Standards for transfer to a new BBC. Scientific and Technical Library named after. N.G. Chetaeva knitu-kai. Connections and divisions in the LBC
How do I get to the library? Inseparable UDC and BBK.
The mysterious abbreviations UDC and BBK are library classifiers, in other words, classification indices and codes. The letters and numbers of the book codes will “tell” where , on which shelf of the depository it will be stored, as well as in which drawer of the systematic catalog its card will be placed.
UDC-BBK along with barcode, copyright sign, ISBN, etc. included in the so-called publishing package, which is issued when a book is published. The publishing house Author-online undertakes this service and provides it promptly, in the shortest possible time.
Look at the book card from the systematic catalog:
Let's decipher the concepts:
UDC- index of the Universal Decimal Classification.
BBK - Index of Library and Bibliographic Classification.
Why does a work (book, article) need the UDC and BBK indices?
The classification indices UDC, BBK (and also the author's mark!) form the so-called storage code of the publication. Each book must have its own code. Classification indices and the author's mark are placed in the upper left corner of the title page.
Let's take a closer look at the UDC - the index of the Universal Decimal Classification.
This is the basis for systematizing the knowledge accumulated by humanity in libraries, databases and other information repositories. UDC is accepted for indexing scientific and technical documents in most countries of the world. In Russia, UDC is a mandatory requisite for all book products and information on natural and technical sciences.
From the history:the universal decimal classification (UDC) appeared at the beginning of the 20th century thanks to the Belgian bibliographers Paul and Henri Lafontaine. The first edition of the complete UDC tables was published in French in 1905. The structure of the UDC has deviated from the original scheme over time, but in a number of sections the class indices of these systems almost coincide. In Russia, since 1963, scientific and technical publishing houses and editorial offices of scientific and technical journals have introduced mandatory indexing of all publications according to UDC tables.
What about the Library Bibliographic Classification (BBC) indexes?
BBK is the first national classification system in Russia. The initial version of the tables, published in 38 volumes, was developed in the 70s. 800 scientists took part in the development. BBK has received recognition as one of the largest universal systems. The combination system of library classification of publications is intended for organizing library collections, systematic catalogs and card files. BBK is a combination of numbers and numbers indicating which thematic section this publication belongs to.
The author's mark is determined by the first element of the bibliographic record. Usually they are the author's surname, the title of the work, and less often - the name of the collective authorship. Books written by four or more authors receive an author's mark from the first word of the title. The copyright mark is determined by two-digit tables of copyright marks by L. B. Khavkina. /Lyubov Borisovna Khavkina - Russian librarian, candidate of pedagogical sciences, developed three-digit author's tables in 1931/. The author's mark is placed under the first digit of the BBK index.
Library and bibliographic classification (LBC) - The national classification system of Russia is intended for the organization of library collections, systematic catalogs and card files. Their main task is to reveal the content of printed works, present them in the form of a coherent scientifically based system of knowledge, and thereby make it as easy as possible for the reader to use library collections.
BBK table options:
· Universal
· Medium (in 10 issues intended to systematize literature in libraries of various types and types: universal scientific, higher educational institutions, industry and specialized.)
· Abridged (in one volume it will replace the version for mass libraries, will retain the level of methodological equipment achieved in the last edition (“LBC Worksheets for Mass Libraries”, 1997), expanded APU and methodological introduction.)
· Industry.
In 2000, the LBC co-authors: the Russian State Library, the Russian National Library and the Library of the Russian Academy of Sciences signed an agreement, in accordance with which the LBC switches to a new typology of publications, and the LBC table system includes 3 options: full (standard), medium and abbreviated tables.
LBC tables consist of several types of tables: basic, general, territorial and special standard divisions.
The first row of the main tables - seven departments, is divided into subdivisions that make up the second row of divisions, subdivisions, as a result of subsequent fragmentation, form the third row of divisions, etc.
All divisions have symbols called indices.
Indices can be homogeneous in their form, consisting only of Arabic numerals, or mixed, when they include both numbers and letters.
General typical divisions(OTD) are divided into three types: thematic, denoting features of the content of printed works that are repeated in all or many branches of knowledge; formal, characterizing the form and purpose of printed works; territorial, reflecting the system of territorial concepts; political, political-administrative, as well as non-administrative.
General standard divisions make it possible to create special headings for different types of printed works: dictionaries, reference books, textbooks, etc.; highlight particularly important concepts that are typical for different branches of knowledge: philosophical issues of science, its methodology, leadership and management, organization and labor protection, occupational safety, methods and techniques of scientific research, history of science and more. OTD indices are denoted by lowercase letters of the Russian alphabet: v, g, k, l, i, s, y, p, c, i.
The next group of typical divisions is territorial standard divisions(TTD) are intended for the formation of headings denoting locality (territory, region) in the departments of history, geography and some others.
The peculiarity of the tables of territorial standard divisions is that they are presented in two versions: for the natural sciences, where non-administrative territories play a large role, and for the social sciences. TTD are consistent with each other, have a common main series, the same letter meanings of political and political-administrative territories; their detail is determined by the specifics of the sciences.
In addition to the standard divisions, which have the same meaning in all sections of the “Tables,” within the “Main Divisions of the Classification” there are special standard divisions(STD)
Special standard divisions have been developed in many departments of the LBC; they are attached to the index of the main tables through a hyphen.
You can also form divisions to designate new concepts, create complexes based on a certain characteristic, and detail concepts by combining the indexes of headings of one main class with the indices of another main class separated by a colon.
In a number of cases, OTD, TTD, STD are included in the indices of the main divisions of the classification, as well as indices compiled using a colon.
An alphabetical subject index (ASU), where the names of subjects and concepts are arranged in strict alphabetical order, and next to which is the index under which they can be found in the “Tables,” helps in finding the desired heading. It also shows how the same subject is presented in different branches of knowledge depending on the point of view from which it is viewed.
The APU includes concepts and subjects both contained in the “Tables” and those missing from them.
Today, the BBK is the National Classification System of Russia recognized by foreign experts. LBC is the youngest of the universal classification systems and therefore best reflects the logic of development and structure of modern science.
In the new edition of the LBC tables:
· All departments of the socio-humanitarian cycle of sciences have been significantly redesigned; With rare exceptions, the sequence of sciences and corresponding spheres of social practice adopted in the LBC remained, but significant changes were made at the level of the structure of departments and sections;
· General theoretical sections have been revised, the structure of specific theoretical sciences has been revised, organized strictly according to industry or problem areas;
· The conceptual apparatus has been revised and updated;
· The problems of national history, geography and ethnography, economics, culture and language, law and many other subject areas that are of fundamental importance for the national classification system are reflected as fully as possible;
· Scientific periodization has been clarified;
· Typification capabilities have been expanded, the wording of standard divisions has been supplemented and clarified.
LBC is moving to a new typology of publications: abridged, medium and full tables will be published. At the same time, the positive experience of preparing specialized options, proven in domestic practice, will be preserved.
3. System of auxiliary tables BBK: functions and scope
The system of auxiliary (or standard tables) consists of tables of general and territorial standard divisions, standard divisions of social systems, ethnic standard divisions used in all classification departments, and tables of special standard divisions serving individual branches of science.
Typical divisions help to highlight and uniformly place literature of the same type.
Designations of auxiliary tables differ from the indexes of the main tables and do not have independent meaning, but are attached to the index of the main table directly or using symbols.
General typical divisions (GTD) The GTD table contains thematic (history of science, scientific and cultural relations, etc.) and formal (educational, reference publications, collections, bibliographic aids, etc.) divisions. The first row of OTD is indicated in lowercase letters of the Russian alphabet. The second and subsequent stages of division of the OTD are indicated by Arabic numerals.
22.141я72 - Textbooks for high school in algebra. (I72 index OTD denoting Educational publications for secondary school.)
Territorial standard divisions (TTD) are intended for a uniform division of material on a regional basis. Designations of territorial concepts - numbers and letters of the Russian alphabet, uppercase and lowercase - enclosed in parentheses ().
The main divisions of the tables are highlighted according to physical and geographical characteristics: the whole world, parts of the world (land) and the World Ocean. The exceptions are the divisions “(2) Russia” and “(3) Foreign countries in general.”
The parts of the world are arranged in the traditional sequence: Europe, Asia, America, Australia and Oceania. Countries within parts of the world are arranged in alphabetical order.
(5Japan) Japan; (531) Caucasus; (2-2SPb) St. Petersburg
Typical divisions of social systems (TDS) The TDS table is intended for a uniform division and designation of material based on the social system. The divisions of the tables are indicated in Arabic numerals with the identifying sign apostrophe ".
