Ivan Trofimovich looked very stern for a long time. The meaning of Ivan Trofimovich Khrutsky in a brief biographical encyclopedia. "He is a very handsome man"
The boy, on the contrary, was lively and temperamental, very sincere and responsive. In general, children were raised very strictly; no pampering or excess was allowed. The daughter grew up, graduated from college, defended her dissertation, has a family, works, and raises children. She changed her father's last name to her mother's last name. Subsequently, she went abroad to see her husband off on his last journey and stayed there. The fate of his son was more tragic. After graduating from aviation school, he became a participant in the war, commanded, and quite well, an aviation regiment. After the death of his father, he was arrested and sentenced to 8 years. After serving his sentence, he was released completely sick. He retained his military rank and was given a pension, but was asked to give up his father’s surname, which he did not agree to.
After this, he was exiled to Kazan, where he soon died, in March 1962, at the age of 40.
MURDER OF S. M. KIROV
I especially want to talk about Kirov.
Stalin loved and respected Kirov most of all. I loved him with some touching, tender love. Comrade Kirov's visits to Moscow and the south were a real holiday for Stalin. Sergei Mironovich came for a week or two. In Moscow, he stayed at Comrade Stalin’s apartment, and I.V. literally did not part with him.
S. M. Kirov was killed on December 13, 1934 in Leningrad. Kirov's death shocked Stalin. I went with him to Leningrad and I know how he suffered and experienced the loss of his beloved friend. Everyone knows what a person of crystal purity S.M. was, how simple and modest he was, what a great worker and wise leader he was.
This vile murder showed that the enemies of Soviet power had not yet been destroyed and were ready to strike from around the corner at any moment.
Comrade Kirov was killed by enemies of the people. His killer Leonid Nikolaev stated in his testimony: “Our shot should have been a signal for an explosion and an offensive within the country against the CPSU (b) and Soviet power.” In September 1934, an assassination attempt was made on Comrade Molotov while he was on an inspection tour of the mining regions of Siberia. Comrade Molotov and his companions miraculously escaped death.
ATTEMPT ON STALIN
In the summer of 1935, an attempt was made on Comrade Stalin. This happened in the south. Comrade Stalin was relaxing at a dacha near Gagra.
On a small boat, which was transported to the Black Sea from the Neva from Leningrad by Yagoda, Comrade Stalin took walks along the sea. Only security was with him. The direction was taken to Cape Pitsunda. Having entered the bay, we went ashore, rested, had a snack, and walked, staying on the shore for several hours. Then we got on the boat and went home. There is a lighthouse on Cape Pitsunda, and not far from the lighthouse on the shore of the bay there was a border guard post. When we left the bay and turned in the direction of Gagra, shots were heard from the shore. We were fired upon.
Having quickly seated Comrade Stalin on the bench and covering him with me, I ordered the mechanic to go out to the open sea.
Immediately we fired a machine gun along the shore. The shots at our boat stopped.
Our boat was small, riverboat and completely unsuitable for walking on the sea, and we had a great chat before we landed. The sending of such a boat to Sochi was also done by Yagoda, apparently not without malicious intent - on a large wave it would inevitably capsize, but we, as people not versed in maritime affairs, did not know about this.
This case was transferred for investigation to Beria, who was at that time the secretary of the Georgian Central Committee. During interrogation, the shooter stated that the boat had an unfamiliar number; this seemed suspicious to him and he opened fire, although he had enough time to find out everything while we were on the shore of the bay, and he could not help but see us.
It was all one ball.
The murder of Kirov, Menzhinsky, Kuibyshev, as well as the mentioned assassination attempts, were organized by the right-wing Trotskyist bloc.
This was shown by the trials of Kamenev and Zinoviev in 1936, the trial of Pyatakov, Radek and Sokolnikov in 1937, and the trial of Yagoda, Bukharin and Rykov in 1938. This tangle was unraveled and thus the enemies of Soviet power were neutralized before the war. They could be a "fifth column".
MILITARY CONSPIRACY
Among the numerous accusations leveled against Comrade Stalin after his death, the most significant, perhaps, is the accusation of the physical destruction of a group of military leaders of the Red Army led by Tukhachevsky.
They have now been rehabilitated. At the XXII Congress, the Communist Party of the USSR declared to the whole world their complete innocence.
On what basis were they rehabilitated?
They were convicted according to documents. 20 years later, these documents were declared false... But how should Comrade Stalin have reacted to the document incriminating Tukhachevsky of treason, handed over by the friend of the Soviet Union, President of Czechoslovakia Benes? I can’t imagine that other evidence besides this was not collected. If all the military leaders, as they now claim, were innocent, then why did Gamarnik suddenly shoot himself? I have never heard of such cases when innocent people shot themselves while awaiting arrest. After all, revolutionaries, always living under the threat of arrest, never committed suicide. In addition, this group of military men was not shot, like the 26 Baku commissars, without trial or investigation. They were convicted by the Special Military Tribunal of the Supreme Court.
The trial, it is true, took place behind closed doors, since the testimony at the trial was supposed to concern military secrets. But the court included such authoritative people known throughout the country as Voroshilov, Budyonny, Shaposhnikov. The trial announcement indicated that the defendants pleaded guilty. To question this message means to cast a shadow on such pure people as Voroshilov, Budyonny, Shaposhnikov.
Speaking about this process, I would like to dwell on the personality of the leader of the military group, Tukhachevsky. The personality is certainly very bright. Much has already been written about him, in particular, such a venerable writer as L. Nikulin wrote a book about him. It is about this book and about another book – Michael Sayers and Albert Kahn’s “The Secret War against Soviet Russia” – that I would like to say a few words. I want to dwell on the characterization of Tukhachevsky that the authors of these books give.
Their characteristics are exactly the opposite. Which one is right? Who to believe? I personally met Tukhachevsky and knew him. It was known about him that he came from a noble landowner family, graduated from the Cadet Corps and the Alexander Military School. But I never heard that his mother was a simple, illiterate peasant woman. Nikulin writes that he received information about Tukhachevsky’s childhood from a friend of his acquaintance, who found a 90-year-old man who had worked in his youth on the estate of Tukhachevsky’s father. I recorded the conversation with him and forwarded it to Nikulin.
There is no doubt that Tukhachevsky was a highly educated person. Neither his appearance, nor his gestures, nor his demeanor, nor his conversation - nothing in him pointed to a proletarian origin; on the contrary, blue blood was visible in everything.
Nikulin writes that Tukhachevsky was not a careerist, but according to other sources, Tukhachevsky, after graduating from the Alexander School, said: “Either at thirty I will be a general, or I will shoot myself.” The French officer Remi Ruhr, who was captured along with Tukhachevsky, characterized him as an extremely ambitious person who would stop at nothing.
Subsequently, in 1928, Remi Roure wrote a book about Tukhachevsky under the pseudonym Pierre Fervaque.
Tukhachevsky escaped from German captivity and returned to Russia on the eve of the October Revolution. He first sided with the former officers of the tsarist army, then broke with them.
