How to spell terrorism in English. Terrorism. Terrorism: Vocabulary in English. Types of terrorism. Types of Terrorism

Terrorism Essay, Research Paper

Why do people resort to such violent acts as bombing, assassinations, and hi-jacking? How do individuals and organizations justify these acts of terror? These acts can be described as terrorist actions. Terrorism is a growing international problem and an excellent example of the strain theory. People feel strain when they are exposed to cultural goals that they are unable to obtain because they do not have access to culturally approved means of achieving those goals (Kendall, 1998) and so turn to acts of terrorism. During the last twenty years, new terrorist groups have sprung up al lover the world. Governments have had little success in their attempts to resolve issues in which terrorism is used.

A major problem in discussing terrorism is establishing a generally accepted definition. Terrorism can be described as the unlawful use of fear or force to achieve certain political, economical, or social aims. Because it is so hard to define, organizations like the United Nations have had great difficulty drawing up policies against terrorism.

A single individual, a certain group, or even governments may commit terrorist actions. Most terrorists, unlike criminals, claim to be dedicated to higher causes, and do not believe in personal gain. The methods used in terrorism include threats, bombings, and the destruction of property, kidnapping, the taking of hostages, executions, and assassinations.

There are many reasons why political groups attempt to bring about radical change through terrorism. People are often frustrated with their position in society. They may in some way feel persecuted or oppressed because or their race, religion, or they feel exploited by a government. Any group that uses terrorist actions have very complex and powerful reasons to engage in those activities.

The use of terror to achieve goals is not a new idea in history. One early terrorist group, the assassins, flourished in the 12th and 13th centuries. The assassins used murder to dispose of their enemies, and their name has come to be used for one who kills for political or religious reasons. Government terrorism dates at least from immediately after the French Revolution, in 1789. During this period, known as the “Reign of Terror,” the French Revolutionary executed thousands of its citizens who were considered enemies of its rule.

Individuals or groups who seek national independence have committed acts of terrorism. One such act was the assassination of the archduke of France in 1914 (Compton's Encyclopedia, 1998). The assassination had sought to win Bosnia form Austrian rule, but failed and led to the outbreak of World War I.

Kings and government officials are often the targets of terrorism. Members of a terrorist group that wanted to overthrow the government assassinated Czar Alexander of Russia in 1881. Other famous people who were assassinated because of their beliefs were Martin Luther King Jr., and Pope John Paul II, who was shot, but survived.

While many groups have engaged in terrorism throughout history, the Anarchist political groups in the 19th century are most remembered. These groups were especially strong in Italy, France, Spain, and the United Sates, but their roots lie within the Russian peoples will movement. Anarchists believe that by nature people are good, and that in the right circumstances people can leave in peace. They oppose all centralized state and think it is an oppressive force that prevents people from cooperating with one another.

Modern Terrorism retains some elements of terrorism in the past. At the same time it differs because it has a wider extent in many of its methods. Today, terrorism poses a threat to innocent people, and is a serious threat to democratic forms of government.

One of the characteristics of modern terrorists is their practice of taking hostages in order to force their demands upon a particular government. If demands are not met, the hostages face the threat of death. Hi-jacking commercial airlines and holding their passengers and crews hostage has become a favored method among terrorist today.

Many people believe that terrorism became global to its extent in the late 1960s. In 1970 over 300 acts of terrorism were recorded worldwide. By 1979the number of terrorist incidents for one year increased to 3,700.

Politically unstable countries offer frequent opportunities for terrorism. Lebanon, which has been torn by years of Civil War, has been the sight of numerous terrorist attacks.

In addition to terrorist groups, governments today also engage in terrorism. Countries sometimes use terrorism as a substitute for traditional warfare by providing money, training, and weapons to terrorist groups whose activities serve their national aims. Governments may also plan and carry out terrorist actions themselves, although they usually deny responsibility for them.

It is unlikely that we will ever see and end to terrorism. Terrorists are not born, but created by issues of today develop into the conflicts of tomorrow.

After President Carter agreed to admit the Shah of Iran into the US, Iranian radicals seized the US Embassy in Teheran and took 66 American diplomats hostage. Thirteen hostages were soon released, but the remaining 53 were held until their release on January 20, 1981.

A Trans-World Airlines flight was hijacked en route to Rome from Athens by two Lebanese Hezbollah terrorists and forced to fly to Beirut. The eight crew members and 145 passengers were held hostage for seventeen days, during which one American hostage, a US navy sailor, was murdered. The aircraft was returned to Beirut after Israel released 435 Lebanese and Palestinian hostages.

Twelve people were killed, and 5,700 were injured in a Sarin nerve gas attack on a crowded subway station in the center of Tokyo, Japan. A similar attack occurred nearly simultaneously in the Yokohama subway system. The Aum Shinri-kyu cult was blamed for the attacks.

A bomb exploded aboard a Paris subway train as it arrived at the Port Royal station, killing two French nationals, a Moroccan, and a Canadian, and injuring 86 people. Among those injured were one US citizen and a Canadian. no one claimed responsibility for the attack, but Algerian extremists are suspected.

Twelve people were injured Sunday in a suicide bombing at the entrance to a Shia mosque in the Pakistani city of Sargodha, police said. The suicide bomber blew himself up when he was stopped by security personnel at the entrance. The blast took place minutes before evening prayers began.

