When is October's Day celebrated? Class hour conversation "Octobers - friendly guys." History of the creation of Komsomol

From among the pioneers or Komsomol members of the school. In these groups, children prepared to join the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V.I. Lenin. Currently, the official “Octobers” program for patriotic and educational activities with primary schoolchildren exists in Belarus.

Description

Term October arose in 1924, when the first groups of children began to appear in Moscow, into which children the same age as the Great October Socialist Revolution were accepted.

Groups of Octobrists were created in the first grades of schools and operated until the Octobrists joined the Pioneers and the formation of Pioneer detachments. When joining the ranks of the Octobrists, children were given a badge - a five-pointed ruby ​​star with a portrait of Lenin as a child. The symbol of the group was the red October flag. The group (in some schools - a detachment) of the Octobrists consisted of several units called “stars”, each of which usually included 5 children - the symbol of a five-pointed star. The principle of creating a detachment of October students was simple: the detachment is a school class. As a rule, in the “star”, each October boy occupied one of the “positions” - commander of the “star”, florist, orderly, librarian, political informant or sportsman. In some schools, the commander of the “star”, at the request of the teachers, sewed a stripe on the sleeve of his jacket (the commander of the squad - 2 stripes).

Associations of junior schoolchildren under pioneer and other children's organizations, similar to the Octoberists, operate in many countries.

October Rules

There are exactly five of our rules.
We will carry them out

We are active guys
Because it's October.
October, don’t forget -
You are on your way to becoming a pioneer!

We are brave guys
Because it's October.
Like the heroes of the native country,
We want to build our own life.

We are diligent guys
Because it's October.
Only those who love work
They call them October people.

We are truthful guys
Because it's October.
Never, nowhere, in anything
We won't let our friends down.

We are funny guys
Because it's October.
Our songs, dances, laughter
We divide equally among everyone.

Structure of communist youth organizations of the USSR

• Octobers - primary school students;
• Pioneers - middle school students (from 3rd or 4th/ admission to the pioneers on 8th/ admission to Komsomol);
• Komsomol members - young people aged 14 to 28 years;
• Party - CPSU.

October Revolution in the Republic of Belarus

Oktyabrenok is a member of the organization aged 7 to 10 years. A newcomer to pioneering affairs, ready to accept and continue the traditions and history of Pioneerism. Admission to the organization of junior schoolchildren is carried out in a solemn atmosphere at the gathering of the squad simultaneously with the ritual of conferring the title of “October”.

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Notes

Literature

• Documents of the CPSU Central Committee and the Komsomol Central Committee on the work of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. I. Lenin. - 3rd ed. - M., 1970.
• The counselor's book. - 6th ed. - M., 1972.
• Panova N. S. To the teacher about working with October students. - 2nd ed. - M., 1972.
• We invite you to Oktyabryatsk! The star's counselor's book. - M., 1971.
• Relay of pioneer generations. - M., 1972.
• Urie Bronfenbrenner. Two Worlds of Childhood: US and USSR. - Simon & Schuster, 1972. - 190 p. - ISBN 978-0671212384.

Sources

• Lebedinsky V.V., Chesnokova N.P. Octobers // Great Soviet Encyclopedia.

An excerpt characterizing the Oktyabryats

“Yes, that’s nice,” Rostov said, smiling.
But Boris, noticing that Rostov was about to laugh at Berg, skillfully deflected the conversation. He asked Rostov to tell us how and where he received the wound. Rostov was pleased with this, and he began to tell, becoming more and more animated as he spoke. He told them his Shengraben affair exactly as those who participated in them usually talk about battles, that is, as they would like it to have happened, as they had heard from other storytellers, as it was more beautiful to tell, but not at all the way it was. Rostov was a truthful young man; he would never deliberately tell a lie. He began to tell with the intention of telling everything exactly as it was, but imperceptibly, involuntarily and inevitably for himself, he turned into a lie. If he had told the truth to these listeners, who, like himself, had already heard stories about the attacks many times and formed a definite concept of what the attack was, and expected exactly the same story - or they would not have believed him, or, even worse, they would have thought that Rostov himself was to blame for the fact that what usually happens to storytellers of cavalry attacks did not happen to him. He couldn’t tell them so simply that they all rode at a trot, he fell off his horse, lost his arm and ran with all his might into the forest away from the Frenchman. In addition, in order to tell everything as it happened, it was necessary to make an effort on oneself to tell only what happened. Telling the truth is very difficult; and young people are rarely capable of this. They were waiting for the story of how he was burning all over the fire, not remembering himself, how he flew into the square like a storm; how he cut into it, chopped right and left; how the saber tasted the meat, and how he fell exhausted, and the like. And he told them all this.
In the middle of his story, while he was saying: “You can’t imagine what a strange feeling of rage you experience during an attack,” Prince Andrei Bolkonsky, whom Boris was waiting for, entered the room. Prince Andrei, who loved patronizing relations with young people, flattered that they turned to him for protection, and well disposed towards Boris, who knew how to please him the day before, wanted to fulfill the young man’s desire. Sent with papers from Kutuzov to the Tsarevich, he went to the young man, hoping to find him alone. Entering the room and seeing an army hussar telling the military adventures (the kind of people that Prince Andrei could not stand), he smiled affectionately at Boris, winced, narrowed his eyes at Rostov and, bowing slightly, sat down tiredly and lazily on the sofa. It was unpleasant for him that he found himself in bad society. Rostov flushed, realizing this. But it didn’t matter to him: it was a stranger. But, looking at Boris, he saw that he too seemed ashamed of the army hussar. Despite the unpleasant mocking tone of Prince Andrei, despite the general contempt that, from his army combat point of view, Rostov had for all these staff adjutants, among whom the newcomer was obviously counted, Rostov felt embarrassed, blushed and fell silent. Boris asked what news was at headquarters, and what, without immodesty, had been heard about our assumptions?
“They will probably go forward,” Bolkonsky answered, apparently not wanting to talk more in front of strangers.
Berg took the opportunity to ask with particular courtesy whether, as was heard, they would now issue double forage to army company commanders? To this, Prince Andrei answered with a smile that he could not judge such important state orders, and Berg laughed joyfully.
“We’ll talk about your business later,” Prince Andrei turned again to Boris, and he looked back at Rostov. – You come to me after the review, we will do everything we can.
And, looking around the room, he turned to Rostov, whose childish insurmountable embarrassment turning into embitterment he did not deign to notice, and said:
– I think you were talking about the Shengraben case? You were there?
“I was there,” Rostov said angrily, as if by doing so he wanted to insult the adjutant.
Bolkonsky noticed the hussar’s condition and found it funny. He smiled slightly contemptuously.
- Yes! there are many stories about this matter now!
“Yes, stories,” Rostov spoke loudly, suddenly looking wildly at Boris and Bolkonsky, “yes, there are many stories, but our stories are the stories of those who were in the very fire of the enemy, our stories have weight, not stories of those staff guys who receive awards without doing anything.
– Which one do you suppose I belong to? – Prince Andrei said calmly and smiling especially pleasantly.
A strange feeling of embitterment and at the same time respect for the calmness of this figure was united at this time in Rostov’s soul.
“I’m not talking about you,” he said, “I don’t know you and, I admit, I don’t want to know.” I'm talking about staff in general.
“And I’ll tell you what,” Prince Andrei interrupted him with calm authority in his voice. “You want to insult me, and I am ready to agree with you that this is very easy to do if you do not have sufficient respect for yourself; but you must admit that both the time and place were chosen very badly for this. One of these days we will all have to be in a big, more serious duel, and besides, Drubetskoy, who says that he is your old friend, is not at all to blame for the fact that you had the misfortune of not liking my face. However,” he said, getting up, “you know my last name and know where to find me; but don’t forget,” he added, “that I do not consider myself or you at all offended, and my advice, as a man older than you, is to leave this matter without consequences. So on Friday, after the show, I’m waiting for you, Drubetskoy; “goodbye,” Prince Andrei concluded and left, bowing to both.
Rostov remembered what he needed to answer only when he had already left. And he was even more angry because he forgot to say this. Rostov immediately ordered his horse to be brought in and, having said a dry goodbye to Boris, went home. Should he go to the main apartment tomorrow and call this broken adjutant or, in fact, leave this matter like that? there was a question that tormented him all the way. Either he thought angrily about the pleasure with which he would see the fear of this small, weak and proud man under his pistol, then he felt with surprise that of all the people he knew, there was no one he would want to have as his friend. , like this adjutant he hated.

After the victory of the October Revolution, red children's organizations, groups and associations arose in various cities. On May 19, 1922, the 2nd All-Russian Komsomol Conference decided to create pioneer detachments everywhere.

In the first years of Soviet power, pioneers helped street children and fought illiteracy, collected books and set up libraries, studied in technical circles, cared for animals, went on geological hikes, nature study expeditions, and collected medicinal plants. The pioneers worked on collective farms, in the fields, guarded crops and collective farm property, wrote letters to newspapers or to the relevant authorities about violations that they noticed around them.

AiF.ru recalls how in Soviet times they accepted Octobrists, pioneers and who could become a Komsomol member.

From what class were you accepted into October?

Schoolchildren in grades 1–3 became Octobrists, united on a voluntary basis into groups under the school’s pioneer squad. The groups were led by counselors from among the school's pioneers or Komsomol members. In these groups, children prepared to join the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V.I. Lenin.

When joining the ranks of the Octobrists, children were given a badge - a five-pointed star with a child’s portrait of Lenin. The symbol was the red October flag.

In honor of the victory of the October Revolution, since 1923, schoolchildren were called “Octobers.” The Octobrists were united into stars (analogous to the pioneer unit) - October 5 and also “sickle” and “hammer” - the leader of the star and his assistant. In an asterisk, an October child could occupy one of the positions - commander, florist, orderly, librarian or sportsman.

In the last decades of Soviet power, all primary school students were admitted to October, usually already in the first grade.

Who were accepted as pioneers?