Sayers and Kahn write that when asked by his friend Golumbek what he intended to do, Tukhachevsky replied: “Frankly speaking, I am going over to the Bolsheviks. The White Army is unable to do anything. They have no leader."
Meanwhile, we had an adventure that surprised me and shocked Stepan Trofimovich. In the morning at eight o’clock Nastasya came running from him to me with the news that the master had been “described.” At first I couldn’t understand anything: all I got was that the officials “described” it, they came and took the papers, and the soldier tied it up in a bundle and “took it away in a wheelbarrow.” The news was wild. I immediately hurried to Stepan Trofimovich. I found him in an amazing state: upset and in great excitement, but at the same time with an undoubtedly triumphant look. On the table, in the middle of the room, a samovar was boiling and a glass of tea stood poured, but untouched and forgotten. Stepan Trofimovich wandered around the table and went into all corners of the room, not realizing his movements. He was in his usual red sweatshirt, but when he saw me, he hurried to put on his vest and frock coat, which he had never done before when one of his relatives caught him in this sweatshirt. He immediately and passionately grabbed my hand. - Enfin un ami! (He took a deep breath.) Cher, I sent you to one, and no one knows anything. We must tell Nastasya to lock the doors and not let anyone in, except, of course, those... Vous comprenez? He looked at me with concern, as if expecting an answer. Of course, I rushed to ask questions and somehow, from an incoherent speech, with interruptions and unnecessary insertions, I learned that at seven o’clock in the morning a governor’s official “suddenly” came to see him... - Pardon, j"ai oublié son nom. Il n"est pas du pays, but it seems Lembke brought it, quelque chose de bête et d"allemand dans la physionomie. Il s"appelle Rosenthal.- Isn't it Bloom? - Bloom. That's what he called himself. Vous le connaissez? Quelque chose d"hébété et de très content dans la figure, pourtant très sévère, roide et sérieux. A figure from the police, from the obedient, je m"y connais. I was still sleeping, and, imagine, he asked me to “take a look” at my books and manuscripts, oui, je m "en souviens, il a employé ce mot. He did not arrest me, but only the books... Il se tenait à distance and when he began to explain to me about the arrival, he looked like I was... Tous ces gens du bas étage sont comme ça when dealing with a decent person. Of course, I immediately understood everything. Voilà vingt ans que je m"y prépare. I unlocked all the drawers and gave him all the keys; I gave it to him myself, I gave him everything. J"étais digne et calme. From the books he took foreign editions of Herzen, a bound copy of “The Bell,” four copies of my poem, et, enfin, tout ça. Then papers and letters et quelques une de mes ébauches historiques, critiques et politiques. They suffered all this. Nastasya says that they brought the soldier in a wheelbarrow and covered him with an apron; oui, c"est cela, apron. It was nonsense. Who could understand anything here? I again bombarded him with questions: did Blum come alone or not? on whose behalf? By what right? how dare he? What did you explain? - Il était seul, bien seul, however, there was someone else dans l "antichambre, oui, je m"en souviens, et puis... However, there was someone else, it seems, and there was a watchman in the entryway . We need to ask Nastasya; she knows all this better. J"étais surexcité, voyez-vous. Il parlait, il parlait... un tas de choses; however, he said very little, and that’s all I said... I told my life, of course, from this one point of view. .. J"étais surexcité, mais digne, je vous l"assure. I'm afraid, however, that they took the wheelbarrow from the shopkeeper nearby. Oh God, how could all this happen! But for God’s sake, be more precise, Stepan Trofimovich, it’s a dream what you’re telling! - Cher, I’m like in a dream myself... Savez-vous, il a prononcé le nom de Teliatnikoff, and I think that this one was hiding in the hallway. Yes, I remembered, he proposed the prosecutor and, it seems, Dmitry Mitrich... qui me doit encore quinze roubles de jumble soit dit en passant. Enfin, je n"ai pas trop compris. But I outwitted them, and what do I care about Dmitry Mitrich. It seems that I really began to ask him to hide, I really asked, I’m even afraid that I humiliated myself, comment croyez-vous? Enfin il a consenti. Yes, I remembered, it was he himself who asked that it would be better to hide, because he only came to “take a look”, et rien de plus, and nothing more, nothing... and that if they don’t find anything, then and nothing will happen. So we ended everything en amis, je suis tout-à-fait content. For mercy's sake, he offered you the procedure and guarantees known in such cases, but you yourself rejected it! - I cried in friendly indignation. No, this is better, without a guarantee. And why the scandal? Let it be en amis for the time being... You know, in our city, if they find out... mes ennemis... et puis à quoi bon ce procureur, ce cochon de notre procureur, qui deux fois m"a manqué de politesse et qu"on a rossé à plaisir l"antre année chez cette charmante et belle Natalya Pavlovna, quand il se cacha dans son boudoir. Et puis, mon ami, do not object to me and do not discourage me, I ask you, because there is nothing more intolerable, when a person is unhappy, and then a hundred friends show him how stupid he has been. Sit down, however, and drink tea, and I confess, I am very tired... Should I lie down and apply vinegar to my head, what do you think? ? “Certainly,” I cried, “I would even like ice.” You are very upset. You are pale and your hands are shaking. Lie down, rest and wait to tell. I'll sit nearby and wait. He didn't dare lie down, but I insisted. Nastasya brought vinegar in a cup, I wet a towel and applied it to his head. Then Nastasya stood on a chair and climbed to light a lamp in the corner in front of the icon. I noticed this with surprise; and the lamp had never existed before, but now it suddenly appeared. “I gave orders just now, they just left,” muttered Stepan Trofimovich, looking at me slyly, “quand on a de ces choses-là dans sa chambre et qu"on vient vous arrêter, then this suggests, and they should report what they saw... Having finished with the lamp, Nastasya stood in the doorway, put her right palm to her cheek and began to look at him with a deplorable look. “Eloignez-la under some pretext,” he nodded to me from the sofa, “I can’t stand this Russian pity, et puis ça m" embête. But she left on her own. I noticed that he kept looking around towards the doors and listening in the hallway. “Il faut être prêt, voyez-vous,” he looked at me significantly, “chaque moment... they will come, take it, and phew—the man has disappeared!” - God! Who's going to come? Who will take you? - Voyez-vous, mon cher, I asked him directly when he was leaving: what will they do to me now? “You’d better ask where they’ll send you!” - I cried in the same indignation. “That’s what I meant when I asked the question, but he walked away and didn’t answer.” Voyez-vous: about underwear, dresses, warm clothes especially, that’s what they want, they tell you to take it - so, otherwise they’ll send you in a soldier’s overcoat. But I quietly slipped thirty-five rubles (he suddenly lowered his voice, looking at the door through which Nastasya came out) into a hole in the vest pocket, right here, feel it... I think they won’t take off the vest, but for show I left it in my purse seven rubles, “that’s all I have,” they say. You know, there’s change and change in coppers on the table, so they won’t guess that I hid the money, but they’ll think that’s it. After all, God knows where we will have to spend the night today. I hung my head at such madness. Obviously, it was impossible to arrest or search as he conveyed, and, of course, he was confused. True, all this happened then, even before the current latest laws. It is also true that he was offered (in his own words) a more correct procedure, but he outsmarted and refused... Of course, before, that is, even so recently, the governor could have done it in extreme cases... But what kind of extreme case could there be again? That's what confused me. “There was probably