Comprehensive analysis of economic activities with calculations. The concept of comprehensive analysis of economic activity. Name of asset items

2005

Introduction

Chapter 1. Theoretical foundations for analyzing the economic activities of an enterprise

Chapter 2. Comprehensive economic analysis of the economic activity of an enterprise using the example of LLC

2.3. Analysis of performance indicators and financial condition of the enterprise

2.6. Main directions for increasing the efficiency of the organization's activities

Conclusion

Introduction

Accordingly, the analysis of economic activity as an integral part of accounting in the broad sense of the word can be divided into financial and management analysis.

Analysis of economic activity - the study of various methods and means of production, financial and trading activities of enterprises. Such an analysis is aimed at identifying the magnitude and changes over time of economic indicators characterizing the production, circulation, consumption of products, goods, services, the efficiency of resource use, and the quality of the product produced. General analysis of the enterprise - analysis of indicators that allow you to characterize the problems of the enterprise from the point of view of personnel, equipment, technology, efficiency of production activities, sales, management and planning.

The market economy poses more and more new tasks for Russian business: increasing production efficiency, competitiveness of goods and services, improving management mechanisms, etc. An important role in solving these and many other problems is given to the economic analysis of the activities of business entities. With its help, strategies and tactics for business development are developed, plans are formed and management decisions are justified, their implementation is monitored, reserves for increasing production efficiency are identified, and the performance results of the entire enterprise, its divisions and each individual employee are assessed. This determines the relevance of the analysis of economic activity and the topic of the course work.

The goals of analysis are achieved as a result of solving a certain interrelated set of analytical problems. The analytical task is a specification of the goals of the analysis, taking into account the organizational, informational, technical and methodological capabilities of carrying out this analysis. The main factors are the volume and quality of the source information. It should be borne in mind that the periodic financial statements of an enterprise are only “raw” information prepared during the implementation of accounting procedures at the enterprise.

With its help, strategies and tactics for the development of the enterprise are developed, plans and management decisions are substantiated, their implementation is monitored, reserves for increasing production efficiency are identified, and the results of the activities of the enterprise, its divisions and employees are assessed.

Analysis of economic activity is an important element in the production management system, an effective means of identifying on-farm reserves, and the basis for the development of scientifically based plans and management decisions.

The role of analysis as a means of production management at the present stage is increasing. This is due to the need to steadily increase production efficiency due to the growing shortage and cost of raw materials, increasing knowledge intensity and capital intensity of production.

Thanks to economic analysis, the content of economic processes is revealed, which means it becomes possible to influence their course and final result. Only by revealing the cause-and-effect relationships of various aspects of activity, you can quickly and accurately determine the influence of one or another factor on the main results of economic activity, justify any management decision, calculate how the amount of profit, break-even sales volume, financial stability margin, unit cost of production will change when any production situation changes. Of course, all of the above indicators of an enterprise’s economic activity are of great importance for business development and require mandatory reflection and comprehensive analysis.

The object of analysis of the economic activity of an enterprise is precisely the economic results of the activity. The objects of analysis include such economic categories as: production and sales of products, their cost, use of material, labor and financial resources, financial results of production, financial condition of the enterprise

The purpose of the course work is to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the economic activities of STS-Austria LLC. The main activity of the company is the sale of office supplies.

In accordance with the goal, the following tasks are solved in the course work:

Study methods of analyzing the economic activities of an enterprise;

Analyze the information base of the analysis;

Conduct an analysis of the use of enterprise funds;

Conduct an analysis of the supply of labor resources;

Conduct an analysis of performance indicators and financial condition of the enterprise;

Conduct an analysis of the liquidity of the enterprise;

Conduct an analysis of the profitability of the enterprise;

Suggest the main directions for increasing the efficiency of the organization.

Methods for preparing coursework:

a set of dialectical methods (particular - special, quantity - quality, deduction, induction, system is part of a system, positive - negative, etc.);

methods for generalizing practical experience (comparison, quantitative assessment, time series analysis, etc.);

methods of information processing (editing, highlighting the main thing, etc.)

observation and survey methods.

The theoretical and methodological basis for writing the course work were scientific textbooks and monographs by Russian and foreign experts, publications of special periodicals, accounting reports and analytical materials of STS-Austria LLC.

Chapter 1. Theoretical foundations for analyzing the economic activities of an enterprise

1.1. Methods for analyzing the economic activity of an enterprise

The literature offers several approaches to methods for analyzing business activities. For example, A.D. Sheremet, R.S. Saifulin, E.V. Negashev offer the following options at the preliminary stage of analysis:

The main methods, in their opinion, are:

Horizontal - this method determines absolute and relative changes in the values of various balance sheet items for a certain period.

Vertical - calculation of the specific weight of individual items in the balance sheet, i.e. clarification of the structure of assets and liabilities as of a certain date.

Trend analysis consists of comparing the values of balance sheet items for a number of years (or other adjacent reporting periods) to identify trends that dominate the dynamics of indicators.

Ratio analysis - comes down to the study of the levels and dynamics of relative indicators, calculated as ratios of the values of balance sheet items or other absolute indicators obtained on the basis of reporting or accounting. When analyzing coefficients, their values are compared with basic values, which are used as:

theoretically substantiated or obtained as a result of expert surveys values of relative indicators characterizing optimal or critical values;

values of indicators of a given enterprise averaged over a time series;

the value of indicators calculated based on the reporting data of the most successful competitor;

industry average values of indicators.

The basic principle of analytical reading of financial statements is the deductive method, i.e. From general to specific. But it must be used repeatedly. In the course of such an analysis, the temporal and logical sequence of economic factors and events, the direction and strength of their influence on the results of operations are reproduced.

According to N.V. Kolchina, the following methods are used to carry out the analysis:

Comparison method - when the indicators of the reporting period are compared either with the planned ones or with the indicators for the previous period (baseline).

Grouping method - indicators are grouped and tabulated, which makes it possible to carry out analytical calculations, identify trends in the development of individual phenomena and their relationships, and identify factors influencing changes in indicators.

The method of chain substitutions consists of replacing a separate reporting indicator with a basic one, all other indicators remain unchanged. This method makes it possible to determine the influence of individual factors on the aggregate indicator.

N.V. Kolchina suggests using the following tools for financial analysis:

Financial ratios are relative indicators of the FSP, which express the relationship of one financial indicator to another. Such financial indicators are used to quantitatively characterize the financial condition, to compare the indicators of the financial condition of a particular enterprise with similar indicators of other enterprises or industry average indicators, to identify the dynamics of development of indicators and trends in changes in the FSP, to determine normal restrictions and criteria for various aspects of the financial condition. For example, in accordance with the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation “On some measures to implement legislation on the insolvency (bankruptcy) of an enterprise,” a system of criteria has been introduced to determine the unsatisfied structure of the balance sheet of insolvent enterprises. Such criteria are the current liquidity ratio, the coefficient of provision with own working capital, the coefficient of restoration (loss) of solvency. Their normal limits are determined - the maximum sizes.

Let us now consider the methodology for analyzing financial condition.

Preliminary assessment - includes assessing the reliability of information, reading information and general economic interpretation of financial statements. At this stage, it is necessary to assess the risk associated with the use of available information, draw general conclusions regarding the main indicators characterizing the amount of turnover of non-current assets, equity and working capital, identify the main trends in the behavior of indicators, and outline directions for deepening the analysis;

An important technique of this stage, according to some authors, for example, O.V. Efimova, is the formation of an analytical balance or a consolidated analytical net balance, which will then be used in all further calculations of financial indicators. The practical usefulness of this technique is due to the fact that the organization’s balance sheet requires clarification and a certain regrouping of items arising from an analytical approach to understanding current and non-current assets, equity and borrowed capital. The presence of an analytical balance allows you to avoid the need to make adjustments at the stage of calculating financial ratios. At the same time, a unified approach to determining individual elements of the balance sheet is ensured, which makes it possible to combine the financial indicators calculated on their basis into a single system. The analytical balance sheet is formed by regrouping individual items of current and non-current assets, capital and liabilities, as well as eliminating the influence of regulatory items on the balance sheet total and its structure.

Express analysis of the current financial condition includes the calculation of financial ratios and obtaining results from the perspective of assessing current and long-term solvency, business activity and profitability, as well as activity in the securities market;

The purpose of express analysis, according to V.V. Kovalev is a clear and simple assessment of the financial situation and dynamics of development of the enterprise. The point of express analysis is to select a small number of the most significant and relatively simple to calculate indicators and constantly monitor their dynamics. The selection is subjective and made by an analyst.

The financial condition of an enterprise can be assessed from the point of view of short-term and long-term prospects. In the first case, the criteria for assessing the financial condition are the liquidity and solvency of the enterprise, i.e. the ability to timely and fully make payments on short-term obligations. From a long-term perspective, the financial condition of an enterprise is characterized by the structure of sources of funds, the degree of dependence of the enterprise on external investors and creditors.

The main goal of analytical work at this stage is to draw the attention of the enterprise management, credit inspector or other decision maker to the fundamental points characterizing the financial condition of the enterprise, to formulate the main problems that need to be clarified in the process of further analysis.

In-depth financial analysis - involving the necessary internal and external information. Such an analysis can be carried out by a narrow circle of people who can characterize the causes of problems based on a detailed study of internal information. The purpose of the analysis is a more detailed description of the property and financial situation of an economic entity, the results of its activities in the past reporting period, as well as the development opportunities of the entity for the future. It specifies, complements and expands individual express analysis procedures.

Forecast analysis of key financial indicators taking into account decisions made and assessment of financial stability on this basis. The task of the analysis at this stage is to find out how past events and current trends, as well as newly made decisions, can affect the ability of the enterprise to maintain financial stability.

According to O.V. Efimova, the main purpose of predictive analysis of financial condition is to, through a preliminary study of current trends characterizing the current financial condition, substantiate the value of key indicators that determine the financial condition of the enterprise and its financial stability in the future. When making forecast calculations, the main attention should be paid to the results of the enterprise’s activities in the past (in this case, the assessment of the reliability of the results obtained is of paramount importance), as well as external and internal factors that can significantly affect it.