Despite some setbacks, al Qaeda's core leadership in Pakistan remains the biggest threat to the United States, and the group continues to expand and strengthen worldwide, according to a new State Department report. Last year, al Qaeda's "core in Pakistan remained the most formidable terrorist organization targeting the U.S. homeland," says the report, "Country Reports on Terrorism."

Al-Shabaab, the Somali militant group that claimed responsibility for Sunday's deadly attacks in Uganda, is promising to " unleash a new tide of terror,"but Uganda"s leader has vowed to "deal with the authors of this crime and fight back." "This is only the beginning," Al-Shabaab warned Thursday in a statement on the internet.

Islamic militants with ties to al Qaeda claimed responsibility Thursday for this week"s suicide attack on a television station in Iraq that killed at least six people and wounded 20 others. The Islamic State of Iraq praised the attack as "a blessed operation and one of a series of the blessed prisoner conquests in order to defeat the Safavid (Shiite) project and their stooges in Baghdad," in a statement posted to a terrorist website.

A terrorist attack apparently at two Jewish centers in Chicago was thwarted when two packages the size of bread boxes containing explosives were intercepted in Europe and the Middle East, counterterrorism officials announced Friday.

The Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) rebels kidnapped a US citizen in Sabaneta. FARC members also killed three people, wounded fourteen, and kidnapped at least 27 others at a roadblock near Bogota. Four US citizens and one Italian were among those kidnapped, as well as the acting president of the National Electoral Council (CNE) and his wife.

2. Read the text of the resolution in Russian and English and find equivalents for the following phrases.

Under the auspices of the UN; in conformity with the relevant provisions of national and international law; encourage universal participation in and implementation of existing international anti-terrorism conventions; the speedy adoption of the pending conventions; bring to justice the perpetrators of terrorist acts; to grant refugee status; measures to eliminate international terrorism; to deny terrorists safe haven; in order to counter the threat of terrorism; to consider smth as a matter of priority; suppression of acts of international terrorism; to contribute to the efforts to combat terrorism; condemn acts of terrorism as criminal and unjustifiable; to commend the work done by the General Assembly; asylum seeker; through all lawful means.

Resolution 1269 adopted by the Security Council at its 4053rd meeting	UN Security Council Resolution 1269
Security Council,	The Security Council,
preoccupied the growing number of acts of international terrorism, which poses a danger to the life and well-being of people throughout the world, as well as to the peace and security of all states;	deeply concerned by the increase in acts of international terrorism which endangers the lives and well-being of individuals worldwide as well as the peace and security of all States;
condemning all acts of terrorism, regardless of motive, wherever and by whom they may be committed,	condemning all acts of terrorism, irrespective of motive, wherever and by whomever committed,
mindful on all relevant resolutions of the General Assembly, including resolution 49/60 of 9 December 1994, in which it adopted the Declaration on Measures to Eliminate International Terrorism,	mindful of all relevant resolutions of the general assembly, including resolution 49/60 of December 9, 1994, by which it adopted the Declaration on Measures to Eliminate International Terrorism,
emphasizing the need to intensify the fight against terrorism at the national level and strengthen, under the auspices of the United Nations, effective international cooperation in this field on the basis of the principles of the Charter of the United Nations and international law, including respect for international humanitarian law and human rights,	emphasizing the necessity to intensify the fight against terrorism at the national level and o strengthen, under the auspices of the United Nations, effective international cooperation in this field on the basis of the principles of the charter of the United Nations and norms of international law, including respect for international humanitarian law and human rights,
supporting efforts to encourage universal participation in and implementation of existing international anti-terrorist conventions, as well as to develop new international instruments in order to counter the threat of terrorism,	supporting the efforts to promote universal participation in and implementation of the existing international anti-terrorist conventions, as well as to develop new international instruments to counter the terrorist threat,
appreciating the work done by the General Assembly, the relevant bodies and specialized agencies of the United Nations and regional and other organizations in order to combat international terrorism,	commending the work done by the General Assembly, relevant United Nations organs and specialized agencies and regional and other organizations, to combat international terrorism,
overflowing Determined to contribute, in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations, to efforts to combat terrorism in all its forms,	determined to contribute, in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations, to the efforts to combat terrorism in all its forms,
affirming that the suppression of acts of international terrorism, including those in which States are implicated, constitutes an essential contribution to the maintenance of international peace and security,	reaffirming that the suppression of acts of international terrorism, including those in which States are involved, is an essential contribution to the maintenance of international peace and security,
1) Unequivocally condemns all acts, methods and practices of terrorism as criminal and unjustifiable, regardless of their motives, in all their forms and manifestations, wherever and by whomsoever committed, especially those that could threaten international peace and security ;	1) unequivocally condemns all acts, methods and practices of terrorism as criminal and unjustifiable, regardless of their motivation, in all their forms and manifestations, wherever and by whomever committed, in particular those which could threaten international peace and security;
2) Calls on all States to fully implement the international anti-terrorism conventions to which they are parties, and invites all States to consider as a matter of priority the issue of acceding to those of which they are not parties, and invites also to accept, as soon as possible, the pending conventions;	2) calls upon all states to implement fully the international anti-terrorist conventions to which they are parties, encourages all States to consider as a matter of priority adhering to those to which this are not parties; and encourages also the speedy as an option of the pending conventions;
3) Emphasizes the vital role of the United Nations in strengthening international cooperation against terrorism and stresses the importance of greater coordination among States, international and regional organizations;	3) stresses the vital role of the United Nations in strengthening international cooperation in combating terrorism and emphasizes the importance of enhanced coordination among States, international and regional organizations;
4) Calls upon all States to take, in particular in the context of such cooperation and coordination, appropriate steps to:	4) calls upon all States to take, inter alia, in the context of such cooperation and coordination, appropriate steps to:
- mutual cooperation, especially on the basis of bilateral and multilateral agreements and mechanisms, in order to prevent and suppress terrorist acts, protect their citizens and others from terrorist attacks and bring to justice those responsible for such acts;	– cooperate with each other, particularly through bilateral and multilateral agreements and arrangements, to prevent and suppress terrorist acts, protect their nationals and other persons against terrorist attacks and bring to justice the perpetrators of such acts;
- prevention and suppression on its territory by all legal means of activities for the preparation and financing of any acts of terrorism;	– prevent and suppress in their territories through all lawful means the preparation and financing of any acts of terrorism;
– Denying safe haven to those who plan, finance and commit terrorist acts by securing their arrest and prosecution or extradition;	– deny those who plan, finance or commit terrorist acts safe haven by ensuring their apprehension and prosecution or extradition;
– taking, prior to granting refugee status, appropriate measures, in accordance with relevant provisions of national and international law, including international human rights law, to establish that the asylum-seeker has not taken part in terrorist acts;	– take appropriate measures in conformity with the relevant provisions of national and international law, including international standards of human rights, before granting refugee status, for the purpose of ensuring that the asylum-seeker has not participated in terrorist acts;
– exchange of information in accordance with international law and national legislation and cooperation in administrative and judicial matters in order to prevent terrorist acts;	– exchange of information in accordance with international and domestic law, and cooperate on administrative and judicial matters in order to prevent the commission of terrorist acts;
5) Requests the Secretary-General, in his reports to the General Assembly, especially those submitted pursuant to its resolution 50/53 on measures to eliminate international terrorism, to pay special attention to the need to prevent and combat the threat to international peace and security posed by terrorist activities;	5) requests the Secretary-General, in his reports to the General Assembly, in particular submitted in accordance with its resolution 50/53 on measures to eliminate international terrorism, to pay special attention to the need to prevent and fight the threat to international peace and security as a result of terrorist activities;
6) Expresses its readiness to consider the relevant provisions of the reports referred to in paragraph 5 above and take the necessary measures in accordance with its obligations under the Charter of the United Nations in order to counter the threats to international peace and security posed by terrorism;	6) expresses its readiness to consider relevant provisions of the reports mentioned in paragraph 5 above and to take necessary steps in accordance with its responsibilities under the Charter of the United Nations in order to counter terrorist threats to international peace and security;
7) Decides to deal with this matter.	7) decides to remain seized of this matter.

