Literary arguments for writing an essay in the Unified State Exam format. Learning to write an essay: Argumentation of one’s own opinion (How to argue correctly?) The problem of the meaning of human existence arguments

The meaning of human life is more a philosophical concept than a logical one. Every person on earth is unique - he is an individual. And as a person, he has a set of qualities unique to him, which form his character and worldview. Depending on temperament, upbringing and hereditary factors, a person’s life values ​​and views on certain issues are formed.

The meaning of life is laid down in the human mind in the process of life. Throughout life, the understanding of the meaning of life can change. So, for example, if in his youth a person sees the meaning of his life in having fun with friends, then by adulthood his values ​​can radically change, and he begins to see the meaning of life in family happiness, tranquility, and comfort.

It also happens that sometimes a person loses the meaning of his life. This is a complex and difficult test, during which he has to rethink his entire life in search of new meaning. After all, a person without the meaning of life is a spiritually dead person. Loss of meaning in life makes a person's life aimless and useless. Living such a life, a person simply cannot be happy. People have certain needs: food, sleep, communication, love. It is the satisfaction of needs that brings joy and satisfaction to human life. The meaning of life is nothing more than an irresistible desire to satisfy some need.

What is the meaning of human life? There is simply no clear answer to this question. Each person sees the meaning of life in something different: for some, the meaning of life lies in wealth and fame, some cannot live without their favorite job or hobby, and some simply live for the sake of their loved ones. Be that as it may, sometimes it is useful to think about the meaning of your own life. This helps you understand yourself, set specific goals in life and make every effort to achieve them.

Essay The meaning of human life (reasoning)

The meaning of a person’s life lies in the most different things that can be in the world. And it’s not always about money, wealth or love. For all people, all goals and ideas are different. Therefore, you cannot compare such things. The meaning of life - what is it anyway? This is something unknown that is different for everyone.

For me personally, the meaning of life is to love, live and simply enjoy our life, which does not matter how poor or seemingly unhappy it is. The meaning of life is different for everyone, and I always remember this, and therefore I never impose it on anyone. That is why I always want to remember that everyone always has their own meaning in life. And I don’t want to impose my thoughts and opinions on anyone.

The meaning of life is actually not as easy as it seems to find out. Sometimes it seems that love is everything for me, that is, the meaning of my life. But suddenly love disappears somewhere, or a loved one abandons and betrays you. And then - once, there is no meaning to life. But people live, live on and enjoy life, no matter what. This is precisely why people do not always fully understand in their lives why they live, why they live? And yet, they easily say what they think about this.

I believe that you can truly find out why you live, and what is most important to you, only when something is taken away from you, or someone disappears, that is, someone who was important, or something to be important. Only when they lose do people realize that they have lost a very important factor, a moment, in their lives. When you lose something, only then, at that moment, do you realize that you have lost something incredibly important in your life. And, as they say, we are given one life. Therefore, you should not play, as it is useless, and this, perhaps, adrenaline at that moment, will not bring joy in the future. After all, pride and inflated grades will not warm you in old age. Therefore, you should not make hasty conclusions.

Also, in addition to the most important thing, it is very important for me that my family, people close to me, as well as my friends, are always next to me. And the most important thing is that they are alive. And this is certainly true. My family is a part of me, and I am a part of them. And it seems to me that I won’t be able to bear it if something happens to them. That is why, to some extent, the meaning of my life. They appear too. And I don’t want my meaning in life to become work, career growth, or money. No, I just need ordinary human happiness, where there will be joys, but I can’t do without grief.

Essay on the topic The meaning of human life

What is a sense of life? Many people, many generations, have thought about this philosophical question, but no definite answer has been found. The fact is that each person has his own position, which mainly depends on the perception of life, values ​​and much more.

There are a lot of opinions, for some the meaning of life is fun, for others family. My position is this: the meaning of a person’s life lies in achieving goals, arranging life, which in the future will help bring something good and useful to the world. I will prove my point of view with the help of several arguments.

Firstly, throughout his life a person sets himself various goals that help him develop and get settled in life: finish school, go to college, read a big book or jump with a parachute. All these goals make up a person’s life, and its meaning becomes the fulfillment of dreams, the achievement of what is desired. It seems to me that from any side it turns out that the meaning of a person’s life is in his goals, he lives for the sake of their fulfillment, even if he himself does not notice it. For example, in order to fulfill one or another goal or dream, a person spends his time, and sometimes long periods of his life. Could this not be evidence?

