FSB Academy: faculties, specialties, exams. Academy of the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation. KGB Higher School What was the sign of a graduate of the KGB Higher School
Defense of the state has always been an honorable activity. The people directly implementing it enjoyed great honor and authority in society. In addition, the constant wars that were fought throughout human history significantly enriched members of the military class. In some countries, the military was considered the highest caste with the most rights. A great example is the Japanese samurai. However, on the territory of our fatherland, warriors and their achievements have also been glorified at all times. It should be noted that the training system for such people is of great importance. After all, the need for professional military personnel will never go away. The system of training soldiers itself requires a special approach, since their skill consists not only of physical strength, but also of certain psychological qualities. In this case, it is worth noting the specifics of training the elite of all armed and security forces, that is, intelligence and state security. The latter structure performs extremely important functional tasks in the modern world. Therefore, the training of its representatives must be carried out at the highest level. In the Russian Federation today there is a Federal Security Service. This department is responsible for ensuring the security of our country. Specialists for its ranks are trained at a special FSB Academy.
What's happened
As mentioned earlier, in any state, security forces play an important role. The Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation belongs to such formations. The number of the department is currently classified. The main task is to provide for the Russian Federation.
It should be noted that the FSB, according to existing legislation, is the body that is authorized to carry out operational investigative activities. The department is replenished through recruitment for military and civil service. According to the regulations governing the work of the FSB, its activities are carried out in the following areas, namely:
Counterintelligence;
Fight against terrorism;
Intelligence activities;
Border activities;
Information Security;
Fighting especially dangerous crime.
The main department is the security of the Russian Federation.
General information about the higher education institution
The Academy of the Russian Federation is a military institution that trains officers for the FSB. In addition, this institution also trains personnel for other intelligence agencies, as well as special services of friendly states. That is, we are talking about a complex military institution with a fairly broad training base.
The Academy was created in 1992 by a special presidential decree. The basis for the formation of this institution was the KGB Higher School named after Felix Edmundovich Dzerzhinsky.
History of the academy's creation
The FSB Academy, whose faculties are presented in the article, begins its history with the courses of the All-Russian Emergency Commission, formed in 1921. The courses trained operational personnel for the Cheka. It is worth noting that a significant contribution to the training was made by teachers who had quite a lot of operational experience gained in carrying out special operations “Trust” and “Syndicate”. In 1934, fundamental changes took place in the structure of the state's law enforcement agencies.
The People's Commissariat of Internal Affairs is created. This leads to the creation of the Central School of the Main Directorate of State Security within the structure of the Soviet NKVD. During the Second World War, the educational institution graduated several thousand workers who managed to organize a fairly effective fight against the Nazis. The next reform of the school took place in 1952. On its basis, the Higher School of the USSR Ministry of State Security was formed. In 1962, this educational institution was named after Felix Edmundovich Dzerzhinsky.
Academy structure
The FSB Academy, the faculties of which are presented in the article, trains personnel in many specialties that are in demand today in law enforcement and military departments. The structure of a higher institution contains three main segments within which training is carried out.
1) The Institute for Training Operational Staff provides qualified training of personnel in a number of main areas of activity of the FSB. Within this division of the academy there are investigative and counterintelligence departments. In both cases, graduates of the institution receive a diploma in the specialty “Legal Support of National Security”. The first trains employees of the FSB investigative units, and the second trains operational workers. At the same time, the counterintelligence faculty trains employees in two specific areas: operational activities with knowledge of foreign languages and knowledge of modern information technologies.
2) The second division of the academy is the Institute of Cryptography, Communications and Informatics. Its graduates today are rightfully considered the best specialists in the field of information security. At the end of the training, employees are given the qualification “information security specialist.”
3) The Faculty of Foreign Languages is the youngest department of the university. It was created in 1990. The faculty trains professional translators for the FSB.
Features of admission - first stages
There are many features of the recruitment process that the FSB Academy is famous for. Faculties and specialties of different directions are replenished with personnel on absolutely equal terms. The first stage of selection is a medical examination. To enter the academy you must be in good health. It will be checked throughout the entire period of study at the institution.
The second stage is the polygraph. Many applicants mistakenly consider such a test to be something easy. However, the polygraph tests a person’s honesty, respect for military service, his amenability to control, etc. Therefore, the test must be approached as seriously as possible.
Special exams and physical fitness assessment
If the applicant does not have any comments regarding his mental and physiological level, then he is allowed to take the internal exams. Physical fitness is tested in three tests: pull-ups, 100-meter run and 3000-meter run.
Additional tests are exams in individual disciplines. To enter a particular faculty, knowledge in various subjects is tested. For example, the investigative unit conducts additional exams in social studies and the Russian language, and the Institute of Cryptography conducts additional exams in physics and mathematics. Before entering, it’s a good idea to take advantage of special preparatory courses that improve the level of applicants.
