Declension of masculine nouns. Plural. Cases: Nominativ, Genitiv, Akuzativ. Declension of the word husband by case – singular and plural Plural. Animated
Good afternoon I have a question about the declination of surnames. I read the information posted on the site about this, but did not come to a definite conclusion. So, the last name is Novik. It is inclined if it is a male surname (the diploma was issued to Igor Novik), and it is not inclined if it is a female one (the diploma was issued to Anna Novik). What about the plural? If this is a man's surname, it will be inclined: the diploma was issued to Igor and Oleg Novik. What if it’s female? Diplomas were issued to Anna and Elena Novik (or Novik?). And what to do with the plural if the text has no reference to gender? For example, did you come to visit the Novikov family? What if it is known that there are only women in the family (but this is not stated in the proposal)? For example, “we came to visit the Novik (or Novikov?) family. Anna, Elena and Olga met us...”
Here is an excerpt about such surnames from the “Handbook of Spelling and Stylistics” by D. E. Rosenthal.
Surnames referring to two or more persons are in some cases given in the plural form, in others - in the singular form, namely:
Heinrich and Thomas Mann, August and Jean Picard, Adolph and Michael Gottlieb; Also Oistrakh father and son;
2) with two female names Irina and Tamara Press;
Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt, Paul and Eslanda Robson, August and Caroline Schlegel, Richard Sorge's comrades Max and Anna Clausen, Ariadne and Peter Tur; Seryozha and Valya Bruzzhak, Nina and Stanislav Zhuk;
Mr and Mrs Rainer, Lord and Lady Hamilton; however, with combinations husband and wife, brother and sister Estrema husband and wife, Niringa brother and sister;
5) at the word spouses The surname is given in singular form, for example: Spouses Kent, Spouses Thorndyke, Spouses Nodduck;
6) at the word brothers Brothers Grimm, Brothers Schlegel, Brothers Schellenberg, Brothers Pokrass; the same with the word sisters: Press sisters, Koch sisters;
7) at the word family the surname is usually given in the singular form, for example: s Oppenheim family, Gamal family.
Question No. 289994 | ||
Hello! Tell me, please, is the surname inclined in this case? Ivan and Isabella Kovtunovich(s)? And should such a surname be combined with male names - Ivan and Sergey Kovtunovich(s)? Thank you!
Russian help desk response
Right: Ivan and Isabella Kovtunovich, Ivan and Sergei Kovtunovich.
Non-Russian surnames referring to two or more persons are in some cases given in the plural form, in others - in the singular form:
1) if the surname has two male names, then it is put in the plural form, for example: Heinrich and Thomas Mann, August and Jean Picard, Adolph and Michael Gottlieb; also father and son of Oistrakhi;
Irina and Tamara Press;
3) if the surname is accompanied by male and female names, then it retains the singular form, for example: Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt, Ronald and Nancy Reagan, Ariadna and Peter Tur, Nina and Stanislav Zhuk;
4) the surname is also put in the singular if it is accompanied by two common nouns indicating different genders, for example: Mr. and Mrs. Clinton, Lord and Lady Hamilton; however, with combinations husband and wife, brother and sister the surname is more often used in the plural form: Husband and wife of Estrema, brother and sister of Nieringa;
5) at the word spouses The surname is given in singular form, for example: Kent couple, Major couple;
6) at the word brothers The surname is also usually given in the singular form, for example: the Grimm brothers, the Spiegel brothers, the Schellenberg brothers, the Pokrass brothers; the same with the word sisters: Koch sisters;
7) at the word family Oppenheim family.
Question No. 289907 | ||
Hello. The Clintons or the Clintons? I think the second option is correct, but in the quote the first... Over 15 years, $10 million was allocated to help the Clintons.
Russian help desk response
The “Handbook of the Russian Language: Spelling, Pronunciation, Literary Editing” by D. E. Rosenthal, E. V. Dzhandzhakova, N. P. Kabanova contains a recommendation to put a foreign surname in the singular form if it is accompanied by the words spouses, family. Recommendations on the use of surnames in words couple not in the reference book, but it is logical to assume that in this case the singular number is preferable.
Question No. 288805 | ||
Does the Kim surname in the plural form: "spouses Kims" or "spouses Kims", "Natalia and Oleg Kims" or "Natalia and Oleg Kims"?