a telegram from St. Petersburg,” Stepan Trofimovich suddenly said. - Telegram! About you? It’s because of Herzen’s works and your poem, you’re crazy, but why arrest you? I just got angry. He made a grimace and was apparently offended - not because of my shout, but because of the idea that there was nothing to arrest me for. - Who can know in our time what he might be arrested for? - he muttered mysteriously. A wild, absurd idea flashed through my mind. “Stepan Trofimovich, tell me as a friend,” I cried, “as a true friend, I will not betray you: do you belong to some secret society or not?” And so, to my surprise, even here he was not sure whether he was participating or not in some secret society. - After all, how to count it, voyez-vous... - How to “how to count”? - When you belong to progress with all your heart and... who can help you: you think that you don’t belong, but, look, it turns out that you belong to something. - How is this possible, is it yes or no? — Cela date de Pétersbourg, when she and I wanted to found a magazine there. That's where the root is. We slipped away then, and they forgot us, but now they remember. Cher, cher, don't you know! - he exclaimed painfully. “They’ll take it from us, put us in a wagon, and march to Siberia for the rest of the century, or they’ll forget it in a dungeon... And he suddenly began to cry, hot, hot tears. Tears just started flowing. He covered his eyes with his red foulard and sobbed, sobbed for about five minutes, convulsively. I completely shuddered. This man, who had been prophesying to us for twenty years, our preacher, mentor, patriarch, Puppeteer, who held himself so high and majestically above all of us, before whom we bowed so heartily, considering it an honor - and suddenly he was now sobbing, sobbing like a tiny , a naughty boy waiting for the rod, which the teacher went to fetch. I felt terribly sorry for him. He obviously believed in the “kibitka”, as well as in the fact that I was sitting next to him, and was waiting for her exactly this morning, now, this very minute, and all this for the works of Herzen and for some of his poems! Such complete, complete ignorance of everyday reality was both touching and somehow disgusting. He finally stopped crying, got up from the sofa and began to walk around the room again, continuing the conversation with me, but constantly looking out the window and listening in the hallway. Our conversation continued incoherently. All my assurances and reassurances bounced off like peas off a wall. He listened little, but still he desperately needed me to calm him down and talk incessantly in this sense. I saw that he could not do without me now and would never let me go. I stayed and we sat for more than two hours. In the conversation, he remembered that Blum took with him two proclamations that were found on him. - Like proclamations! - I was scared stupidly. -Are you... “Eh, they gave me ten pieces,” he answered annoyedly (he spoke to me either annoyedly and arrogantly, or terribly pitifully and humiliatingly), but I had already disposed of eight, and Blum took only two... And he suddenly blushed with indignation. - Vous me mettez avec ces gens-là! Do you really think that I can be with these scoundrels, with the sweepers, with my son Pyotr Stepanovich, avec ces esprits-forts de la lâcheté! Oh my God! - Bah, maybe they mixed you up somehow... However, it can’t be nonsense! - I noticed. “Savez-vous,” he burst out suddenly, “I feel for minutes, que je ferai là-bas quelque esclandre.” Oh, don't go, don't leave me alone! Ma carrière est finie aujourd "hui, je le sens. I, you know, maybe I’ll rush and bite someone there, like that second lieutenant... He looked at me with a strange look - frightened and at the same time, as if wanting to frighten me. He really became more and more irritated with someone and something as time passed and the “kibitki” did not appear; I was even angry. Suddenly Nastasya, who for some reason came from the kitchen into the hallway, touched and dropped a hanger there. Stepan Trofimovich trembled and died on the spot; but when the matter became clear, he almost screamed at Nastasya and, stamping his feet, drove her back to the kitchen. A minute later he said, looking at me in despair: - I'm dead! Cher,” he suddenly sat down next to me and pitifully and pitifully looked into my eyes, “cher, I’m not afraid of Siberia, I swear to you, oh, je vous jure (even tears appeared in his eyes), I’m afraid of something else... I guessed from his appearance that he finally wanted to tell me something extraordinary, but that until now he had, therefore, been holding back from telling me. “I’m afraid of shame,” he whispered mysteriously. - What a shame? but quite the contrary! Believe me, Stepan Trofimovich, that all this will be explained today and will end in your favor... “Are you so sure that they will forgive me?” - What does “forgive” mean? What words! What did you do? I assure you that you didn’t do anything! - Qu"en savez-vous; my whole life was... cher... They will remember everything... and if they don’t find anything, then so much the worse- he added suddenly and unexpectedly.- How much worse? - Worse. - I don't understand. - My friend, my friend, well, let him go to Siberia, to Arkhangelsk, deprivation of rights - to die like that! But... I’m afraid of something else (again the whisper, the frightened look and the mystery).- Yes, what, what? “They’ll flog you,” he said and looked at me with a lost look. - Who will whip you? Where? Why? - I cried, afraid that he was going crazy. - Where? Well, there... where it's done. - Where is this done? “Eh, cher,” he whispered almost in his ear, “the floor suddenly opens up under you, you drop halfway... Everyone knows this.” - Fables! - I cried, having guessed, - old fables, but did you really believe them until now? - I burst out laughing. - Fables! These fables came from somewhere; the cut one won't tell. I have imagined it ten thousand times in my mind! - Yes, you, why? You haven't done anything, have you? “Even worse, they’ll see that you didn’t do anything and they’ll flog you.” - And you are sure that they will take you to St. Petersburg for that! “My friend, I already said that I don’t regret anything, ma carrière est finie.” From that hour in Skvoreshniki when she said goodbye to me, I don’t feel sorry for my life... but shame, shame, que dira-t-elle, if she finds out? He looked at me with despair and, poor thing, he blushed all over. I also lowered my eyes. “She won’t know anything, because nothing will happen to you.” I’m talking to you for the first time in my life, Stepan Trofimovich, you surprised me so much this morning. - My friend, this is not fear. But even if they forgive me, even if they bring me here again and do nothing - and that’s where I died. Elle me soupçonnera toute sa vie... me, me, the poet, the thinker, the man whom she worshiped for twenty-two years! “It wouldn’t even occur to her.” “He will come,” he whispered with deep conviction. - She and I talked about this several times in St. Petersburg, during Lent, before leaving, when we were both afraid... Elle me soupçonnera toute sa vie... and how to dissuade us? It will turn out incredible. And who here in the town will believe, c"est invraisemblable... Et puis les femmes... She will be happy. She will be very upset, very, sincerely, like a true friend, but secretly she will be happy... I will give her a weapon against me for the rest of my life. Oh, my life was lost! Twenty years of such complete happiness with her... and now! He covered his face with his hands. “Stepan Trofimovich, shouldn’t I let Varvara Petrovna know what happened right now?” - I suggested. - God forbid me! - He shuddered and jumped up from his seat. - No way, never, after what was said at parting in Skvoreshniki, never! His eyes sparkled. We sat, I think, for another hour or more, still waiting for something - that was the idea. He lay down again, even closed his eyes and lay there for about twenty minutes without saying a word, so I even thought that he had fallen asleep or was in oblivion. Suddenly he quickly stood up and tore the towel off his head; jumped up from the sofa, rushed to the mirror, tied his tie with trembling hands and shouted to Nastasya in a thunderous voice, ordering him to bring him a coat, a new hat