The pioneer organization accepted schoolchildren aged 9 to 14 years. Formally, admission was carried out on a voluntary basis. The selection of candidates was made by open voting at a meeting of the pioneer detachment (usually corresponding to the class) or at the highest—at the school level—pioneer body: the squad council.

A student joining a pioneer organization gave a solemn promise of a pioneer of the Soviet Union at the pioneer meeting (the text of the promise in the 1980s could be seen on the back cover of school notebooks). A communist, Komsomol member or senior pioneer presented the newcomer with a red pioneer tie and a pioneer badge. The pioneer tie was a symbol of belonging to the pioneer organization, a part of its banner. The three ends of the tie symbolized the unbreakable connection of three generations: communists, Komsomol members and pioneers; the pioneer was obliged to take care of his tie and protect it.

The greeting of the pioneers was a salute - a hand raised just above the head demonstrated that the pioneer put public interests above personal ones. "Be ready!" - the leader called on the pioneers and heard in response: “Always ready!”

As a rule, pioneers were accepted into a solemn atmosphere during communist holidays in memorable historical and revolutionary places, for example on April 22 near the monument to V.I. Lenin.

Punishments were applied to members of the organization who violated the Laws of the Pioneers of the Soviet Union: discussion at a meeting of the unit, detachment, or squad council; comment; exception warning; as a last resort - exclusion from the pioneer organization. They could be expelled from the pioneers for unsatisfactory behavior and hooliganism.

Collecting scrap metal and waste paper and other types of socially useful work, helping elementary school students, participating in military sports “Zarnitsa”, classes in clubs and, of course, excellent studies - this is what the pioneer’s everyday life was filled with.

How did you become a Komsomol member?

They became Komsomol members at the age of 14. The reception was carried out individually. To apply, you needed a recommendation from a communist or two Komsomol members with at least 10 months of experience. After this, the application could be accepted for consideration by the school Komsomol organization, or it could not be accepted if the submitter was not considered a worthy figure.

Those whose application was accepted were scheduled for an interview with the Komsomol committee (council of Komsomol members) and a representative of the district committee. To pass the interview, you had to memorize the Komsomol charter, the names of the key leaders of the Komsomol and the party, important dates, and most importantly, answer the question: “Why do you want to become a Komsomol member?”

Any of the committee members could ask a tricky question during the trial stage. If the candidate successfully passed the interview, he was given a Komsomol card, which documented the payment of dues. Schoolchildren and students paid 2 kopecks. per month, working - one percent of salary.

They could be expelled from the Komsomol for sloppiness, going to church, for non-payment of membership dues, or for family troubles. Expulsion from the organization threatened the lack of good prospects and career in the future. The former Komsomol member did not have the right to join the party, go abroad, and in some cases he was threatened with dismissal from his job.

In my mature retirement years, the scribbler is drawn to memoirs. And it turned out that peers are interested in reading this, because, of course, they remember their childhood and youth. So I’m posting it for everyone. There is only text here, within the site, and for friends everything is decorated with photographs of those times.

1. October.
Reference:
Octobers - in the Soviet Union, students aged 7-9 years old, united in groups under the school's pioneer squad. The groups were led by counselors from among the school's pioneers or Komsomol members. In these groups, children prepared to join the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V.I. Lenin.
The term "October" arose in 1923-24, when the first groups of children began to appear in Moscow, into which children the same age as the Great October Socialist Revolution were accepted.
Groups of Octobrists were created in the first grades of schools and operated until the Octobrists joined the Pioneers and the formation of Pioneer detachments. When joining the ranks of the Octobrists, children were given a badge - a five-pointed ruby ​​star with a portrait of Lenin as a child. The symbol of the group was the red October flag. The October group consisted of several units called “stars”, each of which usually included 5 children - a symbol of a five-pointed star. As a rule, in the “star”, each October child occupied one of the positions - commander, florist, orderly, librarian or athlete.
The Komsomol Central Committee approved a set of “rules” for the Octobrists:
Octobers are future pioneers.
October kids are diligent guys, they love school and respect their elders.
Only those who love work are called Octobers.
Octobers are truthful and courageous, dexterous and skillful.
The Octobers are friendly guys, they read and draw, play and sing, and live happily.
The activities of the October students took place mainly in the form of games and were organized by teachers and counselors. Every year on April 16-22, the All-Union October Week was held. At school for October students, “Lenin readings” could be organized, when on the 22nd of each month an appointed high school student came to class and read stories about V.I. Lenin (his birthday was April 22, 1870). All-Union (“Funny Pictures” and “Murzilka”) and republican magazines were published for October students
My social and collective life in general began with school; it was 1963, school number 15 in the village of Bykovo near Moscow. First “B” class, in which we were accepted in October.
The sign of belonging was a badge on the uniform - a red star, and in the middle there was a young Lenin in a circle. There were both metal and plastic. I think I had both, one broke and they bought me another one.
I still have a metal one in my old collection, but I don’t remember exactly if it’s mine.
I don’t remember how I took it either. In class, probably. Or maybe in the school assembly hall.
The rules - yes, very good. They probably memorized it in chorus when they were preparing.
.
As for the “choir,” I remembered the history of those times. Almost like Dragunsky, remember Deniska’s stories” (I loved them very much) - “Vasya’s dad is strong in mathematics..”, when Mishka sang one verse all the time, and then Deniska did the same.... And I was a participant in a similar story.
A story about a border guard
Second class. A singing lesson attended by a committee. Two aunts sat on the back desk. The teacher lined up half the class in two rows with the best singers, not all of them, at the board. At that time we were learning a patriotic song about a border guard with the words “The dense forest is covered with snow. There is a border guard at the post”... I don’t remember further, because during this important lesson I didn’t have to sing any further.

It’s a miracle, of course, the Internet of our days stores this song, even performed by a children’s choir. I listened with pleasure.
And here are the words

There is a border guard at the post,
The night is dark and there is silence all around,
Our Soviet country is sleeping.
There is a ravine near the border,
Maybe there is an enemy hiding in the thicket.
But no matter what enemies you meet,
The border guard is ready to fight back!
So that the people will always be calm,
Our army protects us.
The dense forest is covered with snow,
There is a border guard at the post...

And the children from the orphanage, who studied with us and were masters of all sorts of mischief, more about them later, altered or brought from the depths of their orphanage other words, where instead of the border guard there was “a devil with a club” (but such a text was not found on the Internet). Perhaps we sang this during recess... But in the presence of the commission, frightened and excited children, to the accompaniment of the piano, sang this devil in the second line:
The dense forest is covered with snow,
There's a devil with a club on duty

Of course, the teacher stopped playing, there was noise in the class, she, sternly, “First.” Yes, the same thing.

At first I sat at my desk in fear, and then I ended up in the second choir, because the first choir was returned to its place and other children were called.
It was dark outside, like that border guard’s, because we were studying on the second shift. In the bright classroom, my already finished and disgraced classmates sat, wide-eyed at us. Two stern and dissatisfied aunts were clearly visible in the back row.
And we started singing... Maybe some people sang correctly, but I, and I was far from alone, sang about the devil with the club.
I think we started another song afterwards. Because this one never worked out.
I don’t remember any execution; they probably just scolded me.
I was even later enrolled in the school choir. I was proud, because I loved to sing and still love it. We went to perform somewhere and sang correctly and well. Of the childhood songs, I remember most of all my favorite, heroic, sending my fantasies straight to the world of the Civil War, where I was this commander with a bandaged head.

Music: Matvey Blanter
Words: Mikhail Golodny (Epstein)

A detachment walked along the shore,
Walked from afar
Walked under the red banner
Regimental commander.

The head is tied,
Blood on my sleeve
A bloody trail is spreading
On damp grass.

"Boys, whose will you be,
Who is leading you into battle?
Who is under the red banner
Is the wounded coming?"

"We are sons of farm laborers,
We are for a new world
Shchors marches under the banner -
Red commander.

In hunger and cold
His life has passed
But it was not for nothing that it was spilled
There was his blood.

Thrown back beyond the cordon
Fierce enemy
Tempered from a young age
Honor is dear to us."

The cavalry rushes dashingly,
The sound of hooves is heard,
Shchors red banner
There's noise in the wind