Based on these analysis techniques, a system of indicators for assessing the financial condition of the enterprise is derived.

The general assessment of the FSP is based on a whole system of indicators characterizing the structure of the sources of capital formation and its placement, the balance between the assets of the enterprise and the sources of their formation, the efficiency and intensity of the use of capital, the solvency and creditworthiness of the enterprise, etc. Therefore, the dynamics of each indicator are studied and comparisons are made with average and standard values.

Thus, based on the above, we can say that financial analysis is a method of assessing and forecasting the financial condition of an enterprise based on its financial statements. Financial condition, in turn, being a complex concept, depends on many factors and is characterized by a system of indicators that reflect the availability and allocation of funds, real and potential financial capabilities. Therefore, when analyzing financial condition, specific methods are used. They are very diverse, but have the following common features: a) assessment of the enterprise’s activities from the perspective of increasing production efficiency; b) determining the influence of individual factors on the final results of the enterprise. During the financial analysis, an assessment is made of the real financial position of the enterprise, possible reserves for its improvement are identified, and measures are developed to use these reserves. All this once again indicates that financial analysis at an enterprise should not be episodic, but systematic.

The purpose of financial analysis is to assess the financial results and financial condition of past activities reflected in the statements and at the time of analysis, as well as to assess the future potential of the enterprise, i.e. economic diagnostics of economic activity.

1.2. Analysis information base

The main sources of information for analysis are data from financial reporting forms Forms No. 1, No. 2, No. 3, No. 4, No. 5; if necessary, data from the business plan and other reporting forms are used in the analysis to identify factors that significantly influenced financial performance. Depending on how rationally an enterprise uses its financial resources and what directions they are allocated, the efficiency and final results of the financial and economic activities of this enterprise largely depend.

Accounting statements are a unified system of data on the property and financial position of an organization and the results of its economic activities, compiled on the basis of accounting data in established forms. The financial statements of an organization (except for budgetary and insurance organizations and banks) consist of:

Balance sheet (form 1);

Profit and loss statement (form 2);

Statement of changes in capital (f. Z);

Cash flow statement (form 4);

Appendixes to the balance sheet (form 5);

Explanatory note;

An audit report confirming the reliability of the organization’s financial statements, if they are subject to mandatory audit in accordance with federal law.

The contents and forms of the balance sheet, profit and loss statement, other reports and applications are applied consistently from one reporting period to another. In the financial statements, data on numerical indicators are provided for at least two years - the reporting year and the one preceding the reporting year. If they are not comparable with the data for the reporting period, they are subject to adjustment based on the rules established by regulations. Data that have been adjusted must be reflected in an explanatory note along with an indication of the reasons that caused this adjustment.

In the financial statements, after their approval, it is possible to change the data in which distortions were discovered, but offset between items of assets and liabilities, items of profit and loss, except in cases where such offset is provided for by the rules established by regulations, is unacceptable.

Organizations, based on the results of their economic activities, prepare monthly, quarterly and annual financial statements; monthly and quarterly financial statements are interim.

The reporting year for all organizations is from January 1 to December 31 of the calendar year inclusive. The first reporting year for created organizations is considered from the date of their state registration to December 31, for organizations created after October 1 - from the date of state registration to December 31 of the following year inclusive.

Chapter 2. Comprehensive economic analysis of the economic activity of an enterprise using the example of STS Austria LLC

2.1. Analysis of the use of enterprise funds

First of all, it is necessary to analyze changes in the structure of the enterprise's balance sheet. A detailed study of the balance sheet structure is presented in Table. 1.

Table 1

Comparative analytical balance "Constant-A" for 2003-2004.

Balance indicator	Absolute values thousand rubles		Specific gravities, %	Changes(+,-)
						In % of the 2003 value	In % of the change in total balance
				In absolute terms	In specific gravity, %	In % of the 2003 value	In % of the change in total balance

1.Non-current assets
2. Current assets

Accounts receivable
Cash
Other current assets		1317


3. Capital and reserves
4. Long-term loans and borrowings
5. Accounts payable

Based on the balance study, the following positive trends can be noted:

1) reduction in the share of non-current assets;

2) growth in the share of current assets;

3) growth in the share of cash;

4) reducing the share of accounts receivable;

5) increase in balance sheet currency.

Negative trends include the following:

1) increase in the share of reserves

2) an increase in the share of accounts payable and a reduction in the share of equity capital in sources of funds.

The decrease in the share of non-current assets in the balance sheet structure was due to the sale of unused fixed assets. The reduction in accounts receivable occurred due to the tightening of the policy for selling products on credit. The growth of accounts payable can be considered as a positive fact from the point of view of attracting free sources of lending.

The main objectives of analyzing the use of fixed production assets are: studying the availability of a fleet of machines, mechanisms, equipment; studying the movement of OPF, the degree of their suitability, the possibility of reinvention (full restoration); identification of losses due to extensive and intensive factors of use; analysis of the efficiency of equipment use; determination of reserves for growth in production volume based on the results obtained.

The main sources of analysis information are: technical documentation; equipment passports; operational accounting data on the degree of equipment utilization (in terms of time and labor productivity); indicators of the effectiveness of the use of OPF; documentation from the chief mechanic's department on the condition of the equipment; reports on the availability and movement of OPF; defective statements; other primary documentation.

During the reporting period, the enterprise acquired fixed assets in the amount of 5024 thousand rubles, and disposed of them in the amount of 1988 thousand rubles.

The OPF renewal coefficient reflects the intensity of the renewal of fixed assets during the reporting period.

Kobn = Sp/Skp = 5024/10524 =0.47

where Cn is the cost of received OPF;

SKP - the cost of OPF at the end of the period.

The renewal of fixed assets in 2004 amounted to 47% due to the acquisition of new office equipment, warehouse and office equipment

The OPF retirement ratio characterizes the share of fixed production assets that left the production sector during the reporting period.

Kvyb = St / Snp = 1988/7488 = 0.27

where St is the cost of retired general purpose pension funds;

SNP - the cost of OPF at the beginning of the period.

The share of those who left the production sector in 2004 was 27%. This happened due to the sale of unused warehouse equipment and road transport.

The OPF growth rate characterizes the level of growth of fixed assets for a certain period and is calculated as the ratio of the cost of growth of fixed assets to their value at the beginning of the period:

Kpr = Spr / Snp = 3036/7488 = 0.41

where Spr is the amount of increase in the general fund.

Thus, the total value of fixed assets increased by 41%

The wear coefficient of OPF (Kizn) was:

Kizn = Sizn / Sp = 1579/9067 = 0.174

where Cizn is the amount of depreciation of the OPF;

Sp - the initial cost of the OPF.

The average depreciation rate is calculated as the ratio of the amount of depreciation charges for the year to the original cost of fixed assets and intangible assets at the beginning of the year. Depreciation charges for fixed assets and intangible assets for 2004 amounted to 1,579 thousand rubles. The average depreciation rate is 17.4%.

The capital-labor ratio shows the cost of fixed assets per employee (FV):

FV = Ссг/СНППП = (10524+7488)/2/32 = 281.4 thousand rubles.

where Ссг is the average annual cost of open pension fund.

Capital productivity (CR) is the most important general indicator of the effectiveness of the use of general fund. This indicator shows how many products (in value terms) were produced per 1 ruble of the cost of fixed production assets:

FO = Vvp / Csg = 108061/((10524+7488)/2)=11.99

To increase capital productivity, it is necessary that the growth rate of labor productivity outpace the growth rate of capital-labor ratio

Capital intensity (FE) shows how much fixed assets were spent to produce 1 ruble of products:

FE = 1 / FO = 1/11.99=0.08

2.2. Analysis of labor supply

The main objectives of analyzing the supply of labor resources are: studying the availability of labor, its qualification composition, compliance with its type of work; assessing the possibility of improving the professional training of the workforce; assessment of the efficiency of use of labor resources; identifying factors for increasing labor productivity, increasing the efficiency of using labor resources; assessment of internal reserves. The main sources of analysis information are: reports on the implementation of planned labor targets; reports on the actual status for a certain period (in the absence of planned targets); primary documents at sites and divisions; statistical reporting on labor for the quarter, year; report on the use of labor (working time log, report on the movement of labor).

An analysis of the enterprise's labor resources is presented in Table. 2:

Table 2.

Analysis of the enterprise's supply of labor resources

	According to the report (actually)	For the previous year	Actual percentage
				To previous year
Incl. primary activity

Managers

Sales specialists
Warehouse specialists

Analysis of the table data allows us to conclude that the number of personnel in the organization increased by 28% over the year. The most significant increase in the number of sales specialists was by 60%, warehouse specialists by 43% and accounting and internal control service employees by 25%. The increase in the number of personnel is associated with the expansion of the company's activities and an increase in sales volumes. At the same time, a comparison of actual data with planned data revealed a shortage of sales specialists (2 people) and loaders (1 person). In practice, this leads to an increase in the workload of staff, the performance of additional duties that do not correspond to job descriptions and an increase in working hours.

In the process of analysis, it is necessary to study changes in the structure of the enterprise personnel according to the following indicators:

Table 3

Analysis of changes in the structure of labor resources

	Personnel structure
	For the previous year	Planned task	Actually
	Number, persons	Number, persons	Number, persons
Incl. primary activity

Managers
Management specialists (lawyer, secretary)
Sales specialists
Warehouse specialists
Accountants, economists, auditors
Service personnel (loaders)

An analysis of the personnel structure allows us to conclude that the largest share (40%) falls on warehouse specialists, 32% falls on sales specialists. During the period under review, the share of warehouse specialists and sales specialists increased by 12%, while the share of accounting and internal control service employees increased by only 4%, and the share of service personnel did not change.

During the year, 10 new employees were hired, the number of people who quit was 3, and the number of specialists who worked the entire year was 22 people. The main reasons for dismissals are dissatisfaction with wages, long working hours and lack of career prospects.