Russian help desk response
In such cases, with the words spouses, family Surnames are usually singular: to the Kim spouses.
If the surname is accompanied by a male and female name, then it also retains the singular form: Natalia and Oleg Kim.
Question No. 287231 | ||
Greetings! I'm looking into the topic of declination of surnames. There is very little information about plural forms. Can you please tell me what the plural form for surnames in -uk/-yuk will look like? For example, Vlasyuk. Shall we visit Vlasyukov or Vlasyuk? I would be grateful if you recommend a source (give a link) for self-studying the topic.
Russian help desk response
Variations are possible. For example, with two male names, the surname is put in the plural form. numbers (we will visit Yuri and Nikolai Vlasyukov), with two female names, a single number is chosen. At the words brothers, spouses, family the surname is usually given in singular form (Vlasyuk brothers, Vlasyuk spouses, Vlasyuk family), but with the words husband and wife The plural is more common: husband and wife Vlasyuki. See: Rosenthal D. E., Dzhandzhakova E. V., Kabanova N. P. Handbook of the Russian language: spelling, pronunciation, literary editing. 7th ed. M., 2010 (section “Declination of some names and surnames”).
Question No. 283207 | ||
Tell me if the sentences are spelled correctly: “35 books have been written about the history of the Bell family, which was attacked by a mysterious spirit. They all tell how a curse fell on the respectable and respectable Bell family.” Is it necessary to decline the last name "Bell"?
Russian help desk response
At the words spouses, family a foreign-language surname is usually put in the singular form: about the history of the Bell family, on the Bell family. Instead of curse better write a curse. Everything else is correct.
Question No. 270255 | ||
There is reference material on my topic on your website, but questions remain. Hello, now :)) Family Karmanovich or Karmanovich? Do non-Russian surnames like Khatit, Nash decline in the plural? i.e. Our brothers or Ours? Spouses of Khatit or Khatit, etc.? Thank you in advance!
Russian help desk response
Non-Russian surnames referring to two or more persons are in some cases put in the plural form. numbers, in others - in singular form. It depends on the context. At the words spouses And brothers The surname is usually given in the singular form: wife Hatit, brothers Nash. At the word family a non-Russian surname is also usually given in the singular form.
Question No. 267802 | ||
Please tell me,
in the sentence “The spouse refused social services at home at the time the specialists visited the department,” is “at the time the specialists visited the department” a phrase that clarifies the meaning and is it necessary to separate it with commas?
thank you in advance
Russian help desk response
This is not a clarifying construction; no additional punctuation is required.
Question No. 260436 | ||
Hello!
Please tell me what is the correct surname of the deceased wife of the President of Poland to sound in Russian: Kaczynska or Kaczynska? Or are both options acceptable?
Thank you.
Russian help desk response
Correct in Russian: Kaczynska.
Question No. 254502 | ||
To question No. 254477: why is “Popelyuk dynasty” correct, but “Romanov dynasty”?
Russian help desk response
Non-standard Russian and non-Russian surnames (i.e. surnames formed in a way other than suffixes -ov/-ev, -in) are usually placed in the singular form if accompanied by the words brothers, sisters, spouses, family, dynasty etc., cf.: Petrov brothers, But Brothers Grimm, Ivanov family, But Zhuk family. Likewise: Romanov dynasty, But Popelyuk dynasty.
Question No. 246491 | ||
Please tell me whether the surnames are declined in the following cases: the Clinton spouses arrived on vacation; Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt visited the theater; Husband and wife Robson made the trip?
Russian help desk response
If the surname is accompanied by a male and female name, then it retains the singular form: Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt.
At the words spouses, family, brothers The surname is usually given in the singular form: Clinton spouses.
With combinations husband and wife, brother and sister the surname is more often used in the plural form: Robson husband and wife.
Question No. 243967 | ||
Good afternoon. Please tell us about the etymology of the word “marriage” - in the meaning of the union of spouses and, if possible, about the etymology of the word “spouse”. Thank you!
Russian help desk response
Marriage(“marriage”) is a Slavic word, historically associated, apparently, with the verb take(the exact etymology has not been established). Spouse– derived from sprushti"to pull together, to connect, to harness." Initial spouse turned into spouse influenced by words with a prefix su-. Spouses literally - “in one harness.”