Now you can read that Shchors is not such a glorious commander, and his death is not the same, and in general ..
And then - yes, I want to be a Hero. Shchors and Chapaev, Gagarin and intelligence officer Nikolai Kuznetsov. Well, at worst - just a partisan (I, living among the trees, for some reason really liked playing partisan).
For us, October people, the all-Union magazine Murzilka was published. My parents subscribed, and Murzilka was read, and then stored in the sofa, along with the adult humor magazine "Crocodile", the pack was tied with twine for a year, lay there for a decade, moved to a new apartment... But then they threw it away. But now these Murzilkas are again being published in the form of large and expensive books, all the magazines are there by year, and my colleague, a generation younger, is buying them for her preschooler son.
Now, of course, it’s easy to find out the story of the origins of this little yellow hero wearing a beret that looks like an acorn’s cap. It has a long history, as it should be, pre-revolutionary and foreign in origin. And for us - here it is:
The next time Murzilka was remembered was in 1924, when a new children's magazine was created under the Rabochaya Gazeta. One of the founders remembered this name and it was accepted almost unanimously. But don’t put a brownie on the cover! Therefore, Murzilka became a red mongrel puppy who accompanied his owner, the boy Petka, everywhere. His friends also changed - now they were pioneers, Octobrists, as well as their parents. However, the puppy did not exist for long - he soon disappeared, and Petka subsequently disappeared from the pages of the magazine.
It is traditionally believed that a certain fluffy yellow creature was born into the world by the artist Aminadav Kanevsky at the request of the editors in 1937. However, back in the 50s, Murzilka was a small man wearing an acorn hat on his head instead of a beret. He appeared like this in several cartoons, the last of which, “Murzilka on Sputnik,” was created in 1960. It was this beret that later became an indispensable attribute of Murzilka, when it turned yellow and overgrown.
Soon other heroes began to appear in this magazine - the evil sorceress Yabeda-Koryabeda, the talking cat Shunka, Magpie-Balabolka, Sportlendik and Ladybug. All these characters became the hosts of the main sections of the magazine - funny and entertaining stories, curiosity questions, a sports page, stories about nature.
The best children's writers were published on the pages of Murzilka: Samuil Marshak, Korney Chukovsky, Sergei Mikhalkov, Boris Zakhoder, Agnia Barto. “Murzilka” instilled in the little ones a love of learning with the help of bright pictures, interesting plots and playful rhymes.
In 1977 - 1983. The magazine published “A detective-mysterious story about Yabeda-Koryabeda and her 12 agents” (author and artist A. Semenov) and its continuations. Often the magazine took on topics that were far from children's. For kids who had only recently learned to read, “Murzilka” talked about the conquest of space, the construction of the Dnieper Hydroelectric Power Station, the 1980 Olympics, and even explained the ideology of the party - “To the Octobrists about Communists.”
Counselor.
The October students were assigned a counselor at school, who sometimes came into the classroom during recess, sometimes after school with the teacher and organized something. We had a seventh grade boy who seemed quite grown up. His sister studied with us. I remember that one day in the spring, for some reason, he jumped out of a second-floor window into the backyard of the school and broke his leg. We were worried because he was not at school for a long time. I don’t remember any more than others.
A story about orphans.
The orphanage was not far from the school, and several children came to first grade. I remember two boys - Seryozha Dozorov and Seryozha Dolgopolov. They weren’t any particular hooligans; on the contrary, they could maintain discipline, and the teacher, leaving the class, I remember, put one of Seryozha in his place and told everyone to sit quietly. The boy told us various, mostly scary stories, unheard of not only by me, but also by many children at home, from the series “a coffin was driving around the city on wheels,” or in “a black, black forest...”. Remember:
In the black-black forest
There is a black-black house.
In this black, black house
There is a black, black room.
On a black-black table
There is a black, black coffin there,
In this black, black coffin
A black, black skeleton lies.
The skeleton shouts:
GIVE MY HEART!
And everyone sat quietly, with their hands folded in front of them, and, frozen, listened... And they didn’t even scream out of fear. They were probably afraid of both the teacher and Seryozha.
But in the third grade, one of the children from the orphanage had a birthday, and they drank a bottle of cologne outside the school.
That, in fact, is all about them. By the way, the orphanage is still there. He has been there since 1943, and his students still study at that school.
The first teachers.
There is little about them, because all this is a background, a picture of the environment in which we grew up socially.
In the first grade we had a young teacher, anonymous in my memory, who had been practicing for almost the first year. The children quickly realized her lack of experience, spoiled her and made noise.
Sasha Chekin swallowed a penny during class. I cried - “I swallowed a pretty penny.” The teacher was scared, she also almost cried, and almost ran him to the medical room. We returned quickly. They said it’s okay, she’ll come out on her own.
This is perhaps the most vivid memory of first grade. The question “did she come out” was monitored by the class.
Came out.
Well, perhaps I also remember rubbing office glue between my fingers during labor lessons and sticking the pellets into my nose. The class was startled by a juicy, loud sneeze.
We were taught to read using an alphabet book. I personally seemed to be reading individual words syllable by syllable by first grade, and so were many children. Most people are reading this now, probably by first grade. My eldest daughter was already reading books at the age of four. True, the youngest had difficulty reading syllables by the age of six (the date of departure to the “zero” preparatory class)
For some reason, I remember the reading lesson in the spring of first grade, the text about combine operators and plowing the land, and the feeling of lightness when reading. It was probably more difficult before.
And from the second grade, everyone was enrolled in the school library, and books were sent, for example, one of the favorites, “About the Brave and Skillful” - about military exploits and difficulties.

In the second grade we were given the highly experienced, strict, but fair Anna Georgievna. For three years of elementary school, she deftly led our class along the path of knowledge and political consciousness.
I loved her. Apparently she did me too, because she was strict and demanding, for my benefit. I remember it was the second shift, it was dark, we were rewriting the dictation, or more accurately realizing the mistakes. We write incorrectly written words in lines. “Everyone will write two lines, and you will write four, because you study well, it’s doubly embarrassing to make such mistakes.”
After moving to another school, my classmates and I visited her at school several times, even went home, she gave us tea, asked how we were doing, and we really liked it.

A story about an athlete
We also had a memorable physical education teacher, Nikolai Andreevich, a young, curly-haired man, wearing a blue tracksuit, as was the case back then, with a whistle around his neck. I won’t describe physical education itself, that’s not what this is about, but the stories he sometimes told in class were no less scary than the one about the black coffin. Why and why he told them, I cannot say. Probably, this was also how he maintained discipline. I remember we were sitting in the hall on benches, the gym was an extension to the school, everything was as it should be, large windows and benches on the sides. It's raining. I don’t remember why we are sitting. But a sportsman walks past us and talks about how he worked as a diver. A favorite topic, but in a particularly memorable story, he and a friend were sent to look for a girl who had drowned in the river.
“Now I’m walking along the bottom of a muddy river, my feet are stuck in the silt, there are algae all around, it’s getting dark - there’s a bridge above me, I wander closer to the shore and see something white among the sedges... I approach - and it’s a drowned woman, swollen, her hair is fluttering with the current ..." Well, that sort of thing.
We were scared, and I remember it like it was yesterday.
====================
I am a rather quiet girl, timid, who came out of the forest. The school was four kilometers from the house, two of them - along the streets of the village, along the highway, or alleys, past private houses, and along the path of a swampy meadow, if you want to quickly... And two kilometers, already to the house - so, all over natural. Along a field, along a one-way street with a dozen private houses behind fences, and on the other side - bushes, a swamp, a small forest, then pine meadows and the end. The road abuts the railway embankment. And at this end, about a hundred meters from the rails, are our houses. The windows of the room in my quarter of the house looked out onto a clearing and a forest. The kitchen windows look out onto the garden and sheds. And all the time you can hear - knock-knock, knock-knock - trains and electric trains. I lived with this until I was seven, we didn’t have any kindergartens, my parents worked late in the winter, with only one day off. And from spring to autumn they were on geodetic expeditions. Granny doing housework. I play outdoors or in the room. There are only four girlfriends, well, a few older guys, we didn’t overlap with them much.
And then there's school. Lots of children and adults. The rules of conduct are strict. The directors were afraid. Not everyone was afraid to indulge too, of course, but I certainly was. And in the October unit I was only responsible for watering the flowers on the windowsill, and in the first pioneer detachment I did not stand out, I did not aspire higher, I did not dream of any social career.
A story about a drawing club.
In the third grade, I, already accustomed to school, emboldened, having studied all the ways of the road, began to go to the nearby Pioneer House, to a drawing club. I liked to draw, and the teacher was a quiet, kind elderly man, Nikolai Alexandrovich, I think. Only girls went to paint, and he loved, walking between the easels, stroking our heads and backs. Sometimes he said: “How I love you all. I would invite you to my home and bathe me in the bath..."
Strange, you say? And we were simple children, we didn’t understand anything, and he didn’t take any further action.
But this story had a continuation. Having moved to live and study in a neighboring village, already in the seventh grade, I met him at the local market. He was delighted, said that he was now working in our home of pioneers, and invited me to join the circle again. And I went. I went there for almost two years, enjoyed painting even in oils, and never heard any obscenities from him. But, being already in the pioneer position, and visiting this House of Pioneers on all sorts of business, I heard that he once worked at a school and was fired for molesting little girls.
Meanwhile, the time has come to join the pioneers
2.Pioneers
Reference:
The All-Union Pioneer Organization united republican, regional, regional, district, city, and district pioneer organizations in the USSR. Formally, the Regulations on the All-Union Pioneer Organization stated that the basis of the organization is the squad, which is created in schools, orphanages and boarding schools with at least 3 pioneers. In squads numbering more than 20 pioneers, pioneer detachments are created, uniting at least 3 pioneers. In orphanages and pioneer camps, groups of different ages could be created. A detachment consisting of 15 or more pioneers is divided into units. In fact, as indicated, the pioneer units (divided in turn into units led by the unit members) united students of the same class, and the squads united students of the same school.
Overall the structure looked like this:
A link consists of 5-10 pioneers, the leader is a link pioneer.
A detachment consists of 30-40 pioneers, usually a class of a secondary school, the chairman of the detachment council and its flag - a pioneer elected by the detachment.
The squad is a pioneer organization of the school, 300-400 pioneers, the chairman of the squad council is a pioneer leader or a young Komsomol teacher, and his flag leader is a pioneer elected by the squad.
The district pioneer organization - all detachments and squads of educational institutions of the district, is headed by the chairman of the council of the district pioneer organization - the head of the department of the district committee or the third secretary of the district committee of the Komsomol.
The regional pioneer organization - all detachments and squads, regional organizations of the region, is headed by the chairman of the council of the regional pioneer organization - the head of the department of the regional committee or the third secretary of the regional committee of the Komsomol.
All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V.I. Lenin - united all pioneer organizations of the USSR, the organization was headed by the Central Council, headed by the Secretary of the Central Committee
Pioneer events
Palace of Pioneers. Existed in every city, after the dissolution of 1991, they were repurposed into Houses of Children's and Youth Creativity
Since the pioneer movement was formed by people from scouting, according to the original idea, pioneer life should have resembled scout life, with lectures around the fire, learning songs, games, etc. However, as the pioneer movement became formalized and merged with the school, pioneer life also acquired a formal character life, often reduced to a set of events “for show”. These were mainly shows (particularly popular were “formation and song reviews” with drill), concerts, sports competitions, and, more rarely, hikes. The paramilitary children's game “Zarnitsa” gained great popularity.
In general, pioneer practice boiled down to the following:
Waste paper collection
Scrap metal collection
Formation review and songs
Help for pensioners (Timurov movement)
Military sports "Zarnitsa"
All-Union competition of street football teams "Leather Ball"
All-Union competition of yard ice hockey teams “Golden Puck”
Team ball game Pioneerball (simplified version of volleyball)
Team ball game "Sniper" (similar to the game "Dodgeball")
Young assistant traffic inspectors ("YuID" movement)
Youth volunteer fire brigades (YUDPD movement)
"Blue Patrol" (protection of water resources) and "Green Patrol" (protection of forests)
Young naturalists
Classes in sports clubs and sections
Procedure for admission to the pioneer organization
The pioneer organization accepted schoolchildren aged 9 to 14 years. Formally, admission was carried out on a voluntary basis. Admission was carried out individually, by open voting at a meeting of the pioneer detachment or squad (if it was not divided into detachments), operating in a secondary school and boarding school. First of all, excellent students and activists became pioneers, then other children. Formally, admission was carried out on a voluntary basis, but in the 1950-1980s, virtually all schoolchildren upon reaching the appropriate age were accepted as pioneers. Rarely were they not accepted as pioneers, usually only inveterate hooligans. There were refusals for religious reasons. Those who joined the pioneer organization at the pioneer line made a solemn promise to be a pioneer of the Soviet Union. A communist, Komsomol member or senior pioneer presented him with a red pioneer tie and a pioneer badge. As a rule, pioneers were accepted into a solemn atmosphere during communist holidays in memorable historical and revolutionary places, for example on April 22 near the monument to V.I. Lenin. Excellent and good students were accepted on the November holidays[, and everyone else on April 22.
Pioneer's Solemn Promise
“I, (last name, first name), joining the ranks of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after Vladimir Ilyich Lenin, in the face of my comrades, solemnly promise: to passionately love and take care of my Motherland, to live as the great Lenin bequeathed, as the Communist Party teaches, as required by the Laws of the Pioneers Soviet Union."[Note. Until 1986 it was: “...to passionately love your Motherland, to live, study and fight, as the great Lenin bequeathed, as the Communist Party teaches, to always fulfill the laws of the pioneers of the Soviet Union.”
===================