66.3(4)"6 - Internal politics and internal situation of developed countries of Europe.
(“6 – developed countries; “7 – developing countries”).
Ethnic standard divisions (ETD) are intended to organize material according to ethnicity and are built on an ethnolinguistic principle based on the classification of languages. Indices denoting languages have the identifying sign =, and indices denoting peoples are enclosed in parentheses (). =473.1 – Italian language; (473.1) – Italians.
Special standard divisions (STD) are used only within one department or several sections of one branch of knowledge. A distinctive feature is the hyphen (–) before their numeric part. STDs are placed directly under the indexes of those sections for which they are intended to be detailed. in technology: -1 theory, -2 design, -3 raw materials etc.
4. Universal decimal classification: structure and current state. Types of publications of UDC tables
Universal Decimal Classification (UDC) is an information classification system that is widely used throughout the world to systematize works of science, literature and art, periodicals, various types of documents and organize card files. The Universal Decimal Classification (UDC) was created by Belgian bibliographers Paul Otlet and Henri Lafontaine, who founded the International Bibliographical Institute in Brussels in 1895 and was first published in 1897. It was based on the Dewey decimal classification, which had undergone some processing, developed by the American bibliographer Melville Dewey for the Library of Congress in 1876
Currently, UDC is the intellectual property of a specially organized international UDC Consortium, which unites the main publishers of UDC tables in different languages. The All-Russian Institute of Scientific and Technical Information (VINITI) has the exclusive right to dispose of UDC tables in Russian.
The structure of the UDC consists of three parts: these are the main tables, auxiliary tables and an alphabetical subject index (ASU).
The indexes of the main UDC table reflect various areas of knowledge.
Main row
0 General department
1 Philosophical sciences. Philosophy
2 Religion. Atheism
3 Social sciences
4 (Free since 1962) content moved to department 8
5 Mathematics. Natural Sciences
6 Applied sciences. Medicine. Technique
7 Art. Decorative and applied arts. Photo. Music. Games. Sport
8 Linguistics. Philology. Fiction. Literary criticism
9 Geography. Biographies. Story
Typologically, UDC is a hierarchical inf. a search language whose indexes record logical generic relationships between table headings. The hierarchical principle of division from general to specific is the main method of detailing.
The general determinants of the UDC reflect the general categories and characteristics used throughout the table (time, place, language, form, etc.) and serve to standardly designate these general categories and characteristics. They can be attached to any index of the main UDC table, but they are not used separately from the index, independently.
General qualifiers used in the UDC:
(0) Document form
(=) languages of peoples
() places where events take place
" " time when the event occurs
(=...) races, peoples, ethnic groups and nationalities
02 properties
03 materials
In addition to general determinants, the UDC provides special (analytical) determinants. Designed to comprehensively reflect objects and processes of industry significance. Presented in tables before the corresponding sections and have the identification mark 0-.
In the alphabetical subject index (ASU), concepts corresponding to the headings of the main tables are arranged in alphabetical order.
The 4th complete edition of the UDC in Russian, which is an authoritative translation of the standard owned by the UDC Consortium, is considered standard. It is published without abbreviations. VINITI has released abbreviated UDC tables, on the basis of which work tables have been published for systematizing documents in bookselling and publishing organizations.
5. System of auxiliary tables UDC: functions and scope
The creators of the UDC (Universal Decimal Classification) are Belgian scientists Paul Otlet, Henri Lafontaine - the founders of the International Bibliographic Institute (IBI). The UDC arose in 1895 on the basis of a revision of the “Decimal Classification” of the American librarian Melville Dewey.
In 1992, the development of the UDC and control over it passed to a new body - the UDC Consortium (UDKKK). The UDCKK unites five UDC publishers together with the IFD, representing the UK, Spain, Belgium, Denmark and Japan. Full membership in the UDCKK gives the right to publish Versions of the UDC in any language.
In Russia, the machine-readable UDC standard and the right to translate it into Russian and publish it were obtained by the Rector scientific and technical center. In 1997-2000 he published three volumes of the supposed ten complete fourth edition of tables entitled “Universal Decimal Classification.”
In 2000, the All-Russian Institute of Scientific and Technical Information (VINITI) joined the Consortium. VINITI has the exclusive right to publish and distribute the complete printed edition of UDC tables in Russian based on the translation of the international standard. VINITI also annually publishes “Changes and additions to the UDC” and prepares, together with Informregister and State Public Library for Science and Technology, optical disks with the UDC.
At the same time, abbreviated UDC tables were quickly published due to the fact that printing a full set of tables in the new edition could take a long time.
Based on the abbreviated UDC tables, tables were created to systematize products in publishing houses and bookselling organizations under the name “Universal Decimal Classification. Bookkeeping Worksheets.” VINITI, GPNTB, RKP and the central collector of scientific libraries took part in their creation. The work tables are provided with methodological comments and are updated annually in accordance with changes and additions to the international and Russian standard UDC tables.
UDC structure- UDC is one of the hierarchical IPL (information retrieval language), and consists of three parts: these are the main tables, auxiliary tables and an alphabetical subject index (ASU).
The main tables include the following departments, indicated by Arabic numerals from 0 to 9.
0. General department.
1. Philosophy. Psychology.
2. Religion. Theology.
3. Social sciences.
4. (Free since 1961. And its contents were transferred to department 8)
5. Mathematics. Natural Sciences.
6. Applied sciences. Medicine. Technique.
7. Art. Decorative and applied arts.
8. Linguistics. Fiction. Literary studies.
9. Geography. Biography. Story.
The main tables contain indexes of concepts specific to a particular branch of knowledge. Auxiliary tables include general qualifiers - indices of recurring concepts common to all or many departments, as well as special qualifiers specific to a particular department.
General qualifiers can be divided into two groups according to their functions:
1) qualifiers, used to designate formal characteristics. These include language determinants (Russian, German, etc.), form determinants (reference books, textbooks, etc.)
2) identifiers that serve to reflect in more detail the content of documents: identifiers of place, time, peoples, properties, persons and materials.
General qualifiers have their own distinctive symbols:
Language identifiers contain a classification of languages, their distinctive symbol is the equal sign =,
Determinants of peoples have an identifying equal sign in parentheses
Form specifiers have a distinguishing character starting with a zero in parentheses (0...) : (075.32) Textbooks and teaching aids for secondary and special educational institutions
Place qualifiers serve to reflect a geographical or territorial aspect. Their identifying symbol is parentheses : (571) Asian part of Russia. Siberia and the Far East.
Determinants of time have a distinctive symbol: Quotation marks "..." Years are designated by four Arabic numerals "1991", centuries by two digits "17" (Astronomy in the 18th century), while the digital expression is determined by one less than the century designation: "19" (20th century ), because the first century of the new era is indicated by “00” The millennium is indicated by one digit, also one less : 621,039 “2” - nuclear energy in the third millennium.
General determinants of properties, materials and persons have a designation beginning with a hyphen zero, for example: - 02 properties, - 026.5 indicate physical properties; - 03 materials, - 036 Plastics; - 05 Faces. Personal characteristics. index 616.89-053.2 Mental illnesses in children, includes a general qualifier - 053.2 denoting children.
Special qualifiers are listed in the sections in which they are used and are highlighted with a frame. There are three types of determinants:
1. Determinants with a hyphen - 1/ -9 (they should be distinguished from general determiners starting with a hyphen -0);
2. determinants with point zero.01/.09
3. determiners with apostrophe "1 /"9
In the UDC sign system there is a group of signs designed to combine main and auxiliary indexes and combine indexes of the main tables with each other to reflect new concepts that are not represented in the tables by independent indexes.
Syntactic signs:
1. Apostrophe (")
2. Attachment sign (+)
3. Spread sign (/)
4. Relation sign (:)
5. Double relation sign (::)
6. Square brackets
There are two types of combined indexes - complex composite. Complex indices are understood as an index formed by a combination of a main index with a general or special determinant, as well as indices formed using a slash and an apostrophe sign. Composite indices include indices formed by the signs: addition (+), relation (:), and double relation (::).
1. The apostrophe sign is used to comprehensively designate individual index elements, eg 669.35"6 copper - tin alloys. The index is complex.
2. The addition sign (+), pronounced “I,” indicates the presence in documents of two independent topics that can be expressed as the sum of the main indices and determinants. For example, a textbook on chemical technology has an index (075). Indexes formed by this sign are called composite.