Learning process
The FSB Academy, the faculties of which are presented in the article, prepares. The learning process is quite complex and specific. Students actively study law, mathematics and foreign languages. Much attention is paid to physical training, as it is one of the major subjects. Most items are classified. Some subjects are taught in such a way that even pens, let alone notes, cannot be taken out of the classrooms.
Daily life of students
The fact that studying at the FSB Academy can greatly unite people is not an exaggeration. Throughout all years of service, students at this institution are in almost constant contact with each other. But these are not all the features of preparation. For example, it is not advisable for students to distribute information about their studies on social networks. Talking to friends about it is also prohibited.
It should be noted that a large proportion of all students are girls. They, equally with representatives of the stronger sex, can declare that they were forged as professionals by the famous FSB Academy. “Faculties for girls” is a common misconception. There are simply no such units. Girls enter along with boys into those faculties that are provided for by the structure of the higher educational institution.
Academy management
For many years, the academy was headed by representatives of senior officers. Today the head is Viktor Vasilievich Ostroukhov. He holds the rank of Colonel General. At one time, Viktor Vasilyevich Ostroukhov graduated from the Higher Red Banner School of the KGB. In addition to military activities, he also conducts scientific activities and is a doctor of legal sciences.
So, we looked at what the FSB Academy is. Faculties, exams and specifics of training were presented in the article. In conclusion, it is worth noting that working in state security agencies is not suitable for everyone. But if you have firmly decided to become an employee of this department, then you need to discard any doubts and stubbornly pursue your goal.
Becoming an NKVD employee in Soviet times was not so easy. This required long-term and special training in special schools. The author of the site, Nikolai Bolshakov, talks about how the training process for future security officers used to take place.
One of the most famous educational institutions that trained young people for the People's Commissar of Internal Affairs was the NKVD special purpose school or, as agents called it among themselves, school No. 101. It was created in 1938, training took a year. The real “heavyweights” of the NKVD taught here: Vorontsov, Askerold, who soon became a victim of purges and repressions, the USSR Ambassador to Britain Maisky and many other intelligence veterans. These people told students about international relations, economic geography, gave general education in the form of literature and the Russian language, and also paid attention to special disciplines necessary for any NKVD employee.
Later, during World War II, the institution was renamed the Intelligence School of the 1st Directorate of the People's Commissariat of State Security of the USSR. The duration of training increased by one more year, and officer Vyacheslav Gridnev became one of the main curators, and therefore it was not for nothing that school No. 101 was called “Gridnev’s village.” This institution was also dubbed the “forest school” because it was located in the forests of the Moscow region from prying eyes. By the way, the so-called “branches” of the school were scattered around the outskirts of Moscow - there are buildings in the Pushkino and Barvikha areas.
The intelligence institute of the KGB of the USSR grew out of the secret school of the NKVD No. 101
One of the main buildings of the NKVD special purpose school
Then the NKVD special purpose school grew into the Red Banner Foreign Intelligence Academy. And this academy was once graduated by the current President Vladimir Putin, Duma Chairman Sergei Naryshkin and many other representatives of the Russian government elite. Soon, school No. 101 became a KGB institute (the same as the Red Banner Foreign Intelligence Academy) in 1968 - a real higher education institution where you had to study for three years. Now the most qualified officers for state security agencies were trained there. Students studied intelligence art, information work, regional studies, political science, the basics of diplomacy and foreign languages. And in winter and summer, practical games were organized for future “chekists” against the seventh department of the KGB.
Up to 300 people could be enrolled in the first year. In March 1984, this institute was named after Secretary General Yuri Andropov. The main complex was located near Mytishchi in the Khlebnikovsky forest park. Of course, the USSR KGB Institute had other facilities in the Moscow region, but, of course, few people knew about them.
Putin graduated from the Red Banner Foreign Intelligence Academy
Vyacheslav Gridnev, a KGB major general, was one of the most influential and respected teachers for intelligence officers
However, before the institute of the KGB of the USSR, there was also a central school of the OGPU. On April 21, 1921, the Cheka ordered that training courses for reserve and operational personnel be opened in Russia. Within a few months, the first classes began in the center of Moscow on Pokrovka Street. In 1922, the classes were transformed into Higher Courses, and in May 1930, on their basis, the Central School of the OGPU appeared, which was faithfully subordinate to the NKVD.
The training was conducted in ten streams and took no more than six months; there were about five hundred regular students. The school was headed by Nikanor Davydov and Leonid Bashtakov, high-ranking officials and commissars of the NKVD. Teachers who served the state security agencies began classes only with lectures, because full-fledged teaching aids had not yet been published. However, by 1937 such interesting textbooks as “The Fight against German Intelligence”, “Accounting, Registration and Control”, “External Surveillance”, “Overseas Intelligence”, “Radio Intelligence” and many others were ready.