3. Compile an English-Russian glossary of terms using the following text.

Terms for Describing Terrorism

Since today's world newspapers, radio and television programs around the globe are all too often filled with accounts of terrorist attacks, suicide bombing and other such horrific acts, the Russian-English/English-Russian translator or interpreter is well advised to have a variety of synonyms in his active linguistic baggage. “Shocking”, a word commonly used to describe terrorist acts, can be supplemented or replaced by a wide variety of negative adjectives such as “abominable’ ( disgusting), “appalling” ( spooky), “atrocious” ( brutal, vile), “brutal” ( cruel), “frightful” ( terrible, terrible), “hateful” ( hated), “heinous” ( disgusting), hideous ( ugly), “horrible” ( horrible), “monstrous” ( monstrous), “obnoxious” ( disgusting, obnoxious), “odious” ( hateful, disgusting), “outrageous” ( ugly, outrageous), “repugnant” ( disgusting), “repulsive” ( repulsive), “sickening” ( nauseous), “terrible” ( terrible, terrible), “vile” ( vile). Another useful word is “unspeakable” – “unspeakable acts” imply actions so awful that one is loath to even talk of them. These deads may also be “brazen” ( daring). A common Russian adjective describing such acts is insidious, as in insidious sophistication of terrorists. While the dictionary defines insidious as “treacherous” or “perfidious”, in many contexts these may not be appropriate translations. In the given phrase, “insidious” or “fiendish” sophistication of the terrorists would successfully render the phrase’s meaning.

“Reprehensible” implies something which is both reprehensible and disgusting- “revolting”. “Disgusting” is somewhat too colloquial for such situations. And the correct adjective to render barbaric is “barbaric”, not “barbarian”, as in “barbaric bombings” or “the barbaric and sick individuals who committed these acts”.

The individual who carries out such acts is the “perpetrator”, and he ‘commits’, ‘carries out’ or ‘perpetrates’ his evil deeds. The individuals who order him to do so, customers or instigators are the ‘masterminds’, ‘ringleaders’ or ‘instigators’ of violence. While the word bandits often comes up in reference to terrorists, the English word “bandits” should be avoided. A far better translation is “thug”; the collaborators or henchmen of terrorists are their “henchmen” or ‘accomplices”, or “those who aid and abet terrorists”. Terrorist criminal gangs is better translated as “criminal gangs” than as “bands”. But case(“cause”) can justify the actions of any lost(“misguided”, “deluded”) individuals, would-be martyrs ( martyrs) or fanatics.