Question No. 241215 | ||
Hello, Gramota.ru!
Help the proofreader of a newspaper published in Russian.
How should surnames be spelled correctly in the following combinations:Demidchik brothers or Demidchik brothers, Kreidich brothers or Kreidich brothers, Gleb brothers or Gleb brothers, Gusik brothers or Gusik brothers;
Alla and Alexander Batsuk or Alla and Alexander Batsuki, Vera and Andrey Dokuchits or Vera and Andrey Dokuchits, Natalya and Vyacheslav Lut or Natalya and Vyacheslav Lut, Irina and Denis Oleynik or Irina and Denis Oleynik, Ekaterina and Dmitry Moshchik or Ekaterina and Dmitry Moshchik,
spouses Samoiluk or spouses Samoiluks, spouses Talashkevich or spouses Talashkevichs, spouses Cheberkus or spouses Cheberkus, spouses Selyukh or spouses Selyukha;
Brothers Eduard and Vladimir Demidchik or brothers Eduard and Vladimir Demidchik, brothers Alexander and Vyacheslav Gleb or brothers Alexander and Vyacheslav Gleb;
spouses Lyudmila and Vasily Tishuk or spouses Lyudmila and Vasily Tishuk; spouses Elena and Stepan Shuplyak or spouses Elena and Stepan Shuplyak;
The Kivachuk couple or the Kivachuk couple,
The couple of Lyudmila and Vladimir Kivachuk, or the couple of Lyudmila and Vladimir Kivachuk, or the couple of Lyudmila and Vladimir Kivachuk, or the couple of Lyudmila and Vladimir Kivachuk;
The Stasiuk family or the Stasiuk family, the Los family or the Los family;
The family of Natalia and Igor Stasiuk, or the family of Natalia and Igor Stasiuk, or the family of Natalia and Igor Stasiuk, or the family of Natalia and Igor Stasiuk.
This is very important for my competent work. The issue goes to press!!! Please, I really need it!!!
Russian help desk response
The recommendations are as follows. If the surname has two male names, then it is put in the plural form. If the surname has two female names or if the surname is accompanied by a male and female name, then the surname retains the singular form.
At the words spouses, family, brothers the surname is usually given in the singular form.
Question No. 240838 | ||
Is it wrong to use the word "spouse"? I have always believed that this is how you should say it when talking with someone you don’t know well, and when communicating with friends you should use “husband, wife.” Today I listened to an excerpt from a book of essays by journalist A. Zimin, which describes a real episode when a certain lady, who considers herself to be a member of the highest educated caste and considers everyone who uses incorrect forms of speech to be pariahs and renegades, declares (I do not quote it verbatim, but the meaning is preserved ), that it is precisely the use of “spouse” that is the division between the higher and lower classes, akin to common speech and evidence of the speaker’s non-involvement in a cultural society. Thank you.
Russian help desk response
Use of words spouse And spouse in ordinary speech is not welcomed, but not so much because it allegedly indicates some kind of division into “higher” and “lower” castes, but because such use contradicts the stylistic norm of modern literary language, gives speech mannerism, some sweetness and is qualified by a number of linguists as a manifestation of “speech philistinism”.
Before words spouse And spouse did not have such stylistic shades, cf. lines from “Eugene Onegin” (Lensky’s poems to Olga): “Heart friend, desired friend, Come, come: I am your husband!..” However, in modern speech the words spouse And spouse are of an official nature (in the official chronicle you can find the following combination: the President's wife visited...). In ordinary speech, the correct use of the word spouses in the plural of a couple: young spouses, Ivanov spouses. But in the singular in ordinary speech, the use of these words is regarded as bad taste: expressions such as my wife and I, my husband (wife) should be avoided and spoken my husband/wife and I, my (my) wife (husband).
Question No. 212874 | ||
“in the event(,) if the spouses have not reached the age of majority, in order to conclude a marriage contract it is necessary...” is a comma needed? Thank you
Russian help desk response
DECLINATION OF NOUNS |
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Word forms bodies And words(obsolete plural forms of words body And word), in modern language, which are not plural forms. h words body And word and stylistically characterized as bookish and outdated, are used as synonyms of nouns body(in relation to the body of a fat person) and word(usually with a negative assessment or in ironic contexts): Betweenplumpbodygets stuckleg(Aseev); Yes,There iswords,Whattourniquet,Howflame,Whatare shininginto the distanceAnddeep down-beforebottom,ButtheirsubstitutionwordsTreasonMaybebeequal to(Tward.).
