How many people were in the Politburo of the USSR? The USSR. composition of the highest governing bodies of the CPSU and the USSR. T. Ya. Kiselev

How much did members of the CPSU Central Committee receive January 26th, 2017

Hello dears.
The other day I was reading with great interest V. Sukhodrev’s book “Language is my friend” (and I think I will introduce you to parts of this interesting book next month) and an interesting phrase caught my eye. About shopping of the top officials of our country abroad. Viktor Mikhailovich mentioned a paradoxical (for me personally) fact that the Minister of Foreign Affairs of our country, the famous “Mr. No” Andrei Andreevich Gromyko was...constrained in funds until he joined the Presidium of the Central Committee. This was said in the context that he chose gifts carefully and with an eye on his own wallet. Without doubting for a second the integrity of Andrei Andreevich, who served the state out of conscience and honor, and not for the sake of Mammon, I still decided to look into this issue a little. And interesting things opened up... The system, let's say, was not easy.


Let's start with the first years of the life of the Soviet state. Vladimir Ilyich Lenin can and should be criticized for many things that he did in his life, but what he can definitely be noted for is the introduction of some democratic things and attempts to bring the party closer to the people. At the very beginning of the 20s, the leader of the world proletariat, the legislator introduced the so-called party maximum, a system according to which the wages of a party worker should not exceed the earnings of a qualified worker. The idea was not bad in theory, since (again in theory) it would tear away from leadership positions the individuals who had been sucked in, who came to power solely for the sake of ensuring their own benefits. In the end, nothing came of it, as it only got worse. Many senior managers were not particularly affected, but ordinary workers began to almost starve. Simple work was not always paid at the minimum, and also irregularly. Accordingly, people on the ground began to look for ways to replenish their budgets. And as you understand, they were found. And already at the 11th party conference in 1922, an attempt was made to regulate this process legislatively, so to speak. A decision was made according to which party workers were provided with housing at the expense of the treasury (remember Bulgakov and his phrase about the housing issue), qualified medical care and state assistance in raising children. But at the same time, the party maximum (the same for everyone) was fixed at around 155 rubles per month. However, it was soon raised to 175 rubles, and then even at 225 rubles. Considering that price level and the gradual recovery of the economy (the country was beginning to rise from ruin), life could be quite bearable.

By the mid-30s, no one remembered the party maximum, but the privileges of party workers, and above all the top of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks, flourished. The top officials of the state used state apartments and dachas, drove around in state-owned cars, sewed clothes in a special sewing machine, received acutely scarce goods, enjoyed all the benefits of civilization and did not pay for anything. At all. Brave wits (brave, because it was actually possible to get a prison sentence) said that communism was built in individual Soviet families :-)

All this continued until the end of the war, when I.V., extremely ascetic in everyday life. Stalin did not decide to take the issue of fighting privileges seriously.
At the very end of 1947, by decision of the Politburo, the salaries of all the country's leaders were increased several times, but unlimited free access to material goods ceased. From January 1, 1948, the minister or secretary of the Central Committee was to receive 8,000 rubles. The head of government, Stalin himself, and the chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR began to receive 10,000 rubles. per month. But it was planned" prohibit from January 1, 1948 the sale of industrial goods through a closed network for members and candidate members of the Politburo, secretaries of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks and other senior officials supplied through the Ministry of State Security".
At the same time, the salaries of middle and small-level apparatchiks were set at 800 - 1200 rubles, slightly higher than the average salary in the country. Is it a lot or a little? Well...it's a relative concept. After the abolition of cards at the end of 47, the price level was approximately as follows: a kilogram of rye bread cost 3 rubles, wheat - 4 rubles 40 kopecks, a kilogram of buckwheat - 12 rubles, sugar - 15 rubles, butter - 64 rubles, sunflower oil - 30 rubles, frozen pike perch - 12 rubles, coffee - 75 rubles; liter of milk - 3-4 rubles; a dozen eggs - 12-16 rubles; a bottle of Zhigulevskoye beer - 7 rubles; half-liter bottle of “Moscow” vodka - 60 rubles.
It was much worse with non-food products, and sometimes it was impossible to get them even for a lot of money.


Naturally, this did not suit the party workers, and they were looking for opportunities to return their privileges. The solution was found quickly. The so-called envelope system was introduced. Not all of them, of course, but very many addressed the Central Committee with a letter in which, “due to their difficult financial situation,” they asked for a “temporary monetary allowance.”
Very quickly certain standards were established for officials of all ranks. For example, a member of the collegium of the Union Ministry and the head of a sector of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks, equivalent to him, received an envelope containing 5,000 rubles, for which they were not required to pay taxes and party contributions. The deputy minister and the deputy head of the Central Committee department already received 10,000 rubles, and the first deputies received 15,000 rubles. The minister and the department head received envelopes containing 20,000 rubles. with an official salary of 5,000 rubles. Higher is more. Although there is no official information.

I. Stalin knew about this system, but either he realized that it was useless to fight such things, or he believed that in this way bribery could be minimized as much as possible, and there was a fat hook for every party worker....
Malenkov, who replaced Stalin as head of government, with the consent of Beria, tried to reduce the burden on the state and party budget. On May 26, 1953, a resolution was adopted by the Council of Ministers of the USSR on changing the norms of “temporary monetary allowance.” Malenkov sharply reduced the amount of payments to some government officials of the Union republics and completely deprived others of the envelopes. Destroyed the system. and was doomed. The party did not follow him.
Khrushchov promised to return payments to the previous level, but very quickly calculated the economy and in January 1957, the system of monthly issuance of envelopes was abolished completely. Moreover, memories of the party maximum began to appear in Khrushchev’s rhetoric.
After the monetary reform of 1961, wages became more or less stable. The level is something like this:
1. Secretary General - 1500 rubles per month.
2. Member of the Politburo - 1200 rubles per month
3. Candidate for Members of the Politburo - 1000 rubles.
4. Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee - 800 r.
5. Minister - 800 rub.
6. First secretary of the district committee - 250 rubles.
At the same time, the average Soviet employee and specialist receives about 170 rubles per month.

That is, it turns out that the secretary of the district committee receives the average salary in the country? Well... not really. He spends one of the 12 months of the year on vacation (vacation to the Central Committee - 30 days + days spent traveling to the place of rest and back, vacation for an ordinary worker - 12-18 working days a year). When going on vacation, the district committee secretary receives not only the twelfth, but at the same time the thirteenth salary - an additional 250 rubles, supposedly “for treatment.” However, he does not spend any money on treatment or on vacation at all. He is given a free monthly pass to a sanatorium. A ticket to the same sanatorium is provided at a significant discount to his wife, and the children are sent to an excellent pioneer camp. This means, in fact, a 13-month salary for 11 months of the year. It turns out about 300 rubles per month.
Then there are various allowances. For length of service, for experience, for knowledge of foreign languages. This is about another 50 rubles per month.
And that is not all. Additionally - coupons for supposedly “therapeutic food”, which were usually issued in special rations with some shortages. They took money for this ration, but it was incompatible with real prices. They paid 80 rubles and received 350 rubles. As a result, another 250 rubles plus.
That is, in the end it turned out to be about 700 rubles, and this is at the grassroots level. Further more.

Returning to the beginning of this post and having no doubt that Gromyko did not enjoy many of the benefits listed above, we can say that living within the country was not even bad at this level of income. But with gifts abroad... I don’t know. I just don’t know how much currency could be changed. However, the difference between 1000 rubles as a candidate for Membership and a Member of the Politburo is not so much a difference in income.
I hope you found it interesting.
Have a nice time of day.

Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the CRSU, - leading party. body elected by the plenum of the Central Committee of the party to lead the political. the work of the Central Committee between plenums; existed 1917-52; By decision of the 19th Congress of the CPSU (1952), it was transformed into the Presidium of the CPSU Central Committee. The Politburo was restored by the decision of the XXIII Congress of the CPSU (1966). At a meeting of the Central Committee of the RSDLP (b) 10 (23) Oct. 1917 for political leadership in the near future, at the suggestion of F. E. Dzerzhinsky, Politich was created. bureau (Politburo) consisting of: V. I. Lenin, A. S. Bubnov, G. E. Zinoviev, L. B. Kamenev, G. Ya. Sokolnikov, I. V. Stalin, L. D. Trotsky. The Party began to function as a permanent body from the Eighth Party Congress (March 1919). P. decided the most important political and economic issues. and intrapart. questions. The Secretariat of the Central Committee carried out the preparation of questions for the meetings of the P. To develop individual issues, P. created special ones. commissions. Some meetings of the P. were held jointly with the Organizing Bureau of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks. P. could be present at meetings with the right to consult. member's voices Central Committee and representatives of the Presidium of the Central Control Commission. P. played an important role in the general management of the household. construction during the pre-war five-year plans, in strengthening the country's defense capability, in improving material culture. the situation of workers. During the years of Vel. Fatherland war, especially before the formation of the State Defense Committee, P. managed all issues of protecting the Fatherland from the Nazis. invasions, the creation of military economy. In accordance with the Charter adopted by the 19th Congress of the CPSU (October 1952), the P. was transformed into the Presidium of the CPSU Central Committee. XXIII Congress of the CPSU April 8 1966, in its resolution on partial changes to the Charter of the CPSU, restored the existence of the CPSU, indicating that the CPSU Central Committee elects the CPSU Central Committee to lead the work of the party between plenums of the Central Committee; At the same time, the post of General Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee was restored. -***-***-***- Composition of the Politburo of the CPSU Central Committee since 1919 (in parentheses it is indicated from what year the party member) Politburo elected at the Plenum of the Central Committee of the RCP (b) 25.III.1919. Members: L. V. Kamenev (1901-27; 1928-32; 1933-34), N. N. Krestinsky (1903), V. I. Lenin (1893), I. V. Stalin (1898), L. D. Trotsky (in the Social Democratic movement from 1897, 1917-27). Candidates: N. I. Bukharin (1906), G. E. Zinoviev (1901-27; 1928-32; 1933-34), M. I. Kalinin (1898). Politburo, elected at the Plenum of the Central Committee of the RCP (b) 5.IV.1920. Members: L. B. Kamenev, H. N. Krestinsky, V. I. Lenin, I. V. Stalin, L. D. Trotsky. Candidates: N. I. Bukharin, G. E. Zinoviev, M. I. Kalinin. Politburo, elected at the Plenum of the Central Committee of the RCP (b) 16.III.1921. Members: L. B. Kamenev, G. E. Zinoviev, V. I. Lenin, I. V. Stalin, L. D. Trotsky. Candidates: N. I. Bukharin, M. I. Kalinin, V. M. Molotov (1906). Politburo, recruited at the Plenum of the Central Committee of the RCP (b) 3.IV.1922. Members: G. E. Zinoviev, L. V. Kamenev, V. I. Lenin, I. V. Stalin, L. D. Trotsky. Candidates: N. I. Bukharin, M. I. Kalinin, V. M. Molotov. Politburo, elected at the Plenum of the Central Committee of the RCP (b) 26.IV.1923. Members: G. E. Zinoviev, L. V. Kamenev, V. I. Lenin, A. I. Rykov (1899), I. V. Stalin, M. P. Tomsky (1904), L. D. Trotsky. Candidates: N. I. Bukharin, M. I. Kalinin, V. M. Molotov, Ya. Z. Rudzutak (1905). Politburo, elected at the Plenum of the Central Committee of the RCP (b) 2.VI.1924, Members: N. I. Bukharin, G. E. Zinoviev, L. B. Kamenev, A. I. Rykov, I. V. Stalin, M. P. Tomsky, L. D. Trotsky. Candidates: F. E. Dzerzhinsky (1895), M. I. Kalinin, V. M. Molotov, Ya. E. Rudzutak, G. Ya. Sokolnikov (1905-1936), M. V. Frunze (1904). Politburo, elected at the Plenum of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks on January 1, 1926. Members: N. I. Bukharin, K. E. Voroshilov (1903), G. E. Zinoviev, M. I. Kalinin, V. M. Molotov, A. I. Rykov, I. V. Stalin, M. P Tomsky, L. D. Trotsky. Candidates: F. E. Dzerzhinsky, L. B. Kamenev, G. I. Petrovsky (1897), Ya. E. Rudzutak, N. A. Uglanov (1907-32; 1932-36). Plenum of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) 14 - 23.VII.1926 relieved member. Politburo G. E. Zinoviev; elected Ya. E. Rudzutak to the Politburo. The list of candidates for membership has been approved. P.: A. A. Andreev (1914), L. M. Kaganovich (1911), L. B. Kamenev, S. M. Kirov (1904), A. I. Mikoyan (1915), G. K. Ordzhonikidze (1903), G. I. Petrovsky, N. A. Uglanov. The joint plenum of the Central Committee and the Central Control Commission of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks on October 23, 1926 relieved L. D. Trotsky, member of the Politburo, from his duties; relieved the candidate member from his duties. Politburo L. B. Kamenev. The joint plenum of the Central Committee and the Central Control Commission of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks on November 3, 1926 relieved the candidate member from his duties. Politburo G. K. Ordzhonikidze; elected as a candidate member Politburo of V. Ya. Chubar (1907). Politburo, elected at the Plenum of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks on December 19, 1927. Members: N. I. Bukharin, K. E. Voroshilov, M. I. Kalinin, V. V. Kuibyshev, V. M. Molotov, A. I. Rykov, Ya. E. Rudzutak, I. V. Stalin, M. P. Tomsky. Candidates: A. A. Andreev, L. M. Kaganovich, S. M. Kirov, S. V. Kosior (1907), A. I. Mikoyan, G. I. Petrovsky, N. A. Uglanov, V. Ya. Chubar. The Plenum of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks on April 29, 1929 relieved the candidate member from his duties. Politburo N. A. Uglanov; approved as a candidate for membership. Politburo of K. Ya. Bauman (1907). The Plenum of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks on June 21, 1929 approved the candidate for membership. Politburo of S. I. Syrtsov (1913). The Plenum of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) 10 - 17.11.1929 removed N.I. Bukharin from the Politburo. Politburo elected at the Plenum of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) 13. VII.1930. Members: K. E. Voroshilov, L. M. Kaganovich, M. I. Kalinin, S. M. Kirov, S. V. Kosior, V. V. Kuibyshev, V. M. Molotov, Ya. E. Rudzutak, A. I. Rykov, I. V. Stalin. Candidates: A. A. Andreev, A. I. Mikoyan, G. I. Petrovsky, S. I. Syrtsov, V. Ya. Chubar. The joint plenum of the Central Committee and the Central Control Commission of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) 17 - 21.12.1930 relieved the candidate member from his duties. Politburo A. A. Andreev; introduced G. K. Ordzhonikidze to the Politburo; relieved member of duties Politburo A.I. Rykov. Politburo, elected at the Plenum of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks on 10.2.1934. Members: A. A. Andreev, K. E. Voroshilov, L. M. Kaganovich. M. I. Kalinin, S. M. Kirov, S. V. Kosior, V. V. Kuibyshev, V. M. Molotov, G. K. Ordzhonikidze, I. V. Stalin. Candidates: A. I. Mikoyan, G. I. Petrovsky, P. P. Postyshev (1904), Y. E. Rudzutak, V. Ya. Chubar. The Plenum of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks on January 1, 1935 introduced A. I. Mikoyan to the Politburo; introduced candidates to membership. Politburo A. A. Zhdanov (1915) and R. I. Eikhe (1905). The Plenum of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks on October 11 - 12, 1937 introduced candidates for membership. Politburo N. I. Ezhov (1917). Plenum of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) Jan. 1938 released from the list of candidates for membership. Politburo of P. P. Postyshev; introduced candidates to membership. Politburo of N. S. Khrushchev (1918). Politburo, elected at the Plenum of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks on March 22, 1939. Members: A. A. Andreev, K. E. Voroshilov, A. A. Zhdanov, L. M. Kaganovich, M. I. Kalinin, A. I. Mikoyan, V. M. Molotov, I. V. Stalin, N. S. Khrushchev. Candidates: L. P. Beria (1917), N. M. Shvernik (1905). Plenum of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) Feb. 1941 introduced candidates for membership. Politburo of G. M. Malenkov (1920), N. A. Voznesensky (1919), A. S. Shcherbakov (1918). The Plenum of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks in March 1946 introduced L. P. Beria and G. M. Malenkov into the Politburo; elected as candidates for membership. Politburo N.A. Bulganin (1917) and A.N. Kosygin (1927). Plenum of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) Feb. 1948 Inducted N.A. Bulganin and A.N. Kosygin into the Politburo. (From 1952 to 1966 there was a Presidium of the CPSU Central Committee). Politburo of the CPSU Central Committee, elected at the Plenum of the CPSU Central Committee on April 8, 1966. Members: L. I. Brezhnev (1931), G. I. Voronov (1931), A. P. Kirilenko (1931), A. N. Kosygin, K. T. Mazurov (1940), A. Ya. Pelshe ( 1915), N.V. Podgorny (1930), D.S. Polyansky (1939), M.A. Suslov (1921), A.N. Shelepin (1940), P.E. Shelest (1928). Candidates: V. V. Grishin (1939), P. N. Demichev (1939), D. A. Kunaev (1939), P. M. Masherov (1943), V. P. Mzhavanadze (1927), Sh. R Rashidov (1939), D. F. Ustinov (1927), V. V. Shcherbitsky (1941). The plenum of the CPSU Central Committee on June 21, 1967 elected a candidate member. Politburo of the CPSU Central Committee Yu. V. Andropov (1939).

