Download the presentation on the topic of the content of personality socialization. Presentation on the topic: A person in the process of socialization. Professional interests, inclinations and abilities

Lesson topic:

Socialization. Agents of socialization.

1.Professional interests, inclinations and abilities

2. Socialization.

3. Agents of socialization.

Interests- these are the motivations of the cognitive

character. Interests are related to needs

person.

Interests are distinguished:

by content (for example, musical, technical);
in breadth (wide, i.e. versatile, or narrow, aimed at only one subject);
by depth (deep or superficial);
by duration (stable or unstable)

Professional interest- it's emotional

a person's colored attitude towards a certain species

activities.

Addiction

Addiction is more than just

cognitive impulse is an active, conscious transformative attitude towards something.

Tendencies are manifested in any activities aimed at mastering various knowledge or creating any things or objects.
Inclinations are not only manifested, but also formed in activity.

Interests

Tendencies

I want to know

I want to make

Capabilities

Capabilities- these are individual

personality traits that provide him with

success in activity.

The highest levels of development of abilities are talent and genius .

Talent – outstanding abilities of an individual in a particular activity.
Genius – the highest degree of creative manifestations of personality.

Types of abilities

CAPABILITIES

Are common

Special

Pedagogical,

sports,

technical,

mathematical,

artistic,

organizational,

literary and linguistic

Intelligence,

performance,

determination, etc. .

The concept and essence of socialization

The term “socialization” came to human science from political economy, where it originally meant “socialization.” The American sociologist Giddings in 1887 in his book “The Theory of Socialization” first used it in the meaning in relation to a person - “the development of the social nature or character of the individual, the preparation of human material for social life.” By the middle of the 20th century. socialization has become an independent field of research.

An analysis of numerous concepts of socialization shows that they all gravitate towards one of two approaches that diverge from each other in understanding the role of the person himself in the process of socialization.

Socialization- This

beginning in infancy and ending in old age the process of mastering social roles and cultural norms.

Stages of socialization:

Childhood Youth Maturity Old age
Initial Continued

(early) (mature)

Secondary (continued)

An individual's acquisition of special knowledge and skills - professional socialization;

Inclusion of the individual in the system of social division of labor;

Changing a person’s lifestyle due to exclusion from the production environment

(maturity, old age).

Primary (early or initial)

The acquisition by an individual of general cultural knowledge, the development of initial ideas about the world and the nature of human relationships

(childhood, youth)

Stages of socialization

Factors and means of socialization

Factors

socialization

Megafactors

(mega - very

general)

Macro factors

(macro – large)

Mesofactors

(meso – average,

intermediate)

Microfactors

society,

state

type of settlement in which they

live (region, village, city, town);

by belonging to the audience

or other media (radio, television);

by belonging to one or another

subcultures

family, home, neighbor

education, peer groups,

educational, social,

state, religious

and private organizations

world society

Socialization explains how man evolves from being biological turns into a creature social . It's a process of formation personalities , which is carried out as a result of interaction with one’s own kind.

Socialization is a person’s search for his social place, acquisition political(rights to vote and be elected), economic(apparatus employed), social(creating your own family, separating from your parents) independence.

Agents- specific people responsible for teaching cultural norms and learning social roles.
Institutes - official institutions, formal organizations that influence the process of socialization and guide it.

Agents of socialization-

specific people responsible for teaching other people cultural norms and helping them learn different social roles

Parents, brothers, sisters, relatives, teachers (primary socialization)

Television employees, enterprises, police officers (secondary socialization)

Institutes of socialization- it's social

institutions that influence and guide the process of socialization

Family, school (primary socialization)

Media, army, church

(secondary socialization)

Types of socialization

Primary socialization

essence

Secondary socialization

The sphere of interpersonal relationships, the immediate environment of a person

Agents and institutions

Parents, brothers, sisters, relatives, friends, coaches

Sphere of social, formal relations

Their functions

State, production, media, army, court, church, school.