3. The spread sign (/ slash) creates a generalizing concept from several indices following each other. The newly formed index cannot be replaced by the sum of individual indices. This type of connection is irreversible. An index with a signed spread is called complex.
4. The relation sign (: colon) indicates the relationship between the indices. With its help, new concepts emerge. Eg. 81:1 Philosophical problems Linguistics, where 81 means Linguistics, and 1 Philosophy. Indexes with a relation sign are invertible and are called composite.
5. The double relation sign (::) serves to fix the order of two or more components of the index, which is called composite. Changing the order of the indexes would change the meaning of the composite index. For example, 528:: 629.783 is translated as satellite geodesy, where 528 is geodesy, and 629.783 are artificial satellites. Changing the order of these indices will lead to a change in the meaning of the previous concept: 629.783: 526 - denotes geodetic artificial earth satellites.
6. Square brackets are used to indicate indices in parentheses connected by the sign of relation and accession. The parenthesis may include a general qualifier that relates to each of the indices in the brackets, or an index with a relational sign that is also associated with each of the indices in the square brackets. For example, (088.8) reflects patents for radios and televisions. Square brackets are a sign that is used in all sections of the UDC in complex and compound indices.
The Alphabetical Subject Index (ASU) is a guide to tables. It includes concepts contained in the main and auxiliary tables, performing the function of determining the index by the name of the concepts expressed by subject headings. APU uses simple and complex subject headings. Subject headings are arranged in alphabetical order. Next to each is the UDC index.
Methodological instructions are an essential part in the sections of the UDC tables. The methodological instructions characterize the method of using signs, as well as references and references. Links and references show thematic connections between sections.
References give the exact address of a specific topic or subject, and references indicate the section in which indices are located, thematically related to the original ones.
The advantages of UDC include:
Versatility, because it reflects the entire universe of knowledge.
Internationality of language. Used in 36 countries, translated into 20 languages.
Possibility of multidimensional reflection of the content and formal features of a document.
Good combination possibilities.
The use of facet principles of UDC organization, in particular the widespread use of general and special qualifiers.
At present, the UDC is a universal international means of systematization, primarily due to its decimal indexation. In domestic scientific and technical libraries and information agencies, the use of UDC has been introduced since 1963. Since the same year, centralized systematization according to UDC has been carried out in our country. UDC indices are affixed according to Ros catalog cards. Book Chamber, in state bibliographic indexes, and in books on natural and technical sciences are given on the back of the title page. UDC indices are also included in publications of all-Russian and industry NTI bodies.
6. Alphabetical subject index to classification tables and systematic catalogue: their similarities and differences
Alphabetical subject index to classification tables (CCT) - reflects all the concepts contained in the main and auxiliary tables and their corresponding indices. APU helps to find the concepts necessary for indexing and determine their location in the tables, as well as identify the characteristics of the same objects dispersed in the classification tables. It uses simple and complex subject headings arranged in alphabetical order.
The APU for information retrieval language (IRL) tables is an alphabetical list of subject headings that reveal the content of documents reflected in the IRL, indicating the corresponding classification indices.
In the UDC in the APU, concepts corresponding to the headings of the main tables are arranged in alphabetical order. In the tables themselves, these concepts are presented in a logical sequence.
Library and bibliographic classification (LBC)
Basic divisions
2 Natural sciences
20 Natural sciences in general
20.1 Man and the environment. Human ecology. Ecology in general
20.3 Anomalous phenomena in the environment. Ufology
22 Physical and mathematical sciences
22.1 Mathematics
22.2 Mechanics
22.3 Physics
22.6 Astronomy
24 Chemical Sciences
24g History of chemistry
24.1 General and inorganic chemistry
24.2 Organic chemistry
24.4 Analytical chemistry
24.5 Physical chemistry. Chemical physics
24.6 Colloidal chemistry (Physical chemistry of disperse systems)
24.7 Chemistry of high molecular weight compounds (polymers)
26 Geosciences
26.0 Earth as a whole
26.1 Geodetic sciences. Cartography
26.2 Geosciences
26.3 Geological sciences
26.8 Geographical sciences
26.9 Regional Geosciences Section
28 Biological Sciences
28g History of biological sciences in general
28.0 General biology
28.1 Paleontology
28.3 Virology
28.4 Microbiology
28.5 Botany
28.6 Zoology
28.7 Human biology. Anthropology
3 Technique
30 Technology and technical sciences in general
31 Energy
32 Radio electronics. Computer Engineering. Computer science
33 Mining
34 Metal technology. Mechanical engineering. Instrumentation
35 Chemical technology. Chemical production
36 Food production
37 Wood technology. Light industry production. Printing production. Photocinema technology
38 Construction
39 Transport
4 Agriculture
4d History of Agriculture and Agronomy
40 Natural scientific and technical foundations of agriculture
41 General crop production
42 Special (private) crop production
43 Forestry. Forestry Sciences
44 Plant protection
45 General animal husbandry
46 Special (private) livestock farming
47 Hunting farm. Fisheries
48 Veterinary
5 Medicine
5d History of medicine and healthcare
51 Social hygiene and health care organization. Hygiene. Epidemiology
53 Clinical medicine in general
58 Applied branches of medicine
6/8 Social Sciences
60 Social sciences in general
60.0 Social philosophy
60.5 Sociology
60.6 Statistics
60.7 Demographics
60.8 Social management
60.9 Social work
63 History. Historical Sciences
63.0 Theory and methodology of historical science
63.2 Source study. Auxiliary historical disciplines
63.3 History
63.4 Archeology
63.5 Ethnography (ethnology, folk studies)
65 Economics. Economic Sciences
65.01 General economic theory
65.02 History of economic thought
65.03 Economic history (history of economy)
65.04 Economic geography and regional economics
65.05 Economic management. Economic statistics. Accounting. Audit. Economic analysis. Planning. Forecasting
65.2/4 Sectors and branches of the economy. Intersectoral complexes
65.5 World economy. International economic relations
65.6 Economy of developed countries
65.7 Economy of developing countries
65.8 Economy of socialist countries
65.9 Economy of individual countries and regions. Economy of the World Ocean
66 Politics. Political science
66.0 Political Science
66.1 History of political thought
66.2 Politics and the current political situation in general
66.3 Internal position. Domestic policy
66.4 International relations. Foreign policy. Diplomacy
66.6 Political movements and parties
66.7 Social movements and organizations
67 Law. Legal sciences
67.0 General theory of law
67.1 History of legal thought
67.3 History of state and law
67.4 Branch (special) legal sciences and branches of law
67.5 Branches of law adjacent to jurisprudence
67.7 Judicial authorities. Law enforcement agencies in general. Advocacy
67.9 International law. Law of individual countries
68 Military affairs. Military science
68.0 Military science in general
68.1 Military policy, military doctrines
68.2 Theory of military art
68.3 Military history
68.4/7 Armed forces
68.8 Military equipment. Military-technical and military-special sciences
68.9 Civil protection
71 Culture. Cultural studies
71.0 Theoretical (fundamental) cultural studies
71.1 Historical cultural studies
71.4 Applied cultural studies
72 Science. Scientific studies
72.3 History of science
72.4 Organization of science
72.5 Research activities
72.6 Scientists. Scientists
74 Public education. Pedagogical science
74.00 Theory and methods of education
74.02 Didactics
74.03 History of public education and pedagogical thought
74.04 Organization of education
74.1 Preschool education. Preschool pedagogy
74.2 General education school. School pedagogy
74.3 Adult education. Andragogy
74.4 Vocational and special education
74.5 Special schools. Corrective (special) pedagogy
74.6 Specialized branches of pedagogy
74.9 Family upbringing and education. Family pedagogy
75 Physical culture and sports
75.0 Medical and biological foundations of physical education and sports training
75.1 Theory and methodology of physical education and sports training
75.3 History of physical culture
75.4 Organization of physical culture
75.5 Games. Sport games
75.6 Gymnastics
75.7 Sports
75.8 Sports and health tourism. Mountaineering
76 Mass media (media). Book business
76.0 Mass media (media). Journalism
76.1 Book business. Bibliology
77 Cultural and leisure activities
78 Library, bibliographic and scientific information activities
78.0 Library, bibliographic and scientific information activities in general
78.3 - Librarianship. Library science
78.5 - Bibliography. Bibliography
78.6 - Scientific information activities
79 Protection of historical and cultural monuments. Museum work. Exhibition business. Archival matter
79.0 Protection of historical and cultural monuments
79.1 - Museum work. Museum studies
79.2 - Exhibitions. Exhibition business
79.3 - Archival work. Archival studies
80/84 Philological sciences. Fiction
80 Philological sciences in general
80.4 Special philologies
80.7 Rhetoric
80.9 Textual criticism
81 Linguistics
81.0 General linguistics
81.1 Applied linguistics
81.2/81.8 Private linguistics. Languages of the world
82 Folklore. Folkloristics
82.0 Theory of folklore
82.3 World folklore. Folklore of individual continents, countries and peoples
83 Literary Studies
83.0 Literary Theory