The turnover coefficient for hiring employees (Cop) was:

Kop = Kpp / SChp = 10/(25/2+32/2)= 0.35,

where KPP is the number of hired personnel;

SChp - average number of personnel.

The turnover ratio for the retirement of employees (Kow) was:

Kov = Kup / SChp = 3/(25/2+32/2)=0.1

where Kup is the number of employees who quit.

The staff persistence coefficient (Kpost) was:

Kpost = Kg / SChp = 22/(25/2+32/2) = 0.77

where Kg is the number of employees who worked the whole year.

In 2003, the annual wage fund amounted to 8 million rubles, and in 2004, 9.6 million rubles. Labor productivity also increased and amounted to 108.44 thousand rubles per person in 2003, and 131.31 thousand rubles per person in 2004. The growth rate of labor productivity must outpace the growth rate of wages, so it is important to determine the Production Efficiency Rate (the growth rate of labor productivity to the growth rate of wages) (Cap):

Cap = Ipt / Izp = (131.31/108.44)/(9.6/8)= 1.009083

where Ipt is the labor productivity index;

Iзп - wage index.

Since the production efficiency coefficient is greater than 1, it is possible to determine the economic effect of changes in labor productivity and wage growth (E):

E = FZPf * (1 - (1 / Cap)) = 9.6 * (1-1/1.009083) = 0.086 million rubles.

where FZPf is the actual wage fund.

This indicator determines the amount of savings (overspending) due to changes in the ratio of growth in labor productivity and wages.

Sales of marketable products per 1 ruble of wages (WW) in 2003 and 2004 were respectively:

Ptp(2003) = TP / FZPf = 68.4/8 = 8.55

Ptp(2004) = TP / FZPf = 108/9.6=11.25

The amount of gross profit per ruble of wages (Pw) in 2003 and 2004 was respectively:

Pv(2003) = Vvp / FZPf = 3.6/8 = 0.45

Pv(2004) = Vvp / FZPf = 5.5/9.6 = 0.57

where Vвп is the volume of gross profit for the reporting period, rub.

The amount of net profit per ruble of wages in 2003 and 2004 was respectively:

Pch(2003) = Vchp / FZPf = 2.7/8 = 0.34

Pch(2004) = Vchp / FZPf = 4.2/9.6 = 0.44

where Vпп is the volume of net profit for the reporting period, rub.

2.3. Analysis of performance indicators and financial condition of the enterprise

The economic essence of the financial condition of an enterprise is the provision of its reserves and costs with the sources of their formation.

To analyze financial stability, it is necessary to calculate an indicator such as surplus or shortage of funds for the formation of reserves and costs, which is calculated as the difference between the amount of sources of funds and the amount of reserves. Therefore, for analysis, first of all, it is necessary to determine the size of the sources of funds available to the enterprise for the formation of its reserves and costs.

In order to characterize the sources of funds for the formation of reserves and costs, indicators are used that reflect different degrees of coverage of types of sources. Among them:

1. Availability of the EU's own working capital. This indicator is calculated using the following formula:

Ec = K - Av,

EU 03 = 19866 - 7488 = 12378

EU 04 = 25730 - 10524 = 15206

where K is capital and reserves;

Ав - non-current assets.

2. The total value of the main sources of formation of reserves and costs Eо:

Eo = Ec + M,

Ео 03 = 12378 + 2247 = 14625

Ео 04 = 15206 + 1527 = 16733

where M are loans and borrowings.

Based on the above indicators, indicators of the supply of reserves and costs of the sources of their formation are calculated.

1. Surplus (+) or shortage (-) of own working capital ±EC:

±Ec=Ec - 3,

±Ec03 = 12378 - 15510 = - 3132

±Ec04 = 15206 - 26272 = - 11066

where Z is reserves.

In this case, the lack of own working capital is critical, and there is a tendency for it to worsen.

2. Excess (+) or deficiency (-) of the total amount of the main sources for the formation of reserves and costs ±E°:

±Eo = E° - Z.

±Eo03 = 14625 - 15510 = - 885

±Eo04 = 16733 - 26272 = - 9539

After the formation of reserves, the enterprise still has sources of funds, which it uses to finance current assets.

According to the degree of financial stability of the enterprise, four types of situations are possible:

1. Absolute stability. This situation is possible under the following conditions:

3 < Ес + М,

2. Normal stability, guaranteeing the solvency of the enterprise, is possible provided:

3. An unstable financial condition is associated with a violation of solvency and occurs under the condition:

3 = Ec + M + I°,

where Io are sources that ease financial tension (temporarily available own funds, borrowed funds, bank loans for temporary replenishment of working capital and other borrowed funds).

4. Crisis financial condition:

3 > Ec + M,

2003: 15510  14625

2004: 26272  16733

The calculation of these indicators and the determination of situations based on them made it possible to reveal that STS-Austria LLC is in a difficult financial situation.

After calculating the availability and surplus (shortage) of funds for the formation of reserves and costs of the enterprise, it is recommended to draw up a table for analyzing financial stability. In relation to the enterprise we took as an example, the following indicators are entered into the table (see Table 4).

Table 4

Analysis of the financial stability of STS-Austria LLC 2002-2004, thousand rubles.

Financial indicator	Change (+,-)	Growth rate, % 2004 by 2003
Financial indicator	2003 by 2004	Growth rate, % 2004 by 2003
1. Capital and reserves
2. Non-current assets
3. Long-term loans and borrowings
4. Availability of own working capital (page 1 + page 3 - page 2)
5. Short-term loans and borrowings
6. The total value of the main sources of reserves and costs (page 4 + page 5)

8. Surplus (+) or deficiency (-) of own working capital (page 4 - page 7)
9. Excess (+) or deficiency (-) of the total amount of the main sources of reserves and costs (p. 6 - p. 7)

According to the table, it can be seen that the enterprise STS-Austria LLC is experiencing a lack of its own working capital and the total value of the main sources for the formation of reserves and costs from 2003 to 2004. This does not speak in favor of the financial stability of the enterprise.

A number of financial ratios are also used to characterize the solvency and financial stability of an enterprise.

Average monthly revenue - an indicator characterizes the volume of income of the organization for the period under review and determines the main financial resource of the organization, which is used to carry out business activities, including to fulfill obligations. Average monthly revenue, considered in comparison with similar indicators of other organizations, characterizes the scale of the organization's business.

The formula for calculating average monthly revenue is calculated as the ratio of the revenue received by the organization during the reporting period to the number of months in the reporting period of its production and trading activities.

The structure of debts and methods of lending to an organization are characterized by the distribution of the indicator “overall degree of solvency” into debt ratios for bank loans and loans, other organizations, the fiscal system, and internal debt. The distortion of the debt structure towards commodity loans from other organizations, hidden lending due to non-payments to the state fiscal system and debt on internal payments negatively characterizes the economic activity of the organization.

This ratio shows how much current liabilities are covered by the organization's current assets. In addition, the indicator characterizes the payment capabilities of the organization, subject to the repayment of all receivables (including non-recoverable ones) and the sale of existing inventories (including illiquid assets).

To calculate the indicator, the cost of all current assets in the form of inventories, accounts receivable, short-term financial investments, cash and other current assets is divided by the current liabilities of the organization.

The coefficient of autonomy (financial independence) is determined by the ratio of the cost of capital and reserves of the organization, cleared of losses, to the amount of the organization's funds in the form of non-current and current assets. This indicator determines the share of the organization’s assets that are covered by its own capital (provided by its own sources of formation). The remaining share of assets is covered by borrowed funds. The indicator characterizes the ratio of the organization's own and borrowed capital.

The autonomy coefficient is calculated as the quotient of equity capital divided by the amount of the organization's assets.

The formula for calculating the working capital ratio is calculated by dividing the organization's current assets by average monthly revenue and characterizes the volume of current assets expressed in the organization's average monthly income, as well as its turnover.

Average monthly revenue 2003 = 68444/12 = 5703 nsc. rub.

Average monthly revenue 2004 = 108061/12 = 9005 thousand rubles.

Solvency degree 2003 = 13631/5703 = 2.4

Degree of solvency 2004 = 25984/9005 = 2.9

Coverage factor current liabilities 2003 = 26009/11384 =2.28

Coverage factor current liabilities 2004 = 41190/24457 = 1.68

Autonomy coefficient 2003 = 19866/33497 = 0.59

Autonomy coefficient 2004 =25730/51714=0.49

Supply ratio rev. funds 2003 = 26009/5703 = 4.56

Supply ratio rev. funds 2004 = 41190/9005 = 4.57

Efficiency of non-working capital 2003 =5703/7488=0.76

Efficiency of non-working capital 2003 =9005/10524=0.86

Table 5

Analysis of solvency and financial stability indicators for 2003-2004.

Index		Change (+,-)
Index		2004 to 2003
1. Average monthly revenue	Revenue/Analyzed period
2. General level of solvency.
3. Coverage ratio of current liabilities to current assets
4. Autonomy (financial independence) coefficient
5. Working capital ratio
6. Efficiency of non-working capital (capital productivity)

Based on the data in Table 8, conclusions can be drawn.

During the compared period, there was an increase in the absolute value of average monthly revenue by more than 1.5 times. The main factors for increasing revenue are inflationary processes in the economy.

Table 5 shows that the timing of possible repayment of debt to creditors, taking into account the volume of borrowed funds and average monthly revenue, is at an unsatisfactory level and has practically not changed.

During the analyzed period, there was a decrease in the ratio of covering current liabilities with current assets.

In 2004, compared to 2003, the indicator decreased to 1.68 to 2.28 pp. - 2003, which indicates a decrease in the level of liquidity of assets and an increase in the organization’s losses. The provision of current assets is insufficient to conduct business activities and timely repay short-term obligations.

The lower the value of the working capital ratio, the higher the rate of use of working capital. The turnover rate of funds invested in current assets decreased by 1.1 percentage points, which indicates a decrease in the efficiency and marketing policy of the organization.

During the analyzed period, there was a decrease in the ratio of covering current liabilities with current assets. This indicates a decrease in the level of liquidity of assets and an increase in the organization’s losses. The provision of current assets is insufficient to conduct business activities and timely repay short-term obligations.