Each - many functions, interchangeable

Highly specialized: each - 1-2 functions

Show with 3 examples the impact of various social institutions on the socialization of an individual ( C6 . p. 53 TK).
Name any 3 factors of personality socialization.
What meaning do social scientists put into the concept of “personal socialization”? Write 2 sentences containing information about the socialization of the individual. (C5.p. 34 TZ)

A4 page 46 TK

A) During socialization, the individual enters the social environment and adapts to it.

B) During socialization, the individual assimilates social experience.

1)Correct A; 3) both are correct;

2) Correct B; 4) both are incorrect.

The essence of socialization consists in the combination of adaptation and isolation of a person in the conditions of a particular society. Adaptation (social adaptation) is the process and result of an individual becoming a social being. Isolation is the process of autonomization of a person in society, a person’s need to have his own views, attachments, the ability to independently resolve issues relating to his life, and so on.

The process of personal socialization can be divided into two stages: 1) primary socialization - takes place in the childhood and teenage years of an individual’s life (family, preschool and school institutions, as well as peer groups - groups of friends and peers); 2) secondary socialization is the development of the individual in subsequent years of life (social institutions, including the education system, the media, work collectives)

A normative and regulatory function that shapes and regulates a person’s life in society through the influence on him of special social institutions that determine the way of life of a given society in a temporary context; - personal-transformative function, individualizing a person through the formation of a need-motivational sphere, ideals and attitudes of a person in the system of social relations; - value-orientation function that forms a system of values that determine a person’s lifestyle; Socialization functions

Communication and information, bringing a person into relationships with other people, groups of people, a system, saturating a person with information in order to shape his lifestyle; - procreative function, generating readiness to act in a certain way; - a creative function, in the process of implementation of which the desire to create, to find a way out of non-standard situations, to discover and transform the world around oneself is born; - a compensatory function that makes up for the deficiency of the necessary physical, mental and intellectual properties and qualities of a person.

Socialization and its agents Socialization is the process of an individual mastering a certain system of knowledge, norms, values and social roles Desocialization is the individual’s refusal of previously acquired roles Resocialization is the assimilation of new rules and roles to replace the lost ones

A social group is an association of people who have a common significant social characteristic based on their participation in some activity connected by a system of relations that are regulated by formal or informal social institutions. Social group

According to the functions performed, normative and comparative reference groups are distinguished; based on the fact of membership in the group, presence groups and ideal, in accordance with the individual’s agreement or rejection of the norms and values of the group, positive and negative reference groups. The normative reference group acts as a source of norms regulating the behavior of an individual, a guideline for a number of problems that are significant to him. In turn, the comparative reference group is a standard for the individual in assessing himself and others. The same reference group can act as both normative and comparative. A presence group is a reference group of which an individual is a member. Classification of groups

An ideal reference group is a group whose opinion an individual is guided by in his behavior, in his assessment of events that are important to him, in his subjective attitudes toward other people, but of which he is not a member for some reason. Such a group is especially attractive to him. An ideal reference group can be either really existing in a social environment or fictitious (in this case, the standard of subjective assessments and life ideals of an individual are literary heroes, historical figures of the distant past, etc.). If the social norms and value orientations of a positive reference group fully correspond to the ideas about the norms and values of the individual, then the value system of a negative reference group, with the same degree of significance and importance of the assessments and opinions of this group, is alien to the individual and is opposite to his values. Therefore, in his behavior he tries to receive a negative assessment, “disapproval” of his actions and position from this group. Classification of groups

Sigmund Freud's theory of socialization S. Freud's theory of socialization is based on the position that the biological impulses of an individual contradict the norms of culture, and socialization is the process of curbing these impulses. Civilization, with its numerous moral prohibitions, harms the normal development of the human personality and is the source of its neuroses.

Sigmund Freud's theory of socialization Human activity is a biological process in which the continuous need to maintain homeostatic balance manifests itself in the form of drives that force the body to mobilize its activity in a certain direction, at a conscious level. At the age of 3-6 years, the child faces a conflict between his own motives and the rules imposed by the environment. This conflict, which originates in ambivalent feelings towards parents, is called the Oedipus complex, where the child is in a situation of both desire and fear towards parents. All basic models of social interaction are formed at this stage. The further process of socialization represents a fragile compromise between the natural and the cultural.