83.2 Literary criticism
83.3 World literature. Literature of individual countries and peoples
83.8 Children's literature
84 Fiction (works)
84(0) World literature (works)
84(2) Works of literature of Russia and the USSR
84(4) Literature of Europe (works)
84(5) Literature of Asia (works)
84(6) Literature of Africa (works)
84(7) Literature of America (works)
84(8) Literature of Australia and Oceania (works)
85 Art. Art history
85.03 History of art
85.1 Fine arts and architecture
85.30 Music and performing arts in general
85.31 Music
85.32 Dance
85.33 Theater
85.34 Mass performances and theatrical celebrations
85.35 Circus
85.36 Bandstand
85.37 Cinematic arts
85.38 Artistic radio broadcasting and artistic television
85.7 Other arts and forms
86 Religion
86.2 Religion in general. Religious Studies
86.3 Individual religions
86.4 Mysticism. Magic. Esoterics and occultism
86.7 Freethinking
87 Philosophy
87.0 Philosophy in general
87.1 Metaphysics. Ontology
87.2 Epistemology (epistemology). Philosophy of science
87.3 History of philosophy
87.4 Logic
87.5 Philosophical anthropology. Axiology
87.6 Social philosophy (Alternative. See 60.0)
87.7 Ethics
87.8 Aesthetics
88 Psychology
88.1 History of psychology
88.2 General psychology
88.21 Mental development
88.23 Psychophysiology
88.25 Mental processes
88.26 Psychology of activity, behavior
88.28 Psychology of states
88.3 Personality psychology
88.4 Developmental and developmental psychology
88.5 Social psychology
88.6 Educational psychology
88.7 Medical (clinical) psychology
88.71 Somatopsychology
88.72 Correctional (special) psychology
88.74 Pathopsychology
88.75 Neuropsychology
88.79 Psychology of medical practice
88.8 Psychology of work and professional activity
88.9 Practical (applied) psychology
88.91 Psychological diagnostics
88.92 Psychological counseling
88.93 Psychological correction
88.94 Psychotherapeutic influence
9 Literature of universal content
91 Bibliographical aids
92 Reference publications
94 Episodes. Collections
Library and bibliographic classification
Today Library and bibliographic classification (LBC)- National classification system of Russia recognized by foreign experts. LBC is the youngest of the universal classification systems and therefore best reflects the logic of development and structure of modern science.
These average tables of the Library and Bibliographic Classification (LBC) are the result of many years of work to improve the classification. Their publication marks the beginning of a new stage in the development of the LBC, which received the status of the National Classification System of Russia and became one of the largest universal systems in the world.
The use of LBC and other classification systems in Russia is regulated by a number of State standards for information, library and publishing.
Maintaining BBK (copyright)
In accordance with the 2000 agreement, copyright on the LBC is owned by 3 libraries - co-authors of the LBC:
The coordinating federal interdepartmental center for the management of the LBC is the Research Center for the Development of the LBC (SRC LBC), functioning as a division of the RSL. In accordance with copyright law, any publication related in one way or another to the LBC must be approved by the Scientific Research Center LBC.
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Introduction
These worksheets are intended for organizing library collections, systematic catalogs and card files.
Their main task is to reveal the content of printed works, present them in the form of a coherent scientifically based system of knowledge, and thereby make it as easy as possible for the reader to use library collections.
LBC tables for public libraries are an integral part of the LBC system, consisting of table options of varying degrees of detail and intended for libraries of different types. All of them are built on the same theoretical, methodological and scientific principles. For a detailed description of the principles of constructing the LBC, see the first edition of LBC tables for scientific libraries.
Fundamentals of BBK
The philosophical and methodological basis of the LBC is the classification of sciences and phenomena of reality, based on the principles of objectivity and development. It is expressed in a certain subordination of sciences, according to the classification of types of matter and forms of its movement, in the transition from lower to higher, from simple to complex. LBC includes intermediate, transitional sciences, sciences that study an object at a certain structural level, and reflects the ever-increasing processes of differentiation and integration of sciences.
It presents not only the system of sciences, but also the system of objects studied by sciences, not only scientific concepts, problems, disciplines, but also facts, events, problems of social life, branches of practical activity, types of art. The Tables also reflect the purpose of printed works, their type and form of publication.
The division of tables into departments and sections is based on various criteria: object of study, research method, purpose of knowledge, structure of the object, its properties, processes, relationships, territory, historical period, etc. At deeper levels of division, concepts are sometimes arranged according to the alphabet of names (alphabet of countries within a part of the world, etc.). At the same time, the LBC provides the opportunity to characterize the same concept on the basis of different characteristics, which makes it possible to more deeply. reveal the contents of printed works.
BBK structure
Basic tables.
LBC tables for public libraries consist of several types of tables: basic, general, territorial and special standard divisions. Their combination forms expanded tables.
The main row (first divisions) of the LBC should be headed by the department “General scientific and interdisciplinary knowledge.” The department is currently being developed. It is intended to reflect general scientific theories and concepts formed in modern scientific knowledge, trends that have emerged as a result of the integration of natural science, technology, socio-humanitarian knowledge (problems of general systems theory, computer science, cybernetics, global studies, human studies, etc.). The following departments cover three main areas of scientific knowledge: natural sciences, applied sciences (technology, agriculture, medicine), social sciences and humanities. The main series of LBC is closed by the department “Literature of universal content”. Second, third, fourth, etc. classification levels are formed by dividing divisions of the first level (main series) into subordinate groups of sciences, branches of activity, individual sciences, problems, topics. In the LBC tables for public libraries, individual natural and social sciences, which in the tables for scientific libraries are presented in the main row, are moved to the second level of division and are subordinated to generalizing classes. The main series of LBC tables for public libraries are indicated in Arabic numerals.
The first and second row of divisions of the LBC tables for public libraries collectively correspond to the main (first) row of tables for scientific libraries.
General scientific and interdisciplinary knowledge
2 Natural sciences
20 Natural sciences in general
22 Physical and mathematical sciences
24 Chemical Sciences
26 Earth sciences (geodetic, geophysical, geological and geographical sciences)
28 Biological Sciences
Technique. Technical science
Agriculture and forestry. Agricultural and Forestry Sciences
Healthcare. Medical Sciences
Social Sciences and Humanities
60 Social sciences in general
63 History. Historical Sciences
65 Economics. Economic Sciences
66 Politics. Political science
67 Law. Legal sciences
68 Military affairs. Military science
70/79 Culture. The science. Education
80/84 Philological sciences. Fiction
85 Art
86 Religion. Mystic. Freethinking
87 Philosophy
88 Psychology
Literature of universal content
library table classification index
The sequence of natural sciences corresponds to the classification of sciences according to the individual forms of movement of matter they study, first inorganic, then organic. Applied sciences provide a connection between the cycles of sciences devoted to nature and society, and are arranged according to the principle from simple to complex. Technology is placed at the head of applied sciences, as the leading branch of applied knowledge. It is followed by agriculture and forestry, followed by healthcare and medicine. The social and humanitarian cycle is grouped in the following sequence: from sciences that study society as a whole, to individual areas of social practice and various forms of spiritual and practical exploration of the world.
Sciences that arose as a result of the interpenetration of sciences and (or) lying at the intersection of two or three sciences are conventionally referred to in the LBC as one of them (agrobiology - to agriculture, biogeochemistry - to biology), and a reference is given from the other (or others). Complex science is dissected into parts, each of which relates to the corresponding “mother” science (microbiology to biology, medical microbiology to medicine, etc.), and from general science references are made to its branches, its particular disciplines.
System of standard divisions . The system of auxiliary or standard tables consists of tables of general and territorial standard divisions, standard divisions of social systems used in all departments of classification, and tables of special standard divisions serving individual industries Sci. T Type divisions help to highlight, uniformly place and designate literature of the same type in a systematic catalogue. For example, in all departments there may be books on the history of the issue, reference books, textbooks and so on. For each of these types of publications, special headings are provided, which are included in the table of general typical divisions. In those sections where the literature is combined on a regional (territorial) basis, territorial standard divisions are used. Special standard divisions are used to unify the construction of departments according to certain characteristics that are typical only for a given branch of knowledge.