2.4. Enterprise liquidity analysis

For the purposes of a general assessment of liquidity, it is advisable to group balance sheet items into groups based on the liquidity of assets and the maturity of liabilities.

Liquidity is understood as the possibility of selling material and other assets and converting them into cash. According to the degree of liquidity, the property of an enterprise can be divided into 4 groups:

1) A1 - first-class liquid assets (cash and short-term financial investments);

2) A2 - easily realizable assets (accounts receivable, finished products and goods)

3) A3 - average realizable assets (inventory, animals for growing and fattening, small business, work in progress, distribution costs)

4) A4 - hard-to-sell or illiquid assets (intangible assets, fixed assets and equipment for installation, capital and long-term financial investments).

First-class liquid assets, easily realizable assets and medium-realizable assets form current assets.

Balance sheet liabilities according to the degree of their urgency and repayment can be grouped as follows:

1) P1 - the most urgent obligations (accounts payable);

2) P2 - short-term liabilities (short-term loans, borrowings)

3) P3 - long-term loans and borrowings, lease obligations, etc.

4) P4 - permanent liabilities (own funds)

The amount A1, A2, A3 corresponds to the value of current assets (TA)

The grouping of assets and liabilities of STS-Austria LLC is presented in table. 6.

Table 6

Balance sheet liquidity indicators of STS-Austria LLC for 2003 - 2004.

		Payment surplus or deficiency	As a percentage of the total value of the liability group

1. The most liquid assets (A1), thousand rubles.	1. Most urgent obligations (P1), thousand rubles.
2. Quickly realizable assets (A2), thousand rubles.	2. Short-term liabilities (P2), thousand rubles.
3. Slowly selling assets (A3), thousand rubles.	3. Long-term liabilities (P3), thousand rubles.
4. Hard-to-sell assets (A4), thousand rubles.	4. Constant liabilities (P4), thousand rubles.

The balance is considered absolutely liquid if: A1>=P1, A2>=P2, A3>=P3, A4<=П4. На основе выше приведенных данных можно сделать вывод, что баланс предприятия ООО «СТС-Австрия» не является абсолютно ликвидным.

To assess solvency, it is advisable to calculate the following coefficients:

1) Absolute liquidity ratio (the ratio of the amount of cash and short-term financial investments (A1) to short-term liabilities (P1)).

2) Intermediate coverage ratio or quick liquidity ratio (the ratio of the total amount of cash, short-term financial investments, accounts receivable, cost of finished products and goods to short-term liabilities). The optimal value is from 0.2 to 0.6.

3) General coverage ratio or current ratio (the ratio of the total amount of inventories and costs (excluding deferred expenses), cash, short-term financial investments and receivables to short-term liabilities). The optimal value is from 1.0 to 3.0.

Absolute liquidity ratio 2003 =285/11384=0.03

Absolute liquidity ratio 2004 =7969/24457=0.33

Intermediate coefficient coverage 2003 =(285+9524)/(11384+0)=0.86

Intermediate coefficient coverage 2004 =(7969+5632)/(24457+0)=0.56

General coefficient coverage 2003 = (285+9524+16200)/(11384+0)=2.28

General coefficient coverage 2004 =(7969+5632+27589)/(24457+0)=1.68

Table 7

Liquidity indicators

In 2004, the absolute liquidity ratio increased to 0.33, which corresponds to standard values. The intermediate coverage ratio dropped to 0.56 and no longer met accepted standards. The overall coverage ratio was 1.68, which is lower than in 2003, but consistent with regulatory indicators. Thus, we can conclude that the company is characterized by a relatively stable financial condition in terms of liquidity.

2.5. Enterprise profitability analysis

To assess the profitability of the enterprise, the following indicators are calculated: 1) Return on assets ratio:

Rai = (Pp/Ac)*100, where Rai is the return on assets (property); Pp - profit at the disposal of the enterprise (f No. 2);

Ас - average value of assets (calculated according to balance sheet data).

This ratio measures the profitability of a business relative to its assets. The higher the return on assets, the more skillfully management uses the company's resources. It is important that the average value of assets for the period is used for the calculation, and not their size at the end of the year, since profit is earned throughout the year, and not just at a single point in time. This ratio is most useful for analyzing businesses within the same industry, but not when making comparisons between different industries.

Return on equity allows you to determine the efficiency of using the capital invested by the owners and compare it with the possible profit from investing these funds in other securities. Shows how much profit is received from each unit of money invested by the owners of the enterprise. This indicator serves as an important criterion when assessing the level of stock quotes on the stock exchange. 2) Return on current assets ratio:

Rta = (Pp/Ast)*100, where Rta is the return on current assets; Pp - profit at the disposal of the enterprise (f No. 2); Ast is the average value of current assets (calculated according to balance sheet data). 3) Return on equity:

Rsk = (Pp/Iss)*100, where Rsk is return on equity; Iss - sources of own funds.

This ratio shows how much income investments in a given business bring to investors. Those who have invested their funds for a long term are primarily interested in its growth, because it characterizes how effectively their own capital is used. Like return on assets, it is more appropriate to calculate this ratio using the average equity value for the period, since some of the profits are reinvested throughout the year. 4) Profitability of products sold:

Рп=(Пп/Вр)*100, where Рп - product profitability; Вр - sales revenue.

Net profit per unit of sales reflects the amount of net profit from the production activities of the enterprise (after interest and taxes) per unit of sales.

Indicators for calculation are presented in table 8

Table 8

Indicators for calculating profitability

Indicators

Current assets
Sources of own funds

Net profit at the disposal of the enterprise

Return on assets 2003 = 2711/33497 = 8.093

Return on assets 2004 = 4202/51714 = 8.125

Return on current assets 2003 = 2711/25319 = 10.707

Return on current assets 2004 = 4202/39873 = 10.538

Return on equity 2003 = 2711/19866 = 13.646

Return on equity 2004 = 4202/25730 = 16.331

Product profitability 2003 = 2711/68444 = 3.961

Product profitability 2004 = 4202/102577 = 4.096

The calculated values of profitability indicators are presented in table. 9.

Table 9

Dynamics of profitability indicators

	Indicators				Deviations
	Return on assets				0,03
	Return on current assets				0,17
	Return on equity				2,68
	Product profitability				0,14

The dynamics of indicators indicate an increase in return on assets, current assets, equity capital, and products compared to the previous year. Return on assets increased from 8.093% to 8.125%, return on equity from 13.646% to 16.331%. Product profitability increased by 0.14% from 3.961% to 4.096%.

2.6. Main directions for increasing the efficiency of the organization's activities

The analysis showed that, despite the profitable activities of the enterprise, there are some problems in the financial condition of the enterprise. First of all, it should be noted that liquidity indicators are below standard values, and in terms of financial stability indicators, the enterprise is characterized by an unstable financial position.

The program for improving the financial condition of the enterprise includes 3 stages:

Stage 1: Restoring solvency

1.1. Carrying out an inventory of assets and liabilities

1.2. Creating a payment calendar

1.3. Converting low-liquidity assets into cash, or using them to repay short-term liabilities (or sale of assets)

1.4. Conversion of short-term debt into long-term debt

1.5. Refusal of the Founders to receive the Company's profit for the coming year and use it to pay off accounts payable

Stage 2: Restoring financial stability

2.1. Reduce costs and reduce current financial needs

2.2. Optimization of the number of employees

2.3. Repurchase of debt obligations at a discount

2.4. Conversion of debt obligations into authorized capital

2.5. Attracting advances from customers

Stage 3: Ensuring long-term financial balance

3.1. Implementation of marketing activities

3.2. Attracting investments

Any company has the potential to improve the financial and management performance of sales activities. As a rule, the sales efficiency of an enterprise depends on:

the company’s knowledge of its product/service and position in the market, compliance of the company’s actions with market trends;

quality of construction of internal management processes and procedures (sales management);

quality of work of sales department employees: the degree of their cohesion around a common goal, motivation, professional skills, etc. To improve the sales activities of an enterprise, work can be carried out in the relevant areas:

conducting marketing research;

building optimal sales management procedures;

work with company personnel: motivation, training, creating a “team”.

Building optimal sales management procedures includes the following steps:

1. Improving the effectiveness of the marketing/sales strategy. It is advisable in cases where:

pre-planned actions to increase sales or increase costs for sales activities do not bring tangible benefits;

product sales volumes have stabilized or even decreased;

there are uncontrolled rises/declines in product sales volumes;

The actions of the marketing/sales department often conflict with the activities of other departments.

2. Increasing the efficiency of marketing/sales procedures. It is necessary in cases where the work of the marketing/sales department with goods, sales, advertising, sales promotion system, etc. does not bring the desired (planned) results.

3. Establishment of sales/marketing monitoring at the enterprise. Suitable in cases where:

it is difficult to objectively assess the quality of work of the marketing/sales division as a whole or its individual employees;

it is difficult to objectively assess the success of the chosen marketing/sales strategy for the enterprise;

it is important to evaluate the effectiveness of marketing activities;

the manager needs information to make operational decisions;

criteria are required for fairly objective incentives for employees or the department as a whole.

The results of joint work in these areas can be:

increasing the company's manageability;

development of the company's marketing/sales strategy;

increasing volumes and sales markets;

expansion of product range;

building effective interaction between the marketing/sales department and others;

a system for assessing the performance of a marketing/sales division or individual employees of a division.

Working with personnel is advisable in cases where:

any changes are introduced to the current operation of the enterprise;

it is necessary to increase the efficiency of the enterprise as a whole or its individual divisions.

Conclusion

After analyzing the economic activities of STS-Austria LLC, the following conclusions can be drawn. In general, the company operates successfully with profits that increase from year to year. So in 2003, the enterprise's net profit amounted to 2,711 thousand rubles, and in 2004 - 4,202 thousand rubles, which is 55% more than in the previous year. The dynamics of profitability indicators indicate an increase in return on assets, current assets, equity capital, and products compared to the previous year. Return on assets increased from 8.093% to 8.125%, return on equity from 13.646% to 16.331%. Product profitability increased by 0.14% from 3.961% to 4.096%.