Erik Erikson's Theory of Socialization Socialization is a path to identity that begins at birth and ends at death. There are 8 stages of self-identity formation, each of which is characterized by a specific developmental task, or crisis, that must be resolved in order for a person to move on to the next stage.

Life cycle according to E. Erikson 1. Trust and distrust up to a year. The degree of trust with which a child develops in the world around him, in other people and in himself, depends on the care shown to him. 2. Independence and indecisiveness (autonomy and shame) from 1 year to 3 years. Forming in the child the feeling that he controls himself, that is, he develops a sense of confidence and independence. 3. Entrepreneurship and guilt from four to five years. The preschooler begins to invent activities for himself, and not just respond to the actions of others or imitate them. 4. Skill and inferiority. (Creativity and inferiority complex) from 6 to 16 years. When children are encouraged to finish what they start and praised for their results, the child develops skill and creativity. 5. Personal identity and role confusion. A feeling of holistic awareness of oneself and one’s place in life appears, self-determination occurs, and “I” identity is formed. 6. Intimacy and loneliness from the end of adolescence to the beginning of middle age. Intimacy is the ability to care for another person and share everything that is significant with him without fear of losing himself. 7. General humanity and self-absorption. (Productivity and stagnation) middle age. The ability to be interested in the destinies of people outside the family circle, to think about the life of future generations, the forms of the future society and the structure of the future world. 8. Integrity and hopelessness. the period of old age and until death. A feeling of wholeness and meaningfulness in life arises for those who, looking back on their lives, feel satisfaction.

The theory of socialization by Jean Piaget Socialization is the process of adaptation to the social environment, the ability to realize one’s “I”, to compare the points of view of other people and one’s own. This requires a formed intellectual apparatus and moral principles. It determines the child’s transition from an egocentric position (a feature of children’s thinking, his ideas about the world, an individual position, which consists in the inability to understand and take into account other points of view and positions) to an objective one.

The theory of socialization by Jean Piaget Social life begins to play a progressive role when cooperative relationships develop, when a child masters the norms of behavior and thinking, such a turning point in development occurs at 7-8 years. Until this period, the subject’s interaction with the outside world is subject to the laws of biological adaptation. External influence on the subject is exerted by two processes that complement each other: assimilation, the inclusion of external elements in the developing or completed structures of the body, while new elements are deprived of their specific features; and accommodation - adaptation of previously formed reactions of the subject with the transition to new ways of responding. As we master reality, these processes become more coordinated. Thus, at a certain and fairly high level of development, social factors are added to biological factors, due to which the child develops logical norms. Assimilation ceases to be egocentric, that is, the child becomes able to assimilate experience, and the interaction of the logical mind and experience itself is sufficient for further intellectual development.

Charles Cooley's theory of socialization The formation of personality is based on the multiple interactions of people with the world around them. In the process of such interactions, people create their “mirror self,” which consists of three elements: how others perceive us, from our point of view; how those others react to what they see from our point of view; how we act in response to our perceived reactions of others. This theory focuses on the interpretation of the thoughts and feelings of other people by one person or another.

George Mead's theory of socialization Mead developed Cooley's ideas and developed a theory that explains the essence of the process of an individual's perception of other personalities and developed the concept of a generalized other, to a certain extent complementing and developing the theory of the “mirror self.” In accordance with this concept, the generalized other represents the universal values and standards of behavior of a certain group, which form an individual self-image among the members of this group. In the process of communication, an individual, as it were, takes the place of other individuals and sees himself as a different person. He evaluates his actions and appearance in accordance with the presented assessments of his generalized other, as if looking at himself from the outside.

George Mead's Theory of Socialization J. Mead distinguished three stages in the process of a child learning to perform adult roles. The first preparatory stage (between the ages of 1 and 3 years), during which the child imitates the behavior of adults without any understanding of the meaning of this activity The second stage, called play (at 3-4 years), occurs when children begin to understand the behavior of those who they are portraying, but the performance of the role is still unstable. The third final stage (at 4-5 years or more), in which role-playing behavior becomes collected and purposeful and the ability to perceive the roles of other actors is manifested. The stages of accepting the role of another, others, a generalized other are all stages of the transformation of a physiological organism into a reflexive social individual. The origin of the ego is thus entirely social.