The designations of standard tables differ from the indexes of the main table and do not have independent meaning, but are attached to the index of the main table directly or using symbols.
Some of the most necessary headings with typical divisions are presented in the text of the tables. Librarians can create other sections themselves.
General standard divisions (CTD)
The OTD table contains thematic (history of science, scientific and cultural relations, etc.) and formal (bibliographic aids, reference books, collections, etc.) divisions. The first row of OTD is indicated in lowercase letters of the Russian alphabet. The second, third and subsequent stages of division of the OTD are indicated by Arabic numerals.
DTD indexes are attached to the industry or topic index directly without any sign. For example, if you need to select algebra textbooks for high school, then the OTD index “ya72 Educational publications for high school” is added to the index “22.141 Elementary algebra” and the index 22.141ya72 is formed.
CTDs do not apply if there is a special index for this issue in the main table or in tables of special standard divisions. For example: “81.2Rus-922 Textbooks on the Russian language for secondary school”, and not 81.2Rus ya72; “74.03 History of education and pedagogical thought”, not 74g.
CTDs can be combined with indexes of the table of territorial standard divisions. For example, “5g(2) History of medicine and healthcare in Russia and the USSR.”
Territorial standard divisions (TTD)
TTD are intended for a uniform division of material on a regional basis. Designations of territorial concepts - numbers and letters of the Russian alphabet, uppercase and lowercase1 - are enclosed in parentheses. The objects of classification in the TTD table are territories and water areas of the globe.
The main divisions of the tables are highlighted according to physical and geographical characteristics: the whole world (the globe, the Earth with everything existing on it), parts of the world (land) and the World Ocean. The exceptions are the divisions “(2) Russia. USSR" and "(3) Foreign countries in general." Russia (and before the USSR) is located in two parts of the world (Europe and Asia) and cannot be represented as a whole under either of them.
Foreign countries in general are all countries except those represented in index (2) and occupy vast territories on all continents. Therefore, according to the classification methodology, they are given on the same level as parts of the world.
The parts of the world are located in the traditional sequence - Europe, Asia, Africa, America, Australia and Oceania.
TTD mainly reflect the modern political map of the world. All countries, regardless of their size and social structure, are located within parts of the world in alphabetical order of their names:
(4) Europe
(4Avs) Austria
(4Alb) Albania
Further detailing is carried out on a political-administrative and administrative-territorial basis. For this purpose, special standard divisions are used - (… - 2…) - (… - 9…). For example: “(4Lat-5) Regions of Latvia”, “(5Gru-6) Autonomous Republics of Georgia”. Special standard divisions can be combined with each other. For example: “(4Ukr-6Kry-2) Cities of Crimea.” Within countries, all administrative territories are also arranged alphabetically by their names. Large physical-geographical regions are represented using non-administrative divisions and are placed, in accordance with the sequence of characters adopted in the LBC, after the lists of countries:
(5Japan) Japan
(53) Western (Anterior) Asia
(531) Caucasus
The layout of the material according to physical and geographical characteristics allows us to reflect literature on such physical and geographical concepts as rivers, mountains, islands. For example: “26.23b (4Ukr, 30Karpaty) Cyclonic activity in the foothills of the Carpathians”, “(93.99) Islands of the Indian Ocean”.
TTD are added to the index of those divisions of the main tables or general standard divisions in which it is necessary to highlight material about individual countries, localities, and territories. For example: “60.7 (4) Population of Europe,” “30g (2) History of technology in Russia and the USSR.”
Typical divisions of social systems (SDS)
The TDS table is intended for a uniform division and designation of material based on the social system. The divisions of the tables are indicated in Arabic numerals with the identification sign apostrophe ("). TDS is not applied if there is a special index for this issue in the main tables. For example: “65.6 Economy of developed countries”, “65.7 Economy of developing countries”.
The application of TDS is disclosed in the detailed tables of section “66 Policy. Political Science". For example: "66.2 (0)"6 Politics and the current political situation of developed countries", where 66.2 is the division of the main tables, indicating politics and the current political situation," (0) - the TTD division, indicating the whole world, all countries; "6 - TDS division denoting the system of developed countries.
Other general typical concepts and typing methods
Tables of typical divisions reflect only part of the concepts that have general meaning. Other general concepts not included in these tables (temporal concepts, ethnic, linguistic, etc.) are, if possible, unified in terms of sequence, wording and indices. For example, periods of development of society as a whole, individual spheres of public life, and individual branches of science, which were repeated many times in different departments of the LBC, were agreed upon.
Special standard divisions (STD)
Unlike general and territorial standard divisions, STD are used only within one department or several sections of one branch of knowledge. A distinctive feature of STD is the sign - (hyphen) before their digital part. Special standard divisions are usually placed directly below the indexes of the sections they are intended to detail. In a number of sections of the main tables, single special typical divisions are sometimes used that are not allocated to the STD tables. In this case, a methodological instruction is placed under the appropriate index. For example, under the index “82 Folklore. Folkloristics" there is an indication: "In divisions 82, standard division -6 is used to highlight works of oral folk art (texts)"
Expanded tables
Each of the tables described above expresses some specific aspect of the consideration of phenomena. In cases where it is necessary to reflect their different aspects, the tables are combined with each other, forming complex indexes to express the corresponding concepts. We call a table that includes combined indexes an expanded table.
The main LBC table in all industry departments is, to one degree or another, combined with tables of standard divisions. The expanded table includes indices of general, territorial and special standard divisions.
“LBC Worksheets for Public Libraries” is largely presented in expanded tables. However, they contain the possibility of further formation of combined indices. For this purpose, the text of the tables has significantly expanded the methodological instructions on methods and techniques for constructing indexes using a system of auxiliary tables.
Connections and divisions in the LBC
Library and bibliographic classification inevitably breaks down phenomena, sciences, and problems. This requires establishing connections between disconnected concepts. Their types are diverse, and the ways of reflecting them are correspondingly diverse. Important connections are already expressed in the structure of the tables. The sequence of divisions of one level (one step) shows the relationship between the lower and higher, simple and complex; the subordination of particular concepts to more general ones reflects the relationship between the general and the particular; combining sciences into classes shows their connection in the subject of study. The system of standard divisions identifies and records connections common to all sciences, several sciences or one science. One of the important means of identifying broken connections in tables is an alphabetical subject index. However, it is impossible to express all the connections necessary for the LBC as an applied classification through an alphabetical subject index.
In cases where this cannot be expressed in the structure of the tables or when the solutions provided for by the structure are controversial, conditional, or one-sided, a system of references, references and guidelines is used.
The reference (abbreviated as “see”) shows that the literature on a given topic (subject, issue) is collected not in this department, but in another. For example, from the division “36.996 Special cooking” the reference is given: “Therapeutic nutrition, see 53.51.”
85.38 Artistic broadcasting and television
· See also: 76.03 Radio broadcasting. A television
85.335.42 Ballet theater
· See also: 85.335.41 Opera House
Methodological instructions are either a list of topics included in the rubric, or instructions about the nature and type of literature collected under this heading, instructions about the method of further subdividing the material, about demarcation with other headings. For example:
28.06 General morphology. General histology
· Shape and size of living organisms, symmetry, asymmetry, isomerism, coloring, etc. Histogenesis, histochemistry, histophysiology, etc.
22.68 Cosmogony
· General literature. For the origin and evolution of planets, planetary systems and the Solar System, see the indices of cosmic bodies and their systems. For example: origin of the Moon, see 22.654.1.
From the infinite number of connections, the compilers tried to select and reflect using the reference apparatus only those that have practical significance for library classification, i.e. allow us to obtain more complete information on this issue.
Indexing
LBC indexing is intended to ensure the practical use of tables for the systematic arrangement of library collections, for the organization of systematic catalogs and card files and alphabetical subject indexes to them. It must consolidate and show the order of its departments, the subordination and interrelation of its sections and headings, the individual index of each heading; ensure the compilation of combined indices; provide the opportunity to include new concepts in tables; provide indexes with expressiveness in style, memorability, and ease of pronunciation.
The LBC adopted logical indexing, organically connected with the structure of the classification. Such indexing makes it possible to detail the general concept, highlighting private, more fractional subdivisions by adding new signs to the existing indices on the right, and, conversely, allows, if necessary, to reduce the detail, subsuming particular concepts under more general ones, by discarding its final signs from the index.
The BBK indexing base is mixed (numeric and alphabetic). In addition to Arabic numerals, the following are used: period, colon, hyphen, parentheses, slash. In tables of general and territorial standard divisions, lowercase and uppercase letters of the Russian alphabet are used. The combination of all the signs in the indexing base is brought into a well-known system, in which each sign has its own place, purpose and meaning.