Secondly, among society there are people called altruists. These are those individuals who are willing to make sacrifices for the sake of others. It is important for such people to help those who need their help. The meaning of life for such “heroes” is to bring as much benefit as possible during their lives. This desire is not accompanied by self-interest. Just to do more good, altruists set goals and achieve them. If you arrange your life, then you will be able to consistently help others. Everything is interconnected.

This question can even be considered using the example of the famous cosmonaut Alexei Leonov. Flying into space was his dream, which turned into the meaning of life. After problems with the unmanned ship, it was decided to postpone the launch of the main one. A. Leonov was not going to retreat; he walked towards his dream for a long time. Despite the great risk, A. Leonov, together with P. Belyaev, successfully completed the task and returned as heroes of the Soviet Union. If a person is not afraid to lose his life for the sake of a dream, then it is the meaning of his life.

Thus, my point of view is correct, the meaning of a person’s life is to fulfill dreams, achieve goals that are not only important in life, but also bring goodness. I would like to add that the meaning of life should lie in something important.

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To the question Help with an example from life (from history) on the topic of the meaning of life Essay on the Russian language (USE) given by the author Maru the best answer is In the process of creating an essay, review, essay, or oral statement, you need to substantiate the main idea (thesis) with arguments, quotes and examples relevant to the topic, which causes difficulties for schoolchildren.
Here are examples of theses, quotes and arguments on the following issues:
1) What is the meaning of life?
2) What is freedom, goodness, truth?
3) Happiness and perfection.
4) Evolution and revolution.
5) World nonsense and world meaning.
6) Self-knowledge.
7) Understanding the laws of life.
Possible theses:
1) The meaning of human life is in the knowledge of truth, faith, happiness...
2) Freedom is a conscious necessity.
3) Happiness is a finite goal, perfection is an endless goal.
4) The main contradictions of life are resolved through natural development.
5) Nonsense is only a disappearing shadow of meaning.
6) A person cognizes the world around him for self-knowledge, for the knowledge of eternal truths.
7) Living in time, we live in small things. Through the small we come into contact with the eternal.
Quotes:
1) You must love life more than the meaning of life (F. M. Dostoevsky).
2) Philosophers have only explained the world in different ways, but the point is to change it (K. Marx).
3) Freedom is the highest moral state of a person, when restrictions are necessary as manifestations of the same morality (Yu. Bondarev).
4) We see and know little, but happiness is given only to those who know (I. Bunin).
5) Revolution is like Saturn - it devours its children (G. Buchner).
6) What does it mean to know? This means becoming confident in something, having dug to a depth beyond which lies a layer of the next unknown depth (Yu. Bondarev).
7) He who lived with the best aspirations of his time lived for all times (F. Schiller).
Arguments:
1) What experience of the lyrical hero is expressed in A. S. Pushkin’s poem “The Prophet”? First of all, this is a feeling of anxiety caused by one’s previous poetic activity (“we are tormented by spiritual thirst...”). And this sense of responsibility to people is a feeling conditioned by an understanding of the prophetic role of the poet. A poet is a mortal man, like all people. But he is different from them: he is given the ability to see, hear, understand what an ordinary person does not see, does not hear, does not understand. This gives the prophet the right to “burn the hearts of people with his verb.”
2) Many heroes of Russian literature are looking for an answer to the question about the meaning of human life, about the role of man in history, about their place in life, they constantly doubt and reflect. Similar thoughts excite both Pushkin’s Onegin and the main character of M. Yu. Lermontov’s novel “Hero of Our Time” Pechorin: “Why did I live? for what purpose was I born?..” The tragedy of their fate is clearly understood “between the depth of nature and the pitifulness of actions” (V. G. Belinsky). Evgeny Bazarov goes further than his literary predecessors: he defends his beliefs. Raskolnikov even commits a crime to prove the correctness of his theory. There is something similar in the hero of M. Sholokhov’s novel “Quiet Don”: Grigory Melekhov, in search of truth, is capable of internal changes. He is not satisfied with “simple answers” ​​to the complex questions of time. All these heroes, of course, are different, but they are close in their restlessness, desire to understand life and determine their place in it.
3) In L.N. Tolstoy’s novel “War and Peace” the theme of the search for the meaning of life is revealed. In order to understand its interpretation, it is necessary to analyze the search paths of Pierre Bezukhov and Andrei Bolkonsky. Let's remember the happy moments in the life of Prince Andrei: Austerlitz, Prince Andrei's meeting with Pierre in Bogucharovo, the first meeting with Natasha... The goal of this path is to find the meaning of life, to understand oneself, one's true calling and place on earth. Prince Andrei and Pierre Bezukhov are happy when they come to the idea that their life should not be for themselves, that they must live in such a way that people do not live independently of their lives, so that they all live together.