Moscow State Humanitarian University named after. M. A. Sholokhova Faculty of Ecology and Natural Sciences Presentation on the topic: Socialization processes Completed by 3rd year students of the correspondence department of the direction “Biology” Aleksandrova K., Safina A., Demyanovskaya A., Ulyanova M. Moscow 2015

Slide 2

In society, every second new people are born who do not yet know anything: neither the rules, nor the norms, nor the laws according to which their parents live. They need to be taught everything so that they become independent members of society, active participants in its life, capable of teaching the new generation.

Slide 3

The process of an individual assimilating social norms, cultural values and behavioral patterns of the society to which he belongs is called socialization. It includes the transfer and mastery of knowledge, abilities, skills, the formation of values, ideals, norms and rules of social behavior. Socialization is a set of agents and institutions that form, guide, stimulate, and limit the formation of a person’s personality. The process of socialization covers all layers of society. Within its framework, the assimilation of new norms and values to replace old ones is called resocialization, and the loss of social behavior skills by an individual is called desocialization. Deviation in socialization is usually called deviation.

Slide 4

The socialization process consists of several stages:

Stage of adaptation (birth - adolescence). Identification stage. Integration stage. Labor stage. Post-work stage (old age).

Slide 5

Stages of the process of personality socialization according to Erikson:

Infancy stage (from 0 to 1.5 years). Early childhood stage (from 1.5 to 4 years). Stage of childhood (from 4 to 6 years).. Stage associated with primary school age (from 6 to 11 years). Adolescence stage (from 11 to 20 years). Stage of adolescence (from 21 to 25 years). Maturity stage (from 25 to 55/60 years). Stage of old age (over 55/60 years). At each stage of socialization, a person is influenced by certain factors, the ratio of which is different at different stages.

Slide 6

Primary and secondary socialization. Agents of socialization.

These are specific people responsible for teaching cultural norms and social values. Individuals, groups, as well as social institutions through which socialization occurs are called agents of socialization.

Slide 7

Primary socialization covers the period from birth to the formation of a mature personality. The agents of primary socialization of the individual are the immediate environment, which has a direct impact on it: Family Parents Friends Peers School (teachers) Sports (coaches) Etc. In modern times, such agents of primary socialization as the media and the Internet are gaining power.

Slide 8

Secondary socialization is the process of development of a socially mature personality, associated mainly with mastering a profession. Secondary socialization is carried out by people connected by formal business relations, heads of institutions, organizations, official representatives of the state and its bodies. mass media

Slide 9

Parameters influencing relationships between family members, their life together, and child development:

1. Demographic parameter. 2. Socio-cultural parameter. 3. Socio-economic parameter. 4. Technical and hygienic parameter.

Slide 10

The socialization process is carried out on the basis of four hierarchically located structures. The impact of these structures is layered on top of each other. The first structure is the microsystem. The second structure is the mesosystem. The third structure is the exosystem. The fourth structure is macrosystems. Thus, socialization is one of the main social mechanisms that ensure the preservation, reproduction and development of any society.

Slide 11

Social control

It is the most important result of socialization and consists in regulating his behavior, which leads to the subordination of the individual to the group into which he is integrated. Such submission is expressed in meaningful or spontaneous adherence to the norms prescribed by the group. Social control can be: formal informal

Slide 12

Deviant behavior

When the ideals of society are incommensurate with the real possibilities of achieving them, individuals may use other means to achieve their goals. This choice is associated with deviant behavior, i.e. one that does not correspond to the social norm. T Thus, some individuals, in pursuit of illusory success, wealth and power, choose socially prohibited or illegal means and become either delinquents or criminals. Another type of violation of norms is open disobedience and protest, demonstrative rejection of the values accepted by society. Thus, deviation is the result of the inability or unwillingness of individuals to adapt to society and its requirements, in other words, it indicates a complete or relative failure of socialization in this particular case.