Arabic numerals are used to designate the main classes of LBC, in this case having an ordinal enumerative meaning (“2 Natural Sciences”, “3 Technology. Technical Sciences”); second, third and subsequent stages of division of the main tables; territorial standard divisions of a non-administrative nature (“(4) Europe”, “(9) World Ocean. Oceans and seas”) and in combination with letters of the Russian alphabet to designate states, union republics (“(5Japan) Japan”); the second and subsequent stages of division of general standard divisions (“ya2 Reference publications”); special standard divisions (“- 2 Grammar”).
Capital letters of the Russian alphabet are used to designate individual concepts, objects, territories, etc. when the material is arranged alphabetically, they are used in combination with numbers and have a mnemonic character (“(4Авс) Austria”).
Lowercase letters of the Russian alphabet are used to designate the main series of general typical divisions, having in this case an ordinal enumerative value (“g History of Science”, “y2 Reference publications”).
The dot is used as a dividing mark after the first two digits of the index, replacing the capital letter of the main divisions of the LBC version for scientific libraries (with the exception of the departments “4 Agriculture and Forestry”, “5 Health. Medical Sciences”, “9 Literature of Universal Content”), and also for better visibility and ease of pronunciation of the index, a dot is then placed after each group of numbers of three characters, counting from left to right (“22.151.1 Non-Euclidean geometries”, “74.900.6 Organization of the lives of children in the family”).
The hyphen is a distinctive feature of special standard divisions ("-4 Agricultural Technology" - section of the table of standard divisions given under index 42).
Parentheses are a distinctive feature of the indices of territorial typical divisions (“(5) Asia”).
The colon is used when combining indexes of headings of one main class with indexes of headings of other main classes (“91.9:85 Bibliographical aids on art”).
A slash is used to indicate a double index (“6/8 Social Sciences and Humanities”). Such headings are not working and cards are not placed behind separators with these indices.
The apostrophe is a distinctive feature of the indices of typical divisions of social systems ("6 Developed countries").
The square is used to indicate links and references.
Index sequence
The LBC has a certain conditional sequence of headings in tables and separators in the catalog. The order of indices on one division level:
Alphabetical subject index
In the alphabetical subject index, the characteristics of an object dispersed in tables are collected in one place, which makes it possible to reflect all questions in two sections: subject-wise - in the index and systematically - in tables. In this case, a single, organically interconnected whole is formed from the tables and index. In the index vocabulary, the concepts contained in the tables are expressed in their direct and inverted formulations. Along with concepts that are defined by one word or its synonym, there are those whose meaning is conveyed in several words, and sometimes in a whole phrase. Subject headings are given in singular or plural, in accordance with the tables.
In cases where the same concept is reflected in the index by synonyms, direct and inverted formulations, the term that is most widespread is selected for nest headings, and references are given from the rest. References to nested headings are given without indicating indexes, because nested headings include not one, but several indexes related to the heading.
In addition to nest headings indicating a specific index of the corresponding subject or reference headings referring to other subject headings, the index contains headings of a methodological nature. These headings explain where to look for a given item or question. For example:
History 63.3
bibliographical aids on I. 91.9:63 and see in divisions 63 methods of teaching in secondary schools 74.266.3 of individual sciences or subjects, see in the relevant divisions of the classificationFor questions about using the alphabetical subject index, see the preface to the alphabetical subject index.
Methodology of systematization
Systematization of printed works is their distribution depending on the content and other characteristics into departments and further divisions of the tables of the Library and Bibliographic Classification. To ensure the same approach to similar books and eliminate discrepancies in decision-making, systematization is carried out on the basis of specially developed principles, regulations and rules - based on a systematization methodology, which is divided into general and specific.
The general methodology is a set of provisions and rules used in systematizing the literature of all branches of knowledge. A particular methodology contains rules for systematizing literature on individual branches of knowledge or cycles of related sciences and is developed on the basis of the principles of the general methodology.
When developing the methodology, the compilers took into account that in public libraries the systematization of books is carried out mainly for the organization of funds, and not just systematic catalogs and card files.
In this publication, only the general method of systematization is given separately. The rules of the private methodology are included in the guidelines for the sections and subsections of the main tables.
General method of systematization
1. The determining principle for systematization is the content of the book. Features that are not directly related to the content act, as a rule, as secondary. For example, “Theory of Probability for Astronomers and Physicists” should be reflected in the mathematics department under the index “22.171 Theory of Probability”, and not in the astronomy department. The exception is when the tables themselves are divided by type of publication or reader's purpose.
The principle of scientific objectivity requires the librarian to disclose as fully as possible the content of a printed work and identify in it the most significant from a scientific point of view.
The basic principle of systematization is the preference for a particular, specific issue over a general one. For example, in section “22.3 Physics”, general literature on physical instruments used in many branches of physics is collected under index 22.3 p. Books on instruments used in certain branches of physics belong to the relevant branches. Literature on the chemical composition of individual natural objects - the earth's crust, water, air, soil, living organisms - refers to these objects, and not to the chemical sciences.
2. Repeated reflection of literature in a systematic catalog is used for multilateral disclosure of the contents of books. In public libraries, the method of repeated reflection is recommended to be used when systematizing particularly important materials from the point of view of their scientific value and relevance of the topic.
Books that cover two issues or subjects are repeatedly reflected. In this case, when determining the main index, it is taken into account, which is given more attention in the book. If there is no reason to give preference to one or another issue, then the work of print is assigned the index of the subject reflected first in the classification row, and additionally the index corresponding to the second subject.
3. Systematization of literature on the aspect of consideration of the subject, on the relationships and interconnections of the subject:
o Literature about a subject that relates to any field of knowledge or branch of practical activity, but is considered in the aspect of another field of knowledge or practical activity, refers to the science from the point of view of which the subject is considered. For example, literature on legal issues of agrarian reforms will receive the index “67.407 Land (agrarian) law. Mining Law. Forest law. Water law".
o Literature on the use of provisions, laws and methods of any science or branch of practice in other sciences or branches of practice refers to areas of application. So, for example, books on acoustics are collected in the corresponding subdivision of the section “22.3 Physics,” but literature on musical acoustics refers to music, and literature on electroacoustics refers to radio electronics. General literature on the practical application of a given science in many or several industries is collected in the general part of the section of the relevant science. So, to section “26.1 Geodetic sciences. Cartography" refers to general literature about applied geodesy in general. But books about geodetic work during land reclamation, construction, etc. belong to the corresponding divisions of the classification: “40.6 Agricultural reclamation”, “38.2 Surveys and design in construction”, etc. Sciences that are transitional, intermediate, are assigned to those branches from the needs of which they arose; Thus, astrophysics is classified under astronomy, biophysics - under biology, chemical technology - under the department of technical sciences.
o Literature about the influence, influence of the principles and rules of any science or branch of practice on other sciences or branches of practice refers to areas experiencing influence, influence. For example, if a work on glaciers and climate examines the influence of climate on glaciers, then the book will receive an index of 26.222.8, where literature on glaciers is collected.
4. Printed works of broad content, in which three or more subjects are considered or the subject is covered in three or more aspects, belong to the general heading. For example, books that simultaneously address issues of gardening, vegetable gardening and field cultivation belong to the general heading “42 Special (private) plant growing (without additional reflection in the catalog in private divisions).
Books that cover issues that do not receive a major place in the classification tables and are considered multilaterally, across a number of disciplines, usually belong to departments in which theoretical sciences are presented, or to departments where these issues are covered from the point of view of their use. For example, printed works in which minerals are characterized from the standpoint of various branches of knowledge and practical activity are systematized in sections of the natural sciences, and not in more highly specialized sections of applied sciences, where issues of their extraction, processing or use are presented. If a piece of print characterizes a children's toy as a whole, then it will be reflected in the sections of pedagogy, since a toy is a means of educating children.
If it is difficult to establish the main place in the catalog for a general publication on a problem considered in the context of several disciplines, then, based on the content, it is systematized under the index of the department that comes first in the classification series.
Works in which the presentation of a special scientific discipline is combined with the presentation of a more general discipline belong to a special, private discipline. Thus, the book “Botany with the Fundamentals of General Biology” should be reflected in the botany section.
Multi-volume publications are systematized according to their general content, and individual volumes with characteristic titles, for which additional bibliographic descriptions have been compiled, are re-displayed in accordance with their content.