While strong and merciless enemy, as terrorists are often called, can be translated as a ‘strong and merciless enemy’, “ruthless” is a more idiomatic translation of merciless, and a very useful word to describe someone who has no scruples/moral principleswill stop at nothing/will not shrink/shirk from perpetrating any kind of terrorist act.

The question of further intensifying and enhancing cooperation in the fight against terrorism is the “vitally”, “critically important” or “crucial’ issue of the continuous/continued further revitalization (“activization “ is not a good choice here) of effective cooperation in combating rettorism”. Fight against terrorism can be rendered in several ways: the war on terrorism/campaign against terrorism/struggle/fight against terrorism. And addressing the priority task of combating terrorism can be rendered as “the high(est) priority objective of resolving (not solving) the challenge/issue/problem of the fight/struggle against terrorism.”

Act of terrorism that shook the world are acts which “shocked”, “stunned”, “rocked”, or “convulsed” the world, or “made the world reel”. While terrorist hotspots are often translated as “hotbeds” or “flashpoints” of terrorism, in some contexts these can be “strongholds” or “bastions”.

We often hear about the main condition for success– “the key to success” or “prerequisite for” success in the war on terrorism. Enemy - "enemy/adversary/opponent" - far from broken– “has by no means/has not yet been defeated/conquered/smashed”. The forces of evil eager to possess weapons of mass destruction– “are (desperately) trying /eager/out/to acquire weapons of mass destruction”. There are also numerous irrefutable evidence– “a great deal of/a plethora of/incontrovertible/irrefutable evidence” regarding terrorists activities.

Terrorism must be completely eradicated/liquidated can be translated as “Terrorism must be eliminated/destroyed/wiped out/ended”. This also requires putting an end to its culture medium, or “breeding grounds”. Joint efforts– “joint” or “common” efforts are needed to defeat the terrorists, and those involved in this struggle must “pool” or “unite” (not “share”) their efforts. What is required is a comprehensive approach to countering terrorism. Better than “a comprehensive” approach would be “multipronged” or “multifaceted”. Also needed are decisive, united and measured action by the international community– vigorous/resolute (much better than “firm”), united and considered actions on the part of the international community”. As the Russian Minister of Foreign Affairs stated in his speech to the UN security Council.

The use of terror methods puts an end to the political ambitions of those who engage in this, unequivocally turns them into criminals and outcasts. There can be no justification for their actions. And we ourselves must act in relation to them accordingly: criminals are obliged to bear punishment for their deeds..

The translator here is presented with plenty of interesting possibilities. The use of terror can either “doom” or “put an end to” the political “strivings” (better than “ambitions”) of those engaged/involved in terrorism, and (“and” is necessary in English) clearly/unequivocally/ stamps/marks/brands them as criminals and utter/absolute pariahs/the lowest of the low/places them beyond the pale. There can be no justification for their actions. And we must take appropriate action against them: the criminals must be punished/punishment must be meted out for their actions (or, much better) – for what they have wrought. In other words, they cannot be allowed to act with impunity– “with impunity”. Terrorists must not be allowed to get away from justice– “to escape from justice”.

Those who harbor terrorists, “harbor/give refugee” to terrorists must also be punished. As the Foreign Minister pointed out in his speech: « For Russia, strengthening international solidarity in the fight against terrorism is not a tribute to political rhetoric". For Russia strengthening/consolidating international solidarity/unity in the war on/campaign/fight against terrorism is not empty rhetoric/hollow platitudes/mere political gesturing/lip service/mere verbiage. All those who are fighting against terrorism must hope− harbor/cherish the hope” that terrorism will be eliminated.

The translator/interpreter must take care to keep abreast of the growing vocabulary of political, military and humanitarian terminology so frequently used in discussion of this scourge of the twenty-first century.

English-Russian glossary on the topic “Terrorism”.

1. attack

a bomb attack- Detonation of bomb;
a nerve gas attack- a terrorist attack using nerve gas;
a suicide bomb attack- an explosion carried out by a suicide bomber;
to be killed/injured/wounded in a bomb attack- to die / get injured as a result of a bomb explosion;
to launch an attack- to commit an attack, a terrorist act;
stage an attack− to commit an attack, a terrorist attack;
to carry out an attack- to attack, act of terrorism.

2. bombing- bomb explosion

a deadly bombing- a bomb explosion that caused numerous casualties;
suicide bombing− an explosion carried out by a suicide bomber;
car bombing- explosion of a car filled with explosives.

3. A bomb

a roadside bomb− roadside bomb;
a timed bomb− time bomb;
a bomb blasted/detonated/exploded/went off- a bomb exploded;
a bomb killed injured/wounded…people- as a result of the bomb explosion, a person was killed/injured;
to plant a bomb- Plant a bomb.

4. An explosive- explosive, explosive

a powerful explosive- a powerful explosive;
to defuse an explosive device- defuse the explosive device;
to set off explosive devices by remote control− activate the explosive device by remote control;
to wear an explosive belt- to wear a martyr's belt.

5. A hostage− hostage

to hold smb hostage- hold someone hostage;
to hold hostages− hold hostages;
to release hostages- release the hostages;
to take smb hostage- take someone hostage;
to take (20) hostages- Capture (20) hostages.