Currently, the number of personnel of the enterprise is 32 people, and the average monthly salary of one employee is 25 thousand rubles, which is certainly a good indicator. In 2003, the annual wage fund amounted to 8 million rubles, and in 2004, 9.6 million rubles. Labor productivity also increased and amounted to 108.44 thousand rubles per person in 2003, and 131.31 thousand rubles per person in 2004. The production efficiency coefficient (the rate of increase in labor productivity to the rate of increase in wages) was 1.009. This indicates that the growth rate of labor productivity exceeds the growth rate of wages. The economic effect from changes in labor productivity and wage growth amounted to 0.086 million rubles.

During the reporting period, the enterprise acquired fixed assets in the amount of 5024 thousand rubles, and disposed of them in the amount of 1988 thousand rubles. The renewal of fixed assets in 2004 amounted to 47% due to the acquisition of new office equipment, warehouse and office equipment. The share of those who left the production sector in 2004 was 27%. This happened due to the sale of unused warehouse equipment and road transport. Depreciation charges for fixed assets and intangible assets for 2004 amounted to 1,579 thousand rubles. The average depreciation rate is 17.4%. The capital-labor ratio amounted to 281.4 thousand rubles. per employee, and capital productivity is 11.99 rubles.

The enterprise STS-Austria LLC is experiencing a lack of its own working capital and the total value of the main sources of inventory formation and costs from 2003 to 2004. This does not speak in favor of the financial stability of the enterprise. Also, an analysis of accounting data showed that the balance sheet of the enterprise STS-Austria LLC is not absolutely liquid. In 2004, the absolute liquidity ratio increased to 0.33, which corresponds to standard values. The intermediate coverage ratio dropped to 0.56 and no longer met accepted standards. The overall coverage ratio was 1.68, which is lower than in 2003, but consistent with regulatory indicators. Thus, we can conclude that the company is characterized by a relatively stable financial condition in terms of liquidity.

The enterprise needs to formulate the financial policy of the enterprise. The main task at this stage for the analyzed enterprise is the transition to financial management based on an analysis of the financial and economic state, taking into account the setting of strategic goals for the enterprise and the search for ways to achieve them. It is necessary to develop measures to reduce non-monetary forms of payment or establish their optimal critical level, analyze the position of the enterprise in the market and develop a strategy for the development of the enterprise.

The company needs to analyze the most acceptable option for obtaining a bank loan, draw up a repayment plan for borrowed funds and calculate the amount of interest, taking into account the specifics of profit taxation. Security for loans taken can be ensured in the following ways:

Increase the share of liquid assets - at the same time, the profitability of the enterprise decreases due to the possibility of investing in low-profit assets;

Extending the terms for which loans are issued to an enterprise - in this case, profitability will decrease if interest payments are made during the period of availability of own funds.

To create a more stable basis for making more stable financial and economic decisions, an enterprise needs to determine cost accounting by groups: variable costs, fixed costs, mixed costs. It is necessary to reduce the cost of products, improve the quality of products, rationally organize the production process, which will increase its competitiveness. This policy will allow the enterprise to successfully compete and develop steadily in the market environment.

List of sources used

Bakanov M.I., Sheremet A.D. Theory of economic analysis: Textbook. - M.: Finance, 2004. - 325 p.

Basovsky L.E. Theory of economic analysis. - M.: "Infra-M", 2005.

Basovsky L.E., Luneva A.M., Basovsky A.L. Economic analysis: Comprehensive economic analysis of economic activity. - M.: "INFRA-M", 2004.

Belov A.A., Belov A.N. Accounting: Theory and practice. - M.: "Book World", 2004. p. 747.

Blinova T.V., Zhuravlev V.N. Accounting. - M.: "Forum", 2004, p. 253

Bogataya I.N. Accounting. - M.: "Phoenix", 2004. p. 608.

Bocharov V.V. Comprehensive financial analysis. - St. Petersburg: "Peter", 2005.

Bocharov V.V. The financial analysis. - St. Petersburg: "Peter", 2005.

Gilyarovskaya L.T., Lysenko D.V., Endovitsky D.A. Comprehensive economic analysis of economic activity. - M.: "Prospekt", 2006.

Dontsova L.V. Analysis of financial statements: Workshop. - M.: "DIS", 2004.

Ionova A.F., Selezneva N.N. Analysis of the financial and economic activities of the organization. - M.: "Accounting", 2005.

Kovalev V.V. Financial analysis: methods and procedures. - M.: "Finance and Statistics", 2005.

Lyubushin N.P. Comprehensive economic analysis of economic activity. - M.: "UNITY", 2005.

Marenkov N.L. Accounting and financial reporting in commercial organizations. - M.: Exam, 2004.

Melnik M.V., editor. Economic analysis of financial and economic activities. - M.: "Economist", 2004.

Miller N.N. Financial analysis in questions and answers. - M.: "Prospekt", 2005.

Posherstnik N.V., Meiksin M.S. Annual financial report. - M.: "Gerda", 2004.

Chechevitsyna L.N., Chuev I.N. Analysis of financial and economic activities. - M.: "Publishing House Dashkov and K", 2005.

Chuev I.N., Chechevitsyna L.N. Analysis of financial and economic activities. - M.: "Phoenix", 2004.

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Federal state educational budgetary institution

higher professional education

"Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation"

(Financial University)

Tula branch of the Financial University

Test

discipline: “Economic analysis”

Option #5

Completed: 5th year student

Faculty: FiK

Directions: Bachelor of Economics

Groups: daytime

Pereponova E.K.

ld. No. 11fld41649

Checked: Kalyanov A.Yu.

Tula 2014

Exercise 1

Task 2

Task 3

Task 4

Task 5

Task 6

Task 7

Bibliography

Exercise 1

Based on the balance sheet data (Appendix 1), analyze and evaluate the dynamics of the composition and structure of the organization’s assets and liabilities. Data on the property status and sources of financing of the organization's assets are reflected in table. 1.

Table 1

Structural and dynamic analysis of the organization’s assets and liabilities

Index

Balance balances,

Change

thousand roubles. (+,-)

Growth rate
(decrease), %

Asset structure
and liabilities, %

Change, % (+,-)

ASSETS

I. NON-CURRENT ASSETS

Intangible assets

Research and development results

Intangible search assets

Material prospecting assets

Fixed assets

Profitable investments in material assets

Financial investments

Deferred tax assets

Other noncurrent assets

TOTAL for section I

II. CURRENT ASSETS

Value added tax on purchased assets

Accounts receivable

Financial investments (excluding cash equivalents)

Cash and cash equivalents

Other current assets

TOTAL for section II

BALANCE

LIABILITIES

III. CAPITAL AND RESERVES

Authorized capital (share capital, authorized capital, contributions of partners)

Own shares purchased from shareholders

Revaluation of non-current assets

Additional capital (without revaluation)

Reserve capital

Retained earnings (uncovered loss)

TOTAL for Section III

IV. LONG TERM DUTIES

TOTAL for section IV

V. SHORT-TERM LIABILITIES

Borrowed funds

Accounts payable

revenue of the future periods

Estimated liabilities

Other obligations

TOTAL for Section V

BALANCE

The data in Table 1 shows that the total turnover of business assets, that is, assets for the period 2011 - 2013. increased by 15,514 rubles. (88778-73264) or by 82% (73264/88778*100) due to an increase in the volume of non-current assets by 30,487 rubles. (62926-32439), although current assets, on the contrary, decreased by 14,973 rubles. (40 825-25 852) . In other words, the property mass increased mainly due to the growth of non-current assets; consequently, the organization is strengthening its material and production base. liability expense profit organization

If we compare only 2012 and 2013, we see the following situation: the total turnover of economic assets during this period decreased by 67 rubles. (88,778-88,845) or by 0.08% due to a decrease in the volume of non-current assets by 1,794 rubles. (62926-64720), but during this period there was an increase in current assets by 1,727 rubles. (25852-24125). This means that the more mobile part of the organization’s assets has increased, which has a positive effect on the liquidity of its funds.

Analysis of the passive part of the balance sheet shows that for the period 2011-2013. there was an increase in short-term liabilities by 6,925 rubles. (26831-19906) due to an increase in accounts payable, and capital and reserves in the amount of RUB 8,589. (61947-53358).

Task 2

Based on the financial results report (Appendix 2), generate the organization’s income and expenses, analyze and evaluate their structure and dynamics. These estimates of the organization's income and expenses are reflected in table. 2.

table 2 Analysis of the dynamics of income and expenses of the organization

	Change
Index	thousand	thousand

1. Income of the organization - Total, including:
1.1.Sales revenue
1.2. Interest receivable
1.3. Income from participation in other organizations
1.4. Other income
2. Organizational expenses- Total, including:
2.1. Cost of sales
2.2. Business expenses
2.3. Administrative expenses
2.4. Percentage to be paid
2.5. other expenses
2.6.Current income tax

Calculation of the main indicators for assessing the organization’s income and expenses
	Change
1. Income per 1 rub. assets, rub.
2. Sales revenue of 1 rub. income
3. Income per 1 rub. expenses, rub.
4.Profitability of expenses,%
5. Sales consumption, rub.

Calculations:

1. Income per 1 rub. assets is the ratio of an organization's income to the amount of its assets. The amount of income per 1 rub. the organization's assets in 2012 amounted to 0.59 rubles. (52374/88845), in 2013 this figure increased by 0.09 rubles. and began to amount to 0.68 rubles (60477/88778).

2. Sales revenue of 1 rub. income - It is the ratio of sales revenue to the organization's income. The amount of revenue per 1 rub. sales in 2012 were equal to 0.97 rubles, and in 2013 they decreased by 0.013 rubles. and began to amount to 0.96 rubles.

3. Income per 1 rub. expenses is the ratio of an organization's income to its expenses. The amount of income per 1 rub. expenses in 2013 decreased by 0.12 rubles. compared to 2012

4. Cost return - This is the percentage ratio of net profit to the organization's expenses. Cost profitability decreased by 1.25% in 2013 compared to 2012.