The Politburo began to function as a permanent body in March 1919, after the Eighth Party Congress. Held in March 1919, it adopted a resolution “On the organizational issue,” according to which the Party Central Committee pledged to create a Politburo, and. The resolution stated:

“The Central Committee organizes, firstly: the Political Bureau, secondly: the Organizational Bureau, thirdly: the Secretariat. Political Bureau consists of 5 members of the Central Committee. All other members of the Central Committee who have the opportunity to participate in a particular meeting of the Political Bureau have an advisory voice at the meeting of the Political Bureau. The political bureau makes decisions on urgent issues and reports on all its work to the next plenary meeting of the Central Committee within two weeks.”

This decision was enshrined in the Charter of the RCP (b), adopted by the Eighth All-Russian Party Conference in December 1919.

In accordance with the Charter adopted in October by the 19th Congress of the CPSU, the Politburo was transformed into. The XXIII Congress of the CPSU on April 8, 1966, in its resolution on partial changes to the CPSU Charter, restored the existence of the Politburo, indicating that the CPSU Central Committee elects the Politburo of the CPSU Central Committee to lead the work of the party between plenums of the Central Committee.

Functions and meaning

The Politburo resolved the most important political, economic and internal party issues. The preparation of issues for Politburo meetings was carried out by the Secretariat of the Central Committee. To develop certain issues, the Politburo created special commissions. Members of the Central Committee could attend meetings of the Politburo with the right to an advisory vote. The Politburo played an important role in the overall management of economic development, in strengthening the country's defense capability, and in improving the material and cultural situation of the working people.

Activity

In the 1960-80s, meetings of the Politburo of the Central Committee were held on Thursdays, from 16:00 to 18-19:00 under the chairmanship of either the Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee M.A. Suslov, in their absence - the head of the General Department of the Central Committee. Since July 1982, after the election of Yu. V. Andropov as Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee, he sometimes chaired Politburo meetings.

The agenda of meetings of the Politburo of the Central Committee usually included more than a dozen issues, for each of which there was a speaker appointed in advance, draft decisions prepared and sent to members and candidate members of the Politburo for preliminary review, explanatory notes justifying them, prepared by relevant government departments and “endorsed” (agreed ) with co-executors.

Materials for the meetings - agendas, notes and certificates, proposals and draft decisions were prepared by the General Department of the CPSU Central Committee and sent to members and candidate members of the Politburo by courier, as a rule, on Tuesday (they were delivered to non-resident members of the PB by courier service). Proposals and draft decisions (resolutions) of the Politburo were prepared both by departments of the CPSU Central Committee and, on special instructions, by the relevant government departments.

Politburo decisions were made unanimously. In case of disagreement, the final decision was made by voting of the PB members and formalized by the relevant resolutions.

Compound

In parentheses it is indicated in which year a member of the Politburo or a candidate member of the Politburo of the CPSU Central Committee joined the party or, if he was expelled from the party, then the period during which he was a member of the party is indicated.

• Members: L. V. Kamenev (1901-27; 1928-32; 1933-34), N. N. Krestinsky (1903), V. I. Lenin (1893), I. V. Stalin (1898), L. D. Trotsky (in the Social Democratic movement from 1897, 1917-27).
• Candidates: N. I. Bukharin (1906), G. E. Zinoviev (1901-27; 1928-32; 1933-34), M. I. Kalinin (1898).

In July-September 1919, by agreement of the Politburo and the Organizing Bureau of the Central Committee, E. D. Stasova was temporarily included in the Politburo.

• Members: L. B. Kamenev, N. N. Krestinsky, V. I. Lenin, I. V. Stalin, L. D. Trotsky.
• Candidates: N. I. Bukharin, G. E. Zinoviev, M. I. Kalinin.

• Members: L. B. Kamenev, G. E. Zinoviev, V. I. Lenin, I. V. Stalin, L. D. Trotsky.
• Candidates: N. I. Bukharin, M. I. Kalinin, V. M. Molotov (1906).

• Members: G. E. Zinoviev, L. B. Kamenev, V. I. Lenin, I. V. Stalin, L. D. Trotsky.
• Candidates: N. I. Bukharin, M. I. Kalinin, V. M. Molotov.

• Members: G. E. Zinoviev, L. B. Kamenev, V. I. Lenin, A. I. Rykov (1899), I. V. Stalin, M. P. Tomsky (1904), L. D. Trotsky.
• Candidates: N. I. Bukharin, M. I. Kalinin, V. M. Molotov, Ya. E. Rudzutak (1905).

• Members: N. I. Bukharin, G. E. Zinoviev, L. B. Kamenev, A. I. Rykov, I. V. Stalin, M. P. Tomsky, L. D. Trotsky.
• Candidates: F. E. Dzerzhinsky (1895), M. I. Kalinin, V. M. Molotov, Ya. E. Rudzutak, G. Ya. Sokolnikov (1905-1936), M. V. Frunze (1904).

• Members: N. I. Bukharin, K. E. Voroshilov (1903), G. E. Zinoviev, M. I. Kalinin, V. M. Molotov, A. I. Rykov, I. V. Stalin, M. P Tomsky, L. D. Trotsky.
• Candidates: F. E. Dzerzhinsky, L. B. Kamenev, G. I. Petrovsky (1897), Ya. E. Rudzutak, N. A. Uglanov (1907-32; 1932-36).

July 14-23, 1926 The Plenum of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks relieved G. E. Zinoviev of his duties as a member of the Politburo; elected Ya. E. Rudzutak to the Politburo. The composition of candidates for members of the Politburo was approved: A. A. Andreev (1914), L. M. Kaganovich (1911), L. B. Kamenev, S. M. Kirov (1904), A. I. Mikoyan (1915), G. K. Ordzhonikidze (1903), G. I. Petrovsky, N. A. Uglanov.

October 23, 1926 the joint Plenum of the Central Committee and the Central Control Commission of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks relieved Politburo member L. D. Trotsky from his duties; relieved of his duties candidate member of the Politburo L. B. Kamenev.

November 3, 1926 the joint Plenum of the Central Committee and the Central Control Commission of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks relieved candidate member of the Politburo G. K. Ordzhonikidze from his duties; elected V. Ya. Chubar as a candidate member of the Politburo (1907).

• Members: N. I. Bukharin, K. E. Voroshilov, M. I. Kalinin, V. V. Kuibyshev, V. M. Molotov, A. I. Rykov, Ya. E. Rudzutak, I. V. Stalin, M. P. Tomsky.
• Candidates: A. A. Andreev, L. M. Kaganovich, S. M. Kirov, S. V. Kosior (1907), A. I. Mikoyan, G. I. Petrovsky, N. A. Uglanov, V. Ya Chubar.

April 29, 1929 The Plenum of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks relieved candidate member of the Politburo N.A. Uglanov from his duties; approved K. Ya. Bauman as a candidate member of the Politburo (1907).

June 21, 1929 The Plenum of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks approved S. I. Syrtsov as a candidate member of the Politburo (1913).

• Members: K. E. Voroshilov, L. M. Kaganovich, M. I. Kalinin, S. M. Kirov, S. V. Kosior, V. V. Kuibyshev, V. M. Molotov, Ya. Z. Rudzutak, A. I. Rykov, I. V. Stalin.
• Candidates: A. A. Andreev, A. I. Mikoyan, G. I. Petrovsky, S. I. Syrtsov, V. Ya. Chubar.

December 17-21, 1930 the joint Plenum of the Central Committee and the Central Control Commission of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks relieved candidate member of the Politburo A. A. Andreev from his duties; introduced G. K. Ordzhonikidze to the Politburo; relieved A.I. Rykov, a member of the Politburo, from his duties.