The cadets helped the Red Army forces in the defense of Moscow, as well as in organizing partisan warfare behind the lines of the German invaders during the Great Patriotic War. Their services were highly appreciated: on August 30, 1945, the Presidium of the USSR Armed Forces awarded the school the Red Banner. In total, the OGPU school graduated about five thousand people. Several decades later, it was transformed into the Academy of the FSB of Russia.
The OGPU Central School graduated more than 5 thousand employees
Students of the OGPU Central School in class
The Higher Border School of the OGPU also deserves special attention. Classes began there on January 1, 1924. The school was also located on Pokrov in house No. 27. The curriculum included border affairs, the history of the Cheka and customs, general disciplines in the form of military topography, small arms, ballistics, physical and equestrian training, as well as political economy along with the study of foreign languages. In addition to knowledge, the listeners also received quite satisfying provisions.
This school trained future border agents whose duty was to protect the borders. The lectures were given by experienced security officers, and they were often attended not only by cadets, but also by government and party leaders. Thus, many were interested in listening to comrade and professor Opansky, who taught the course “Borderline Affairs and Chekist Methods.” The school had a strictly established daily routine: rise at eight o'clock, continuous classes until four o'clock, lunch, laboratory and independent work, and official lights out at midnight.
Story
Graduates of the school in the 1960s-80s took part in countering foreign intelligence services and conducting operational combat activities. The title of Hero of the Soviet Union for completing special tasks was received by V. Beluzhenko, G. Zaitsev, V. Karpukhin, B. Sokolov.
Structure
As the deputy head of the academy, Major General Sergei Kolobashkin, noted in 2001, 40 academicians and corresponding members of various academies of sciences, more than 100 doctors and 400 candidates of sciences are engaged in scientific and teaching work at the academy. According to him, “over five years of study, students, in addition to fundamental counterintelligence knowledge, receive a full-fledged legal education, in-depth language and military training.”
The system of additional professional education at the academy includes advanced training and retraining of existing employees, as well as special training of people with higher education selected for service in the FSB. The system of additional education operates at all faculties, but the main one is the Faculty of Management Personnel Training (FPRK).
The structure of the Academy includes (ICSI), which trains specialists in the field of transmission, protection and processing of information. In 1949, by a resolution of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks, the Higher School of Cryptographers was created, and a closed department was created at the Faculty of Mechanics and Mathematics of Moscow State University by a resolution of the Council of Ministers of the USSR. Later, on the basis of their association, the technical department of the Higher School of the KGB of the USSR was created. Since 1992, the Technical Faculty of the Graduate School has been transformed into the Institute of Cryptography, Communications and Informatics (ICSI). The main areas of training are: cryptography, applied mathematics, computer science and computing, electronic engineering, radio engineering and communications.
Women can study at the Academy only in the faculty of translators, but for a short period since 1994, girls also studied in the investigative faculty.
Chiefs
- 1970-1974 - Nikitchenko Vitaly Fedotovich
- since 2000 - Vlasov Valentin Aleksandrovich
Notes
see also
Links
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See what “VSh KGB” is in other dictionaries:
KGB- red, blue, white sequence of colors of the Russian flag from bottom to top of the Russian Federation Source: Stavropolskaya Pravda. 08/22/2002 (http://www.stapravda.ru/2002/08/22/2002 08 22 02.shtml) KGB club of chief financial accountants. Source:… …
Genre political detective Creator Chagall, Yosef Starring Ekaterina Volkova Ville Haapasalo Oleg Fomin Mikhail Efremov Mikhail Gorevoy ... Wikipedia
KGB-- large-sized battery in the marking of pyrotechnics in the marking, technical. KGB Source: http://allp.ru/catalog/super/s49/?id=111 KGB Example of using KGB 2 ... Dictionary of abbreviations and abbreviations
- (State Security Committee) (KGB (Committee for State Security)) Created in 1953, responsible for external affairs. intelligence, counterintelligence and anti-internal affairs. crimes against the state. The most famous KGB chairman is Yuri Andropov... ... Political science. Dictionary.