5. Sales consumption intensity is the ratio of the sum of cost of sales, selling expenses and administrative expenses to sales revenue. This ratio determines the share of total expenses in sales revenue. In 2012, the share of expenses in sales revenue was 0.89 rubles. in 2013 it increased by 0.026 rubles.

Based on the calculation of the main indicators for assessing income and expenses, we can say that in 2013, compared to 2012, the organization’s expenses increased, and their profitability decreased by 1.25%. Consequently, the organization’s income decreased.

Task 3

Using the data from the financial results report (Appendix 2), analyze the size, composition and structure of the organization’s profit.

The calculations are summarized in table. 3.

Ttable 3 Analysis of the organization's profit dynamics

Indicators	Absolute value, rub.	Pace growth (below nia),%	Specific gravity (%) to arrived before taxation
	2012	2013	Treason tion	2012	2013	Izme opinion

1.Profit (loss) up to taxation
including:
2.Gross profit
3.Profit (loss) from
4.Financial result from other operations
5. Current tax on profit, reduced by the amount deferred tax
6.Net profit				71 ,38

Kd/r = All income / All expenses >1

Kd/r = (58092 +2375 +10) / (53210+117+4185+799)=

60477/58311= 1,04>1

Since the coefficient is greater than one, the activity of the enterprise for a given period is effective.

Task 4

According to the balance sheet (Appendix 1), the financial results report (Appendix 2) calculate the influence of factors on changes in profitability of assets: the share of current assets in total assets, the turnover ratio of current assets, return on sales (Table 4).

Table 4 Calculation of the influence of factors on changes in the profitability of an organization’s assets

Index		Change-

Initial data
1.Profit (loss) from sales, thousand rubles.
2. Average annual value of current assets,
3.Revenue, thousand rubles.
4. Average annual value of assets, thousand rubles.
Calculation data
5. Return on assets, %
6. Share of current assets in the total value assets, coefficient
7. Turnover of current assets, vol.
8. Return on sales, %
Calculation of the influence of factors
9. Influence on changes in return on assets of factors - total, % including:
a) the share of current assets in total assets
b) turnover of current assets
c) profitability of sales	-1, 69
Balance of deviations, %

Solution: Let us calculate the average annual value of current assets and the average annual value of assets for the initial data. We will take the volumes of net profit and revenue from the balance sheet (Appendix 1). Calculations are made using the formula (using assets as an example):

Where A- assets;

A N.G.- the amount of assets at the beginning of the corresponding year;

A K.G.- the amount of assets at the end of the corresponding year.

The change (+,-) is calculated using the formula (using assets as an example):

Let's calculate the calculated data:

1) find the return on assets

Where R P- revenue from sales.

This indicator characterizes the profitability of the organization and shows the efficiency of using assets.

2) the share of current assets in total assets

Where, IN- average annual values of current assets and assets.

This indicator characterizes the structure of assets.

3) turnover of current assets

Where N- sales revenue.

The turnover of current assets is measured in revolutions.

4) profitability of sales

Return on sales characterizes the efficiency of an organization.

The influence of factors on changes in return on assets will be calculated using the chain substitution method. Let's create a model:

Return on assets is the product of 3 factors.

1) Let’s find the influence of the share of current assets on return on assets:

2) find the influence of turnover of current assets:

3) find the effect of return on sales:

4) draw up a balance of deviations:

1.94 + 2.03- 1.69 = -1.6 (correct)

Thus, the change in return on sales had the greatest impact on the change in return on assets. A -2.6% drop in return on sales caused a drop in return on assets of 8.2%. The acceleration of turnover of current assets led to an increase in return on assets by 2.03%. The decrease in the share of current assets in assets reduced the return on assets by -1.94%. The total impact of factors is negative and amounts to -1.6%.

Task 5

Based on the initial data (Table 5.1.), select the structure of production and sales of products in order to obtain the greatest profit (Table 5.2). Fixed costs for all options are the same and amount to 98 thousand rubles. Sales revenue for each of the three options is equal to 360 thousand rubles, 330 thousand rubles, 340 thousand rubles, respectively.

Table 5.1 Background information

Products	Price,	Variable expenses for unit, rub.	Share in sales volume, %
			Option 1	Option 2	Option 3

Table 5.2 Calculation information

Products
Share of marginal income in product price
Option 1
income in revenue
Revenue from sales
Option 2
Average share of marginal income in revenue
Revenue from sales
Option 3
Average share of marginal income in revenue
Revenue from sales

Marginal income represents the sum of profit and fixed expenses. The essence of this category is that the full repayment of all fixed expenses involves writing off their full amount to the current results of the enterprise and is equated to one of the areas of profit distribution.

For the first option:

1. Share of marginal income in the price of the product, D s:

D y = (* SP A + * SP B + * SP B + * SP G)/100 = (0.25*20+0.429*30+0.167*10+0.4*40)/100=(5+12.87+1.67+16) /100=0.3554

3. Marginal income, MD:

360*0.3554= 127.944 thousand rubles.

4. Profit from sales for the first option is equal to:

P = - A = 127.944-98 = 29.94 thousand rubles.

For the second option:

for product A = (80 - 60)/80 = 0.25;

for product B = (140 - 80)/140 = 0.429;

for product C = (120 - 100)/120 = 0.167;

for the product D = (200 - 120)/200 = 0.4.

2. Average share of marginal income in revenue for the entire sales volume D y:

D y = (* SP A + * SP B + * SPs + * SP d)/100 =(0.25 * 30+0.429 * 25+0.167 * 20+0.4 * 25) /100=(7.5+10.725+3.34+10) /100=0.31565

330 * 0.31565= 104.1645 thousand rubles.

3.Sales profit for the second option is equal to:

P = - A=104.1645 -98 =6.1645 thousand rubles.

For the third option:

1. Share of marginal income in the price of the product, D s:

for product A = (80 - 60)/80 = 0.25;

for product B = (140 - 80)/140 = 0.429;

for product C = (120 - 100)/120 = 0.167;

for the product D = (200 - 120)/200 = 0.4.

2. Average share of marginal income in revenue for the entire sales volume D y:

D y = (* SP A + * SP B + * SPs + * SP d)/100 =(0.25 * 15+0.429 * 20+0.167 *35+0.4 * 30) /100=(3.75+8.58+5.845+12) /100=0.30175

Marginal income, MD, thousand rubles:

340 * 0.30175= 102.595 thousand rubles.

3.Sales profit for the third option is equal to:

P = - A=102.595 -98 =4.595 thousand. rub.

The first option for the structure of production and sales of products is more profitable from the point of view of obtaining the largest amount of marginal income and profit.

Sales profit is affected by changes in:

1. quantity and structure of goods sold;

2. price level;

3. level of fixed expenses.

Task 6

Based on the balance sheet (Appendix 1), financial performance report (Appendix 2) and reference data (Appendix 4), analyze the indicators of intensification of the use of the organization's main resources. The calculations are summarized in table. 6.

Table 6Characteristics of the ratio of extensiveness and intensity of use of basic resources in the production process

	Influence coefficients on sales revenue growth
Index		Growth rate, %	Increase in resource per 1% increase in revenue, %	Ext-sti of the resource used (Kext.i x 100)	Intensity of resource use (100-Kint.i x 100)
Remuneration including deductions for social needs, thousand rubles.
Material costs, thousand rubles.
Fixed assets, thousand rubles.
Working capital, thousand rubles.
Comprehensive assessment of comprehensive intensification

1. Gr. 5 = gr. 4 / gr. 3 H 100 - 100.

2. Gr. 6 pages 1 or 2 or 3 = gr. 5 pages 1 or 2 or 3 / gr. 5 page 4.

Gr. 6 page 6 = U gr. 6 to pages 1, 2 and 3/n.

3. Gr. 7 page 1 or 2 or 3 = gr. 6 H 100.

Gr. 7 page 6 = U gr. 7 to pages 1, 2 and 3/n.

4. Gr. 8 pages 1 or 2 or 3 = 100 - gr. 7 pages 1, 2 or 3

Gr. 8 page 6 = U gr. 8 to pages 1, 2 and 3/n.

From the data in Table 6 we can conclude that the organization is characterized primarily by extensive development; the share of extensiveness was 83%, i.e. in each percent of revenue growth, the share of extensiveness is 0.8309, and therefore, the share of intensity is 17%.

An 83% increase in sales revenue was achieved due to the involvement of additional resources in production, mainly for labor costs.

Relative overexpenditure in wages can be achieved both by increasing employee wages and by increasing the number of employees of the enterprise. At the same time, relative savings in other indicators indicate their effective use compared to the previous period.

Task 7

Based on the balance sheet data (Appendix 1), financial performance report (Appendix 2) and reference data (Appendix 4), calculate indicators for assessing the quality of the organization’s activities (Table 7.1). Conduct a comparative comprehensive assessment of the performance of organizations using the distance method, taking into account the significance score according to data for competing limited liability companies "Agat", No. 1, No. 2. Present the calculation results for the reporting period in table. 7.3

Table 7.1Initial information X

Index	« Agate»	Significance of the indicator, point (Kzn)


3. Return on sales, %


6. Maneuverability factor
7. Funding ratio

1. Current ratio : ratio of current assets to current liabilities.

The current liquidity ratio shows the company's ability to pay off current (short-term) obligations using only current assets. The higher the coefficient, the better the solvency of the enterprise. This indicator takes into account that not all assets can be sold urgently.

2. Asset turnover ratio: the ratio of revenue to the amount of average annual balances of current assets.

The asset turnover ratio shows the number of complete product circulation cycles for the analyzed period. Or how many monetary units of sold products brought in each monetary unit of assets. Or in other words, it shows the number of turnovers of one ruble of assets during the analyzed period.

3. Return on sales % : percentage ratio of net profit to average annual revenue.

Return on sales shows how much profit the company receives from each ruble of products sold.

4. Return on equity, %: the percentage of net profit to the average annual balances of equity capital and reserves.

Return on equity shows the amount of profit that an enterprise (organization) will receive per unit of equity value.