• Members: A. A. Andreev, K. E. Voroshilov, L. M. Kaganovich, M. I. Kalinin, S. M. Kirov, S. V. Kosior, V. V. Kuibyshev, V. M. Molotov, G. K. Ordzhonikidze, I. V. Stalin.
• Candidates: A. I. Mikoyan, G. I. Petrovsky, P. P. Postyshev (1904), Y. E. Rudzutak, V. Ya. Chubar

November 1, 1935 The Plenum of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks introduced A. I. Mikoyan to the Politburo; introduced A. A. Zhdanov (1915) and R. I. Eikhe (1905) as candidates for Politburo membership.

May 26, 1937 expelled from the Central Committee of the party by J. E. Rudzutak. (No decisions on his removal from the Politburo have been found).

October 11-12, 1937 The Plenum of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks introduced N. I. Ezhov as a candidate member of the Politburo (1917).

January 14, 1938 The Plenum of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks released P. P. Postyshev from the list of candidates for membership in the Politburo; introduced N. S. Khrushchev to the list of candidates for membership of the Politburo (1918).

February 26, 1939 S. V. Kosior was shot (no decisions were found on his removal from the Politburo).

• Members: A. A. Andreev, K. E. Voroshilov, A. A. Zhdanov, L. M. Kaganovich, M. I. Kalinin, A. I. Mikoyan, V. M. Molotov, I. V. Stalin, N. S. Khrushchev.
• Candidates: L. P. Beria (1917), N. M. Shvernik (1905).

February 21, 1941 The Plenum of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks introduced candidates for membership. Politburo of G. M. Malenkov (1920), N. A. Voznesensky (1919), A. S. Shcherbakov (1918).

March 18, 1946 The Plenum of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks introduced L. P. Beria and G. M. Malenkov into the Politburo; elected N.A. Bulganin (1917) and A.N. Kosygin (1927) as candidates for members of the Politburo.

February 18, 1948 The Plenum of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks introduced N. A. Bulganin into the Politburo membership by poll.

September 4, 1948 The Plenum of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks introduced A. N. Kosygin to the Politburo membership by poll.

March 7, 1949 By poll, the Plenum of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks removed N. A. Voznesensky from the Politburo.

From 1952 to 1966 it existed.

• Members: L. I. Brezhnev (1931), G. I. Voronov (1931), A. P. Kirilenko (1931), A. N. Kosygin, K. T. Mazurov (1940), A. Ya. Pelshe ( 1915), N.V. Podgorny (1930), D.S. Polyansky (1939), M.A. Suslov (1921), A.N. Shelepin (1940), P.E. Shelest (1928).
• Candidates: V. V. Grishin (1939), P. N. Demichev (1939), D. A. Kunaev (1939), P. M. Masherov (1943), V. P. Mzhavanadze (1927), Sh. R Rashidov (1939), D. F. Ustinov (1927), V. V. Shcherbitsky (1941).

June 21, 1967 The Plenum of the CPSU Central Committee elected Yu. V. Andropov as a candidate member of the Politburo of the CPSU Central Committee (1939).

• Members: L. I. Brezhnev, G. I. Voronov, V. V. Grishin, A. P. Kirilenko, A. N. Kosygin, F. D. Kulakov, D. A. Kunaev, K. T. Mazurov, A. Ya. Pelshe, N. V. Podgorny, D. S. Polyansky, M. A. Suslov, A. N. Shelepin, P. E. Shelest, V. V. Shcherbitsky

Candidates: Yu. V. Andropov, P. N. Demichev, P. M. Masherov, V. P. Mzhavanadze, Sh. R. Rashidov, D. F. Ustinov

November 23, 1971 The plenum of the CPSU Central Committee elected M. S. Solomentsev as a candidate member of the Politburo of the Central Committee.

May 19, 1972 The plenum of the CPSU Central Committee elected B. N. Ponomarev as a candidate member of the Politburo of the Central Committee.

December 18, 1972 The plenum of the CPSU Central Committee relieved candidate member of the Politburo of the Central Committee V. P. Mzhavanadze from his duties.

April 27, 1973 The plenum of the CPSU Central Committee removed G. I. Voronov and P. E. Shelest from the Politburo members. Yu. V. Andropov, A. A. Grechko, A. A. Gromyko were elected members of the Politburo of the Central Committee. The Plenum elected G.V. Romanov as a candidate member of the Politburo of the Central Committee.

April 16, 1975 The Plenum of the CPSU Central Committee released A. N. Shelepin from his duties as a member of the Politburo of the Central Committee in connection with his request.

• Members: L. I. Brezhnev, Yu. V. Andropov, A. A. Grechko, V. V. Grishin, A. A. Gromyko, A. P. Kirilenko, A. N. Kosygin, F. D. Kulakov, D. A. Kunaev, K. T. Mazurov, A. Ya. Pelshe, N. V. Podgorny, G. V. Romanov, M. A. Suslov, D. F. Ustinov, V. V. Shcherbitsky
• Candidates: G. A. Aliev, P. N. Demichev, P. M. Masherov, B. N. Ponomarev, Sh. R. Rashidov, M. S. Solomentsev

May 24, 1977 The Plenum of the CPSU Central Committee relieved N.V. Podgorny from his duties as a member of the Politburo of the CPSU Central Committee.

October 3, 1977 The plenum of the CPSU Central Committee elected V.V. Kuznetsov as candidates for membership in the Politburo of the Central Committee. July 17, 1978 F. D. Kulakov died.

November 27, 1978 The Plenum of the CPSU Central Committee transferred from candidates to members of the Politburo of the Central Committee; N. A. Tikhonov and E. A. Shevardnadze were elected candidates for membership in the Politburo of the Central Committee. The Plenum relieved K. T. Mazurov from his duties as a member of the Politburo for health reasons and in connection with his request.

November 27, 1979 The Plenum of the CPSU Central Committee transferred N. A. Tikhonov from candidates to members of the Politburo of the Central Committee; was elected as a candidate member of the Politburo of the Central Committee.

October 21, 1980 The Plenum of the CPSU Central Committee transferred M. S. Gorbachev from candidates to members of the Politburo of the Central Committee; T. Ya. Kiselev was elected as a candidate member of the Politburo of the Central Committee. A. N. Kosygin was relieved of his duties as a member of the Politburo at his request and for health reasons.

• Members: L. I. Brezhnev, Yu. V. Andropov, V. V. Grishin, A. A. Gromyko, A. P. Kirilenko, D. A. Kunaev, A. Ya. Pelshe, G. V. Romanov, M. A. Suslov, N. A. Tikhonov, D. F. Ustinov, V. V. Shcherbitsky
• Candidates: G. A. Aliev, P. N. Demichev, T. Ya. Kiselev, V. V. Kuznetsov, B. N. Ponomarev, Sh. R. Rashidov, M. S. Solomentsev, E. A. Shevardnadze

November 22, 1982 The Plenum of the CPSU Central Committee transferred from candidates to members of the Politburo of the Central Committee G. A. Aliyev. The Plenum relieved A.P. Kirilenko from his duties as a member of the Politburo and Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee for health reasons and in connection with his request.

June 15, 1983 The plenum of the CPSU Central Committee elected V. I. Vorotnikov as a candidate member of the Politburo of the Central Committee.

December 26, 1983 The Plenum of the CPSU Central Committee transferred V.I. Vorotnikov and M.S. Solomentsev from candidates to members of the Politburo of the Central Committee; The Plenum elected V. M. Chebrikov as a candidate member of the Politburo of the Central Committee.

April 23, 1985 The Plenum of the CPSU Central Committee transferred V. M. Chebrikov from candidate membership to the Politburo of the Central Committee, and elected E. K. Ligachev and N. I. Ryzhkov as members of the Politburo of the Central Committee. S. L. Sokolov was elected as a candidate member of the Politburo of the Central Committee.

July 1, 1985 The Plenum of the CPSU Central Committee transferred E. A. Shevardnadze from candidates to members of the Politburo of the Central Committee. The Plenum granted the request of G.V. Romanov to be relieved of his duties as a member of the Politburo and Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee due to retirement for health reasons.

October 15, 1985 The plenum of the CPSU Central Committee elected N.V. Talyzin as a candidate member of the Politburo of the Central Committee. The Plenum relieved N.A. Tikhonov from his duties as a member of the Politburo of the Central Committee due to his retirement for health reasons.