and a stick. “I can’t stand it anymore,” he said in a breaking voice, “I can’t, I can’t!.. I’m going myself.” - Where? - I jumped up too. - To Lembke. Cher, I must, I must. It's a duty. I am a citizen and a person, not a piece of wood, I have rights, I want my rights... I haven’t demanded my rights for twenty years, I’ve criminally forgotten about them all my life... but now I will demand them. He must tell me everything, everything. He received a telegram. He doesn’t dare torment me, otherwise he’ll arrest, arrest, arrest! He exclaimed with some squeals and stamped his feet. “I approve of you,” I said deliberately as calmly as possible, although I was very afraid for him, “really, it’s better than sitting in such melancholy, but I don’t approve of your mood; look at who you are like and how you will go there. Il faut être digne et calme avec Lembke. Indeed, you can now rush and bite someone there. - I betray myself. I'm walking straight into the lion's mouth... - Yes, and I will go with you. “I expected no less from you, I accept your sacrifice, the sacrifice of a true friend, but to the house, only to the house: you must not, you have no right to further compromise yourself with my community.” Oh, croyez-moi, je serai calme! I recognize myself at this moment as à la hauteur de tout ce qu"il y a de plus sacré... “Perhaps I’ll go into the house with you,” I interrupted him. - Yesterday I was informed from their stupid committee, through Vysotsky, that they were counting on me and inviting me to this tomorrow’s holiday as one of the stewards, or as they are... among those six young men who are appointed to look after the trays, look after the ladies, take guests place and wear a white bow with punch ribbons on the left shoulder. I wanted to refuse, but now why shouldn’t I enter the house under the pretext of explaining things to Yulia Mikhailovna herself... That’s how you and I will enter together. He listened, nodding his head, but did not seem to understand anything. We stood on the threshold. “Cher,” he extended his hand into the corner towards the lamp, “cher, I never believed it, but... let it, let it!” (He crossed himself). Allons! “Well, that’s better,” I thought, going out onto the porch with him, “the fresh air will help along the way, and we will calm down, return home and lie down to rest...” But I was counting without the owner. On the way, an adventure just happened that shocked Stepan Trofimovich even more and finally directed him... so, I confess, I did not even expect from our friend such agility as he suddenly showed that morning. Poor friend, good friend!Finally a friend! (French). You understand? (French). Sorry, I forgot his name. He's not from here (French). there is something dull and German in his facial expression. His name is Rosenthal (French). Do you know him? Something stupid and very smug in appearance, at the same time very stern, unapproachable and important (French). I know something about this (French). yes, I remember he used that word (French). He kept his distance (French). in short, he seemed to think that I would immediately rush at him and begin to beat him mercilessly. All these people of lower status are like this (French). I've been preparing myself for this for twenty years now. (French). I carried myself calmly and with dignity (French). and, in a word, all this (French). and some of my historical, critical and political sketches (French). Yes exactly (French). He was alone, all alone (French). in the hallway, yes, I remember, and then... (French). I was, you see, too excited. He said a lot of things (French). I was too excited, but I assure you, I behaved with dignity (French). You know, he mentioned the name Telyatnikov (French). who, by the way, still owes me fifteen rubles in jumble. In a word, I didn’t quite understand (French). what do you think? Finally he agreed (French). and nothing else (French). friendly, I'm completely satisfied (French). on a friendly basis (French). my enemies... and then why this prosecutor, this pig of ours, who was impolite to me twice and who was happily beaten last year by this charming and beautiful Natalya Pavlovna when he hid in her boudoir. And then my friend (French). when you have such things in your room and they come to arrest you (French). Delete it (French). and then it bothers me (French). You see, you need to be prepared (French). every minute (French). You see, my dear (French). It started in St. Petersburg (French). You put me on the same level as these people! (French). these freethinkers from meanness! (French). do you know (French). What - I'll create some kind of scandal there! (French). My life's journey is over today, I feel it (French). I swear to you (French). What do you know about it (French). My life's journey is over (French). what will she say (French). She will suspect me all her life... (French) this is implausible... And then women... (French). With Lembke you need to behave with dignity and calm (French) Oh, believe me, I will be calm! (French). at the height of all that is most sacred (French) Let's go! (French).
Vasiliev I. P., Gosteva Yu. N. Unified State Exam 2017. 30 options for standard test tasks and preparation for Part 2
OPTION 25 Part 1 The answers to tasks 1-24 are a figure (number) or a word (several words), a sequence of numbers (numbers). Write the answer in the answer field in the text of the work, and then transfer it to ANSWER FORM No. 1 to the right of the task number, starting from the first cell, without spaces, commas or other additional characters. Write each letter or number in a separate box in accordance with the samples given in the form.
Read the text and complete tasks 1-3.
1. Indicate two sentences that correctly convey the MAIN information contained in the text. Write down the numbers of these sentences.
(1) Racing cars in competition can reach speeds of up to 300 km per hour. (2) At this speed, taking into account the low weight of the car, it is quite possible that the car could take off from the ground and rise into the air, and to prevent this from happening, an aerodynamic body was developed, very low, located close to the ground. (3)<...>An insufficient amount of air gets under the car and a suction effect, like a suction cup, occurs, and this, together with wide and large wheels, prevents the car from separating from the asphalt.
1) Racing cars in competitions can reach high speeds and take off from the ground.
2) To ensure that the racing car does not leave the ground at high speed, a body that is almost adjacent to the ground, which promotes the suction effect, and wide, large wheels were developed.
3) An insufficient amount of air gets under any car, and a suction effect occurs, and this, together with wide and large wheels, prevents the car from separating from the asphalt.
4) Racing cars have wide wheels, which allow them to reach higher speeds.
5) Thanks to the body, which is almost adjacent to the ground, which is specially designed to create a suction effect, and the wide, large wheels, the racing car does not leave the ground at high speed.
Answer:
2. Which of the following words (combinations of words) should appear in the gap in the third (3) sentence of the text? Write down this word (combination of words).
On the contrary, / Firstly, / Give / Fortunately, / Thanks to this
3. Read a fragment of a dictionary entry that gives the meaning of the word EARTH. Determine the meaning in which this word is used in the second (2) sentence of the text. Write down the number corresponding to this value in the given fragment of the dictionary entry.
EARTH, -and; and.
1) The third planet of the solar system, rotating around its axis and around the Sun, the orbit of which is between Venus and Mars. 3. moves around the Sun.
2) Place of life and activity of people. By hearing h. full.
3) Territory located in smb. ownership, management, use; processed, used for agricultural purposes; the soil. Arable land Virgin lands. Fertile z.
4) Surface, plane on which we stand, on which we walk; bottom. Sit on the ground.
4. In one of the words below, an error was made in the placement of stress: the letter denoting the stressed vowel sound was highlighted incorrectly. Write this word down.
more beautiful / lied / accepted / for a long time / significance
Answer:_____________________________.
