimed at the time, turned out to be independent. Russians fled from the countries of Central Asia, abandoning their shelter, work, and property. Over the course of just a few months in 1991-1992, the Russian population of Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, and Turkmenistan decreased significantly, as the new government “clearly” outlined its position on ethnic intolerance.

The seeds of nationalism, bordering on externally imposed religious intolerance, began to identify themselves in the North Caucasus. Without a strong central government, the local leaders imagined themselves as “envoys of the Almighty” and began to use the resource to actually squeeze out the Russian population, with whom for decades the Chechens, Ingush, Avars, Lezgins, Circassians, and other peoples lived together and created together for the benefit of a single country.

The destructive ideology of interracial, interfaith and interethnic intolerance is manifesting itself in the Middle East. You can constantly hear how Western political scientists, repeating the mantra “Assad must go,” are trying to exploit the false argument that in a country of the Alawite minority, an Alawite cannot be the head of state. This sounds even more surprising from the lips of American “experts” and from the pages of the American media - considering that the President of the United States is still a representative of the black population, which today has not yet managed to become the racial majority in the States.

By the way, about racial intolerance in a country that calls itself a “beacon of democracy” and “an exceptional state in the world.” The exclusivity is truly evident here. It consists at least in the fact that in a rare country in the world today you can actually find a ghetto for representatives of national minorities. In the USA it is possible. In particular, we are talking about reservations for the Native American population. When the liberal press writes that about 4.5 million Indians live in the United States and “everything is fine”, including social preferences, I would like to ask the authors of these “opuses” whether they have managed to get acquainted with the statistics and reality of life on reservations .

Something about the statistics of the American Indian population. Native Americans have the highest mortality rate in the United States. In a number of reservations, the percentage of infant mortality is at the level of countries in central Africa. American Indians have the lowest literacy rate in the United States, since despite all the declared openness of the educational system of the United States for these peoples, Indians, to put it mildly, are not welcome outside the reservations. In fact, any political activist from among the indigenous population automatically falls under the radar of special services as a “potential separatist.” Therefore, against the backdrop of thousands of supposedly human rights organizations, the number of structures trying to identify the problems of Indians in the United States can be counted on one hand.

The uniqueness and exclusivity of the United States can also be stated in the fact that it was this country that gave refuge to the largest number of Nazi criminals who moved to the New World from Germany. This is an important characteristic of a state that positions itself as a winner in World War II. And here is another detail - the United States, along with Canada and Ukraine, became three countries from the entire UN membership that some time ago once again refused to support a resolution condemning manifestations of Nazism and racism in the modern world.

On the International Day against Fascism, Racism and Anti-Semitism, I would like to express the hope that this date on the calendar is not a “pass-through” date. After all, this is a real reason to think about what results in the attempts of some to convince themselves and others that they have more rights in this world than representatives of other nationalities, races and religions.