February 18, 1986 The plenum of the CPSU Central Committee elected him a candidate member of the Politburo of the Central Committee. The plenum relieved V.V. Grishin of his duties as a member of the Politburo of the Central Committee due to his retirement.

• Members: G. A. Aliev, V. I. Vorotnikov, A. A. Gromyko, L. N. Zaikov, D. A. Kunaev, E. K. Ligachev, N. I. Ryzhkov, M. S. Solomentsev , V. M. Chebrikov, E. A. Shevardnadze, V. V. Shcherbitsky
• Candidates: P. N. Demichev, V. I. Dolgikh, B. N. Yeltsin, N. N. Slyunkov, S. L. Sokolov, Yu. F. Solovyov, N. V. Talyzin

January 28, 1987 The plenum of the CPSU Central Committee elected A. N. Yakovlev as a candidate member of the Politburo of the Central Committee. The Plenum relieved D. A. Kunaev from his duties as a member of the Politburo of the Central Committee in connection with his retirement.

June 26, 1987 The Plenum of the CPSU Central Committee transferred N. N. Slyunkov and A. N. Yakovlev from candidates to members of the Politburo of the Central Committee; elected V.P. Nikonov a member of the Politburo of the Central Committee; The Plenum elected D. T. Yazov as a candidate member of the Politburo of the Central Committee. S. L. Sokolov was relieved of his duties as a candidate member of the Politburo due to his retirement.

October 21, 1987 The Plenum of the CPSU Central Committee relieved G. A. Aliyev of his duties as a member of the Politburo of the Central Committee due to his retirement for health reasons.

February 18, 1988 The plenum of the CPSU Central Committee elected Yu. D. Maslyukov and G. P. Razumovsky as candidates for membership in the Politburo of the Central Committee. The plenum relieved B. N. Yeltsin of his duties as a candidate member of the Politburo of the Central Committee.

September 30, 1988 The plenum of the CPSU Central Committee elected V. A. Medvedev a member of the Politburo; candidates for membership in the Politburo of the Central Committee - A. V. Vlasov, A. P. Biryukov and A. I. Lukyanov. The Plenum granted the request of A. A. Gromyko and relieved him of his duties as a member of the Politburo of the CPSU Central Committee. In connection with his retirement, the Plenum relieved M. S. Solomentsev from his duties as a member of the Politburo of the Central Committee, from the duties of a candidate member of the Politburo V. I. Dolgikh, from the duties of a candidate member of the Politburo of the Central Committee P. N. Demichev.

September 20, 1989 The Plenum of the CPSU Central Committee elected V. A. Kryuchkov a member of the Politburo of the Central Committee and transferred Yu. D. Maslyukov from candidates to members of the Politburo of the Central Committee. E. M. Primakov and B. K. Pugo were elected candidates for membership in the Politburo of the Central Committee. The Plenum of the CPSU Central Committee relieved Politburo members V.P. Nikonov, V.M. Chebrikov and V.V. Shcherbitsky from their duties in connection with their requests to retire. Yu. F. Solovyov and N. V. Talyzin were relieved of their duties as candidates for members of the Politburo due to their retirement.

• Members: M. M. Burokyavichyus, G. G. Gumbaridze, S. I. Gurenko, A. S. Dzasokhov, V. A. Ivashko, I. A. Karimov, P. K. Luchinsky, A. M. Masaliev , K. Makhkamov, V. M. Movsisyan, A. N. Mutalibov, N. A. Nazarbaev, S. A. Niyazov, I. K. Polozkov, A. P. Rubiks, G. V. Semenova, E.- A. A. Sillari, E. E. Sokolov, E. S. Stroev, I. T. Frolov, O. S. Shenin, G. I. Yanaev

December 11, 1990 The Plenum of the CPSU Central Committee relieved members of the Politburo of the Central Committee V. M. Movsisyan and E. E. Sokolov from their duties. The plenum elected A. A. Malofeev and S. K. Pogosyan as members of the Politburo of the Central Committee.

January 31, 1991 The joint Plenum of the Central Committee and the Central Control Commission of the CPSU elected L. E. Annus a member of the Politburo of the Central Committee. The Plenum relieved G. G. Gumbaridze and G. I. Yanaev from their duties as members of the Politburo of the Central Committee.

April 25, 1991 The joint Plenum of the Central Committee and the Central Control Commission of the CPSU introduced D. B. Amanbaev into the CPSU Central Committee and elected him a member of the Politburo of the CPSU Central Committee. G. I. Eremey and M. S. Surkov were elected members of the Politburo. The Plenum relieved Politburo member A. M. Masaliev from his duties due to the termination of his activities as First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Kyrgyzstan.

July 26, 1991 The Plenum of the CPSU Central Committee relieved S.K. Poghosyan from his duties as a member of the Politburo of the CPSU Central Committee in connection with the termination of his activities as the First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Armenia.

Statistics

129 people were elected members and candidate members of the Politburo (Presidium) of the CPSU Central Committee in the period from 1919-1991. The vast majority of them joined the party before the age of 30, many before the age of 20. At the age of 14 - B. N. Ponomarev, at the age of 15 - K. Ya. Bauman, I. I. Lepse, M. G. Pervukhin and D. E. Sulimov, at the age of 16 - I. A. Zelensky, A. V. Kosarev, V. V. Kuibyshev, K. I. Nikolaeva, A. Ya. Pelshe, Ya. M. Sverdlov, I. F. Tevosyan, K. V. Ukhanov and V. Ya. Chubar.

80% of the members of the Politburo (Presidium) of the CPSU Central Committee were elected to these bodies with party experience of more than 20 years. The longest party experience at the time of the first election: A. Ya. Pelshe - 51 years, O. V. Kuusinen - 48 years, K. U. Chernenko - 45 years, D. T. Yazov - 43 years, B. N. Ponomarev and A. N. Yakovlev - 42 years old.

The youngest members of the Politburo (Presidium) of the CPSU Central Committee were A. A. Andreev, N. I. Bukharin, A. I. Mikoyan and V. M. Molotov (elected at the age of 31). The oldest members of the Politburo (Presidium) of the Central Committee (at the time of their release or death) were: V. V. Kuznetsov (85 years old), A. Ya. Pelshe (84 years old), O. V. Kuusinen (83 years old) and B. N. Ponomarev (81 years old).

RSDLP RSDLP(b) RCP(b) All-Union Communist Party (b) CPSU History of the party October Revolution War communism New economic policy Lenin's call Stalinism Khrushchev thaw Period of stagnation Perestroika Party organization Politburo ... Wikipedia

Politburo- , uncl., cf. 1. The leading party body. ◘ The Politburo of the Central Committee of the CPSU (b) was approved in May 1917. ITU, vol. 2, 688. Politburo of the CPSU Central Committee. Politburo of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Austria. Politburo of the MPRP Central Committee. Rosenthal, 1985, 220. 2. District or county body of the Cheka in ... Explanatory dictionary of the language of the Council of Deputies

POLITBURO, unwritten, cf. (neol.). Political Bureau, the governing body of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks; see watered…. The Central Committee organizes: for political work the Political Bureau... Charter of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks). Ushakov's explanatory dictionary. D.N. Ushakov. 1935 1940 ... Ushakov's Explanatory Dictionary

Politburo- uncl., politique + bureau m. Wed 1. Political Bureau, the governing body of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks. Ush. 1939. 2. In a report to the head of the provincial department of the GPU, a 20-year-old security officer complained: .. working in the Tobolsk Politburo (that was the name of the county emergency commissions. A. P ... Historical Dictionary of Gallicisms of the Russian Language

Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the CRSU, leading party. body elected by the plenum of the Central Committee of the party to lead the political. the work of the Central Committee between plenums; existed in 1917 52; By decision of the 19th Congress of the CPSU (1952), it was transformed into the Presidium of the CPSU Central Committee. Politburo... ... Soviet historical encyclopedia

Communist Party of the Soviet Union Leader: Gennady Zyuganov Date of foundation: 1912 (RSDLP (b)) 1918 (RCP (b)) 1925 (VKP (b) ... Wikipedia

RSDLP RSDLP(b) RCP(b) All-Union Communist Party (b) CPSU History of the Party October Revolution War Communism New Economic Policy Stalinism Khrushchev Thaw Era of Stagnation Perestroika Party organization Politburo Secretariat Organizing Bureau Central Committee... ... Wikipedia

Books

• Politburo and saboteurs Campaign to combat sabotage at military industry facilities, O. Mozokhin (responsible author). Starting from the second half of the 1920s, the Stalinist leadership placed the main responsibility for the economic difficulties in the country on “class enemies”, “saboteurs”, “saboteurs”...
• Politburo and the peasantry. Expulsion, special settlement. 1930-1940. In 2 books. Book 1, . Two books of the publication include documents from the Archive of the President of the Russian Federation, the State Archive of the Russian Federation, the Russian State Archive of Economics, the Russian...

The Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party was created in October 1917 by Vladimir Ilyich Lenin, who gave it the powers of political leadership through an armed coup. The members of this leadership of the Communist Party were the real party elite, possessing immunity and exerting enormous influence not only on the policy of the party, but also on the life of the vast Country of Soviets. In fact, we can confidently call the Politburo under Brezhnev the highest leadership of the Soviet Union. The composition (photo below) included a total of 27 people, each of whom had a significant impact on the fate of the Union of Soviets.

Leonid Ilyich Brezhnev spent a long period as General Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee (1966-1982). The Politburo under Brezhnev included the most influential political figures of the Soviet Union at that time, and they will be discussed in this article.

Composition of the Politburo in 1966

The Politburo of the CPSU Central Committee under Brezhnev in 1966 consisted of 11 people:

1. Brezhnev Leonid.
2. Voronov Nikolay.
3. Polyansky Dmitry.
4. Suslov Mikhail.
5. Mazurov Kirill.
6. Kosygin Alexey.
7. Kirilenko Andrey.
8. Podgorny Nikolai.
9. Pelshe Arvid.
10. Shelepin Alexander.
11. Rustle Peter.

In the first years of his reign, only eleven members were part of the Politburo of the CPSU Central Committee under Brezhnev. The composition, age and photos of the members of the Politburo in the next years are of considerable interest, since this unique elite club is filled with the brightest politicians of their time.

Politburo in 1971

Over time, there was an increase in the membership of the Politburo of the CPSU Central Committee under Brezhnev. The 1971 composition consisted of 15 people:

1. Brezhnev Leonid.
2. Voronov Nikolay.
3. Grishin Victor.
4. Kirilenko Andrey.
5. Kosygin Alexey.
6. Kulakov Fedor.
7. Kunaev Dinmukhamed.
8. Mazurov Kirill.
9. Pelshe Arvid.
10. Podgorny Nikolai.
11. Polyansky Dmitry.
12. Suslov Mikhail.
13. Shelepin Alexander.
14. Rustle Peter.
15. Shcherbitsky Vladimir.

Composition of the Politburo in 1976

1. Brezhnev Leonid.
2. Andropov Yuri.
3. Grechko Andrey.
4. Grishin Victor.
5. Gromyko Andrey.
6. Kirilenko Andrey.
7. Kosygin Alexey.
8. Kulakov Fedor.
9. Kunaev Dinmukhamed.
10. Mazurov Kirill.
11. Pelshe Arvid.
12. Podgorny Nikolai.
13. Romanov Grigory.
14. Suslov Mikhail.
15. Ustinov Dmitry.
16. Shcherbitsky Vladimir.

Lineup changes 1981

The Politburo of the CPSU Central Committee under Brezhnev, whose composition remained unchanged until 1981, was radically restructured. The changes affected not only the policies pursued, but also the structure of the central committee. The current lineup included:

1. Brezhnev Leonid.
2. Andropov Yuri.
3. Gorbachev Mikhail.
4. Grishin Victor.
5. Grechko Andrey.
6. Kirilenko Andrey.
7. Kunaev Dinmukhamed.
8. Pelshe Arvid.
9. Romanov Grigory.
10. Suslov Mikhail.
11. Tikhonov Nikolay.
12. Ustinov Dmitry.
13. Chernenko Konstantin.
14. Shcherbitsky Vladimir.

Events of 1982

The composition of the Politburo of the CPSU Central Committee under Brezhnev in 1982 underwent serious changes, since 1982 was marked by a tragic event. On March 23, in the city of Tashkent, Leonid Ilyich visited an aircraft plant. The large crowd overflowed the catwalk, and they fell right on top of him, causing a broken collarbone. The tragedy shook Leonid Ilyich’s health completely and irrevocably, the collarbone never healed and the General Secretary had to overcome severe pain while conducting meetings. On November 10 he passed away. The Politburo of the CPSU Central Committee under Brezhnev in 1982 lost two of its most influential politicians - Mikhail Suslov and Leonid Brezhnev.

1. Andropov Yuri (Secretary General of the Central Committee dated November 12, 1982).
2. Leonid Brezhnev (died 11/10/1982).
3. Gorbachev Mikhail.
4. Grishin Victor.
5. Gromyko Andrey.
6. Aliyev Heydar.
7. Kunaev Dinmukhamed.
8. Pelshe Arvid.
9. Romanov Grigory.
10. Mikhail Suslov (died on January 25, 1982).
11. Tikhonov Nikolay.
12. Ustinov Dmitry.
13. Chernenko Konstantin.
14. Shcherbitsky Vladimir.

Five most important

Among some modern political scientists, there is an opinion that the main problems and issues were considered in the Politburo of the CPSU Central Committee under Brezhnev by 5 main members.

The Politburo resolved the most important issues - political, economic, party. The Secretariat of the Central Committee was involved in the preparation of these issues, and specially created commissions were involved in solving individual problems. The political bureau consisted of the five main members of the Central Committee, the remaining members had only an advisory vote at meetings.

Who was part of the “elite five” of the Politburo of the CPSU Central Committee under Brezhnev, and at what age did they join it?

Suslov Mikhail Andreevich(life years 1902-1982). He became a member of the Politburo twice: the first - even under I.V. Stalin, the second - in 1955, at the age of 53, and remained one until his death. The main ideologist of the country, Suslov, when he was a member of the Politburo under Brezhnev of the USSR, was the main controller and curator of the departments of culture, science, agitation, and education. Responsible for censorship. Stalin's confidant, the smartest and most resourceful politician, he bore the nickname "gray eminence" and "man in galoshes." He had a huge influence on the country's politics. According to rumors, even Comrade Brezhnev himself did not dare to argue with Mikhail Andreevich.

Podgorny Nikolay Viktorovich (1903-1983). He was in the Politburo for more than 17 years - from 1960 to 1977. He held the post of Chairman of the Presidium of the BC CCCP during the reign of Brezhnev. This meant that Podgorny, a low-profile politician with little influence, could be called the “head of state.” Realizing this, Nikolai Viktorovich loved it when journalists, when interviewing him, called him nothing more than “the president of the Soviet Union.” Brezhnev did not like this fact, and in 1977, 74-year-old Podgorny was removed, combining his position with the position of Secretary General.

Kosygin Alexey Nikolaevich (life years 1904-1980). He was introduced to the Politburo of the CPSU Central Committee under Brezhnev (since 1960), and remained there almost until his death. He was a kind of record holder - he was chairman of the Council of Ministers for sixteen long years, while at the same time moving through minor positions in the Politburo. Carried out activities in the economic sphere - carried out reforms in the planning system. After suffering two heart attacks, at the age of 76, Alexei Nikolaevich was removed from the Political Bureau under Brezhnev.

Pelshe Arvid Yanovich (life years 1899-1983). Latvian communist, was admitted to the Politburo in 1966, at the age of 67. Dropped out due to death. Monitored compliance with party discipline as Chairman of the Party Control Committee. Arvid Yanovich is also known for writing multi-volume works on the history of the CPSU, which were recommended at that time for mandatory reading in universities.

Ustinov Dmitry Fedorovich (life years 1908-1984). Member of the Politburo from 1976 until his death. Died at the age of 76. From 1941 to 1945 he served as People's Commissar of Armaments, and in 1976 he held the high post of Minister of Defense. Not being a military man, he held the rank of marshal. He is credited with a major role in bringing Soviet troops into Afghanistan. He had every chance to take the helm of the country as the new Secretary General in connection with the death of Brezhnev, but lost the championship to Yuri Vladimirovich Andropov.

List of other members

Throughout the existence of the Politburo of the CPSU Central Committee under Brezhnev, the composition, the list of members of which is presented in the table, regularly changed, forming the structure of the main governing body of the country.