Note. Plural form h. tow- old; normative plural form h. eyes. Form tow can only be used in stylized contexts: Where or pathos get it? Maybe be, advertisement V newspaper? Where prostrate hand? Where lightning hit from tow? (Distiller.).
§ 1213. The fourth type of stem correlation. All nouns on anin(spelling also Ianin), except for the word family man, as well as words master, boyar, Bulgarian, sir And Tatar form plural forms. hours from the base equal to the base units. hour with final cut off in. At the same time, the words on anin, Ianin form all forms of oblique plural cases. h. from the base to |n| and the form to them. p.m. h. from the base to |n’|: Armenians am, Armenians ami, But Armenians e. Words master, Bulgarian, sir And Tatar form plural forms. h. from the base to a hard consonant, a pair of soft consonant base units. hours before the final in: gentlemen A, gentlemen am (gentlemen in), bars, Bulgarians, Tatars; noun master has in them p.m. including variant forms bar s And bar e. In them. p.m. h. nouns on anin, Ianin(except for the word family man) have inflection e(phonemic |α 1 |): Armenian - Armenians, Moldavian - Moldovans, peasant - peasants, similar earthlings, aliens, Martians. They have the same inflection. p.m. h. master And boyar: bar(And bars), boyars, and Gypsy: gypsies. Nouns Bulgarian And Tatar have in them. n. inflection s(phonemic |i|): Bulgarians, Tatars; noun sir has inflection A: gentlemen.
All the listed words have the plural form cut off at the base. part finale in have in genus n. zero inflection: Armenians,Moldovans,peasants,Bulgarians,boyars,gentlemen.
Note. Truncating the base unit. h. at the expense of the finals in, also occurs in plural forms. h. noun brother-in-law(see § 1211).
From the truncated base units. hours form plural forms. h. noun husband. R. flower(plural - flowers), avg. R. vessel(ship) (plural - ships) and women R. chicken(plural) chickens; in the event that it is emphasized that we are talking about females, truncation may not occur: RoosterjumpedWithfenceAndretiredTohischickens. Shuksh.; in phraseology: HowwetChicken, colloquial). In the family p. words vessel And flower have inflection ov(ships,colors), word chicken- zero inflection ( chickens).
§ 1214. Fifth type of correlation of fundamentals. Words child And Human form plural forms. h. from suppletive bases de|t’| and lju|d’|: children,People. In the family p. words children,People have inflection to her:children,of people; on TV n. - inflection mi:children,people.
Note. Form people used only jokingly or ironically, for example, in the expression: All We People, All people; formations are also normal: half-humans(along with demihumans), subhumans from those usually consumed in units. h words half-human, subhuman in meaning (defective, unreal person). Forms of indirect pad., formed not from a suppletive stem, are normally used in quantitative combinations: two Human, three people, With five people, O five people. In contexts that emphasize human belonging to the animal world, the non-normative form gender is sometimes found. p.m. h. people: Mansion stood fantastic figures half-beasts, demigods And personV, curved, With intertwined hands, grinning, distorted grimaces(Sand.). In the literature of the 19th century. form gen. P. people how stylistically neutral is found in the language of poetry: Day - this brilliant cover - Day, earth-born revival, Souls painful healing, Friend people And gods! (Tyutch.).
Nouns that do not form separate plural forms. Ch.
§ 1215. Some words in plural. Ch. They do not form certain forms, i.e. they have incomplete plural paradigms. Ch. These are the following cases.
1) They do not form genus forms. p.m. including the following words from the wife. r.: a) mga,haze,bribe,dark(darkness) ; b) words with a consonant + tsa:foulbrood,dirty guy,lazy,pollen,dogtrot,salt,hoarse, and coffers,damask,yearning,cod. Plural forms The use of the listed words is very rare.
2) The gender form is not found in use. p.m. h words dream,head,supplication. These forms are usually replaced by forms of the synonym: dreams(instead of * dream),goals(instead of * noggin or * head),requests(instead of * pleading).
3) All plural forms are uncommon. h. words crown.
4) In words shchetz And firewood there are no other forms other than the genus form. p.m. h.