...So what is the meaning of human existence? Isn't the answer in the question? Isn’t the point of man’s appearance on earth and in the Universe so that someone would ask? Yourself and the whole world: why are we and why is everything? If it is true that man is matter that has realized itself, has realized its existence, has seen itself from the outside, then who, except man, should ask: why? For what? For what?..

A stone will not be asked that it is a stone, a seagull will not be asked that it is a seagull... A person will be asked.

“A worm,” wrote one of Daniil Granin’s heroes, “in order to ‘make the earth’.”

“A man,” we say, “to ask.” And for the worm, and for the earth itself, ask: why everything? Why the earth and why the worm that “makes the earth”? And the most important “why” - why me, a man?

“Simply thinking about the meaning of life,” said Albert Schweitzer, “has value in itself.” A man looks at the sky, at the stars - he needs this because he is a man. He doesn't look like a mountain top, a tree, a cat. And he looks, asking for himself, and for the mountain, and for the cat: what and why?

What is the most important thing today, what are the most pressing issues? Aren't the eternal ones the most relevant? Yes, the very ones that we often thought about: they will wait, that’s why they are “eternal”!

A matter of life and death? - just think, we would care about your worries!

Now this is our concern, it is ours - about the life and death of the planet itself, firstly, and, secondly, of humanity, the person on it. And is there anything more important and relevant than such eternal questions?

The present is something that has always been willingly sacrificed for something: sometimes to the past, and sometimes to the future. After all, this moment is just a bridge for the “conservatives” to go into a cozy, sweet past for them, and for the “revolutionaries” to rush and carry them along into the future.

And the people who live today are necessarily worse than those of yesterday. And they are certainly far from those who will come tomorrow!

But it has never been so obvious that it all came down to them, today’s people. Whatever they are, it undoubtedly depends on them whether life will be preserved.

Today the truth is especially palpable: without the past, a person is not complete, without striving for the future, it is impossible for a person, but the main meaning of human existence is still that the present continues forever - a person lives and continues. The meaning of life is in life itself. After all, it may indeed turn out that man is the only being in the Universe who is aware of his existence and asks, asks, about the meaning and purposes of his own existence!

What is this for? - may I ask. - Why should they ask?

Let's wait billions of years and find out the answers to all the “whys”. The main thing is not to break the chain, not to let life end...

To reveal the problem, he uses a comparison: “a seagull will not be asked that it is a seagull... A person will be asked.” It is reflection on the meaning of life that distinguishes people from animals. Also, an equally important role is played by the author’s answer to the question “why is everything?”: “Let’s wait billions of years and find out the answers to all the “whys”.” With his statement A.M. Adamovich leads us to believe that humanity will never receive an answer to the most important eternal question.

Despite this, according to the author, “the meaning of life is in life itself.” The author's position is controversial for me. On the one hand, it is during his life that a person finds his own reasons to live, which are the purpose of his existence. But, on the other hand, the opposite statement will also be true: “life is in the meaning of life,” since the existence of a person who does not know why he lives is meaningless.

Confirmation of my position can be found in the novel “Eugene Onegin” by the great Russian writer Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin. Onegin, the main character of the work, is trying to find his meaning in life through new hobbies, but it is not possible to “build” him on false values. The lack of a true reason to live leads Eugene to the fact that he becomes indifferent to everything. Now he no longer lives, but simply exists. In this example, we see how the lack of meaning in life has a detrimental effect on the moral side of a person’s life, turning him into a shell that is living out its life.

Also, an argument confirming my point of view can be the work of the Argentine writer Guillermo Saccomanno “The Man from the Office”. All the people in the world of the novel are absolutely faceless, because they do not strive for anything and do not expect anything from their lives. They have wives they don't love, children they didn't want, jobs they hate. Due to the lack of meaning in life for the entire society, these people have long been spiritually dead, and are now one step away from complete extinction.

Summarizing what was written above, I would like to note that the presence of meaning in life is one of the reasons why a person can be called a human, and its absence leads to spiritual and moral degradation, making people like animals, blindly obeying instincts and performing one single function, given by nature.