The oath is pronounced once, upon entry. And I’ll remember it for the rest of my life.

We were received, like many Moscow and Moscow region children, at the V.I. Lenin Museum. We arrived by train, with teachers, parents and counselors, and lined up in one of the halls. Maybe they swore in unison, I don’t really remember, and they tied a red tie on us. Maybe they attached an icon, I don’t remember.
For some reason, there are no photos, although some of my peers, already adults, when going to school graduation dates, I saw such photos - both in the museum and on Red Square.

Then there was a tour of the museum, and then we were taken to the Mausoleum to look at grandfather Lenin. Going down the steps in the twilight, I tripped, almost fell, made a little noise, but the soldier standing next to me didn’t bat an ear or blink an eye.
I was inflamed with devotion to grandfather Lenin for many years. Then, as the political heat cooled, there was an inexplicable pity for the lying restless body. It never came to the point of curses and hatred. I visited the mausoleum several more times in those ancient times, taking peripheral relatives and acquaintances who visited there. And several times I saw vivid dreams about Lenin “coming to life” there, who either moved his hand or even showed his face.
We were received in the spring, apparently for the leader’s birthday; I returned home from school with my classmates and newly minted pioneers, unbuttoning my coat halfway so that the red tie was visible. True, it seems to me that we didn’t meet anyone at this halfway point.
But now at home, my grandmother, an elderly, illiterate and never-in-any-thing woman, had a phrase for my reassurance in case of various life disturbances: “Shame on you, you’re a pioneer” (later on, only the names of social levels changed in the phrase, the goal was the same - to shame).
We developed pioneering activity not only at school, but also in the courtyard of our residence, a wonderful green large courtyard surrounded by wooden houses.
I came up with a squad for good deeds - “Red Carnation Squad” - OKG. I came up with it at night, and in the morning I went out into the yard and announced to the whole small company of girls that now we will have our own squad, like Timur and his team, according to Gaidar’s book. And we took turns choosing a commander and coming up with good deeds. A headquarters was set up in the basement of one of the largest houses. They got there through a narrow hole at ground level, and since it was completely dark there, they built a homemade wick from stolen kerosene in a jar and a rag dipped into it. By the way, I climbed someone else’s terrace to get kerosene. They drew and somehow hung a map of the surrounding streets on the foundation bricks, and once a day they climbed into the headquarters on all fours to collect and develop plans. True, the youngest friend, crawling out of there, was noticed by the adults, and when asked why we were crawling there in the dark, she said that a kerosene wick was burning there. The detachment was cursed and expelled.
We met parents coming from the train after work and helped them carry their bags. In a large public garage, we obtained metal sticks with hooks at the end, so similar to hoes, and under the cover of evening we heaped potatoes for the neighbor’s lonely grandmother, Krakhina (that’s what we called her). True, the grandmother swore in the morning. Maybe something was done wrong, or at the wrong time, but a good deed was done.
What about our concerts? Diligent Soviet children learned patriotic songs and poems, danced the sailor dance “Yablochko”, staged scenes from “Deniska’s Stories” - “Did you steal the plan of a secret airfield? No, I didn’t steal the plan...”
I spent a long time learning the song “The warmth has gone from the fields, and a flock of cranes...” while listening to the record. - a very sad song about “...and the Motherland is dearer,” and while I was teaching, I cried with tenderness and love for the Motherland.
On the only day off for our adults, we gathered everyone in the clearing.
The adults resisted, especially those who were not parents. Everyone’s work was piling up, they didn’t really want to go, we cried, our parents persuaded the adults, and, finally, the female part of the courtyard population, with their chairs and stools, sat down in the clearing.
The concert began. We performed in turns, from behind an old bedspread and curtain made from rope and begged... The most interesting activity was both the preparation and the concert itself. Everyone was happy afterwards.

At the new school 1968-1971

And then that same move to a new place of residence happened, which radically changed my social life.
The three of us came to the fifth grade with the girls with whom we grew up and studied together before. And the class has basically studied together for four years. At the meeting they began to elect the chairman of the detachment council. No one was eager, and then my friend (I still don’t know why she was so impatient) stood up and said, “I propose to Sveta, she’s a good student and..”, well, she probably said something else as she conscientiously and actively participated in pioneer life (apparently I watered the flowers on time). The class voted unanimously with relief, and my new life began. A timid, disciplined, reliable and quite politicized girl, who believes in all the values ​​and ideals offered to us, became a diligent and then active chairman of the council of her squad.
Naturally, I joined the council of the squad, meetings began in the pioneer room, various affairs and events began. We outlined plans, worked on losers and self-indulgents both within the detachment and at the council of the squad.
A small room on the second floor of the school. Three tables in the letter T, in the corners near the window, a Pioneer banner, a bugle, a drum. And in the corner by the door there was also a teacher’s desk.
There was enough to do, life was in full swing.

Well, of course, one of the most popular and interesting activities is collecting scrap metal and waste paper. The school was surrounded on three sides by a concrete fence, on one long side wall (behind the school there was also a garden), at regular intervals the class numbers were written in chalk - 5A, 5B... Scrap metal was piled under them, collected throughout the village. It was great to disperse in different directions, in groups, with comrades, and find somewhere an armored mesh from a bed, pieces of pipes, old pots. You never know what was lying around in the bushes and trash heaps. Then a car arrived, these heaps were somehow weighed and the best squad was determined.
Waste paper was accumulated at home, collected from neighbors, tied with twine and also dragged to school.

Regular formation parades and songs were also a massive event. At the beginning there is a general line-up, carrying out the banner of the pioneer squad, with a bugler and drummer. Each troop marched, singing something patriotic, around the school hall, and then the best one was determined.

Constant publication of wall newspapers for various dates - Teacher's Day, New Year, February 23 and March 8.
I loved publishing wall newspapers. On New Year’s Day, “HAPPY NEW YEAR” was invariably written in large letters, the inscription was smeared with stationery glue, and sprinkled with old New Year’s toys stuffed into small pieces. In the lower right corner is the class number.
Ever since elementary school, I have been drawing a profile of Lenin.
Here is how it was.
Completely on my own, at home, in the fourth grade, I sat down at our round table at home, put a stamp with the leader, or rather his head, in front of me, and after several attempts I redrew it very similar, only a little larger.
Then I showed it to the head of the drawing group. He didn’t believe it at first, he applied the drawing to the stamp, looked at the light, thinking that I had translated it somehow, but the drawing was a little larger... then he was delighted, he even praised my mother, my mother took the drawing, wrapped it in wax and kept it for a long time. Then he got lost.
Now I have been looking through stamps on the Internet for a long time, I found a very similar one, and the year was right, and the memories came back to life.