	Years of Politburo membership
Nikolay Voronov
Dmitry Polyansky
Kirill Mazurov
Andrey Kirilenko
Alexander Shelepin
Peter Shelest
Victor Grishin
Fedor Kulakov
Dinmukhamed Kunaev
Vladimir Shcherbitsky
Yuri Andropov
Andrey Grechko
Andrey Gromyko
Grigory Romanov
Mikhail Gorbachev
Nikolay Tikhonov
Konstantin Chernenko
Heydar Aliyev

Brief biographical information

Every member who was ever a member of the Politburo of the CPSU Central Committee under Brezhnev (composition, age, photo of which is presented in a brief biographical information) made a serious contribution to the development of a great power.

Leonid Brezhnev

Born in 1906 in the village of Kamenskoye (Ukraine). He studied at the gymnasium, reclamation technical school, and the Institute of Metallurgy. He succeeded in his party career. The Second World War was fought by Leonid Brezhnev as a political worker.

In 1960 he headed the BC CCCP. As a result, he took an active part in the preparations for which he became the First Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee in 1964, and in 1966 - the General Secretary. Contemporaries described Leonid Ilyich as a friendly, polite person, an executive and conservative official.

During Brezhnev's time at the helm, national gross income increased, some industries developed, but at the same time, bureaucracy developed and the USSR's participation in the Afghan War began.

Mikhail Suslov

Date of birth: November 21, 1902. Place of birth: Shakhovskaya village, Saratov province. The family into which Mikhail Suslov was born was from the poorest classes of peasants, and the young man had the opportunity to study and develop only with the advent of Soviet power.

Active work in the field of the party, moving to Moscow and further advancement along the party line lead to the fact that at a fairly young age - about forty years old, Suslov assumed the post of secretary of the Stavropol regional committee. He actively implements Stalin's policies and as a result becomes the main ideologist of the Union - the editor of the newspaper Pravda. Until the end of his life (until 1982), he was a member of the Politburo of the CPSU Central Committee under Brezhnev.

Arvid Pelshe

Born in Latvia in January 1899, into a family of peasants. He was a simple worker in Riga, at the same time he joined the ranks of the Social Democratic Party of Latvia. He actively conducted revolutionary propaganda. Active participant in the 1917 revolution.

Arvid Yanovich's entire subsequent career was connected with party teaching activities in the Red Army and Navy. During the war, he trained party personnel. He occupied a leading role in the Politburo of the CPSU Central Committee under Brezhnev, the composition, the list of members of which largely depended on the opinion of Pelshe.

Alexey Kosygin

Born in St. Petersburg in 1904. He served in the army, then received a diploma from the Leningrad Textile Institute.

He worked his way up from a foreman to the director of the Oktyabrskaya factory. In 1939 he was elected a member of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks. From that moment on, Alexei Nikolaevich’s party career began to grow. During the war, he headed the commissariat of the Civil Defense Committee and participated in the construction of the “Road of Life” from besieged Leningrad. A year after the victory over the fascists, he was elected Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the CCCP and a member of the Politburo. Due to deteriorating health, he was relieved of his positions and died in 1980.

Nikolay Voronov

Born in 1899 in the family of a bank employee, who then became a teacher in the village. He graduated from eight classes of the gymnasium as an external student, and since 1917 he worked in the banking sector. He volunteered to join the army in the artillery troops and participated in the Civil War. Was injured. He graduated from the Higher Artillery School, then the PKKA Military Academy named after Mikhail Frunze.

During the war, in 1943, he commanded artillery. Nikolai Voronov was the first in the history of the USSR to be awarded the rank of marshal of artillery and chief marshal of artillery. He visited the front several times as a representative of the headquarters of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief. A career military man, a brave and skillful commander, Nikolai Nikolaevich Voronov was awarded many awards, including the Order of Lenin and the “3 Gold 3 Star” medal.

Dmitry Polyansky

He was born into a peasant family living in the city of Slavyanoserbsk, Lugansk region. Being active by nature, he participated in the public life of the city and was interested in party ideology. After graduating from the Kharkov Agricultural Institute, he enlists in the army. Having been demobilized, he began studying at the Higher Party School, while at the same time directing the regional Komsomol commissariat.

During the war he works in the rear. He shows himself as an extraordinary leader, always looking for non-standard solutions to issues. After 1945, he dealt with issues of agricultural growth in Orenburg. An ally of N. S. Khrushchev, Polyansky successfully moved up the party ladder and since 1958 was appointed Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the CCCP. When Brezhnev came to power, he first dealt with agriculture as Minister of Agriculture, and then served as ambassador to Japan and Norway.

Kirill Mazurov

He was born in 1914 in the village of Rudnya, Gomel region, in a large family where he was the youngest. He was distinguished by his curiosity and ability to learn - at the age of six he could already read and write. After graduating from school, he entered the highway technical school. I dreamed of a career as a pilot, but it didn’t work out due to poor eyesight. After serving in the army, in the railway troops, he became an instructor in the political department at the Belarusian railway.

During the war he became the organizer of the partisan movement in Belarus. After the war, he continued his ascent up the party ladder - from First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Belarus to First Assistant to the Chairman of the USSR Council of Ministers. An extraordinary and brave man, Kirill Trofimovich, during the years of peace, was involved in the rehabilitation of partisan commanders who came under suspicion of treason. Received retirement at the end of the 70s. Died in 1989.

Andrey Kirilenko

Born in 1906 in the Voronezh province in the village of Alekseevka in a family engaged in handicrafts. He graduated from the Alekseevsk vocational school, worked in a mine, and was constantly involved in party and trade union work. Graduated from Rybinsk ATI. Member of the All-Union Communist Party of Belarus since 1931.

He has come a long way along the party line to the post of First Deputy Chairman of the Bureau of the CPSU Central Committee, Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee. He was a supervisor of industry and one of the candidates for the post of General Secretary after Brezhnev. In connection with the death of Leonid Ilyich, he was honorably retired.

Nikolai Podgorny

Born into the family of a foundry worker in 1903 in the village of Karlovka in Ukraine. He worked in mechanical workshops and, together with other enterprising people, participated in the creation of a Komsomol organization in Karlovka.

In 1939, Nikolai Viktorovich became deputy people's commissar of the Food Industry of the Ukrainian CCP. In 1940 - Deputy People's Commissar of the Food Industry. After the war, he created bodies of Soviet power in the regions of Ukraine liberated from the Nazis and organized food supplies for the population. As First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Ukrainian SSR, Nikolai Podgorny worked to restore the destroyed economy and improve the well-being of the people. An experienced party worker, he devoted a lot of time and effort to developing the course of the CPSU and implementing it. Recognized with numerous awards for services to the Communist Party.

Alexander Shelepin

Born in August 1918 in the city of Voronezh. Alexander's father worked as a civil servant. He received his higher education at MIFLI. During the Second World War, he recruited youth personnel for partisan detachments.

After the war, he first became secretary and then headed the Komsomol. He supervised the preparation and holding of the Sixth World Festival of Youth and Students. In 1958, Khrushchev appointed Shelepin head of the State Security Committee. Alexander Nikolaevich completely restructured the work of the KGB, firing an unprecedented number of employees, replacing them with party and Komsomol workers. In 1961, Shelepin was elected to the post of Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee. He is considered the main organizer of the conspiracy against Nikita Khrushchev. He became a member of the Politburo under Brezhnev in 1964. In July 1967 he was demoted and soon, through intrigue, removed from the Politburo.

Peter Shelest

Born in the village of Andreevka, Kharkov province, into a family of poor peasants. He studied at the zemstvo school for four years, after which he worked on the railway and acted as a postman. Joined the Komsomol. Party member since 1928. From 1940 he was sent to party work.

During the war, he was engaged in repurposing industrial enterprises for the production of military products. In the early sixties he was elected first secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine. He actively participated in organizing the removal of Khrushchev from office. He was rewarded for his efforts - he became a member of the Politburo. He actively defended the economic interests of Ukraine, while simultaneously supporting folk art. He was officially removed from the Politburo due to retirement. He advocated for the independence of Ukraine, and after his resignation he visited Kyiv with public speeches. Died in 1996.

Victor Grishin

Born in the city of Serpukhov, Moscow region in September 1914. After graduating from the railway school in Serpukhov, he studied at the Moscow Geodetic College. After serving in the army, where he served as deputy political commander, he continued to advance along the party line.

In 1956 he took the post of Chairman of the All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions, and in 1967 he became First Secretary of the Moscow City Committee of the CPSU. For the professionalism demonstrated in the leadership of the Moscow party organization, he was awarded the title of Hero of Socialist Labor.