5. Financial independence (autonomy) coefficient: the ratio of equity to the sum of all assets.

The financial independence ratio shows the share of the organization's assets that are covered by its own capital (provided by its own sources of formation). The remaining share of assets is covered by borrowed funds.

6. Maneuverability coefficient: the ratio of the difference between equity capital and non-current assets to equity capital.

The agility coefficient shows the ability of the enterprise to maintain the level of its own working capital and replenish working capital, if necessary, from its own sources.

7. Funding ratio: ratio of equity to debt capital.

The financing ratio shows to what extent the enterprise's assets are formed from its own capital, and to what extent the enterprise is independent of external sources of financing.

8. Current assets coverage ratio with own funds, %: the ratio of the difference between equity capital and non-current assets to current assets.

The coefficient of provision of current assets with own funds evaluates the speed of circulation of funds invested in current assets.

Table 7.2 Ratio coefficients indicators to the standard (Х/X max)

Index	« Agat"	Significance
1. Current ratio
2. Asset turnover ratio
3. Return on sales, %
4. Return on equity, %
5. Financial independence (autonomy) coefficient
6. Maneuverability factor
7. Funding ratio
8. Ratio of provision of current assets with own funds

Table 7.3Results of comparative rating assessment (X/X max)*Kzn

Index	« Agat"
1. Current ratio
2. Asset turnover ratio
3. Return on sales, %
4. Return on equity, %
5. Autonomy coefficient
6. Maneuverability factor
7. Funding ratio
8. Ratio of provision of current assets with own funds


10. Place of organization

Calculations 1-8: square of coefficients of the ratio of indicators to the standard multiplied by the significance coefficient.

Bibliography:

1. Analysis of financial statements: textbook / O.V. Efimova [and others] - M.: Omega-L Publishing House, 2013.

2. Analysis of financial statements: Textbook. - 2nd ed. / Under general ed. M.A. Vakhrushina. - M.: University textbook: INFRA-M, 2011.

3. Analysis of financial statements: textbook / edited by. ed. IN AND. Barilenko. - M.: K-NORUS, 2010.

4. Efimova O.V. Financial analysis: modern tools for making economic decisions: textbook. -M.: Omega-L Publishing House, 2010.

5. Comprehensive analysis of the economic activity of an enterprise: textbook / edited by. ed. prof. IN AND. Barilenko. - M.: FORUM. 2012.

6. Melnik M.V., Berdinkov V.V. Financial analysis: system of indicators and methodology: Textbook. - M.: Economist, 2006.

7. Theory of economic analysis: textbook / E.B. Gerasimova, V.I. Barilenko, T.V. Petrusevich. - M.: FORUM; SIC INFRA-M, 2012.

8. Official website of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation. http://www.minfin.ru

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1.2 Methods for assessing the financial condition of an enterprise

The subject of financial analysis is financial resources and their flows. The main goal of financial analysis is to assess the financial condition of the enterprise and identify opportunities to improve the efficiency of the enterprise through rational financial policies.

Achieving this goal is carried out using the method inherent in this discipline.

The method of financial analysis is a system of theoretical and cognitive categories, scientific tools and regulatory principles for studying the financial activities of business entities (enterprises, firms, etc.), i.e. triad expressed as follows:

M = (K, I, Rpr),

where M is the method of financial analysis;

I - scientific instruments;

Rpr - system of regulatory principles.

The categories of financial analysis are the most general, key concepts of this discipline. The categories may include such concepts as factor, rate, interest, discount, cash flow, leverage, etc.

Scientific tools are the apparatus of financial analysis, i.e. a set of general scientific and specific scientific methods for studying the financial activities of enterprises and organizations.

The principles of financial analysis govern the procedural side of its methodology. The most important principles of financial analysis include the principles of consistency, complexity, regularity, continuity, objectivity, etc.

In the practice of financial analysis, there are various classifications of methods of economic, in particular, financial analysis.

The first level distinguishes informal and formalized methods of analysis. Informalized methods are based on describing analytical procedures at a logical level, rather than on strict mathematical dependencies. This group of methods includes methods of expert assessments, morphological analysis, scenarios, comparison, construction of systems of analytical tables, etc.

The second group includes methods that are based on strict formalized analytical dependencies. These methods constitute the second level of classification (chain substitutions, discounting, differentiation, etc.).

It is most advisable to begin the analysis of the financial condition by studying the formation and placement of the enterprise’s capital, assessing the quality of management of its assets and liabilities, and determining operational and financial risks.

After this, you should analyze the efficiency and intensity of the use of capital, evaluate the business activity of the enterprise and the risk of loss of its business reputation.

The task of analyzing balance sheet liquidity arises in connection with the need to assess the creditworthiness of the organization, i.e. its ability to timely and fully pay all its obligations.

Balance sheet liquidity is defined as the degree to which an organization's liabilities are covered by its assets, the period of conversion of which into money corresponds to the period of repayment of liabilities. The liquidity of assets should be distinguished from balance sheet liquidity, which is defined as the reciprocal of the time required to convert them into cash. The shorter the time it takes for a given type of asset to turn into money, the higher its liquidity.

Introduction

An important place in the system of comprehensive economic analysis is occupied by the assessment of economic activity, which represents conclusions about the results of an enterprise’s activities based on qualitative and quantitative analysis of economic processes.

The purpose of the course work is:

consolidation of theoretical knowledge acquired by students in the process of studying the discipline “Comprehensive Economic Analysis of Economic Activity”;

formation of practical skills in conducting comprehensive economic analysis;

generalization of the obtained analysis results, determination of the complex amount of reserves, which ultimately can be qualified as ready for mobilization in the production and economic activities of the analyzed organization.

In the course work, various factor models (two-factor, three-factor and four-factor) of the analyzed indicators will be built. A business plan for the future period will be drawn up and analyzed, and recommendations will be made to improve the financial position of the organization. The profitability of production activities will be determined, as well as the return on assets.

In a modern market economy, there is an increase in competition. And in order for an enterprise to operate effectively and be able to receive maximum profits, the organization’s management simply needs to conduct a comprehensive economic analysis of economic activity.

Comprehensive economic analysis of economic activity

Economic analysis of the financial and economic activities of enterprises is carried out in order to assess the financial condition of the enterprise and the level of financial risks of the enterprise.

The analysis of the financial and economic activities of the organization was carried out on the basis of the financial statements for 2009 - 2010 of the production enterprise Vympel Trust LLC, which produces components for automobiles.

Analysis of financial and economic activities includes:

Analysis of balance sheets,

Balance sheet currency analysis (horizontal and vertical analysis),

Liquidity analysis,

Financial stability analysis,

Profitability analysis,

Analysis of financial indicators (revenue and profit).

Let's look at the individual most important lines of the balance sheet and calculate the absolute and relative (as a percentage) deviations.

Name	Deviation

Cash
Accounts receivable

Total working capital
Fixed assets (initial cost)

Fixed assets (residual value)
Amount of assets
Accounts payable
Bills payable
Accruals
Total current liabilities
Long-term liabilities
Share capital
Profit retained
Equity
Total sources
Gains and losses report
Sales revenue
Cost of products sold
Fixed expenses
Depreciation
Earnings before interest and taxes EBIT
Percentage to be paid
Profit before taxes
Taxes (20%)
Net profit
Other data

Number of outstanding shares
Dividends per share, rub.
Annual fee for long-term lease, rub.

Let's consider the main coefficients (indicators):

Assets. = first-class liquid assets (cash remaining with the enterprise) = Cash

Quickly realizable assets = accounts receivable (from the buyer, short-term financial investments, securities) = Accounts receivable

Slow moving assets = finished goods inventories

Hard to sell assets = non-current assets (unfinished construction) = Fixed assets (residual value)

The most urgent obligations (taxes, wages, credit) = accounts payable = Accounts payable + Accruals

Short-term loans and borrowings = Bills payable

Long-term loans and borrowings = Long-term liabilities

Permanent debt = (authorized capital, owner funds) = Equity capital

< (57600 <281600 в 2009), (52000<315200 в 2010) но в идеале

> (351200>200000 in 2009 and 402000>225000 in 2010)

> (715200>323432 in 2009 and 836000>424612)

< (344800< 663768 в 2009 году и 360800 <685988 в 2010)

1) Let's consider liquidity ratios (“fluidity”, time to convert assets into money) = solvency ratios.

a) Absolute liquidity ratio = level of solvency (the ratio of the company’s most liquid assets to current liabilities shows how much of the short-term debt the company can repay in the near future.)

Ka1=/ + = 57600/(281600 +200000)= 0.12 in 2009, 0.097 in 2010, but the normal situation is when Ka1 >= 0.2 - 0.25.

b) Current liquidity ratio = Current assets / Short-term liabilities, shows how many times short-term liabilities are covered by the company’s current assets, i.e. how many times a company can satisfy the claims of creditors if it converts all the assets currently at its disposal into cash.

Ktl =)/ + = 408800/481600= 0.848 (in 2009); 454000/540200=0.840

but the normal situation is when Ktl >= 1

c) Coverage ratio = rel. current assets to short-term liabilities (current liabilities), shows the company's ability to pay off current (short-term) liabilities using only current assets. The higher the value of the coefficient, the better the solvency of the enterprise:

Kpokr =)/ + = 1124000/481600=2.33 (in 2009); 1290000/540200=2.388

Ideally Kpokr>= 2

2) Let's consider the coefficients of financial stability - indicators of the enterprise's provision with its own sources, to what extent the enterprise is independent of creditors and investors from a financial point of view, and whether this dependence is growing or decreasing.

a) financial independence ratios

Financial independence =() =683768/1468800=0.465 (in 2009), 685988/1650800 = 0.416

Ideally, Kfin.independence>= 0.5 (depending on the industry)

b) The coefficient of coverage with own sources of inventories and costs is calculated by dividing the value of own sources of covering inventories and costs by the cost of inventories and costs.