1. I. S. Turgenev. "Mu Mu". The fate of the mute serf Gerasim and Tatiana is decided by the lady. A person has no rights. What could be more terrible?

2. I. S. Turgenev."Notes of a Hunter." In the story “Biryuk,” the main character, a forester nicknamed Biryuk, lives a miserable life, despite conscientiously fulfilling his duties. The social structure of life is unfair.

3. N. A. Nekrasov. The poem "The Railway" talks about who built the railway. These are workers who were subjected to merciless exploitation. The structure of life, where arbitrariness reigns, is worthy of condemnation. In the Poem “Reflections at the Front Entrance”: peasants came from distant villages with a petition to the nobleman, but they were not accepted and driven away. The authorities do not take into account the position of the people.

4. I. S. Turgenev"Notes of a Hunter." Everyone’s personality is important for the development of the state, but talented people are not always able to develop their abilities for the benefit of society. For example, in “Notes of a Hunter” by I.S. Turgenev there are people whose talents the country does not need. Yakov (“The Singers”) gets drunk in a tavern. Truth-seeker Mitya (“Odnodvorets Ovsyannikov”) stands up for the serfs. Forester Biryuk carries out his service responsibly, but lives in poverty. Such people turned out to be unnecessary. They even laugh at them. It's not fair.

5. Andrei Voznesensky “Foremen of the Spirit” (poem). A. Rosenbaum “Guliver” (song). The poems of many poets are devoted to depicting the problems of youth. Andrei Voznesensky argues that society does not need those who destroy Peterhof, but those who build them. Also, Alexander Rosenbaum’s song “Guliver” was written about our time, about everyday problems, about the lack of housing for many young people. The problem is very urgent. Indeed, life is not easy for young people now.

The problem of finding the meaning of life, the path of life. The problem of understanding (loss, gain) of the purpose of life. The problem of a false goal in life. (What is the meaning of human life?)

Abstracts

The meaning of human life lies in self-realization.

A high goal, service to ideals allows a person to reveal the powers inherent in him.

Serving the cause of life is the main goal of man.

The meaning of human life is in the knowledge of truth, faith, happiness...

A person cognizes the world around him for self-knowledge, for the knowledge of eternal truths.

Quotes

Need to live! At the last line! On the last line... (R. Rozhdestvensky).

“To live honestly, you have to struggle, get confused, struggle, make mistakes, start and quit, and start again, and quit again, and always struggle and lose. And calmness is spiritual meanness” (L. Tolstoy).

- “The meaning of life is not to satisfy your desires, but to have them” (M. Zoshchenko).

- “You must love life more than the meaning of life” (F.M. Dostoevsky).

- “Life, why were you given to me?” (A. Pushkin).

- “Without passions and contradictions there is no life” (V.G. Belinsky).

- “Life is boring without a moral goal” (F.M. Dostoevsky).

Literary arguments

In the novel L.N. Tolstoy's "War and Peace" reveals the theme of the search for the meaning of life. In order to understand its interpretation, it is necessary to analyze the search paths of Pierre Bezukhov and Andrei Bolkonsky. Let's remember the happy moments in the life of Prince Andrei: Austerlitz, Prince Andrei's meeting with Pierre in Bogucharovo, the first meeting with Natasha... The goal of this path is to find the meaning of life, to understand oneself, one's true calling and place on earth. Prince Andrei and Pierre Bezukhov are happy when they come to the idea that their lives should not be for them alone, that they must live in such a way that all people do not live independently of their lives, so that their lives are reflected on everyone and so that they all live together .

And A. Goncharov. "Oblomov." A good, kind, talented person, Ilya Oblomov, was unable to overcome himself and did not reveal his best traits. The absence of a high purpose in life leads to moral death. Even love could not save Oblomov.

M. Gorky in the play “At the Lower Depths” showed the drama of “former people” who have lost the strength to fight for their own sake. They hope for something good, understand that they need to live better, but do nothing to change their fate. It is no coincidence that the play begins in a rooming house and ends there.

“A person needs not three arshins of land, not an estate, but the entire globe. All of nature, where in the open space he could demonstrate all the properties of a free spirit,” wrote A.P. Chekhov. Life without a goal is a meaningless existence. But the goals are different, such as, for example, in the story “Gooseberry”. Its hero, Nikolai Ivanovich Chimsha-Himalayan, dreams of purchasing his own estate and planting gooseberries there. This goal consumes him entirely. In the end, he reaches her, but at the same time almost loses his human appearance (“he’s put on weight, he’s flabby... - just behold, he’ll grunt into the blanket”). A false goal, an obsession with the material, narrow, and limited, disfigures a person. He needs constant movement, development, excitement, improvement for life...