5.In one of the sentences below, the highlighted word is used INCORRECTLY. Correct the lexical error by choosing a paronym for the highlighted word. Write down the chosen word.
As for music, I prefer a light genre; RHYTHMIC melodies always serve as the background during my classes.
The final word for congratulating the hero of the day was GIVEN to his colleagues.
Growing plants from cuttings is the most POPULAR method of vegetative propagation.
It is necessary to remember that any irresponsible act can turn into trouble for other people.
Chaliapin, Sobinov, Kachalov, Varlamov performed at the theater, and Valeria Barsova began her STAGE life.
Answer:_____________________________.
6. In one of the words highlighted below, an error was made in the formation of the word form. Correct the mistake and write the word correctly.
FOUR HUNDRED pages / five KILOGRAMS of salt / LET'S TRY pie a pair of SOCKS / more SIMPLE
Answer:_____________________________.
7. Establish a correspondence between the sentences and the grammatical errors made in them: for each position in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.
GRAMMAR ERRORS SENTENCES
A) violation in the construction of a sentence with a participial phrase 1) The Tretyakov Gallery presents portraits of outstanding figures of science and art, arousing universal respect due to their works and discoveries.
B) disruption of the connection between subject and predicate 2) Painting by V.A. Serov’s “Girl with Peaches” has become a fresh and exceptionally powerful word in fine art.
B) violation in the construction of a sentence with an inconsistent application 3) The infrastructure of the Golden Puck hockey school may undergo serious changes in the near future.
D) an error in constructing a sentence with homogeneous members 4) After graduating from high school with a gold medal, the future famous lawyer in 1874 entered the Faculty of Law of St. Petersburg University.
E) incorrect construction of a sentence with an adverbial phrase 5) Carefully observing individual birds, certain patterns in their behavior are revealed.
6) Already in his early works, the talented young man clearly revealed his talent as a painter, creating a number of magnificent canvases.
7) Those who were lucky enough to see A.S. Pushkin in life, believes that his portrait by Orest Kiprensky turned out to be very successful.
8) Creativity V.L. Borovikovsky is a fusion of styles that developed at the same time - classicism and sentimentalism.
9) A true artist not only tells in a portrait about the person he depicted on canvas, but also about himself.
Write down the selected numbers in the table under the corresponding letters.
Answer:
A B C D E
8.Identify the word in which the unstressed vowel of the root being tested is missing. Write out this word by inserting the missing letter.
prompt / bike..ped / freeze / parade..xal / touch..sleep
Answer:_____________________________.
9. Identify the row in which the same letter is missing in both words. Write down these words by inserting the missing letter.
pr..grandmother, picked up / about..revealed, separated..united / pr..provided, pr..teared / r..climbed, with..went beatless, r..sawed
10. Write down the word in which the letter I is written in place of the gap.
extend / increase / lily of the valley / aluminum / loosen
Answer:_____________________________.
11. Write down the word in which the letter Y is written in place of the gap.
crumbling (sand) / coughing (grandfather) / barking (puppy) / coughing (object)
adhesive (pencil)
Answer:_____________________________.
12. Determine the sentence in which NOT is written together with the word. Open the brackets and write down this word.
I think that any schoolchild will be able to draw the Caspian Sea (NOT) LOOKING at the map.
Science is (NOT) ONLY a tool for understanding the world, but also a powerful means of raising the economic efficiency of mass technologies.
A series of glaciations (NOT) TIMES changed the landscape of Western Siberia.
(NOT) EXHAUSTED with various inventions, Alyosha always found himself in the center of attention of his comrades.
Atlantis - the mythical (NOT) THAT island, (NOT) THAT continent - excites the minds of many: some consider it the ancestral home of man, others consider it a lost civilization.
Answer:_____________________________.
13. Find a sentence in which both highlighted words are spelled CONTINUOUSLY. Open the brackets and write down these two words.
(NOW) Every schoolchild can determine the direction using a compass, but (B) FOR a very long time people could not explain this amazing property of the magnetic needle.
Anna Pavlovna closed her eyes and imagined how (DURING) the performance the curtain fell for a moment and (THAT) HOUR rose again, revealing the same scenery, but completely different actors.
The guide had to explain to museum visitors (BASED ON) on what data scientists can claim that dinosaurs existed ONCE on Earth. Modern sellers are already (SO) SO accustomed to electronic scales that it would be difficult for them to even imagine how they would weigh the goods using weights. (B) THE FIRST minutes of communication Alexey seemed frivolous, but after a while the interlocutor began to understand (HOW) HOW smart and insightful this young man was.
Answer:_____________________________.
14. Indicate all the numbers in whose place NN is written.
The hunter could spend a long time looking at a fallen tree with an inverted (1) root, a rocky bottom of a forest stream, a sandy (2) bank, long (3) ditches (4) roots sticking out along the edge of a cliff.
15.Place punctuation marks. List two sentences that require ONE comma. Write down the numbers of these sentences.
1) For a landscape artist, nature is not an auxiliary part of the picture, but its main content.
2) In the house of Count I.S. Laval was visited by diplomats, dignitaries, famous writers, artists and musicians.
3) Sparrows boldly climb into any puddle and splash in both warm and cold water.
4) The Turbin brothers and their friends, due to the course of historical events, are torn from peaceful life and are faced with a terrible choice.
5) Nature has always had a strong influence on people, and yet landscape in painting appeared later than other genres.
Answer:
16. Place punctuation marks: indicate all the numbers that should be replaced by commas in the sentence.
Pretty village women and rosy-cheeked villagers in bright costumes (1) danced (2) danced in circles and rested thoughtfully under a spreading oak tree (3) resembling (4) actors dressed up as peasants (5).
Answer:_____________________________.
17. Place punctuation marks: indicate all the numbers that should be replaced by commas in sentences.
Still (1) sometimes (2) the artist managed to completely surrender to inspiration. At such a joyful hour (3) probably (4) an amazing portrait of an unknown young woman in a festive peasant dress was created.
Answer:_____________________________.
18. Place punctuation marks: indicate all the numbers that should be replaced by commas in the sentence.
Today, numerous classes of organic oxygen-containing compounds (1) are already well known and studied in detail; the formation (2) of which (3) can be imagined (4) as a result of the interaction of a hydrocarbon molecule with oxygen.
Answer:_____________________________.
19. Place punctuation marks: indicate all the numbers that should be replaced by commas in the sentence.
It is impossible not to love this amazing land (1) because it is beautiful (2) and (3) although all its charm is not revealed immediately (4) everyone over time begins to treasure this quiet land under a dim sky until it hurts their hearts.
Answer:_____________________________.
Read the text and complete tasks 20-25.
(1) Alyosha entered the telephone booth and dialed Slavkin’s number. (2)Busy...
(3) Having nothing else to do, Alyosha began to look at the numbers carelessly written and scratched on the inner wall of the booth.
(4) But this one, away from everyone else, is written neatly. (5) Without knowing why, Alyosha suddenly dialed this strange number.