I repeated that successful one time again, and again, and by the seventh grade I could easily depict the leader’s profile in the corner of the newspaper.
The difficulty was that not everyone was allowed such a sacred rite. There is no point in distorting bright features. The teachers and head teacher looked at my drawings for a long time, but they still allowed me to do it.
Gorki Leninskie
In the sixth grade, when an almost traditional April wall newspaper competition was held for the leader’s birthday, it turned out that one girl’s relatives lived right in Gorki Leninskiye, in the memorial complex, the place of the last residence and death of Lenin’s grandfather (yes, grandfather was only fifty-four) .
An idea was born - to go there, watch, listen, record, photograph, and then publish this material in a newspaper.
About four of us gathered, me, a girl whose relatives, and a couple of people who joined us.
I grabbed a camera; by that time I was already using the Zenit-S SLR camera my father had given me, naturally still a film camera. I also knew how to develop and print, and I loved this job very much.
We decided to go in the morning. At home, in order to avoid the ban, I did not speak. I think she said that after school I’d be late on Pioneer business. We couldn’t estimate the time; there was no Internet, no cell phones.
We told the head teacher at school that we were going with someone’s mother, and we were released from class.
By train and metro we got to the Paveletsky station, then by train, probably to Leninskaya, pompous and beautiful. We walked from the platform, a friend took us to her relatives’ house, and then everything was fine. They gave me tea, showed me the greenhouses where one of my relatives worked, took me to Lenin’s museum-apartment in Gorki, and even gave me a tour guide. On a weekday spring day of the people, i.e. there were few excursions there, they waited a little, and they took us everywhere, I photographed everything, wrote down stories in a notebook... just like real journalists.
Meanwhile it was getting dark.
We drove back through Gerasimovka, because I remembered a wooden platform at dusk, like a field nearby.
We got home in excitement and even fear.
Of course, the parents were already alarmed, went to school, everything was revealed. Of course they scolded me.
But no other unit had such a newspaper.
Galya
The entire school pioneer movement was headed by the Senior Pioneer Leader. Where did they come from? Then I found out that, for example, one of my classmates, having entered an evening pedagogical institute after school, worked during the day in her native school in this position.
Our name was Galya. In the fifth grade I was timid, in the sixth less so, in the seventh I sometimes even replaced her when she was sick at planning meetings in the House of Pioneers. We had this wooden two-story house in our village, and that’s where I went to draw. There, the pioneers were led by a middle-aged woman, Rada Mikhailovna.
I liked Galya; it was a pleasure to be a pioneer under her leadership. One day she fell ill for a long time, and we went to visit her home, in a small wooden house nearby. There she gave me all sorts of tasks, I wrote them down, and was probably proud of the assigned responsibility for the entire pioneering of the school. Then Gali had a young man. Lesha, it seems... Of course, we activists discussed this among ourselves. Lesha came into the school, they were chatting at the window of the hall, and one day they locked themselves in the pioneer room during recess, and I stood guard, also very proud of myself, and did not let in the eager pioneers for unknown reasons. I thought: they are probably kissing there.
Half a century later, I sometimes meet Galya in our village, sometimes we return from work on the same train, but she doesn’t recognize me, and I don’t know, I don’t dare.

KID
In our school, and maybe in all of them, an International Friendship Club was organized. I can’t say where the children of the socialist countries wrote at first, maybe to the main Pioneer Palace, the letters spread throughout the cities and towns, and reached our school, maybe through the pioneers, maybe through the RONO and teachers. It seems that ours, young at that time, and only the “German” teacher Anna Davydovna, who left her post, was heading something there. In general, I was given a pack of letters to distribute to my squad. The detachment resisted, and of course the rest went to me. A girl from Bratislava, Luba Kvasnickova, a boy, Janek, from Warsaw, and someone else. They wrote in Russian, because everyone there taught it. They, too, under guidance, probably wanted to be friends and correspond. With the boy everything died down after a few letters, but with Lyuba the correspondence continued for quite a long time. What they wrote about was school life. books read, movies... At that time, say, the wonderful Soviet-Polish film “Four Tank Men and a Dog” was shown on television, it was shown in all countries of the commonwealth, you could talk about it, exchange postcards, newspaper clippings.
Here's about this wonderful film:
“Four;re tanks;sta and dog;ka” (Polish: Czterej pancerni i pies) is a Polish black and white television series based on the story of the same name by Janusz Przymanowski. The series belongs to the military-adventure genre and tells about the combat everyday life of the crew of the Red tank and a dog named Sharik during the Second World War.
The series was released at 20:00 (Polish time) on May 9, 1966. The series consists of three seasons, which were filmed and shown on Polish television in 1966, 1969 and 1970. The entire series, designed for children and youth audiences, was shown annually in Poland until 1989.
In the USSR, the series was first shown on September 25, 1968.
During its broadcast in Poland, the series was a huge success. Without exaggeration, we can say that an entire generation of Polish youth grew up and was educated on it: based on the series, lessons were held in schools, plays were staged in theaters, and so-called Tank Clubs were organized.
The series gained no less popularity in the USSR under the name “Four Tankmen and a Dog”, in the GDR under the name “Vier Panzerfahrer und ein Hund”, as well as in other countries of the Soviet bloc.

Luba is from Slovakia, at that time a republic in the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic. Luba had a dad - Jan Kvasnicka, some kind of party figure. Sometimes he came to Moscow and brought me and my family a parcel. I called up my mother, who works in Moscow, not far from GUM, and we met there at the fountain, my mother also took out a box of chocolates and something else in response.
Lyuba and I corresponded until we graduated from school, and also in college, then of course, somehow everything died out.
But we met in person once. We were already studying at institutes, and Lyuba and a tourist group came to us, and not to Moscow, they visited her while passing through, it seems they were in Leningrad, for sure, because she agreed, I met her at the Leningradsky station and took her to my home, on by train. We passed, I remember, Lyubertsy, there was a factory along the railway, almost closed at that time, with old, probably pre-revolutionary buildings, dilapidated. She asked in amazement - has this been destroyed since the war? Yep, I readily confirmed. She brought us to her home, my grandmother fed us, we sat in my room, then we walked in the park, and then we went back and “surrendered” her near VDNKh. Now I think - maybe it would be more interesting for her to see Moscow, but she wanted to see her herself.

Zarnitsa
The military-patriotic game “Zarnitsa” was also held in all schools, and between schools. One of the brightest memories of my pioneer days. A special joy was that military fantasies and games had haunted me since childhood. And in the seventh and eighth grade, I sometimes continued to buy pistols in a toy store, metal ones, similar to real ones, some of which are still in the closet somewhere.
And here is the interschool Zarnitsa, in winter. On this day there were shortened lessons, everyone came already in “combat” uniform to fight in the winter forest on the edge of the village. And I, as the chairman of the squad council (this was already in the eighth grade) and, accordingly, the commander-in-chief of the school army, was supposed to come in a military shirt, with shoulder straps. For this I had to go to Moscow, to the famous Voentorg opposite the Arbatskaya metro station, this store came in handy later, when the institute had a military department, green shirts were purchased there.
Pants, a shirt, shoulder straps (I don’t remember what was there with the stars), a pistol taken into my bag for my own joy - I felt absolutely wonderful. In formation, in detachments, we walked through the village to the winter forest and took up our position. I had to sit in the headquarters, receive intelligence reports, issue commands... There was an assault on the fortress, the capture of the banner. Of course, someone was in charge of the game, I don’t particularly remember the goal or who won.

Post number....
There was the number one post in the country - at the Lenin Mausoleum.
And the pioneers held a post either at the Eternal Flame on May 9, or at the monument to Lenin, on his birthday. In our village, such a monument stood near the plant, next to the House of Culture. Near the monument there were flower beds, blue Christmas trees were planted, and behind the leader on the wall were photographs of leading production workers.
Our school was entrusted with standing guard at the monument for about two hours, it seems. The headquarters of the “guards” was in the recreation center, from there two pioneers with a guard solemnly walked to the monument, changed the guard and walked back. I had to stand as expected - frozen, hands at my sides, for about twenty minutes, I think. People walked by, no one was surprised, and personally, I had feelings of pride and responsibility in my soul. I stood by myself and supervised the divorces.

In the meantime, we have grown to a new level.

The All-Union Pioneer Organization was formed on May 19, 1922. It was then, at the All-Russian Komsomol Conference, that a decision was made to create a mass children's organization in the USSR, led by the Komsomol Central Committee. Later, May 19 began to be considered Pioneer Day. An organized and ceremonial celebration of this event was held every year. At first, the pioneer organization bore the name “Spartak”, and then, after the death of the country’s leader, the official name was changed to the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after Lenin. Many years have passed since then. they stopped accepting people as pioneers, few people remember.

Initially, scouting served as an example for the pioneer movement. In 1917, there were children's scout associations in the country, covering up to 50 thousand people. Scouts carried out a lot of public work to help street children. Soon this movement split into several directions, the basic principles of which differed significantly. Scout troops were led by famous figures such as the publisher and traveler, editor of the magazine “Around the World” V.A. Popov, famous self-taught sculptor and teacher I.N. Zhukov and others. The idea of ​​creating yuk-scouts (young communists - scouts) was proposed by Vera Bonch-Bruevich, an active party member and writer. But in 1919, at the congress of the RKSM, all scout troops were disbanded.

N.K. At the end of 1921, Krupskaya several times read the report “On Boy Scoutism,” where she called on the Komsomol to create a children’s association “scouting in form and communist in content.” Later, the idea of ​​​​creating a children's communist movement was put forward. I.N. Zhukov put forward a proposal to call the future organization pioneer. The symbols chosen were the following: a red tie, a white blouse, the motto “Be prepared!” and the answer is “Always ready!” This was similar to the traditions of the Scout movement, but was partially modified. Also, the goal of the children's pioneer movement was to fight for the freedom of oppressed peoples around the world. In the future, the pioneers had to help adults in the fight against anti-Soviet elements, according to the civic duty of every progressive person, a builder of a communist society.

By the beginning of the forties, the structure of the All-Union Pioneer Organization was completely formed in accordance with the already proven school principle. Each class was a detachment, and the school was a pioneer squad. Military-patriotic work was carried out in children's groups, circles of signalmen, orderlies, and young riflemen were formed.

Before the start of the Great Patriotic War, the “Timur movement,” named after the hero of A. Gaidar’s children’s book “Timur and His Team,” spread. Timurites actively collected scrap metal, dried medicinal herbs, provided all possible assistance to the elderly and sick people, and looked after the children. It is difficult to overestimate everything that the pioneers did at this time, not only for individual citizens, but for the entire country.

With the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, many children and teenagers instantly matured. Grief and overwhelming trials fell like a heavy burden on their shoulders. The pioneers were members of partisan detachments, whose sudden raids on fascist positions caused them significant losses. Some of them were awarded the title of "Hero of the Soviet Union", the highest award of the state, namely:

The pioneers served in the Red Army and were given the unofficial title “Son of the Regiment.” They were intelligence officers, signalmen, and underground workers. Most of them replaced their fathers and older brothers who had gone to the front, worked at machines and in the fields, looked after the wounded in hospitals, and performed concerts for them. Not all of them managed to live to see the Great Victory Day; children, along with adults, experienced all the hardships and horrors of wartime.

In the fifties, certain processes took place in the pioneer organization that entailed a change in its active position and a loss of independence in decision-making; its work became more and more formal. In the 1960s, Leningrad teachers led by I.P. Ivanov, on the basis of the new all-Union camp “Orlyonok”, which was opened on the Black Sea coast, tried to develop creativity in children, coupled with past ideals. But the communard movement, which these activists tried to give rise to, was unable to go beyond the borders of a small region and remained in the arsenal of individual detachments and pioneer squads.