6. A terrorist act- act of terrorism

to carry out/commit/perpetrate terrorist acts- to carry out terrorist attacks;
to incite/instigate terrorist acts- provoke terrorist attacks;
to mastermind terrorist acts- prepare terrorist attacks;
to plot terrorist acts- planning terrorist attacks.

a group of armed kidnappers– a group of armed kidnappers;

a police raid- police raid, operation;

a training camp- training camp;

an asylum-seeker– a refugee seeking asylum;

an increase in acts of international terrorism– an increase in the number of acts of international terrorism;

death count- the number of deaths;

in all forms and manifestations- in all forms and manifestations;

in conformity with the relevant provisions of national and international law− in accordance with the relevant provisions of national legislation and international law;

kidnapping for ransom– kidnapping for ransomSyn. abduction for ransom;

suspected mastermind– suspected organizer;

suspected terrorists– suspected terrorists;

the commission of terrorist acts- commission of terrorist attacks;

the Interior Minister- Minister of Internal Affairs;

the speedy adoption of the pending conventions– speedy adoption of pending conventions;

through all legal means– by all legal means;

to blow oneself up- blow yourself up

to blame smth for smth/to blame smth on smb- accuse someone of something;

to blow up a train- blow up the trainSyn. to blast;

to bring to justice the perpetrators of the terrorist acts– bring to justice those responsible for the terrorist attacks;

to capture smb/smth- capture someone, somethingSyn. to seize smb/smth;

to cause major damage– cause significant damage;

to claim responsibility for the attack- take responsibility for the attack;

to combat international terrorism- fight against international terrorism;

to consider smth as a matter of priority- to consider any issue as a matter of priority;

to contribute to the efforts to combat terrorism− Contribute to counter-terrorism efforts;

to counter the terrorist threat– to counteract the threat of terrorism;

to demand the release- demand release;

to deny safe haven- deny asylum;

to detonate an explosion- set off an explosive device;

to eliminate terrorism- Eliminate international terrorism;

to endanger the lives and well-being of individuals- pose a danger to the life and well-being of people;

to grant refugee status– grant refugee status;

to hide out in…− hiding in…;

to hijack a plane- hijack a plane

to hit targets- hit targets

to hold smb responsible for smth- make someone else responsible for something

to intensify the fight against terrorism- intensify the fight against terrorism;

to promote universal participation in− encourage participation by all;

to quash a rebel movement- to suppress the insurgency;

to shoot down a plane- shoot down the plane Syn. to bring down a plane;

to sign a peace accord- to sign a peace agreement;

stop the rebellion- crush the uprising;

to storm a building- take the building by storm;

to unequivocally condemn all acts of terrorism as unjustifiable– unreservedly condemn all acts of terrorism as unjustifiable;

to unleash a new tide of terror- unleash a new wave of terror;

under the auspices of the UN under the auspices of the UN.

"abominable" ( disgusting),	act of terrorism
"appalling" ( spooky),
"atrocious" ( brutal, vile),
"barbaric"( barbaric),
"brazen" ( bold),
"brutal" ( cruel),
"frightful" ( terrible, terrible),
"hateful" ( hated),
"heinous" ( disgusting),
hideous ( ugly),
"horrible" ( horrible),
"monstrous" ( monstrous),
"obnoxious" ( disgusting, obnoxious),
"odious" ( hateful, disgusting),
"outrageous" ( ugly, outrageous),
"repugnant" ( disgusting),
"repulsive" ( repulsive),
"sickening" ( nauseous),
"terribly" ( terrible, terrible),
vile ( vile)

Russian-English glossary on the topic "Terrorism"

activate - to revitalize/to intensify;

bandits - thugs;

fight against terrorism the war on terrorism/campaign against terrorism/struggle/fight against terrorism;

future world order future world order;

the rule of international law supremacy of international law/rule of international law;

take advantage of the challenging security environment to take advantage of the complicated security situation;

restore combat capabilities - to restore combat capabilities;

restore the unity of the international community - to restore the unity of the international community;

act within the bounds of legality on the basis of international law - to act within the framework of legality, on the basis of international law;

instigators/customers - masterminds/ringleaders/instigators;

to avoid the growth of crisis processes in international politics - to avoid the intensification of crises in international politics;

insidious sophistication of terrorists - the insidious/fiendish sophistication of the terrorists;

an integrated approach to countering terrorism - a multipronged/multifaceted approach to countering terrorism;

UN Security Council Counter-Terrorism Committee - the Counterterrorism Committee of the UN Security Council;

to eliminate the network of international terrorism - to eliminate the international terrorist network;

interstate antiterrorist cooperation - interstate counterterrorist cooperation;