“(6) I’m listening,” the telephone receiver suddenly spoke in a quiet, hoarse voice. - (7) I’m listening, who’s talking?
(8) It was still possible, without saying a word, to quickly press the lever... (9) But Alyosha unexpectedly said to himself:
- It's me...
(10) The invisible man was not at all surprised, and his voice somehow immediately warmed up and became louder.
- (11) Hello, baby! (12) I am very glad that you called. (13) You’re in a hurry, as always, right?... (14) Alyosha didn’t know what to answer. (15) That person, of course, mistook him for someone else; he had to immediately tell him about this and apologize.
- (16) How are you doing at school?
- (17) At school... it’s fine... - Alyosha muttered.
(18) The interlocutor apparently felt something; his voice again became hoarse.
- (19) Are you probably going to the pool or to the art studio now? (20) Well, run! (21) Thank you for calling. (22) I really look forward to your call every day, you know.
(23) The whole next day Alyosha thought about the man who was really looking forward to a call from some “baby”.
(24) And Alyosha decided to call again to apologize.
(25) The phone was picked up immediately.
- (26) 3hello, baby! (27) Thank you for not forgetting your grandfather! (28) Maybe you’ll come by sometime? (29) You know, I hardly go out... (30) My wounds, damn them!
- (31) Wounds?.. - Alyosha was horrified.
- (32) I told you, baby. (33) Really, you were still just a baby, you probably forgot? (34) I was wounded when I was still flying on Ilyukha the Humpbacked. (35) Yes, you called, and it makes me feel better. (36) I feel very good.
(37) Alyosha suddenly realized that he simply could not tell this old, battle-wounded man that he was talking to a deceiver.
(38) In the evening, Alyosha casually asked his father:
- Dad, what is “Ilyukha the Humpbacked”?
- (39) “Ilyukha the Humpbacked”? (40) This is the plane that was used during the war - the Il-2 attack aircraft. (41) The Germans were terribly afraid of him! (42) Called “Black Death”.
- (43) And if my grandfather had not died in the war, would we often go to see him?
(44) Father squeezed Alyosha’s hand.
- (45) If only my father were alive...
(46) He didn’t say anything more, he was a big and strong man. (47) And Alyosha thought that the grandfather of this unknown “baby” could also have died. (48) But the “baby” is amazingly, simply incredibly lucky in life!
(49) And you just need to call that person.
(50) The old man’s voice was almost cheerful.
- (51) Well, now every day is a holiday for me! (52) How are you, baby?
- (53) Normal! - Alyosha answered unexpectedly for himself. - (54) How are you, please tell me.
(55) The old man was very surprised. (56) Apparently, he’s not used to anyone being interested in his affairs.
- (57) Yes, everything is still the same for me. (58) It’s an old man’s business.
- (59) Did you see tanks during the war?
- (60) Tanks? (61) I covered them from the air. (62) Eh, baby, it happened once...
(63) The old man’s hoarse voice became clear, young and cheerful, and it began to seem that it was not an elderly man sitting in an empty old man’s apartment, but a combat pilot flying his formidable plane. (64) And the battle is all around, on the ground and in the sky. (65) And far below, our tank, tiny as a bug, is coming at the enemy. (66) And only he, the pilot of the formidable “Ilyukha-Humpbacked”, can still save this little one from a direct hit...
(67) Uncle Volodya, Alyosha’s neighbor from the ninth floor, worked in the police. (68) Coming to him in the evening, Alyosha confusedly told everything, and the next day he brought Alyosha a small piece of paper with his address and last name.
(69) An old pilot lived not very far away, six stops on the bus. (70) When Alyosha approached his house, he became thoughtful. (71) After all, the old pilot still thinks that he talks to his grandson every day. (72) Maybe, having learned the truth, he won’t even want to talk! (73) We should probably at least warn you first...
(74) Alyosha went into the telephone booth and dialed the number.
- (75) Is that you?.. - the boy heard a familiar voice on the phone. - (76) I immediately realized that it was you... (77) Are you calling from that machine downstairs?.. (78) Get up, I opened the door. (79) Let's get acquainted, grandson... (According to S. Georgiev)
Sergei Georgievich Georgiev (born in 1953) - writer, candidate of philosophical sciences.
20. Which of the statements correspond to the content of the text? Please provide answer numbers.
1) During the Great Patriotic War, fighters were used to cover ground guns with fire.
2) Inviting Alyosha to come up to his apartment, the old pilot understood that this was not his grandson.
3) Under no circumstances should you enter into a telephone conversation with a stranger.
4) Veterans of the Great Patriotic War need the younger generation to hear about what happened during the war.
5) Father helped Alyosha get the address of the pilot with whom Alyosha spoke on the phone.
Answer:_____________________________.
21. Which of the following statements are true? Please provide answer numbers.
1) Sentences 1-3 contain a narrative.
2) Proposition 30 explains the content of sentence 29.
3) Sentence 37 presents a narrative.
4) Propositions 71-73 contain reasoning.
5) Sentences 74-79 contain a description.
Answer:_____________________________.
22. From sentences 31-35, write down synonyms (synonymous pair).
Answer:_____________________________.
23. Among sentences 67-71, find one that is related to the previous one using a personal pronoun and word forms. Write the number of this offer.
Answer:_____________________________.
Read a fragment of a review based on the text that you analyzed while completing tasks 20-23.
This fragment examines the linguistic features of the text. Some terms used in the review are missing. Insert into the blanks (A, B, C, D) the numbers corresponding to the numbers of the terms from the list. Write down the corresponding number in the table under each letter. Write down the sequence of numbers in ANSWER FORM No. 1 to the right of task number 24, starting from the first cell, without spaces, commas or other additional characters. Write each number in accordance with the samples given in the form. Do not forget to transfer all answers to ANSWER FORM No. 1 in accordance with the instructions for completing the work.
24. “In an effort to explain to the reader why Alyosha dialed an unfamiliar number and continued the conversation he accidentally started, the author uses a lexical device - (A)___ (“carelessly” - “neatly” in sentences 3 and 4) and a trope such as (B)___ (“the voice warmed” in sentence 10). Using a form of speech such as (B)___ (sentences 39-43, 45, 51-54, 57-62), the author emphasizes the stable spiritual connection between son and father and the mutual need for communication between Alyosha and the old pilot. To create an idea of the feelings that an old pilot experiences when he is alone and when he talks about his military past with a caring person, the technique is used - (D)___(in sentence 63).”
List of terms:
1) synonyms 2) comparison 3) dialectisms
4) phraseological units 5) dialogue
6) opposition 7) metaphor
8) litotes 9) antonyms
Answer:
A B C D
Do not forget to transfer all answers to ANSWER FORM No. 1.
Part 2
To answer this task, use ANSWER FORM No. 2.
25. Write an essay based on the text you read.
Formulate one of the problems posed by the author of the text.
Comment on the formulated problem. Include in your comment two example illustrations from the text you read, which, in your opinion, are important for understanding the problem in the source text (avoid excessive quoting).
Formulate the position of the author (storyteller). Write whether you agree or disagree with the point of view of the author of the text you read. Explain why. Argue your opinion, relying primarily on reading experience, as well as knowledge and life observations (the first two arguments are taken into account). The volume of the essay is at least 150 words.