Until what year were there pioneers in the USSR?

With the beginning of perestroika, social and political life in the country sharply intensified. In the second half of the eighties of the last century, the leaders of the children's organization tried to change its goals and methods of working with schoolchildren. Due to the fact that propaganda was carried out about the need to exclude pioneers from ideological work, children's organizations of various directions appeared.

At the tenth rally of pioneers, which took place in Artek, on October 1, 1990, the delegates decided to transform the All-Union Pioneer Organization into the association “Union of Pioneer Organizations - Federation of Children's Organizations”, the abbreviated name SPO - FDO. But the Komsomol Central Committee did not approve this decision.

On September 27 - 28, 1991, at the XXII Extraordinary Congress of the Komsomol, the termination of the organization’s activities and its dissolution was announced. Together with the Komsomol, the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after Lenin was automatically disbanded. The building of the Central Council in Moscow was partially transferred to the use of SPO - FDO. The pioneer palaces became subordinate to the municipalities and became known as “Houses of Children's Creativity,” and the pioneer camps became tourist centers and boarding houses.

Based on this historical data, we can say with certainty what year the pioneers were in. It was in September that the pioneer organization ceased its work. Now we can accurately answer in what year they stopped accepting people as pioneers. And a little later, on December 26, 1991, the Council of Republics of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR announced the adoption of a declaration that spoke of the cessation of the existence of the USSR.

Oleynikov Nikita 9 "A" class

The work contains historical information about the development, structure and significance of the October movement in Soviet society

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Competition of scientific projects for schoolchildren

Within the framework of the regional scientific and practical conference "Eureka"

Small Academy of Sciences for Students of Kuban

Section "Sociology"

Oleynikov Nikita Sergeevich

8th grade, MAOU secondary school No. 17,

Slavyansky district, Slavyansk-on-Kuban

Scientific adviser:

Sidorova Irina Mikhailovna,

History and Social Studies Teacher

MAOU secondary school No. 17

Slavyansk-on-Kuban 2011

Introduction

The October movement - as a social phenomenon of Soviet society

1. History of the formation of the October movement

2. Structures and tasks of the October movement - as part of the general structure of education of Soviet society

3. Educational tasks of the October movement

4. Systems of educational work with the Octoberists in the Soviet Union

Conclusion

List of used literature and sources

Application

1. Sociological survey

2. Structure of the October movement

Introduction

Relevance of the research topicdue to the fact that the October movement in Soviet society was the first stage of involving the younger generation in the country's society. On the eve of the 21st century, our country needs a revival of the ideological education of youth, which was remarkably accomplished in the USSR. We have to solve many problems for the first time. Historically, the development of ideological education occurs as a natural process in society,

predetermining in many ways the social progress of mankind. In Soviet society, a person’s upbringing began, one might say, from the moment of his birth. And, therefore, it is very important that in our modern country, education built on the formation of the life goals of young people, as in Soviet society, is restored, since everything that represents life attunes a person to life values.

Our task is to study the foundations of the October movement, its significance in the ideological education of Soviet society, as the first step in introducing children to the country’s society.

Purpose of the study:to form, scientifically substantiate and experimentally test the significance of the October movement for Soviet society.

Research objectives:

1. consider the concept and essence of the October movement of the USSR;
2. reveal the features of the development of interaction between the October movement, the pioneers and the Komsomol;
3. analyze the rules and regulations of the October movement in Soviet society;
4. conduct and process the results of a sociological survey on the history and significance of the October movement in the Soviet Union.

Object of study -the process and result of studying and researching the October movement in Soviet society.

Subject of study- history of the October movement.

Working hypothesis.The October movement was the initial stage of teaching children in Soviet society to independence, responsibility, determination and enthusiasm for life.

The methodological and theoretical basis of the study is:general scientific concepts of historical, comparative, socio-psychological methods. Scientific articles and textbooks, educational manuals, scientific developments of methodologists and other specialists in the field of education and upbringing of Soviet society. The work uses a sociological survey and structuring of the October movement

Practical significancequalifying work consists of developing and introducing into practice in secondary schools the basic methods of the October movement, as the initial stage of the ideological education of modern children.

Chapter I

. History of the formation of the October movement

During the years of Soviet power, everyone who came to study in 1st grade became Octobrists for the October holiday. How else? Has it ever been different? The first-graders were sincerely convinced that this had always been the case.

Back in 1924, the first Octobers were seven years old. They were the same age as the Great October Revolution. Is it possible to find a more precise name for them - October?

This name was established in 1924. But the very first associations of younger children appeared even earlier...

“Who’s walking with a measured step?” the counselor asked loudly. – Who doesn’t get tired of walking?

And the whole detachment, in time with their march, answered:

We are brave, we are young, we are children of the commune. Our army is vigorous and strong. We will always be able to proudly and firmly defend our work!

The workers at the factory entrances smiled and waved warmly to the Komsomol guys in red scarves.

Salute to the young shift!

Seeing all this, the guys dreamed with passion of becoming pioneers, of being everywhere with them.

They asked their older brothers and sisters to sign them up as pioneers. And often parents came to party committees and Komsomol members and asked: “Take the youngsters into the squad!” Even at general party and workers’ meetings, the issue of working with children of pre-pioneer age was discussed.

And then N.K. Krupskaya suggested that Komsomol members unite the kids into special groups. The junior groups in the detachments of young pioneers were born in Moscow, in that region of Moscow, which is located south of the Moskva River and has long been called Zamoskvorechye. Here, in April 1923, at the Kranac pencil factory, children from the age of eight united into such a special group.

And soon similar associations appeared at the pioneer detachment of the First City Hospital and the detachment of the textile factory named after M.I. Kalinina. In the summer and autumn of the same year, junior groups emerged in Ukraine, Siberia, and the Caucasus. In the city of Tver they were called “maichats”. In Kharkov - “red stars”. In Irkutsk and the then Irkutsk province - “ants”, “sparrows”, then also “red stars”. In the Caucasus, children (“flowers”) were united into a “bouquet,” and “bouquets” made up a “kindergarten” (group). In Odessa, “red grains” were collected into a “spikelet.” Several “ears of ears” made up a “sheaf.” “Spikelets” listened to the word of the “plowman” - the pioneer. The “sheaves” were led by a “miller” - a pioneer or Komsomol member. The “red grains” had their own rules. “The grains” obeyed the “plowmen,” they said. “The “plowmen” consulted the “millers” on everything.

In Moscow, at the suggestion of the Moscow Bureau of Young Pioneers, the younger friends of the pioneer detachments were called Octobrists. And this name, at that time, unusually quickly spread everywhere. Therefore, what exactly was - proud, loud and at the same time cheerful, affectionate: October.

Because on this day, for the first time, the creation of October groups under pioneer detachments was announced throughout the country.

The Central Committee of the RCP (b) approved on this day the Regulations, which stated how they would build, live and work under the detachments of young pioneers named after V.I. Lenin group of October children - children from 8 to 11 years old

The uniform of the first Octobers was exactly the same as that of the pioneers - khaki shirts, girls had dark skirts, boys had short shorts. And they have one, common motto: “Be ready to fight for the workers’ cause!” Answer: “Always ready!” main slogan: “Change is coming!” The laws of the Octobrists and their customs were established.

Laws of October

Octoberists help pioneers, Komsomol members, communists, workers and peasants.

Octobers strive to become young pioneers.

October customs

October people take care of the cleanliness of their body and clothing.

Octobers love to work.

Laying the Foundationsexistence of the October groups, the Regulations approved on August 4, 1924, were based, of course, on the life experience of the very first of them - “maychat” and “grains”, “spikelets” and octobers. But there were very few of them then: in June 1923 there were only 1,250 Octobrists. Today there are more students in one single school than there were all the October students combined in those years.

But only six months after the adoption of the Regulations, by January 1, 1925, their number increased almost 100 times! One hundred thousand three hundred and twenty-five boys and girls began to be called Octobers.

The resolution of the Central Committee of the RCP (b) “On the Pioneer Movement,” adopted on July 24, 1925, noted the successful start of the work of the Komsomol and pioneers among the Octobrists and invited all party and trade union bodies to assist the Komsomol in every possible way in developing this work. “We consider it necessary,” the resolution said, “to continue the gradual expansion of groups of October students with strengthened detachments of young pioneers, carefully studying all the issues of this work and carefully choosing certain forms and methods, adapting them to the characteristics of this age.”

In the mid-20s, the affairs of the October groups were divided into nine thematic stages. In January they were united by the theme “Lenin”, in February - “Red Army”. From the beginning of March to April 10 - “Mother-Worker”, from April 10 to May - “May Day”. From May to June, preparations for the camp took place, and from June to August, the entire camp life unfolded under the slogan “City and Country Links”

From the very birth of the October groups, the friendship of the pioneers and the Octoberists of the village and city was proclaimed. The “Autumn Friendship Walk” of urban pioneers to rural primary schools is an annual milestone in the chronicle of this friendship.

In those distant years, the Octoberists were often called the third shift, ready to fight for the cause of Lenin, the cause of the party, following the Komsomol members and pioneers. This is understandable: the Komsomol members are replacing their party fathers, the Pioneers are replacing the Komsomol, and the Octoberists are replacing the Pioneers. They were then called the fourth generation of fighters for the triumph of the revolution among the communists, Komsomol members and pioneers.

So, the third shift - October - both in the city and in the village took charge of ensuring that all eight-year-old children went to school (back then they began to study at the age of eight, but not all children and not all parents realized the need for learning).

The Octoberists declared a campaign for “growing and blooming” medicines and collected mountains of medicinal plants.

They nursed the little ones quite well and played with three- and five-year-olds in city yards and in huts in the countryside, while the children’s mothers worked in a factory or in the field.