Numerous irrefutable evidence a great deal of/a plethora of/incontrovertible/irrefutable evidence;

unite the efforts of the international community to unite/to pool the efforts of the international community;

unilateral actions against sovereign states - unilateral actions against sovereign states;

nutrient medium breeding/fertile ground;

nurture hope - to harbor/cherish the hope;

defeat international terrorism to defeat international terrorism;

under the slogans of the fight against terrorism - under the banner of combating terrorism;

undermine the unity of the international community to undermine the unity of the international community;

accomplices / henchmen - henchmen/accomplices;

call into question the fundamental aims and ideals of to call into question fundamental goals and ideals;

criminal gangs of terrorists criminal gangs;

adapt to changing conditions to adjust to changing conditions;

downplay the potential of terrorists - to underestimate the capabilities of terrorists;

undermine the foundations of a broad international antiterrorist coalition - to shake the foundations of broad international anti-terrorist coalition;

rush to possess weapons of mass destruction - to desperately try to acquire weapons of mass destruction;

solution of the priority task of combating terrorism - the highest priority objective of resolving the challenge/issue/problem of the fight/struggle against terrorism;

decisive action - resolve actions;

balanced non-confrontational foreign policy of Russia - balanced and non-confrontational foreign policy of Russia;

joint efforts - joint/common efforts;

rally in the face of a common enemy - to unite in the face of a common enemy;

cohesive anti-terrorism campaign united anti-terrorist campaign;

cohesive action - united actions;

face the threat of large-scale terrorist attacks - to face the threat of large-scale terrorist acts;

terrorist attacks that shook the world - the terrorist acts which shocked/stunned/rocked/convulsed the world;

terrorist hotspots hotbeds/flashpoints/strongholds;

get away from justice escape from justice;

Strengthening the central role of the UN strengthening the central role of the UN;

harbor terrorists to harbor/give refuge to terrorists;

elimination of the global threat to humanity - elimination of the global threat to humanity;

aggravation of the threat - aggravation of the terrorist threat.

Class: 9

Type: generalization and systematization of students' knowledge on this topic.

Conduct form: problem-search activity.

Lesson form: search lesson.

Methods: search, research, reproductive.

The purpose of the lesson: create conditions for the development of a communicative culture and socio-cultural education of students through problem-based learning.

Tasks.

Training: formation of a lexical base on the topic “Terrorism”, teaching oral speech, improving reading and listening skills.

Developing: development of personal and communication skills through the creation of problem situations, research activities; development of cognitive interest of students, increasing motivation for learning a foreign language.

Educational: to provide stimulation of speech-cogitative and social activity of students; Take responsibility for your own life and the lives of those around you.

Lesson equipment: multimedia equipment, Internet resources, handouts.

During the classes

I. Organizational moments

Good morning boys and girls! I'm very glad to see you. I hope you are OK.

II. Declaring the purpose of the lesson

Today we will talk about one of the most serious problems of our modern world. Look at the screen, do this puzzle and you'll know the topic of our lesson. (Slide 2). Presentation

Crossword assignment.

Fight– a situation in which two people or groups push, hit etc. each other.

Alert

Crime

Robbery

Catastrophe

Government

Bullies

organization

Victim

So, as you see, the topic of our lesson is “Terrorism”.

III. Speech warm-up

Before we start our conversation, let's look through the words and phrases that can help us for our discussion. (Choral practice of new lexical material). (Slide 3)

1) The steel of the nation's resolve - the firm determination, the steadfastness of the nation.

2) A casualty - an accident, a disaster.

3) Crash sites - crash sites.

4) A wide-broadcast - an extended release of television programs.

5) To make no distinction between - do not distinguish between.

6) To harbor sb - give shelter, shelter someone.

7) To apprehend sb - arrest, detain someone

8) Hideous - disgusting, terrible, terrible.

9) To tolerate - endure.

10) To expend every effort - spare no effort.

Now translate the sentences with these words and phrases from English into Russian. (Slide 4)

1) President Bush says Tuesday's terrorist attacks in the USA will be met with the steel of the nation's resolve.

2) The casualty toll from the Tuesday's attacks rises rapidly as reports are coming from the crash sites.

3) In the nation's wide-broadcast from the White House late Tuesday Mr. Bush said that the US government continues to function without interruption.

4) He also warned that the USA make no distinction between the terrorists and those who harbor them.

5) The USA top law enforcement official said every effort be made to apprehend those responsible for the deadly attack.

6) These hideous acts of violence are an assault on the security of our nation.

7) We will not tolerate such acts.

8) We will expend every effort and devote all the necessary resources to bring the people responsible for these acts, these crimes to justice.

Try to use these words and word-combinations in our discussion today.

IV. Development of listening skills, oral speech

Let's watch a video about awful events which happened on September 11, 2001 in the USA. (Video footage of the BBC news release)

What feelings and emotions does this record arise?

V. Activation of lexical and grammatical material

Use the word given in capitals at the end of each line to form a word that fits in the gap in the same line. (Handout)

1) It happened all of a … on September 11, 2001 in the USA. suddenly

2) That was how the twin-towers of the world Trade Center in New York used to look like before the … disaster. Expect

3) A suicide plane has just crashed into the … skyscraper. One

4) Another plane is just about to attack the second high-rise … . Build

5) The U.S.A. President George Bush vows to track down and bring to justice all those … for the terrorist atrocities. Response

6) Terribly shocked, … are hurriedly leaving the scene of the unthinkable horror of all time. Employ

7) People the world over are … watching the incredible events happening in America on TV. Believe

(Keys: 1) sudden, 2) unexpected, 3) first, 4) building, 5) responsible, 6) employees, 7) unbelievably)

Students complete this task on their own. The correct answers are shown on the screen. (Slide 5)

VI. Development of reading and speaking skills

Now let's read the text and get ready to answer the questions. (Handout)

Terrorism is a criminal act that influences an audience beyond the immediate victim. The strategy of terrorists is to commit acts of violence that draws the attention of the local populace, the government, and the world to their cause. The terrorists plan their attack to obtain the greatest publicity, choosing targets that symbolize what they oppose. The effectiveness of the terrorist act lies not in the act itself, but in the public’s or government’s reaction to the act. For example, in 1972 at the Munich Olympics, the Black September Organization killed 11 Israelis. The Israelis were the immediate victims. But the true target was the estimated 1 billion people watching the televised event. Those billion people watching were to be introduced to fear - which is terrorism's ultimate goal.