Slide 13

Social status

Slide 14

Social prestige

The concept of status is usually associated with the concept of prestige. Social prestige is a public assessment of the significance of the position that a person occupies in the social structure. The higher the prestige of a person’s social position, the higher his social status is assessed. For example: education received in a good educational institution and a high position are considered prestigious; specific place of residence (capital, city center). E If they talk about the high importance not of a social position, but of a specific person and his personal qualities, in this case they mean not prestige, but authority.

Slide 15

In general, five factors can be identified that influence the socialization process:

biological heredity; physical environment; culture, social environment; group experience; individual experience.

Slide 16

Conclusion

Socialization is a complex, vital process. It largely depends on him how an individual will be able to realize his inclinations, abilities, and succeed as a person. The process of socialization of a person continues throughout his life, but it is especially intense in his youth. It is then that the foundation for the spiritual development of the individual is created, which increases the importance of the quality of education, increases the responsibility of society, which sets a certain coordinate system for the educational process, which includes the formation of a worldview based on universal and spiritual values, the development of creative thinking, the development of high social activity, determination, needs and the ability to work in a team, the desire for new things and the ability to find the optimal solution to life problems in non-standard situations;

Slide 17

the need for constant self-education and the formation of professional qualities, the ability to make decisions independently, respect for laws, moral values, social responsibility, civic courage, develops a sense of internal freedom and self-esteem, nurturing the citizen’s national self-awareness

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Stages of socialization It is known that a baby enters the big world as a biological organism and his main concern at this moment is his own physical comfort. After some time, the child becomes a human being with a complex of attitudes and values, with likes and dislikes, goals and intentions, patterns of behavior and responsibility, as well as with a uniquely individual vision of the world. A person achieves this state through a process we call socialization. During this process, the individual becomes a human person.

Stages of socialization Pre-labor stage. Early socialization from birth to school entry; Stage of education – school years, student years (university – dual reference). Labor stage. The idea of socialization as a continuous process, lifelong education. Specifics of socialization of adults. Post-labor stage. The idea of “desocialization”, the curtailment of social functions. The role of older people in the reproduction of social experience. Changing the activity type.

Socialization is a two-way process, including: the individual’s assimilation of social experience by entering the social environment, a system of social connections; the process of active reproduction by an individual of a system of social connections due to his active activity, active inclusion in the social environment. The term “socialization” is distinguished from the related concepts “personal development” and “upbringing”.

Institutes of socialization Institutes of socialization are specific groups in which the individual is introduced to systems of norms and values and which act as a transmitter of social experience (Belinskaya, Tikhomandritskaya). Pre-labor stage: family, preschool institutions, school, peer groups, educational institutions. Labor stage: work collective, team, organization. Post-labor stage: public organizations whose members are retirees.

The process of socialization of the individual includes the education of active social responsibility, awareness of duty to society, understanding of the need to comply with social norms, which ultimately ensures normative behavior, a high degree of social education of a person, and the prevention of antisocial manifestations.

Three spheres of personality development: activity Throughout the process of socialization, the “catalog” of activities expands. Three important processes: Orientation in the system of connections (through personal meanings); Centering around the main thing (the emergence of a hierarchy of personality); Mastering new roles and understanding their significance

Three areas of personality development: communication Communication in the context of socialization is considered from the perspective of its expansion and deepening: the expansion of communication is understood as an increase in contacts with other people, the specificity of these contacts at each age; deepening communication is a transition from monologue to dialogical communication.

Three spheres of personality development: self-awareness The process of socialization means the formation of the image of “I” in a person: the separation of this image from activity; interpretation of "I"; Social psychology: how does a person's inclusion in various social groups trigger this process?

CONCLUSIONS: socialization is a two-way process, including, on the one hand, the individual’s assimilation of social experience by entering the social environment, a system of social connections; on the other hand, the process of active reproduction of a system of social connections by an individual due to his active activity, active inclusion in the social environment; the formation of personality occurs in three areas: activity, consciousness, communication; a special role in modern socialization belongs to education and the acquisition of a profession; In modern conditions, an active life position of the individual is being formed.