Work written without reference to the text read (not based on this text) is not graded. If the essay is a retelling or completely rewritten of the original text without any comments, then such work is scored zero points.
Write an essay carefully, legible handwriting.
"From the late 60s to the 90s, there was a powerful conglomerate of mountaineering sections in the region. The names of Samara and Tolyatti athletes thundered throughout the country. And throughout the country, a system of alpine training was developed. Prices for tickets to sports camps in the Caucasus, Elbrus region, and the Urals were symbolic. The children who studied in the sections had the opportunity to visit many peaks of the country. Now mountaineering has become a business. Even the instructors do not follow the rules of climbing. in the country now there is actually one person in charge at a civil servant's rate... All the rest are social activists. But in Samara there is now a revival of the traditions of mountaineering.." (from an interview with I.T. Dusharin)
Ivan Trofimovich Dusharin - climber, coach. Master of Sports of the USSR (1982), Master of Sports of Russia of international class (1992), “Snow Leopard”, instructor-methodologist of the 1st category (1980). Vice-President of the Russian Mountaineering Federation, Chairman of the educational and methodological commission of the Russian Mountaineering Federation. Repeated winner of mountaineering championships. He made about 300 ascents to peaks in various mountain regions of the country and the world. Including 4 peaks above 8000 m: Everest (8848 m) - three times, K2 (Chogori) (8611 m), Nanga Parbat (8125 m), Cho Oyu (8201 m), as well as 27 ascents to peaks above 7000 m .
Ivan Trofimovich was born on November 1, 1947 in the city of Pokhvistnevo, Kuibyshev region, into a large family.
1955-1963 studied at eight-year school No. 3 in Pokhvistnevo.
1963-1967 studied at the Kuibyshev Mechanical Engineering College, which he graduated in December 1967.
He began his sports career in 1964 in the mountaineering section. His first ascent took place in 1964 on the Adygene peak (4510 meters, Tien Shan).
Since 2007, Ivan Trofimovich has been the senior coach of the central school of instructors of the Russian Mountaineering Federation. Since 2007, he has headed the Interdepartmental Working Group on mountain training for military personnel and special forces personnel. Over the course of two years, under his leadership, a number of large-scale training camps were held in the mountains and more than 80 mountain training instructors were trained.
Ivan Trofimovich Dusharin is the author of the book “On a String Through the Abyss” (M.: Vneshtorgizdat, 2007) and the book “Across the Mountains to Yourself” (photo album). Nominee for the Golden Ice Ax (PIOLET D'OR) in 1998 for the first ascent (directissima) of the North Face of Changabeng, 6864 m, India.
Awards and medals:
- Order of Friendship of Peoples
- Silver medal of VDNKh
- certificates, diplomas and medals of Championships and Championships in mountaineering.
On April 24, 2008, by order of the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation, he was awarded a state award - the medal “FOR STRENGTHENING THE COMMONWEALTH”.
Married, has two sons and a grandson.
Autograph session, Tolyatti, 2014 
Ivan Dusharin at the presentation of his new book ()
Climber Dusharin made over 300 ascents and conquered 18 seven-thousander peaks. His first ascent took place in 1964 on the Adygene peak (4510 meters, Tien Shan). Conquered Peak Communism (7495 meters, Pamir, Soviet-American Expedition) in 1978, Korzhenevskaya Peak (7150 meters) in 1983, Ancogua Peak (Patagonia, Argentina) in 1991, Everest (8848 meters, Himalayas, Nepal) in 1992 ), in 1995 Mont Blanc (4810 meters, France), in 1996 K-2 (8611 meters, Chogori, China), in 1997 Nanga Parbat peak (8125 meters, Pakistan), in 1998 Changa Berg peak ( 6864 meters, India).
Chronology of ascents:
- 1979. Climbing Dalar Peak and Ak-Kaya Peak (first ascent) - 4th place in the USSR Championship in full-time rock class.
- 1980. Climbing Dzhigit Peak along the northern face (Slyosov route) - 1st place in the championship of the Central Sports Society "Trud". First ascent of Oguz-Bashi peak along the northern face - 6th place in the USSR Championship in the technical class.
- 1981. Climbing the South Karaganda peak along the western wall - 2nd place in the championship of the Central Sports Society "Trud".
- 1982. Alpine camp "Dugoba". Climbing Constructors Peak (first ascent) along the center of the southern wall. Peak Leningradets in the center of the north-eastern wall (first ascent) - 1st place in the championship of the Central Sports Society "Trud". Peak of the XXII Olympiad (first ascent) along the right side of the center of the eastern wall. Peak Uzbekistan along the northern wall. Sagoo Peak by “feathers”. In terms of points scored for the most difficult climbs and prize-winning places in the CS championships, I. Dusharin fulfilled the standards of the USSR Master of Sports.
- 1983. International alpine camp "Pamir-83". Climbing the seven-thousander Korzhenevskaya Peak along the southern wall (Dobrovolsky route). Climbing Lenin Peak (via Razdelnaya).
- 1984. Climbing Wil Pata Peak. International alpine camp "Pamir-84", E. Korzhenevskaya peak. To the peaks of Khokhlova and Communism along the northwestern buttress of the eastern ridge (via Khokhlova peak).
- 1985. Climbing Box Peak. Lithuania Peak along the 4th bastion of the southwestern wall.
- 1986. In the international alpine camp “Pamir-86”, ascents to Korzhenevskaya Peak and Clara Zetkin Peak along the western face.
- 1987. To Lenin Peak through the Lipkin rocks. Traverse of Khokhlova and Communism peaks through the BPP and Khokhlova peak. To Korzhenevskaya peak along the southern edge.
- 1988. Climbing Khan Tengri Peak along the southwestern slope.
- 1989 In the international alpine camp "Pamir-89" climb to Korzhenevskaya Peak along the southern edge, to Lenin Peak (via Razdelnaya). In the Tien Shan, climbing the seven-thousander Pobeda Peak from the Dikiy Pass through the Vazha Pshavela peak.
- 1990. Expedition of the alpine club "Vertical" to South Inylchek. To the peak of Evgenia Korzhenevskaya from the Moskvin glacier (along the Romanov route). To the peaks of Khokhlov and Communism along the northern slope from the Walter Glacier.
- 01/26/1991. Summit of Aconcagua (Argentina), 6959 m.
- 02/10/1991. Fitz Roy (Argentina, Patagonia), 3750 m (American route). Blucher Peak along the northern wall of the northern ridge in Karakol. Khan Tengri on the southwestern slope.
- 05/12/1992. Climbing to the top of Everest via the South Col.
- 1993. Motor rally in VAZ (Niva) cars along the route Togliatti - Lenin Peak - Togliatti (10,000 km), including more than 1,000 km on mountain roads.
- 1994. International alpine camp "Navruz" (Pamir). Korzhenevskaya Peak along the southwestern ridge. Peaks of Khokhlov and Communism along the northern buttress from the Walter glacier (Bezzubkin route) - 1st place in the CIS championship in the high-altitude class. Peaks of Khokhlov and Communism through the BPP. Peak Korzhenevskaya.