The Black Organization September Organization used the high visibility of the Munich Olympics to publicize its views on the plight of the Palestinian refugees. Similarly, in October 1983, Middle Eastern terrorists bombed the Marine Battalion Landing Team Headquarters at Beirut International Airport. Their immediate victims were the 241 U.S. military personnel who were killed and over 100 others who were wounded. Their true target was the American people and the U.S. Congress. Their one act of violence influenced the United States’ decision to withdraw the Marines from Beirut and was therefore considered a terrorist success.

There are three perspectives of terrorism: the terrorist's, the victim's, and the general public's. The phrase "one man's terrorist is another man's freedom fighter" is a view terrorists themselves would gladly accept. Terrorists do not see themselves as evil. They believe they are legitimate combatants, fighting for what they believe in, by whatever means possible to attain their goals. A victim of a terrorist act sees the terrorist as a criminal with no regard for human life. The general public's view though can be the most unstable. The terrorists take great pains to foster a “Robin Hood” image in hope of swaying the general public’s point of view towards their cause. This sympathetic view of terrorism has become an integral part of their psychological warfare and has been countered vigorously by governments, the media and other organizations.

Questions: (Slide 6)

What is terrorism?
What is the strategy of terrorists?
What does the effectiveness of the terrorist act lie?
What are the perspectives of terrorism?
How do terrorists see themselves?
Can you give the examples of the most famous incidents? (Slides 7-15)

VII. Development of monologue speech skills

Let's divide into 3 groups and try to find out what we should do to prevent terrorism. (Students work in groups, then the speaker of each group reads out ways to fight terrorism. Students can also show their creativity by creating posters on the topic “Fighting terrorism”)

VIII. Reflection

That brings us to the end. Today we have talked a lot about terrorism. Unfortunately, this problem has turned into one of the most dangerous social-political problems.

Let's recollect our knowledge. (This information is presented on the screen)

1) What is terrorism? (Slide 16)

Terrorism is the systematic use of violence (terror) as a means of coercion for political purposes. Common definitions of terrorism refer only to those violent acts which are intended to create fear (terror); are perpetrated for a religious, political, or ideological goal; and deliberately target or disregard the safety of non-combatants (civilians). Some definitions now include acts of unlawful violence and war.

2) What are the causes of terrorism? (Slide 17)

There Are Two Causes of Terrorism

All terrorist acts are motivated by two things:

Social and political injustice: People choose terrorism when they are trying to right what they perceive to be a social or political or historical wrong-when they have been stripped of their land or rights, or denied these.
The belief that violence or its threat will be effective, and usher in change. Another way of saying this is: the belief that violent means justify the ends. Many terrorists in history said sincerely that they chose violence after a long deliberation, because they felt they had no choice.

This explanation of the causes of terrorism may be difficult to swallow. It sounds too simple, or too theoretical. However, if you look at any group that is widely understood as a terrorist group, you will find these two elements are basic to their story.

Also, I'd like to remember some rules which help you save your and other people's lives: (Slide 18)

1) When you see ownerless things in different places, you must inform the police.

2) Don't touch the ownerless things.

3) Don't open them.

4) Don't move them.

5) If you became a hostage, you must obey all terrorists' demands.

6) Try to find a safety place.

7) Don't look at terrorists' eyes.

8) Speak briefly and quietly.

9) Don't show unnecessary heroism.

IX. Lesson summary

Thank you for your work. I hope our lesson will be useful for you. We have to know how to behave ourselves not to lose our temper.

X. Homework announcement

Imagine that you are involved in the situation given below and it is your decision that counts. What would you do? Write the composition (80-100 words).

Your country (city) has become a victim of a terrorist attack. What would you do?

XI. List of sources used

Afanas'eva O.V., Mikheeva I.V. Textbook for grade 9 schools with in-depth study of English.
Internet resources (sites).
Longman. Dictionary of contemporary English.

People have lived in our planet Earth for centuries and global problems have always existed. (People have been living on our planet Earth for centuries, and global problems always exist.)

In ancient times the biggest global problem was wars. (In ancient times, wars were the biggest global problem)

People have been fighting with each other since the beginning of the civilization mostly to get new territories and more land. (People have been fighting each other since the beginning of civilization, mainly to gain new territories and more land.)

Today, there are more global problems which can be divided into two categories: ecological problems and social, economic and political issues. (Today there are many global problems that can be divided into two categories: ecological problems and social, economic and political issues/issues)

The first category includes issues relating to ecological destruction, pollution and global warming as the result. (The first category includes questions related to environmental destruction, pollution, and global warming as a result.)

The climate is changing and many people agree that climate change may be one of the greatest threats facing the planet. (The climate is changing, and many people agree that climate change may be one of the biggest threats the planet has encountered.)