Fedor Kulakov

Born into a peasant family in 1918. Place of birth - the village of Fitizh, Lgov district, Kursk region. An agronomist by training, he graduated from the Rylsky Agricultural College in 1939. Since 1941, he was involved in party work, rising through the ranks to the position of Deputy Minister of Agriculture of the RSFSR in 1955, and in 1959 - Minister of Grain Products of the RSFSR. He held the position of head of the agricultural department of the CPSU Central Committee. He was on friendly terms with L.I. Brezhnev. He died suddenly in 1978.

Dinmukhamed Kunaev

Born in 1912 in Kazakhstan, in a family of hereditary livestock breeders. He studied well at school and technical college. He began his path as a party worker as First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan. He supported and successfully implemented the policy of the CPSU Central Committee, headed by Leonid Brezhnev, whose faithful comrade-in-arms he was. In 1952, Dinmukhamed Kunaev was accepted into the CPSU Central Committee in 1971. He was removed from all posts in 1986-1987. Died in 1993.

Vladimir Shcherbitsky

Born in 1918 in the family of a Ukrainian worker. In his youth he was an active Komsomol member. By higher education he is a mechanical engineer. At the beginning of the war, he studied at the Military Academy of Chemical Defense, then served as a tank driver in Transcaucasia. After demobilization, he was engaged in party work, first in the city committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine, then as secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine. From 1961 to 1963 he was Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Ukrainian SSR. Since 1955 he has been a member of the BC of the Ukrainian SSR, and since 1958 - of the USSR. Member of the Presidium of the BC Ukrainian CCP and CCCP. An active and active politician, he hindered the development of the nationalist movement in Ukraine and actively developed the economy and culture. Was criticized for covering up the circumstances of the Chernobyl accident. He resigned at the insistence of Mikhail Gorbachev.

Yuri Andropov

Date of birth: 06/15/1914. His father worked on the railway in the Stavropol Territory, his mother taught music at a girls’ gymnasium. Yuri studied well at school. After graduating, he continued his studies at a technical school and then at the correspondence department of the Higher Party School under the CPSU Central Committee. Having started his career as a simple worker, two years later he became the First Secretary of the regional committee of the Komsomol in Yaroslavl. After the Finnish War, he organized Komsomol cells in the Karelo-Finnish Republic. His successful work in this field was noticed by party leaders in Moscow, and in 1950 Yuri Vladimirovich was transferred to the post of inspector of the Central Committee in Moscow, and then sent to Hungary as an ambassador. In the spring of 1967, Andropov was appointed to the post of Chairman of the KGB. Over the 15 years of his work in this position, Andropov achieved enormous influence of the KGB in all spheres. The fight against corruption in the highest spheres of power was actively carried out. After Brezhnev's death, it was Andropov who was appointed Secretary General. He ruled the country with a firm hand, for which he received support among ordinary people. Died in 1984.

Andrey Grechko

Born in 1903 in the village of Golodayevka, Kuibyshevsky district, Rostov region. A career military man, since 1939 - head of the Special Cavalry Division BOBO. During World War II he commanded a cavalry division, and since 1942 he has been an army commander. Served as deputy commander of the Voronezh Front in October 1943. In 1945, Andrei Antonovich Grechko was awarded the rank of Marshal of the USSR. Since 1957 - First Deputy Minister of Defense, since 1967 - Minister of Defense, member of the Politburo of the CPSU Central Committee. Died in 1976.

Andrey Gromyko

Born in July 1909 in the village of Starye Gromyki, Mogilev province. From the age of 13 he worked on rafting, together with his father. He studied successfully, for his activity he was first the secretary of the Komsomol, and then the party cell. Graduated from the Minsk Economic Institute. He worked as the director of a rural school. As one of the most active young people, he was sent to study at the Academy of Sciences of the BSSR as a graduate student, then transferred to Moscow. He was constantly engaged in self-education, even thinking about a career as a military pilot, but did not pass the age limit. In 1939, he got a diplomatic job because he knew English. He was of proletarian origin, that is, in many respects he suited the Central Committee of the party. He was an exceptionally competent diplomat, respected for his professionalism and clear position. In 1957, he became Minister of Foreign Affairs for 28 long years. Died in 1989.

Grigory Romanov

Born in 1923 in the village of Zikhnovo, Novgorod region, into a family of peasants. He served through the war as a signalman, and since 1944 he has been a party member. Higher education from the Leningrad Shipbuilding Institute. He developed his career along the party line - in 1970 he became the First Secretary of the Leningrad Regional Committee of the CPSU. For twenty years, a member of the CPSU Central Committee, being a member of the Politburo, oversaw the military-industrial complex. He was a tough and uncompromising leader. Retired after being appointed to the post of Secretary General M.S. Gorbachev. Personal pensioner. Died in 2008.

Dmitry Ustinov

Born in Samara in 1908 into a poor peasant family with many children. He worked from the age of 10, while simultaneously studying to become a mechanic. At the age of 14, he threw in his lot with the army, joining the ranks of the defenders of Soviet power from Basmachi bandits in Uzbekistan, where his family moved to escape hunger and poverty. At the age of 19 he joined the Bolshevik Party. He received his higher education diploma in Leningrad. He built his career quickly - shortly before the start of the war he became People's Commissar of Armaments of the Soviet Union. He developed the military industry in the rear, was sincerely devoted to the party, for which he was awarded the rank of major general. After the war, he remained as Minister of Defense until his death in 1984.

Mikhail Gorbachev

A peasant son, Mikhail Gorbachev was born in 1931 in the Stavropol region. From an early age he worked in the fields. Silver medalist, after graduating from school he entered the Law Faculty of Moscow State University. At the university he joined the Komsomol, and after receiving a diploma of higher education he began working as secretary of the Stavropol city committee of the Komsomol. He received an additional qualification as an economist-agronomist. Successfully developing along the party line, Mikhail Sergeevich soon finds himself in Moscow, and his future fate will be inextricably linked with the capital. By 1978, having become a member of the CPSU, in the role of Secretary of the Central Committee he oversees the agriculture of the Union. He is a member of the Politburo under Brezhnev.

Nikolay Tikhonov

Born in 1905 in the Moscow region, the village of Petrovo-Dalneye. Nikolai's father worked as an engineer. His son followed in his footsteps - after studying at the Technical School of Communications, and then at the Metallurgical Institute, he worked as an engineer in Dnepropetrovsk. During the war he was the director of metallurgical plants, after which he was responsible for the pipe rolling industry as Minister of Ferrous Metallurgy. A sharp rise in his career began after Brezhnev, whom Tikhonov had known personally since 1930, came to power. Deputy Prime Minister of the Union Central Committee of the CPSU, First Deputy Prime Minister, and since 1979 - member of the Politburo. In 1980, Tikhonov held the high post of Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the CCCP. He was distinguished by his determination and rejection of intrigue. He left his post with the arrival of M. S. Gorbachev.

Konstantin Chernenko

Born in September 1911 in the village of Bolshaya Tes, Yenisei province. I worked a lot since childhood. Having become a Komsomol member in 1929, he works in the propaganda department of the local Komsomol organization. In 1930 he enlisted in the NKVD border detachment and soon became its commander. Then he joined the ranks of the Bolshevik Party. During the Great Patriotic War he graduated from the Higher Party School, then worked as secretary of the regional party committee in Penza. After some time, he will be transferred to Moldova, where he will meet Leonid Brezhnev. Konstantin Ustinovich's party career skyrocketed, and in 1978 he joined the Politburo. He was elected General Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee after Andropov's death, but remained in this position for a little over a year. Died in 1985.

Heydar Aliyev

Born in 1923 in Nakhichevan, Azerbaijan SSR, died in America in 2003. He was the fourth child in a large family of a railroad worker. In total, Heydar's parents had eight children. He graduated from a pedagogical college and planned to continue his education at the Faculty of Architecture of the Institute of Industry in Baku, but the war interfered. Since 1941, Aliyev has worked in state security agencies: first as head of the NKVD department. After completing advanced training courses and joining the ranks of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks, he becomes the head of the Fifth Directorate of the Ministry of State Security of the Azerbaijani CCP. He was very successful in the field of foreign intelligence. In 1969, he was elected First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Azerbaijan SSR, and achieved success in the fight against corruption at the top. During Aliyev's reign, Azerbaijan achieved significant economic growth. He was the curator of mechanical engineering, light industry, and the transport industry. After retirement in 1990, he returned to his homeland.