- 1995. May 21 McKinley (USA, Alaska), 6194 m, classic route. Mont Blanc de Tecule (France, Alps, Chamonix). Mont Blanc (France), 4810 m. Petit Dru (France, Chamonix).
- 1996. Expedition to Karakorum. Climbing K-2 (Chogori), 8611 m, along the northern edge from the territory of China.
- 1997. International expedition to Pakistan (Himalayas). Climbing Nanga Parbat, 8125 m, along the Diamir Wall - 1st place in the CIS championship in the high-altitude climbing class.
- 1998. International expedition to the Indian Himalayas. Climbing the top of Changabeng, 6864 m, along the center of the northern wall (first ascent) - 2nd place in the Russian Championship in the high-altitude technical climbing class.
- year 2000. Dior Peak (Pakistan, Hindu Kush), 5499 m, along the north face (first ascent).
- 2002. Peak Cho Oyu (China, Tibet), 8201 m, on the northern slope.
- 2003. Pakistan, Karakoram. First ascent of an unnamed peak, 6850 m, in the area of the Hispar glacier.
- 2005 year. China, Tibet. Summit of Everest from the North Col.
- 2006. China, Kun-Lun. Peak Kokodak, 7210 m (first ascent).
- 2007. Pakistan, Karakoram_(mountain_system). Expedition to (K-1) Masherbrum, 7821 m. Altitude reached 6800 m.
- 2008. France, Alps, Chamonix, Climbing Mont Blanc, 4810 m.
- 2010. Pakistan, Karakoram_(mountain_system). Expedition to Kanzhut Shar, 7826 m. Altitude reached 7450 m.
- year 2012. China, Tibet. Summit of Everest (see video).
Ivan Trofimovich Dusharin. Excerpt from the diary. Everest:
“The first steps of the steep climb are very difficult. I’m trying to keep up with Abramov ahead, but I can’t do it. I ask Sherpa Passang:
- Oxygen, okay? For letter?
He confirms that everything is OK. For personal inspection you need to take off your backpack, and this is a waste of time. And behind me are the rest of the climbers. I tolerate it. I breathe like a locomotive, with all the power of my lungs. But the gap between the top two and me is not closing.
In this mode, I won’t make it to the mountain, flashed through my head. How dead I am! Or is it a disease, antibiotics have weakened the body so much?
Finally, the first short rest. Luda is ahead. I approach them. I had a hard time catching my breath.
Luda, look what’s wrong with my oxygen supply? Everything is fine? Something is very difficult for me. I can’t keep up with you, I turn to the captain of our team.
Ivan Trofimovich, your oxygen supply is 2 liters, but when climbing you need four liters per minute. Who regulated this for you?
Passang. Although, I not only told him odds, that is, four, but also showed him with my fingers.
Well, I’ve laid everything out for you as it should.
Thank you, you are smart!
The movement began, I was already free to keep the desired pace and was not out of breath so much, and I could even think about something, evaluate: What are we doing? What is climbing Everest?
The village of Seredka is the birthplace of the storyteller Ivan Trofimovich Ryabinin. This village, like Garnitsy, is located on Bolshoy Klimenets Island. The second representative of the Ryabinin epic tradition, Ivan Trofimovich Ryabinin (1844-1908), was born and spent his youth here. Until 1878, I. T. Ryabinin lived in the village of Seredka in his father’s house; After his marriage, he moved to the village of Garnitsy in the Sennogubsky churchyard.
I. T. Ryabinin became widely known through numerous performances singing epics in Russia and abroad.
The storyteller's first trip to familiarize his compatriots with the monuments of ancient Russian literature took place in January 1893. In St. Petersburg, the listeners of the Zaonezh singer were members of the Russian Geographical Society, teachers and students of the university and secondary educational institutions.
I. E. Repin, who was present at one of the narrator’s performances, captured I. T. Ryabinin at the moment of singing the epic.
A year later, Muscovites also became acquainted with the performing skills of Ryabinin Jr. “...His soulful, somewhat suppressed, but soft and high tenor voice resounded in the hall, immediately enchanting the listeners with the originality and beauty of the melody,” one of his contemporaries wrote in those days, “The ugly, motionless features of his emaciated face acquired a new expression - of extraordinary importance, almost severity... At the end of each epic there was no end to delight and applause, but Ryabinin treated them, outwardly at least, rather indifferently.”
The public's lively response to the performances was reflected in the press. “Living Antiquity”, “Strannik”, “Russian Thought”, “Russian Review” and other magazines wrote about the peasant from Kizhi.
“In the performance itself,” noted the Russian Review magazine, “Ivan Trofimovich, despite the completely natural rawness, is very musical. He remarkably faithfully maintains the rhythm and tone once taken, and no matter how long the piece he performs, he will not sin against either one or the other. Ivan Trofimovich sings the first half of each epic, but “tells” the second... Ryabinin’s language is very correct, purely Russian.”
In the same 1894, composer A. S. Arensky recorded the melodies of I. T. Ryabinin’s epics and subsequently created on their basis the piano concert “Fantasies on the themes of Ryabinin’s epics.”
By decision of the Society of Lovers of Natural History, Anthropology and Ethnography, Ivan Trofimovich Ryabinin “as the best storyteller of our time” was awarded a bronze medal to be worn on his chest.
The range of folklore works by I. T. Ryabinin was somewhat smaller than his father’s repertoire and was limited to seventeen subjects, however, this material also allowed and allows us to see in the person of Ivan Trofimovich one of the best guardians of Russian epic poetry of the late 19th - early 20th centuries.
Having learned about the significant folk repertoire and masterful manner of performance of Ivan Trofimovich, L. N. Tolstoy noted that “a singer like Ryabinin can safely be called a phenomenon not only for Russia, but for all of Europe.” The writer's words became prophetic.
In 1902, after successful performances in St. Petersburg, Kyiv and Odessa, I. T. Ryabinin went abroad. Constant success accompanied him in Constantinople and Philippolis, in Sofia and Nis, Belgrade and Vienna, Prague and Warsaw. In Sofia, up to seven hundred people gathered in the audiences where the narrator sang, in Nis - up to a thousand, and he attracted “a huge number of listeners” in Warsaw. From Warsaw I. T. Ryabinin headed to St. Petersburg, and from there, passing Petrozavodsk, to Garnitsy.
Ivan Trofimovich died in the village of Garnitsy and was buried in the old cemetery in the village of Sennaya Guba.
After Ivan Trofimovich, the family epic tradition was supported first by his stepson, Ivan Gerasimovich Ryabinin-Andreev, and then, in the fourth generation, by Ivan Gerasimovich’s son, Pyotr Ivanovich.
In the native village of I. T. Ryabinin, the house in which he was born and lived has long been gone. And yet, the very place where he spent his childhood and youth, where the craving for oral poetry was inherited from his father, where respect for the best creations of past centuries was born to illuminate his whole life, this place, without a doubt, deserves attention and veneration.
...The house of the peasant Elizarov, transported to Kizhi from here, from the village of Seredka, now reminds us of what the Ryabinins’ house could have looked like.