Nouns that vary according to the adjective inflection
§ 1216. Nouns that have the form im. change according to the adjectival declension. p.un. including one of the inflections characteristic of the forms named after. p.un. including adjectives of adjectival declension (see § 1310), i.e. inflection Ouch and th(spelling also th) in nouns husband. R.; and I(spelling also yaya) in nouns wives. R.; oh(spelling also her) in nouns. R.; no(spelling also s) for nouns pluralia tantum: tailor, counselor, worker, comma, insect, tips. A significant part of the nouns of the adjectival declension are substantivized adjectives and participles (see § 543–549). The varieties in the declension of these nouns and the phonemic composition of their inflections are the same as in the adjectival declension (see 1310–1314). For nouns that change according to the adjectival declension, in the plural. h. and in the words husband. R. in units h. belonging to the category of animate or inanimate is morphologically expressed: animate nouns have the same gender inflections. and wine etc., in inanimate inflections named after. and wine P.
Singular |
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Masculine |
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day off Ouch |
two hryvnia th |
working th |
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day off Wow |
two hryvnia Wow |
working his |
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day off wow |
two hryvnia wow |
working to him |
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day off Ouch |
two hryvnia th |
working his |
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day off th |
two hryvnia th |
working them |
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Oday off ohm |
Otwo hryvnia ohm |
Oworking eat |
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Neuter gender |
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animal oh |
subject to her |
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animal Wow |
subject to his |
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animal wow |
subject to to him |
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animal oh |
subject to her |
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animal th |
subject to them |
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Oanimal ohm |
Osubject to eat |
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Feminine |
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comma and I |
maid and I |
manager and I |
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comma Ouch |
maid Ouch |
manager to her |
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comma Ouch |
maid Ouch |
manager to her |
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comma wow |
maid wow |
manager wow |
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comma Ouch ( oh) |
maid Ouch ( oh) |
manager to her ( oh) |
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Ocomma Ouch |
Omaid Ouch |
Ohead |
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Plural |
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Masculine |
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day off s |
two hryvnia s |
working no |
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day off s |
two hryvnia s |
working their |
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day off th |
two hryvnia th |
working them |
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day off s |
two hryvnia s |
working their |
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day off them |
two hryvnia them |
working them |
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Oday off s |
Otwo hryvnia s |
Oworking their |
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Neuter gender |
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animal s |
subject to no |
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animal s |
subject to their |
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animal th |
subject to them |
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animal s |
subject to no |
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animal them |
subject to them |
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Oanimal s |
Osubject to their |
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Feminine |
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comma s |
maid s |
manager no |
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comma s |
maid s |
manager their |
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comma th |
maid th |
manager them |
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comma s |
maid s |
manager their |
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comma them |
maid them |
manager them |
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Ocomma s |
Omaid s |
Omanager their |
" |
Masculine nouns in Czech include nouns that end in:
- hard consonant: brambor, pilot, dům, pes
- to a soft consonant: nůž, konec, boj, kříž
- some animate nouns ending in a vowel: neposeda, přednosta, škůdce, soudce
The masculine gender in Czech is divided into animate And inanimate nouns This affects the endings of nouns when we work with cases. Feminine and average are not divided into animate and inanimate.
Plural. Animated
Kdo? Co?
Who? What? |
pan ové
pan i |
muž i | předsed ové | soudc ové
soudc i |
Jiř í |
Koho? What?
Whom? What? |
pan ů | muž ů | předsed ů | soudc ů | Jiř ich |
Koho? Co?
Whom? What? |
pan y | muž e | předsed y | soudc e | Jiř í |
Following the example of the word pan– pan ové(pán i) the words will be declined: syn, právník, lev, student, president, voják.
Following the example of the word muž– muž ové(muž i) the words will be declined: ředitel, držitel, uklízeč, cizinec, rodič.
Following the example of the word předseda– předsed ové the words will be inclined: bandita, starosta, kolega, hrdina, policista.
Following the example of the word soudce–soudc ové(soudc i) the words will be declined: správce, dárce, zrádce, vládce, průvodce.
Following the example of the word Jiří– Jiř í the words will be inclined: krejčí, průvodčí, vedoucí, výpravčí, dozorčí.