I. Bunin in the story “The Gentleman from San Francisco” showed the fate of a man who served false values. Wealth was his god, and this god he worshiped. But when the American millionaire died, it turned out that true happiness passed the man by: he died without ever knowing what life was.

Many heroes of Russian literature are looking for an answer to the question about the meaning of human life, about the role of man in history, about their place in life, they constantly doubt and reflect. Similar thoughts worry both Pushkin’s Onegin and the main character of the novel M.Yu. Lermontov “Hero of Our Time” Pechorin: “Why did I live? For what purpose was I born?..” The tragedy of their fate is clearly understood “between the depth of nature and the pitifulness of actions” (V.G. Belinsky).

Evgeny Bazarov (I.S. Turgenev. “Fathers and Sons”) goes further than his literary predecessors: he defends his beliefs. Raskolnikov even commits a crime to prove the correctness of his theory.

There is something similar in the hero of M. Sholokhov’s novel “Quiet Don”. Grigory Melekhov, in search of truth, is capable of internal changes. He is not satisfied with “simple answers” ​​to the complex questions of time. All these heroes, of course, are different, but they are close in their restlessness, desire to understand life and determine their place in it.

A. Platonov’s story “The Pit” touches on the problem of finding the meaning of life. The writer created a grotesque that testifies to the mass psychosis of universal obedience that has taken over the country! The main character Voshchev is the exponent of the author's position. Among the communist leaders and the dead masses, he doubted the human correctness of what was happening around him. Voshchev did not find the truth. Looking at the dying Nastya, he thinks: “Why now do we need the meaning of life and the truth of universal origin, if there is no little faithful person in whom the truth would be joy and movement?” Platonov wants to find out what exactly motivated the people who continued to dig the hole with such diligence!

A.P. Chekhov. The story “Ionych” (Dmitry Ionych Startsev)

M. Gorky. Stories “The Old Woman Izergil” (The Legend of Danko).

I. Bunin “Mr. from San Francisco.”

Possible introduction/conclusion

At a certain point in life, a person certainly thinks about who he is and why he came into this world. And everyone answers these questions differently. For some, life is a carefree movement with the flow, but there are also those who, making mistakes, doubting, suffering, rise to the heights of truth in search of the meaning of life.

Life is a movement along an endless road. Some travel along it “on official business”, asking questions: why did I live, for what purpose was I born? ("Hero of our time"). Others are frightened by this road, running to their wide sofa, because “life touches you everywhere, it gets you” (“Oblomov”). But there are also those who, making mistakes, doubting, suffering, rise to the heights of truth, finding their spiritual self. One of them is Pierre Bezukhov, the hero of the epic novel by L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace".

The problem of freedom of moral choice. The problem of choosing a life path. The problem of moral self-improvement. The problem of internal freedom (non-freedom). The problem of individual freedom and human responsibility to society.

Abstracts

It depends on each person what the world will be like: light or dark, good or evil.

Everything in the world is connected by invisible threads, and a careless act or an unexpected word can result in the most unpredictable consequences.

Remember your High human responsibility!

A person cannot be deprived of his freedom.

You can't force someone to be happy.

Freedom is a conscious necessity.

We are responsible for other people's lives.

Save while you can, and shine while you live!

A person comes into this world not to say what it is like, but to make it better.

Quotes

Everyone chooses a Woman, a religion, a path for themselves. To serve the devil or the prophet

Everyone chooses for themselves. (Yu. Levitansky)

Above this dark crowd of the Unawakened people, Will you ever rise, O Freedom, Will your golden ray shine?.. (F.I. Tyutchev)

- “Effort is a necessary condition for moral improvement” (L.N. Tolstoy).

- “You can’t even fall freely, because we are not falling in emptiness” (V.S. Vysotsky).

- “Freedom is that everyone can increase their share of love, and therefore good” (L.N. Tolstoy).

- “Freedom is not in not restraining oneself, but in being in control of oneself” (F. M. Dostoevsky).

- “Freedom of choice does not guarantee freedom of acquisition” (J. Wolfram).

- “Freedom is when no one and nothing prevents you from living honestly” (S. Yankovsky).

- “To live honestly, you have to rush, get confused, fight, make mistakes...” (L.N. Tolstoy).