5. Books covering the history of science (branch, subject) as a whole or several branches of science, if they cannot be classified in any branch section, are collected under the index “72.3 History of Science”. Literature on the history of individual branches of science or practical activity belongs to the corresponding sections of the classification. For books on the history of individual industries, under the index of each industry, headings with a typical division “g” are allocated, for example, “22. Zg History of Physics". In those departments where the history of a science or subject has an independent index (for example: “74.03 History of education and pedagogical thought”), the standard division “g” is not used.
6. Literature about the life and work of scientists, writers, artists, statesmen and public figures, etc. belongs to the relevant industry divisions of the classification.
Biographies of scientists whose activities are connected with many branches of science (for example, M.V. Lomonosov) are collected in the unit “72.3 History of Science”. Books about the activities of these scientists in only one branch of knowledge are reflected in the corresponding divisions of the classification. Thus, research on Lomonosov’s poetry should be classified as a section of literary criticism.
If a person has proven himself in various fields of activity, then the main place of literature about him will be in the section where the type of activity with which this person is mainly associated or in which this person has gained the greatest fame is presented. For example, the main place for literature about Leonardo da Vinci would be the index "85.143 (3) Paintings of foreign countries."
Sometimes books highlight a separate aspect of a person’s activity, which is of interest only as a fact of his biography. Books of this nature receive an index to the main section where literature about a given person is collected. For example, the book “L: Tolstoy and Chess” will receive an index of 83.3 (2Ros=Rus) 1.
In a systematic catalog, bibliographic descriptions of biographical works are recommended to be placed in the following order: general works on the history of science and collections of biographies are placed at the beginning in the general alphabet of their names. For the convenience of arranging cards in the catalog, the surname and initials of the person whose activities are covered in the book are indicated in their upper right corner (above the author's line); Another way is to o place a dividing card with a half-cut protrusion, on which, without repeating the index, indicate the surname and initials of the person.
7. In each department, where it is advisable to consider literature from a regional perspective, a division is allocated for literature about its region (region, district, city, village). It should be remembered that local history literature is collected not only in specially designated sections, but also in the corresponding divisions of the branch department. So, for example, literature on the history of one’s region is completely collected under the index 63.3 (2...) and at the same time reflected in the divisions of the corresponding periods of the history of Russia and the USSR.
If there is a local history catalog (card index), which, along with books, reflects articles, handwritten materials, photographs, etc., in a systematic catalog it is possible to collect only general local history literature in special divisions (“Agriculture of the Rostov Region”, etc.). In this case, references to the local history catalog (card index) must be provided from the regional sections of the systematic catalogue.
Characteristics of changes to individual sections
In the natural science cycle, the department “20 Natural Sciences in General” has undergone significant changes, especially the section “20.1 Man and the Environment. Protection of Nature". Since the 70s 20th century The science of “human ecology” is being formed, which studies the most general patterns of relationships between humans and the environment. Environmental issues have grown so much that it has become possible to talk about the greening of all scientific knowledge and environmental management. Scientists consider ecology to be interdisciplinary knowledge. Since in the LBC the department “1 General scientific and interdisciplinary knowledge” is only in the development stage (the content of the department, the principles of grouping the sciences included in it, the sequence of the sciences are not yet clear), the literature on human ecology and ecology in general is presented under the division “20.1 Man and environment. Human ecology. Ecology in general." The previous content of this section is reflected under the division “20.18 Rational environmental management. Environmental Protection". Some clarifications have been made in section “20.3 Anomalous phenomena in the environment. Ufology". Bioecology continues to be covered under 28 Biological Sciences. In the department “22 Physical and Mathematical Sciences” the changes are relatively small. They come down to clarifying methodological instructions, terminology, connections and demarcations. Changes have been made to section “22.1 Mathematics”: the divisions “22.10 Elementary Mathematics” and “22.11 Higher Mathematics” have been removed. Since educational literature is collected under these divisions, it is proposed to collect them under division 22.1 with the addition of the corresponding OTD i7. This change is of great importance for the work on optimizing the section “22.1 Mathematics”, since the indexing base for its main divisions was completely exhausted and did not allow the introduction of new sections of mathematics. The structure of the department “24 Chemical Sciences” is somewhat different from the full and regional version of the LBC. But it is logical, and therefore the decision was made to preserve it, giving detailed methodological instructions under many divisions. Particularly important are the additions made to section “24.5 Physical chemistry. Chemical Physics", which reflects such new directions as plasma chemistry, laser chemistry, cryochemistry, sound chemistry, etc. Department "26 Earth Sciences (geodetic, geophysical, geological and geographical spiders) has undergone significant changes: new divisions have been introduced at different levels, in In some sections, the indexing has been changed, the content of many subsections has been clarified, etc. A new main division “26.0 Earth as a whole” has been included, under which literature on the theory of the Earth, the interaction of its shells, etc. is collected. Cartography has been allocated as a separate index. Under the division “26.17 Cartography”, substantive and reference guidelines are given. Section 26.2 Geosciences includes many new concepts. In connection with the change in the structure of the sciences, the methodological instructions under the indices “26.221 Oceanology” and “26.23 Meteorology” have been changed. In the subsection “26.23 Meteorology” the centenary indexing has been removed - the indices have become shorter and more logical. The division “26.233 Atmospheric Physics” is highlighted. Division “26.234.6 Weather. Weather Forecasts" has been changed to "26.236 Synoptic Meteorology" because this branch of meteorology deals not only with weather, but also with the large-scale atmospheric circulation, cyclonic and anticyclonic activity with which weather and its forecasts are associated. The interaction of the ocean and the atmosphere, which would have been presented under 26.221 Oceanology, is classified under 26.233 Atmospheric Physics. Section “26.3 Geological Sciences” has been significantly modified. Centennial indexing has been removed, as in the meteorology section, and dynamic geology, tectonics, geocryology, and marine geology have been separated into independent indices. On the recommendation of scientists, tectonics and volcanology are subordinated to dynamic (physical) geology. In a number of cases, terminology has been clarified. Section “26.8 Geographical Sciences” has undergone almost no changes: methodological instructions and references have been clarified. Section “28 Biological Sciences” has changed significantly due to the reissue of issue 1988. VI “E Biological Sciences” (tables for scientific libraries). It was determined by the need to bring the scientific content of the tables into line with the current state of biological sciences. The tables include current research areas, new disciplines, problems, and topics. Among them are immunology, developmental biology, physicochemical, molecular, quantum biology, etc. Changes affected the structure of the tables: sections “28.8 Embryology, anatomy and histology of humans” and “28.9 Physiology, biophysics and biochemistry of animals and humans” were excluded from the main series. These sciences are reflected at lower levels of division. The main division “28.7 Anthropology” has been changed to “28.7 Human biology. Anthropology". The change in the basic series of biology provided a clearer structure of the main divisions, which are based on the sign “organism”. The sciences about organisms are arranged according to the principle from simple to complex: viruses, microorganisms, plants, animals, humans. Sections devoted to individual organisms are, as before, preceded by the section “28.0 General Biology,” which unites sciences involved in the study of life and individual organisms in general, and the section “28.1 Paleontology,” which studies all extinct organisms. Indexing, whenever possible, is preserved throughout. The section “28.0 General Biology” includes the division “28.01 Life and its origin”, a place has been found to reflect works on general histology (28.06), a new division “28.074 Immunology” has been included, the structure, indexing and content of the subsection ecology (bioecology) have changed to a large extent ). Subsections “28.085 Biogeography” and “28.087 Applied Biology” are included. Sections of virology, microbiology, botany, zoology and human biology are given in accordance with section “28.0 General Biology”. New terms have been introduced into the subsection “32.97 Computer Science” and new divisions have been included in accordance with the current state of computer technology. Changes in the department “4 Agriculture and Forestry. Agricultural and forestry sciences” are insignificant and do not affect the structure and indexing. They boil down to the introduction of new terms, clarification of methodological instructions and issues of demarcation. The greatest changes in content take place in subsection “43.4 Forestry”, in sections “44 Plant protection” and “47 Hunting. Fishery". Due to the large amount of literature on veterinary medicine, section “48.1 Animal hygiene and veterinary sanitation” is highlighted. The introduction of many concepts (such as cardiology and angiology, clinical lymphology, etc.), clarification of terminology made it possible to somewhat modernize the department “5 Healthcare. Medical Sciences". A place has been identified for emergency medical services in emergency situations and disaster medicine in general. The divisions “51.204.0 Formation of a healthy lifestyle of a person”, “52.63 Medical virology”, “53.584 Reflexology” are highlighted. Section “52.5 General Pathology” has been significantly updated. In accordance with the proposals of the systematizers, the long-standing issue of separating rheumatology into a separate section of clinical medicine (index 55.5) has been resolved. Due to the large amount of literature on section “57.0 Medical Sexology”, its details are given. Sections of the social sciences cycle have undergone significant changes. The main attention was paid to reflecting new issues and new terminology. In all departments of the cycle, the theoretical sections have been radically revised, and the division on ideological grounds into Marxist and non-Marxist literature has been removed. When developing departments, the compilers tried to reflect the views of scientists from various schools and areas. Particular attention is paid to the reflection of modern literature, and sections reflecting outdated (but not written off) literature are presented in the tables with a minimum number of divisions with reference to the second edition of the LBC tables for public libraries (1984, 1986). In the process of work, connections and demarcations were clarified both between departments and sections of the cycle, and with divisions beyond its boundaries. For example, from the department “67 Law. Legal Sciences" published literature on the theory of state and the history of political doctrines, which made it possible to collect in the department "66 Politics. Political Science" the entire range of literature on political issues and made it possible to limit the scope of the department to 67 issues of law and legal sciences, which is reflected in the new formulation of the department. Sections, the structure of which dispersed material that was homogeneous in topic across divisions of different countries and systems, have been completely restructured. This applies, first of all, to sectoral sections of law and divisions of special and sectoral economies. The section “60.5 Sociology” has been significantly expanded due to the large number of popular publications on this topic entering the collections of public libraries. New divisions have been introduced to reflect literature on social groups, sociology of personality, individual spheres of public life, and regional sociology. Section “63.3 History” has been significantly revised. The periodization of modern history has been changed, the chronological boundaries of a number of periods have been clarified. The STD table has been supplemented, divisions have been introduced" -7 Culture. Ideology. Life”, “-8 Personalities of state and socio-political figures”. Changes have been made to the methodology for separating literature between the departments of history and politics. The assignment of literature to one department or another no longer depends on conventional chronological dates, but is carried out taking into account the nature and content of publications. All works of a retrospective nature, including historical studies brought to the present day, belong to department 63.3. Publications that cover political life synchronously with their time (political journalism, etc.) are reflected in department 66. The methodology for reflecting material on the history of newly formed states (former union republics of the USSR) has been changed. Under the divisions of these countries, it was decided to reflect not only literature on the history of the country since the declaration of independence, but also publications reflecting the history of the country as a whole or for several periods. The history of those periods when the territory of a given country was part of another state is repeatedly reflected in the divisions of the history of that state. For example, literature on the history of Ukraine since 1991, as well as literature on the history of Ukraine in general, will be collected under the index 63.3 (4Ukr), but publications on the history of Ukraine from the moment of its reunification with Russia (1654) and until 1991 will be are also reflected in divisions 63.3 (2Uk) and the corresponding thematic divisions 63.3 (2). The methodology for systematizing literature about ancient states, the territory of which was part of the USSR, has also been changed. The division “63.3 (0) 31 Ancient East” from section 63.3 (2) 2 contains literature reflecting the history of the slave states of Transcaucasia and Central Asia (Northern Media, Caucasian Albania, Greco-Bactrian Kingdom, Margiana, Sogdiana, etc.). Publications on the history of the feudal states of Central Asia, which existed on the territory of the former USSR until the mid-19th century, are collected under the index “63.3 (5) History of Asia.” The material on the history of the Greek and Byzantine colonies of the Northern and Eastern Black Sea region has been regrouped. They are also excluded from the divisions of the history of the USSR and are reflected in the divisions of world history “63.3 (0) 32 Ancient World” and “63.3 (0) 4 Middle Ages”.
In the text of the tables, the wording of most divisions has been edited and the evaluation characteristics have been removed. In connection with the increased interest in the situation of compatriots abroad and the appearance of publications about various diasporas, a new division “63.3 (0=...) History of various peoples living dispersed” was introduced, where this literature is collected. Section “63.5 Ethnography (ethnology, ethnic studies)” is clarified conceptual apparatus, a place has been determined for related ethnographic disciplines. Section “65 Economics. Economic Sciences” has been structurally restructured. The content and wording of division “65.01 General economic theory” have been changed. A number of sectoral economics have changed, divisions “65.9 (2) 25 Prices and pricing”, “65.9 (2) 41 Procurement and purchase of products” have been removed, sections of domestic and foreign trade have been combined, a new complex “65.43 Economics of public catering” has been formed. Economics of the hotel industry. Economics of tourism". The subsection “65.49 Economics of the non-productive (socio-cultural) sphere” has been significantly expanded. Subsection “65.052 Accounting” has been completely revised. The divisions of special and sectoral economies are derived from the sections of the economics of systems and countries and are presented in a number of main divisions. In the structure of the tables, along with sectoral economies, the concepts of national economic complexes (military-industrial complex, agro-industrial complex, fuel and energy complex) are reflected. Tables of special standard divisions have been edited. Under the divisions of the world economy, systems and individual countries, only divisions characterizing the macroeconomic indicators of the economy are left. A number of changes have been made to the department “66 Politics. Political Science". The wording of the division “66.0 Theory of Politics. Political science". The guidelines characterizing the modern view of the subject field of this section have been significantly expanded. A section “66.1 History of Political Thought” has been introduced, which acts as a structural element of the system of political science and shows certain patterns and trends in the development of political knowledge. It reflects literature on schools and directions of political thought of the periods of modern and recent history: conservatism, liberalism, socialism, social democracy, etc., as well as various forms of manifestation of these directions. Index 66.1 also collects literature about the political views of scientists, writers, government and public figures who cannot be attributed to specific schools and directions of political thought. Sections of domestic, foreign and national policy (66. 2/66.5), while maintaining the same structure, were significantly updated in terms of content. In section “66.6 Political parties”, the division “66.69 (2Ros) Political parties and organizations of the Russian Federation” was introduced to reflect the literature on various parties operating in the territory of the Russian Federation.
Section “66.61 (2) Communist Party of the USSR” is presented in the “Worksheets...” in one division indicating the possibility of using, if necessary, details from the 2nd edition of the TMB. A similar technique was used in divisions 66.72 (2) and 66.75 (2). A new division “66.79 (2Ros) Other socio-political organizations of the Russian Federation” has also been introduced.
This edition has revised the grouping of branches of law. During the reworking of the department “67 Law. Legal Sciences”, the compilers adhered to the following principles: refusal to divide branches of law on the basis of social systems - the main division of literature becomes into branches of law, and within them - into legal institutions (within each branch, if necessary, tables of territorial standard divisions are used for further detail ); bringing divisions of branches of law and classification of legal institutions closer to international standards; revision of the structure of some branches of law; introduction of new concepts and institutions reflecting the level of modern development of legal science.
Division 67.404 combines civil and commercial law, as is customary in most countries of the world. This subsection also addresses issues of family law. The subsection has been significantly expanded, various forms of ownership are reflected in more detail.
Subsection 67.405, Labor and Social Security Law, has been significantly revised. It should be noted that literature on legal issues of maternal and child protection, state assistance to large families, single mothers, and children left without a family will be collected here, and not in family law, as was the case in the old scheme.
The division “67.406 Cooperative Law” was introduced, which reflects the literature on the legal regulation of all forms of the cooperative movement, including collective farm law.
Divisions devoted to issues of criminal law, criminology, and correctional labor law have undergone structural and substantive changes. Literature on criminal law is now reflected under division 67.408, on corrective labor law - under division 67.409. Forensic science is now reflected in the subdivision of the new section 67.5 “Branches of knowledge adjacent to jurisprudence.” A new division 67.7 has been included to systematize the literature on various judicial authorities. In the department “68 Military Affairs. Military Science" clarified the methodology for delimiting literature between this department and other divisions of the classification. Thus, the literature on the military budget, social security for military personnel, etc. transferred to the divisions of the department “65 Economics. Economic Sciences"; publications about border troops, border guards, internal troops - to the relevant units of section “67.401 Administrative Law”.
Some table divisions have been enlarged. Modern terminology is used in the formulation of divisions reflecting the literature on individual branches and types of troops.
The division index of military equipment has been changed. On the vacant index 68.9, a new subsection “Emergency Service” has been formed, reflecting literature on the activities of the Ministry of Emergency Situations, rescue services, human survival in extreme situations, etc.
In the department “70/79 Culture. The science. Enlightenment" section "71 Culture. Cultural construction" was replaced by the section "71 Culture. Culturology”, which collects literature on the general problems of culture, the most general patterns of its functioning and the methods of this multidimensional and very wide-ranging phenomenon.
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