It may be noted that the plural in the case "Who? What?" we got by adding the ending to the word -ové or -i.
Plural. Inanimate
Kdo? Co?
Who? What? |
hrad y | stroj e |
Koho? What?
Whom? What? |
hrad ů | stroj ů |
Koho? Co?
Whom? What? |
hrad y | stroj e |
Following the example of the word hrad the words will be inclined: most, strom, obchod, pas, stůl, balkon.
Following the example of the word stroj the words will be inclined: počítač, cíl, míč, klíč, čaj, měsíc.
Now, in order to use our time even more rationally, we will put an adjective in front of these nouns in these three cases and see what endings it takes.
Inanimate masculine nouns in the plural are characterized by the ending -é : strom y(trees) jsou mlad é (young) .
Animate masculine nouns in the plural are characterized by the ending -í : muž i(men) jsou mlad í (young) .
From the topic Adjectives in Czech. Masculine. The singular number we know that in the Czech language there is also the so-called. "soft adjective"– it is characterized by a soft ending -í .
The most commonly used adjectives of this group are: mobilní, právní, cizí, krajní, denní, noční, místní, lokální, státní, poslední, finanční, ostatní, první, třetí.
Soft adjectives are not inflected for number or gender.
So, in order to distinguish by what type we need to decline an adjective in the plural, we need to put the adjective from the plural into the singular - soft adjectives will remain with the ending -í , and the solids in the singular will receive their characteristic -ý .
You can double-check yourself on any word in the Czech language on the website slovnik.seznam.cz.
With adjectives everything is very simple.
We enter them into our tables and get:
Kdo? Co?
Who? What? |
mlad í /ciz í | pan ové
pan i |
muž i | předsed ové
(husite) |
soudc ové
soudc i |
Jiř í |
Koho? What?
Whom? What? |
mlad ých/ciz ich | pan ů | muž ů
(přátel) |
předsed ů | soudc ů | Jiř ich |
Koho? Co?
Whom? What? |
mlad é /ciz í | pan y | muž e | předsed y | soudc e | Jiř í |
Kdo? Co?
Who? What? |
velk é /prvn í | hrad y | stroj e |
Koho? What?
Whom? What? |
velk ých/prvn ich | hrad ů | stroj ů |
Koho? Co?
Whom? What? |
velk é /prvn í | hrad y | stroj e |
Declension of nouns "days", "people", "guests"– frequently used words in the Czech language:
Kdo? Co?
Who? What? |
velk é /velcí/prvn í | dn y/dn i | lid é | host é |
Koho? What?
Whom? What? |
velk ých/prvn ich | dn í /dn ů | lid í | host ů |
Koho? Co?
Whom? What? |
velk é /prvn í | dn i
dn y |
lid i | host y |
In the masculine plural in Czech adjectives, in addition to endings, you need to pay attention to the changes in letters in the word itself:
Similar endings:
As in Russian, cases correspond to different prepositions.
Whom? What? (Genitiv = 2. pád)
od– odcházím od kamarádů (I'm leaving my friends)
do– do lesů (to the forest), nastupujte do vozů (go into the cars)
bez– bez partnerů (without partners)
krom(ě)– kromě manželů (except for husbands)
misto– místo rublů vezmi dolary (use dollars instead of rubles)
suble– suble zákonů (according to laws)
podel / kolem– kolem hradů (around fortresses)
about– okolo zámků (near/around the castles)
u– u domů (near houses)
vedle– zastávky vedle obchodů (stops near shops)
během– během vikendů (during weekends/weekends)
help– pomocí šroubováků (using screwdrivers)
za– za starých časů (in old times)
Whom? What? (Akuzativ = 4. pád)
pro– dárky pro muže (Presents for men)
před– dej stoly před televizi (place tables in front of the TV)
mimo – (past, outside of something, except, besides someone / something, besides, on top of something)– ochrana dřevin rostoucích mimo lesy (protection of trees growing outside the forest), mimo soudy (not for ships)
na– pověste oblečení na věšáky (hang clothes on hangers)
pod(e)– všechno padá pod stoly (everything falls under the tables)
o– zvýšit o 2 stupně (increase by 2 levels), boje o poháry (fights for cups)
po– jsem po kotníky ve vodě (I’m ankle-deep (ankle - m. r.) in the water)
v– věřit v zákony (believe in laws)