In a word, the affairs of the Octoberists increased towards the end of the 20s and the beginning of the 30s. Their ranks have also expanded. By August 1, 1930, there were already 750 thousand Octobrists in the country.

The growth of October groups was noticeably hampered by a shortage of counselors. The Central Bureau of Young Pioneers announced the mobilization of pioneers and Komsomol members to work with the Octoberists. By October 1930, 100 thousand October leaders had been nominated from their midst - 100 thousand “the most self-possessed and proactive” friends!

And the Komsomol members allocated counselors to October groups. The organizers of the October work began studying at seminars and courses. The conditions in which the Octobrists lived, worked and played improved. They received tools, sports and play equipment as gifts from Komsomol members, and playgrounds were built for them. All this was the practical implementation of the resolution of the VVI Komsomol Congress, which proposed, taking into account the peculiarities of complex and difficult work with the Octoberists, to strengthen the leadership of the groups and improve the qualifications of counselors.

The All-Union Five-day October Day, which took place in October 1930, was a review of the activities of the Octobrists, a review of the Komsomol-pioneer care for them. Committees to promote the five-day week were created everywhere, which supervised all the preparatory work.

And now the holiday that everyone was waiting for has arrived. Orchestras began playing on the streets in the morning. Trucks filled with noisy October people with flags and garlands drove along the central streets of cities; in the villages, October people were given rides on smartly decorated carts.

In workers' clubs, matinees were held with dramatizations on the topic of the day, in schools there were gatherings of October students together with pioneers, party members and Komsomol members invited October students to a frank, intimate conversation about all October affairs and concerns.

The five-day holiday, the five-day review, will be remembered for a long time by both children and adults. She completed her tasks. The number of Octobers has increased significantly. If on August 1, 1930 there were 750 thousand of them, then by January 1933 there were 1 million 776 thousand 325!

Almost every pioneer detachment worked with the October group. In the squads, where there were 400-500 Octobrists, in addition to the released senior leader, a special Octobrist leader was appointed. In the Palaces and Houses of Pioneers, clubs were created for children, matinees were held, and shows were held. The growing methodological and practical experience of games, holidays, gatherings and other activities of the October students was covered on the pages of the magazines “Counselor” and “Igrushka”.

However, along with the successes, obvious miscalculations in the organization of the life of the Octobrists became noticeable. Often, counselors arranged a special reception for children in the October group: “We will accept you, but you are not worthy, you need to change your behavior, work on yourself.” The guys didn’t know how to “work on themselves” and didn’t know how to “change their behavior.” Resentment and severe mental trauma arose.

The resolution of the Bureau of the Central Committee of the Komsomol of March 4, 1936 strongly condemned this practice; from then on, all children in primary school were considered Octobers. By 1940, the number of Octobers in the country was 4 million.

But the peaceful life of the country was interrupted by the Great Patriotic War. No new October groups were created during the war years. There were not enough staff of adult counselors, there were not enough premises - there was a lot missing for the joyful life of the children. But the pioneers, especially the Timur pioneers, still cared about their younger friends. And the younger ones went to help the pioneers: they collected spikelets in the fields, medicinal herbs in the meadows, mushrooms and berries in the forests; they also helped the front.

In November 1957, the Plenum of the Komsomol Central Committee adopted a resolution that stated: “To oblige Komsomol and Pioneer organizations to improve their work with younger schoolchildren. Restore the October groups within the pioneer detachments and squads.”

All previous experience accumulated in the October groups and stars was carefully studied. To develop the pedagogical and methodological foundations for the activities of the Octoberists, people were invited who retained the memory of past October gatherings and holidays, games and competitions. Thus began a new stage of work with the Octoberists.

In 1963, the All-Union Scientific and Methodological Conference on the problems of the pioneer movement was held. Among other recommendations, a methodological letter “On working with Octoberists” was discussed and adopted at the conference. It defined the tasks of educating the Octobrists, outlined the components of the system of working with the Octobrists, and pointed out the role of the teacher and the pioneer detachment in organizing the life of the Octobrists.

By this time, 16 million junior schoolchildren were united in groups of October students.

Each new stage in the chronicle of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V.I. Lenin brings new things into the lives of young Leninists and their younger friends - the Octobrists. Their plans become richer, more varied, more fulfilling, and their affairs more interesting. All of them are closely connected with the most important events in the life of our country, the Komsomol, and the Pioneers.

In 1972, on the eve of the celebration of the half-century anniversary of Lenin's pioneers, the Central Committee of the CPSU adopted a resolution “On the 50th anniversary of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V.I. Lenin". The improvement of its activities was stated in the resolution: “Requires further strengthening of its leadership on the part of the Komsomol. It is necessary to continue to improve the content, forms and methods of working with children, to more fully take into account the psychological characteristics, age of schoolchildren, their needs and interests. The entire life of a pioneer organization should be aimed at developing children's initiative and initiative, involving every pioneer in its work. It is necessary to more widely involve young teachers, the best production workers, students, and high school students in the leadership of pioneer detachments and squads. Strengthen the attention of Komsomol and Pioneer organizations to work with October students, help them in their studies and in organizing recreation.”

The decade between two big holidays, big milestones in pioneer history - the half-century anniversary and the sixtieth anniversary of her birth - was marked by new all-Union October events: the tradition of October-pioneer “friendship marches” was strengthened, the All-Union October Week became traditional, the All-Union Game entered the life of October groups "Octobers - in the land of October."

Chapter II

Structures and tasks of the October

movement - as part of the general structure of education of Soviet society

The tasks are to raise patriots of the Pioneer-October forms of work of children's groups.

The Octobrists represent the “junior branch” of the children's communist movement. They are not a special organization. Any public organization is an association of people pursuing a specific social goal, self-governing, acting on the basis of rules accepted by all members of the organization, and having a clear structure of construction.

The goal that the October students set for themselves was to grow up worthy of the title of pioneer, young Leninist. They also had rules by which they acted, first of all, the Rules of the Octobers, there were also October customs, rituals, traditions (for example, the tradition of becoming Octobermen on the eve of the October holiday; the custom of gathering for their October gatherings; the ritual of the October line). These customs, rituals, and traditions also represented unique rules that organized their lives.

But the Octoberists, unlike the pioneers, do not have the third and fourth necessary conditions - a system of self-government and an organizational structure that unites them into one whole.

True, at their gatherings, the October students tried to make collective decisions, make plans, evaluate what they had done - they learned to lead themselves, to manage their own affairs. But they did not have self-government bodies similar to the detachment council or the squad council. Only the stars chose their commanders.

In the organizational Regulations on the children's communist organization of young pioneers named after V.I. Lenin, approved in 1924 by the Central Committee of the RCP (b), it was said:

1. A group of October soldiers is being created under the detachment...
2. The group consists of 25 people
3. The group is divided into five links of five people (later the links began to be called asterisks.)
4. The leader of the October group is a Komsomol member who is an assistant to the leader of the detachment.
5. At the head of the unit is a pioneer, and an October child is chosen to help him.

What should a counselor for an October star be like? The October leader, in full accordance with the pioneer law, is first and foremost their comrade. This determines the style of his relationships with younger people.

The group consists of stars, but the groups are not further united into larger units, like, say, pioneer detachments into a pioneer squad. Pioneer squads then form a regional pioneer organization, and district ones form a city one. All city and district organizations unite into the district, regional, regional, regional and regional organizations make up the republican one, and together they merge into a single and harmonious All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V.I. Lenin.

The word organization, By the way, it comes from the Latin “organizo”, which means “I give a harmonious appearance, I arrange.”

The October group is the largest association of Octoberists.

Groups of Octobrists do not arise on their own. They are created by pioneer squads and detachments. Groups of Octobrists do not exist on their own - they live and operate under pioneer detachments, and if there are less than twenty pioneers and there are no detachments, then a group, or several such groups, act directly under the squad.

October is not an organization. But the October groups are not themselves. They are with the organization of pioneers, with pioneer squads and detachments.

Pioneer squads and detachments create October groups in the first through third grades, each group is attached to a pioneer detachment.

The squad council creates a headquarters or council for working with the Octobrists.

The pioneer detachment is a collective leader of the October students. The detachment allocates counselors for October stars, but each pioneer of the detachment participates in working with the October stars, striving for the kids to be interested and have fun. Involves them in pioneer activities, helps to fulfill the Rules of the Octobrists. Every Leninist works with the Octoberists during their stay in the pioneer organization.

Each pioneer is tied to constant care for the Octobrists by his pioneer law: “A pioneer is a comrade and leader of the Octobrists.”

The Regulations about the Pioneer organization say the following about the Octobrists themselves:

The October group is divided into stars. Each star has five or six Octobers.

On the left side of the chest, the guys wear an October star.

The October group has a red flag.

The life, affairs, and behavior of an Octobrist are built in accordance with

October Rules:

Octobers are future pioneers.

October students are diligent guys, they love school and respect their elders.

Only those who love work are called Octobers.

Octobers are truthful and courageous, dexterous and skillful.

The Octobers are friendly guys, they read and draw, play and sing, and live happily.

So, we see that the October groups are closely connected with pioneer detachments and squads, Komsomol organizations, making up three successive life stages of the ideological, civic, labor and moral formation of the country’s young generation. On the other hand, this close connection characterizes one of the most important parameters of systematic education.

The 19th Congress of the Komsomol, held in May 1982, named this in its resolution, among the many most important tasks that Komsomol members are called upon to solve: “Pay more attention to the Octoberists.”

In the report of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V.I. Lenin to the 19th Congress of the Komsomol, young Leninists wrote: “Octobers are the pioneer change of the country. We are fulfilling the most important assignment of the Komsomol - to be the collective leaders of 13 million Octobrists.”

The All-Union Leninist Pioneers confidently entered their seventh decade. In the new program of the All-Union March of Young Leninists, the routes and all areas of activity of pioneer detachments and squads are imbued with concern for our younger October friends.