Global warming has already been killed off some types of animals and plants. (Global warming has already destroyed some species of animals and plants)

Rising sea levels are threatening whole nations on islands in the Pacific and Indian Oceans. (Rising sea levels threaten entire peoples on islands in the Pacific and Indian Oceans)

The second category of global problems deals with social, economic and political issues. (The second category of global issues concerns social, economic and political issues/topics)

They include global terrorism, poverty, human rights, health issues, racism and many others. (They include global terrorism, poverty, human rights, health issues, racism and many more)

We are faced with the problem of global terrorism. And more and more countries are suffering from it. (We are facing the problem of global terrorism. And more and more countries are suffering from it.)

It is difficult to catch terrorists and prevent their acts. (It is difficult to catch terrorists and prevent their actions)

The most terrible terrorist attack took place on September 11, 2001 in the USA. (The worst terrorist attack happened on September 11, 2001 in the USA)

The World Trade Centre, one of the symbols of New York City, was destroyed completely and thou¬sands of people died. (The World Trade Center was completely destroyed and thousands of people died.)

The world was shocked and most countries decided to fight against terrorism. However, new terror-ist attacks have been committed. (The world was shocked and most countries decided to fight against terrorism. However, new terrorist attacks are being committed.)

Poverty is another global problem. The worst situation is in Africa where people (mostly children) die every day of hunger. (Poverty is another global problem. The worst situation is in Africa, where people (mainly children) die every day from hunger.)

The poor also have less access to health, education and other services. (The poor also have less access to healthcare, education and other services)

Incurable diseases and epidemics are also a global challenge for humanity. (Incurable diseases and epidemics are also a global challenge/problem for humanity.)

Another global problem is racism, when people of different races and different skin colors are humiliated and even killed. (Another global problem is racism, when people of different races and skin colors are humiliated and even killed.)

There are many organizations that fight social global problems, but this battle has lasted for a long time and it will take much time for the solution of all of them. (There are many organizations that are fighting social global issues, but this struggle has been going on for a long time and will take a long time to solve all of them)

We live in the 21st century and humanity has made a great progress in technology, so I think that it is strange that we still have global problems, especially the ones that deal with social, economic and political issues. (We live in the 21st century and humanity has made a lot of progress in technology, so I think it's strange that we still have global problems, especially those that have to do with social, economic and political issues.)

I am sure that they can be solved completely without any conflicts or wars. (I'm sure they can be resolved without any conflict or war.)

Terrorism is a term used to describe violence or the perception or threat of imminent violence.

Types of terrorism. Types of Terrorism.

Civil Disorders – A form of collective violence interfering with the peace, security, and normal functioning of the community.

Political Terrorism – Violent criminal behavior designed primarily to generate fear in the community, or substantial segment of it, for political purposes.

Non-Political Terrorism – Terrorism that is not aimed at political purposes but which exhibits “conscious design to create and maintain a high degree of fear for coercive purposes, but the end is individual or collective gain rather than the achievement of a political objective”.

Quasi-Terrorism – The activities incidental to the commission of crimes of violence that are similar in form and method to genuine terrorism but which still lack its essential ingredient. It is not the main purpose of the quasi-terrorists to induce terror in the immediate victim as in the case of genuine terrorism, but the quasi-terrorist uses the modalities and techniques of the genuine terrorist and produces similar consequences and reaction. For example, the fleeing felon who takes hostages is a quasi-terrorist, whose methods are similar to those of the genuine terrorist but whose purposes are quite different.

Limited Political Terrorism – Genuine political terrorism is characterized by a revolutionary approach; limited political terrorism refers to “acts of terrorism which are committed for ideological or political motives but which are not part of a concerted campaign to capture control of the State.

Official or State Terrorism – referring to nations whose rule is based upon fear and oppression that reach similar to terrorism or such proportions.”

Terrorist attacks are often targeted to maximize fear and publicity. They usually use explosives or poison, but there is
also concern about terrorist attacks using weapons of mass destruction. Terrorist organizations usually methodically plan attacks in advance, and may train participants, plant "undercover" agents, and raise money from supporters or
through organized crime. Communication may occur through modern telecommunications, or through old-fashioned
methods such as couriers.

The 11th of September, 2001

On Tuesday morning, September 11, 2001 terrorists attacked America in a series of despicable acts of war. They hijacked
four passenger jets, crashed two of them into the World Trade Center's twin Towers and a third into the Headquarter of the US Department of Defense at the Pentagon, causing great loss of life and tremendous damage. The fourth plane crashed in the Pennsylvania countryside killing all on board but falling well short of its intended target apparently because of the heroic efforts of passengers on board. This carriage which caused.

The collapse of both Trade Center Towers and the destruction of part of the Pentagon killed more than 250 airplane passengers and thousands more on the ground. The newspapers were head-lined: “US attacked”, “America’s bloodiest day”, “Terrorists in jet killed thousands”, “Terrorists destroyed World Trade Center, hit Pentagon in raid with
hijacked jet.” Civilized people around the world denounce the evildoers who devised and expected these
terrible attacks. Justice demands that those who helped the terrorists must be punished. The USA uses all the resources of the country and allies to pursue those responsible for this evil, until justice is done. Everybody mourns with those who have suffered great. Nowdays the 11th of September is observed as A National Day of Prayer and Remembrance, honoring the memory of the thousands of victims of these brutal attacks.