Ksecured. own source inventories and costs.=()

Ksecured. own source inventories and costs.=)=

0.473 (in 2009); 685988-360800/836000= 0.389

Ideally, Ksecured.own. source inventories and costs.>= 0.1

3) Business activity ratios - show the efficiency of using assets, the efficiency of the enterprise's use of its funds. This group includes various turnover indicators, since the turnover rate, i.e. transformation of funds into monetary form has a direct impact on the solvency of the enterprise.

a) Cobor.act.= . 3432000/1468800=2.34 (in 2009); 3850000/1650800= 2.33 (shows how many times the full cycle of production and sale of products has gone through).

T rev. time = D/Kact., where D is the duration of the period;

T rev. time = 360/2.34= 153 days. (in 2009) 360/2.33= 154 days. (in 2010).

b) Capital productivity ratio - shows the effectiveness of non-current assets (funds) - how much revenue is generated from 1 ruble of non-current assets. That is, it shows how many products the enterprise produces for each unit of value of fixed assets that were invested in it.

Return on Capital = Produced Commodity Products / Initial Cost of Fixed Assets

Capital productivity = Annual output / Average annual cost of fixed assets

Kfondootd. = Fixed assets (initial cost)) remaining cost.

Kfondootd. = 344800) = 9.95 (in 2009); 360800) = 10.67 (in 2010);

c) Inventory turnover ratio is a coefficient characterizing the turnover of a company’s inventories over a period of time:

Koborach.commodity-material assets = Revenue/Cost of inventory items

inventory items include:

· raw materials and components,

· low-value and high-wear items, taking into account accumulated wear and tear,

· unfinished production,

· finished products,

goods for resale,

· and goods shipped.

Cost of Inventory = Inventories

Koborach.commodity-material values = Revenue / Inventories

Koborach.commodity-material.valuables = 715200) = 4.798 (in 2009); 715200) = 4.798(in 2010);

Let's determine the asset turnover time:

Where D is the duration of the analyzed period

where T is the turnaround time. = D/Kact., where D is the duration of the period;

d) The receivables turnover ratio shows how many times the receivables collection process has gone through:

Kdebit.debt. = Revenue / Accounts receivable = =9.77 (in 2009); =9.577 (in 2010);

Let's determine the receivables turnover time:

Accounts receivable turned into revenue 9.77 and 9.57 times in 2008 and 2009. respectively, which amounted to 36 and 37 days of the production cycle.

4) Profitability ratios (profitability). Enterprise profitability - P indicator of the efficiency of using the enterprise's fixed assets and production resources. The overall profitability of an enterprise is defined as the ratio of profit to the average cost of fixed and working capital.

a) Debt coverage is determined by the ratio of total debt to EBITDA.

Total Debt = Accounts Payable + Notes Payable + Total Current Liabilities + Long-Term Liabilities = BORROWING CAPITAL

EBITDA= EBIT + Depreciation + Depreciation = 209100 +18900+146200 = 374200 (in 2009)

149700+20000+166200 = 335900 (in 2010)

To debt coverage = total debt/EBITDA=

total debt = DEBORING CAPITAL = Short-term liabilities (Long-term liabilities, i.e. long-term loans and borrowings) =

To debt coverage = total debt/EBITDA=(323432)/374200= 0.86 (in 2009); (424612)/335900 = 1.26 (in 2010)

Ideally, towards debt security<=3

b) interest payment fund ratio:

TIE=EBIT/I= EBIT/ Interest payable = 209100/62500=3.35 (in 2009); 149700/76000= 1.97 (in 2010)

c) coverage ratio of long-term liabilities - security financial liabilities assets

FCC= (EBIT+Rent)/(I+Rent+Sinking Funds)= (EBIT+Rent)/(I+Annual fee for long-term lease).

(209100 + 40000)/(62500 +40000) = 249100/102500 = 2.43 (in 2009); (189700)/(116000) = 1.63 (in 2010). Ideally, it should be >1.

5)Ratios based on net profit indicators:

a) Return on sales - shows the effectiveness of current costs and the share of net profit:

ROS= (Net Profit/Revenue)*100% = 117280/3432000 *100% = 3.412 (in 2009); 58960/3850000*100%= 1.53 (in 2010).

Economic profitability (based on earnings before interest and taxes):

Economic profitability shows the break-even point at which revenue is equal to cost and profit is zero, that is, economic profitability has decreased from 14% to 9%, which shows a decrease in the ability to earn income to pay off its external obligations.

b) Return on all assets:

ROA= (Net Profit/Asset)*100% =117280/1468800 *100% = 7.9 (in 2009); 58960/1650800*100%= 3.57 (in 2010).

c) ROE = (return on equity) = NET PROFIT / EQUITY

ROE = 117280 /663768 = 0.177 (in 2009); 58960/685988= 0.086 (in 2010)

SHARE OF DIVIDEND PAYMENTS = Dividend Payments / Net profit - what is the share in net profit

Dividend Payments = Number of outstanding shares* Dividends per share, rub. = 100000*0.22= 2200000

SHARE OF DIVIDEND PAYMENTS = Number of shares issued* Dividends per share, rub. / Net profit

Udel. weight div. payments = 2200000/117280 = 18.75 (in 2008) 2200000/58960 = 37.313

That is, the coefficient of financial sustainable growth (shows the ability to ensure its development from its own sources) =

Bush. growth = ROE (1- Share of dividend payments) = 0.177 (1-18.75) = -0.01 (in 2009); 0.086(1-37.313)= 0.0023(in 2010).

Growth rate coverage ratio from internal sources (shows the company’s ability to increase its assets next year through internal financing, provided that all proportions of the previous year are maintained) =

(117280 - 22000) / 460000 x 100% = (95280/460000) x 100% = 20.7% (in 2009)

(58960 - 22000) / 460000 x 100% = (36960/460000) x 100% = 8.03% (in 2010)

From the calculations obtained, it is clear that such opportunities for the company are sharply reduced and amount to only 8.03%. Thus, the firm has a chance to increase its assets through internal financing by only 8.03%, while in 2009 this opportunity was 20.7%.

According to the calculations obtained, it can be seen that the enterprise’s own capital for 2009 was. formed from own sources only 45%, and in 2010. this value has decreased to 41% and does not reach the normal value of 50% i.e. There is a decrease in the share of own sources in the formation of equity capital and borrowed capital was attracted for its formation in 2009. in the amount of 55%, and in 2010. - 59%, which indicates the unstable financial condition of the enterprise and that it cannot fully cover its obligations with its own funds. Efficiency dropped to 4.5% in 2010. from 9.9% in 2009

We will conduct a comprehensive detailed analysis of the business activities of the enterprise. economic financial comprehensive analysis

Comprehensive analysis of economic activities with calculations. The concept of comprehensive analysis of economic activity. Name of asset items

Introduction

Chapter 1. Theoretical foundations for analyzing the economic activities of an enterprise

1.1. Methods for analyzing the economic activity of an enterprise

1.2. Analysis information base

Chapter 2. Comprehensive economic analysis of the economic activity of an enterprise using the example of STS Austria LLC

2.1. Analysis of the use of enterprise funds

2.2. Analysis of labor supply

2.3. Analysis of performance indicators and financial condition of the enterprise

2.4. Enterprise liquidity analysis

2.5. Enterprise profitability analysis

2.6. Main directions for increasing the efficiency of the organization's activities

Conclusion

List of sources used

Send your good work in the knowledge base is simple. Use the form below

Tula branch of the Financial University

Test

discipline: “Economic analysis”

Option #5

Completed: 5th year student

Faculty: FiK

Directions: Bachelor of Economics

Groups: daytime

Pereponova E.K.

ld. No. 11fld41649

Checked: Kalyanov A.Yu.

Tula 2014

Exercise 1

Task 2

Task 3

Task 4

Task 5

Task 6

Task 7

Bibliography

Exercise 1

Based on the balance sheet data (Appendix 1), analyze and evaluate the dynamics of the composition and structure of the organization’s assets and liabilities. Data on the property status and sources of financing of the organization's assets are reflected in table. 1.

Table 1

Balance balances,

Change

Analysis of the passive part of the balance sheet shows that for the period 2011-2013. there was an increase in short-term liabilities by 6,925 rubles. (26831-19906) due to an increase in accounts payable, and capital and reserves in the amount of RUB 8,589. (61947-53358).

Task 2

Based on the financial results report (Appendix 2), generate the organization’s income and expenses, analyze and evaluate their structure and dynamics. These estimates of the organization's income and expenses are reflected in table. 2.

table 2 Analysis of the dynamics of income and expenses of the organization

thousand

thousand

1. Income of the organization - Total,

2. Organizational expenses-

Total,

Calculations:

1. Income per 1 rub. assets is the ratio of an organization's income to the amount of its assets. The amount of income per 1 rub. the organization's assets in 2012 amounted to 0.59 rubles. (52374/88845), in 2013 this figure increased by 0.09 rubles. and began to amount to 0.68 rubles (60477/88778).

2. Sales revenue of 1 rub. income - It is the ratio of sales revenue to the organization's income. The amount of revenue per 1 rub. sales in 2012 were equal to 0.97 rubles, and in 2013 they decreased by 0.013 rubles. and began to amount to 0.96 rubles.

3. Income per 1 rub. expenses is the ratio of an organization's income to its expenses. The amount of income per 1 rub. expenses in 2013 decreased by 0.12 rubles. compared to 2012

4. Cost return - This is the percentage ratio of net profit to the organization's expenses. Cost profitability decreased by 1.25% in 2013 compared to 2012.

Based on the calculation of the main indicators for assessing income and expenses, we can say that in 2013, compared to 2012, the organization’s expenses increased, and their profitability decreased by 1.25%. Consequently, the organization’s income decreased.

Task 3

Using the data from the financial results report (Appendix 2), analyze the size, composition and structure of the organization’s profit.

The calculations are summarized in table. 3.

Ttable 3 Analysis of the organization's profit dynamics

Absolute

Pace

growth

(below

Specific gravity (%) to

arrived before

2012

2013

Treason

2012

2013

Izme

1.Profit (loss) up to

3.Profit (loss) from

4.Financial

result from

5. Current tax

on profit, reduced by the amount

deferred tax

6.Net profit

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