The above convinces us that, while not being an independent children's public organization, the October groups were nevertheless social groups of younger friends and assistants of pioneers and Komsomol members, whose lives and deeds helped the Octoberists in accepting the position of a pioneer - a young Leninist, and then a Komsomol member -Leninist. Komsomol members and pioneers had a constant organizing and educational influence on the Octobrists and their teams.

The Oktyabryat group was the first group in a child’s life with a social orientation of life - at the same time, it is an educational group. Being part of the educational activities of the Komsomol and Pioneer organizations at the school, work with the Octobrists was an organic part of the entire educational work of the school.

Chapter III

Educational tasks

October movement

To prepare October students to join the pioneer organization - this was the main educational task in the context of the general tasks of communist education.

And this meant that the group of Octobrists, step by step, learned to act like a pioneer detachment, that is, to independently make plans and collectively implement them, evaluate the results of what they had done, in order to act tomorrow more confidently than yesterday, and most importantly - to act for the benefit of everyone, for for life to become better.

The main task consists of many educational tasks. What are these tasks?

1. Expand and deepen the socio-political ideas of the Octoberists, introduce them to the concepts:Motherland, party, communism.
2. To develop in children the desire to actively and independently act as part of a star, a group, to be responsible for a common cause, to encourage them to ensure that their word does not diverge from their deeds, to teach them to obey the will of the team, to fairly evaluate their behavior and the behavior of their comrades, to defend those who are right , defend your opinion.
3. Persistently bring the October students to the understanding that study is their main work and responsibility, that the October students study conscientiously, that they know how and love to work for the common good, that the October students respect their elders, take care of the kids, and help everyone who needs help.
4. Encourage them to follow the rules of the Octobrists, maintain their friendship, develop the desire to be honest, modest, attentive to others, persistent and courageous, resilient and strong.
5. Arouse their interest in reading, teach them to see the beauty of their native land, man and his work, feel the poetry of folk tales and songs, love and understand art.

The upbringing of younger schoolchildren took place continuously - in learning, work, social concerns of children, in their games and all kinds of activities. The October affairs constituted a very significant part of their lives, but still they were only a part of the whole.

The life of the October group and all its stars is part of the entire education system, but at the same time completely special. This is the life of a social collective, which in a socialist society had such integral features as self-government, the election of all its bodies, and the subordination of all to the collective decision of the majority. The Octoberists are small, they were just beginning to learn this, they were beginning to comprehend the foundations on which Soviet, socialist social life is based.

October students, preparing to become pioneers, must learn to act - decide, organize, evaluate, submitting to the will of the collective, and not just the will of the teacher.

Chapter IV

Educational systems

working with the Octoberists in the Soviet Union

Work with the October students was a holistic educational system, where all elements are connected and interdependent, acting in unity.

What are these elements? First of all, these are goals (general and specific), the main tasks of education, content, methods and forms of work with October students, the organizational structure of the October group, pedagogical management of its activities, as well as criteria for assessing the effectiveness of education.

All elements were subordinated to the implementation of the general goal of communist education - ideological and moral education and all-round development of the individual. As part of the general goal, a private one was also achieved - to prepare the Octobrists to join the pioneer organization, to live according to the laws of young Leninists.

The main methods of working with the Octobrists played the main role in this system.

October instructions.The first innovation that awaits the Octobrists after their first gathering is the Octobrist assignments.

Having become October kids, the first-graders felt older. And they wanted to really show it, to prove to themselves and everyone around them that they were ready for the most serious responsibility.

The October instructions are both business and responsibility. The assignment to the October boy proved that they trusted him and relied on him. It really made every child feel that something had changed in his life.

Assignments educate. They cultivate will, perseverance, independence, organization, and the ability to bring any task to the end. The assignment, if given to children taking into account their character, helped develop the children's inclinations and interests and get rid of weaknesses and shortcomings.

The order was given for a short period of time - from two weeks to a month. Changes of commanders in the asterisk occurred at least once every quarter. During the year, it is useful for all October students to experience the role of commanders.

On the day of change of orders, change of commanders, the asterisk was collected. The guys told how they coped with the assignments, and everyone discussed what was good in their work, what didn’t work out and why, what conclusions everyone should draw for the future.

Such a conversation is very important - it taught the children to independently, collectively and fairly evaluate their work and the work of their comrades, accumulate useful skills and experience.

What instructions and specific responsibilities existed for the stars?

Book lovers maintained contact with the library, ensured that books read were returned on time; designed the “Book Lover’s Corner”: checked readers’ diaries; organized exhibitions of the best readers' diaries; talked about interesting books; The teacher helped during extracurricular reading lessons.

Orderlies monitored the appearance of the children; checked change of shoes, cleanliness of hands before eating; looked after order in the dining room and cleared away the dishes after breakfast; provided possible medical assistance; made sure that school supplies had a neat appearance; monitored the timely submission of certificates to the school doctor after illness; monitored the children's compliance with the daily routine.

Why talked about something interesting from the life around us; published thematic newspapers; asked riddles; from the second half of the year we worked with the Lenin Sparks newspaper, followed current events in the country and abroad, and supplemented the teacher’s story about them.

Hosts of the class were on duty in the classroom, monitoring the cleanliness of desks, window sills, boards, and floors; congratulated comrades on their birthday; published newspapers; prepared the class for a labor and drawing lesson; tested notebooks were distributed.

Naturalists talked about interesting natural phenomena, filled out a cool nature observation calendar; checked the completion of individual observation diaries; took care of plants in the classroom and in the hallway; Helped the teacher prepare for a science lesson.

Changes of assignments took place after two weeks, the commander of the star was chosen for the same period. The results were not summed up at the general meeting of the October group. The result was noted on the competition screen.

It is important here that every October child lives and is raised in a system of mutual care for each other and care for others.

October line.The October stars marched to their line, and the commanders carried emblems on their poles in front. The “Suns” have this smiling, radiant sun, the “Sailors” have the helm. What is the logo of “Cheapless”? They have a snub-nosed, freckled face and a smile from ear to ear.

Everyone on the line stood so that they could see each other's faces. Everyone stood closely, shoulder to shoulder, and from time to time they held hands, in order to specifically emphasize that they were really friendly guys - Octobers.

On the line, the guys said chants and short reports about affairs were also spoken in the form of chants. The leader of the line conducts it in a laconic and major tone, so that everyone is interested and happy. The ruler helped the Octobrists to quickly get together, check their readiness for gathering, work, competition, make a common decision, praise those who deserved praise, discuss an event that worries everyone today.

October collection.The October group usually met once a month. Different fees have different purposes. It lasted no more than forty minutes, the collection of kids, but nevertheless consists of a number of different elements.

An element of the gathering was a conversation between the group leader, the teacher, and an older friend of the October students.

The guys listened to the counselor and unanimously, in chorus, like a chant, repeated after him: “There are exactly five of our rules, we will follow all of them.”

Another element of the gathering was the star competition. Short-term competition in some common work or game strengthens the feeling of belonging to one’s small team, a sense of community, and cooperation skills.

And it is clear that part of the same gathering should be the friendly work of all the stars to achieve the common goal of the entire group, because rivalry must necessarily be covered by the community.

Business advice led, gave tasks, monitored their implementation, praised, advised, taught. The Council organized the matter, set deadlines, negotiated, provided. The council maintained interest in the matter: reminded, encouraged, encouraged, rejoiced at every success.

The Octobrists, perhaps, did not cope very well with all these complex responsibilities. But they must study! And initiative, and creativity, and independence, and the skills of social organizers.

Conclusion

The Octoberists were taking only the very first steps in understanding social life, but they already realized that their star, their group, was connected by many threads with other groups of the October movement - those that were nearby, across the classroom wall, and those that were very far away, beyond many hundreds and thousands of kilometers. United by friendship, connected by friendly correspondence.

The consciousness of connection and community strengthened the large - district and regional, republican and all-Union - affairs of the Octoberists, their games and travels.

The alliance of the pioneers with their younger friends was strong and strong. It was noticeable not only in the squad - it manifested itself in the affairs of pioneers throughout the country. Of course, the Octobrists knew about them, and they themselves actively participated in the All-Union Octobrist Games.

The October people of the country and their common history - seven decades of existence of October groups and stars - were united into one common family.

Based on this information, we can come to the following conclusions:

1. The youth of modern society are not aware of the organizational movements of the Soviet school of the 60-90s.

IV List of references

and sources.

1. A.V. Lunacharsky about upbringing and education. – M. 1976
2. XIX Congress of the Komsomol. Verbatim report. – M. 1982
3. V.M. Korotov. Educational work at school. Collection of documents. – M. 1977
4. All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V.I. Lenin: Documents and materials. – M. 1974
5. CPSU in resolutions and decisions of congresses, conferences and plenums of the Central Committee. – 8th ed. – M. 1978
6. Directives and documents on issues of the pioneer movement. M. 1962

Annex 1.

Sociological survey

2.participants of the sociological survey – 100 people

3. social survey groups 20

4. Questions used in the sociological survey:

1. Do you know that in Soviet society the October movement was the first stage in the ideological education of youth?
2. Were you or someone you know an Octoberist?
3. Do you know the October rules and attributes?
4. Do you think that the introduction of elementary school students to the public life of Soviet society had a positive result?
5. Do you think it is necessary to revive the model of the October movement in modern elementary schools?

Social groups	Positive answer to question No. 1	Positive answer to question No. 2	Positive answer to question No. 3	Positive answer to question No. 4	Positive answer to question No. 5
Pensioners
Employees
Industrial workers
Entrepreneurs market implementers
The youth

5. Results of the sociological survey:

6. Conclusions of the sociological survey

1. The generation of retirees and middle-aged people believe that the organizational movement in elementary schools introduces students to independence and organization.
2. The October movement was an important step in the ideological education of society.
3. The youth of modern society are not aware of the organizational movements of the Soviet school of the 60-90s.
4. More than half of those surveyed believe that the revival of the organizational movement in modern schools, including elementary schools, will help educate young people to be purposeful, independent and organized.

Appendix 2.

The structure of the October movement.

Appendix No. 3

October attributes.

Oktyabryatskaya star

October flag

Oktyabryatskaya group