KGB- (KGB) (abbreviation: State Security Committee). Created in 1953, responsible for external intelligence, counterintelligence and the fight against internal affairs. crimes against the state. The most famous KGB chairman is Yuri Andropov (1967 82), who later became... ... The World History
KGB USSR- KGB KGB USSR State Security Committee under the Council of Ministers of the USSR from March 13, 1954 to December 1991 earlier: Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR MGB of the USSR after: MSB USSR State, USSR KGB Dictionaries: Dictionary of abbreviations and abbreviations of the army and special services. Comp. A. A. Shchelokov... ... Dictionary of abbreviations and abbreviations
Chekushka, check, office Dictionary of Russian synonyms. kgb noun, number of synonyms: 10 gebnya (6) ... Synonym dictionary
KGB of the RSFSR- KGB KGB RSFSR State Security Committee of the RSFSR from May 6, 1991 to November 1991 earlier: MSB USSR after: AFB RSFSR ... Dictionary of abbreviations and abbreviations
Neskl. m.; = Kagebe State Security Committee. Ephraim's explanatory dictionary. T. F. Efremova. 2000... Modern explanatory dictionary of the Russian language by Efremova
KGB: State Security Committee, a government agency in the USSR, the post-Soviet space and Bulgaria. The Office of the State Bank (K.G.B.) existed in Russia until 1917. Galactic Commission... ... Wikipedia
Adj., number of synonyms: 1 KGB (4) ASIS Dictionary of Synonyms. V.N. Trishin. 2013… Synonym dictionary
Books
- KGB. History of foreign policy operations from Lenin to Gorbachev, Christopher Andrew, Oleg Gordievsky, This book is rightfully considered the best study on Soviet foreign intelligence - largely thanks to the unique information of Oleg Gordievsky, a KGB officer who fled to the West at one time.… Category:
By Resolution of the Council of Ministers of the USSR No. 652-266 of July 2, 1962, the school was named after F.E. Dzerzhinsky. In 1967, the school was awarded the Order of the Red Banner, and on May 22, 1980, the Order of the October Revolution.
Address - Leningradsky Prospekt, 3. Duration of training - 3 years, variable staff - 600 people. (class of 1954 - 189 people). By order of the Council of Ministers of the USSR dated May 17, 1955, a 4-year training period was introduced, and in the 80s it was increased to 5 years.
Chiefs:
1. BORISOGLEBSKY Evgeniy Ivanovich (March - October 1954), major general;
2. (October 28, 1954 - February 27, 1962), colonel, from January 14, 1956 - major general;
3. (February 1962 - December 1965), lieutenant general;
4. (1965 - 1970), major general of tank forces, since 1966 - lieutenant general;
5. (July 1970 - July 1974), Colonel General;
6. ROZANOV Ivan Sergeevich (1974 - January 1979), major general, lieutenant general;
7. (January 1979 - January 1987), lieutenant general;
8. POSTNIKOV Leonid Andreevich (January 1987 - October 1991), lieutenant general;
Deputy Chiefs:
(1968 - 1970)
MICHULIS Edmund Frantsevich (198... - 1991), major general;
Deputy chiefs - chiefs:
(since 1989)
1. POGORELOV Boris Alexandrovich (1989 - 1991), major general;
Deputy heads for science:
ROZANOV Ivan Sergeevich (late 1960s - 1974), major general;
IPPOLITOV Ksenophon Khristoforovich (1988 - 1991), colonel;
Deputy Heads for Logistics:
(... - December 1956), colonel;
Faculties:
In 1960, the following were created: the Faculty of Foreign Languages - on the basis of the KGB Institute of Foreign Languages, (technical) - on the basis of the Higher School of the 8th Main Directorate and - on the basis of the KGB Military Institute.
In 1962, the Faculty of Military Counterintelligence was created, the military faculty was transformed into a border department.
On September 24, 1965, the border faculty was removed from the school, on the basis of which the Higher Border Command Courses were created.
In 1969, an investigator training department was created at the High School.
On July 12, 1971, the 6th Faculty was created (training of certified specialists and advanced training of operational and management personnel of security agencies of friendly countries)
On September 3, 1971, retraining and advanced training courses for management and operational personnel of operational and technical units were created.
On September 1, 1974, the 3rd Faculty was created (training counterintelligence operatives who speak Eastern languages)
On June 11, 1979, the 5th Faculty was created (advanced training for management personnel and KGB specialists)
In 1979, the investigator training department at the Higher School of Art and Science was transformed into an investigative faculty.
On September 1, 1980, the 9th Faculty was created (training operational personnel who speak foreign languages of the countries of the Middle East and Africa)
In total, by 1991, the Higher School of Art and Science included the following faculties:
Investigation Faculty (possibly 7th)
(training of military counterintelligence officers)
2nd Faculty (training counterintelligence operatives who speak Western and Eastern languages)
3rd Faculty (training counterintelligence operatives who speak oriental languages)
(technical)
5th Faculty (advanced training for management staff and KGB specialists)
6th Faculty (training of certified specialists and advanced training of operational and management personnel of security agencies of friendly countries)
8th Faculty (distance learning)
9th Faculty (training operational personnel who speak foreign languages of the Middle East and Africa: Fula, Hausa and Swahili)
Retraining and advanced training courses for management and operational staff of operational and technical units
Oleg Matveev (CSO employee of the FSB of Russia), Yuri Zaitsev (host of Radio Russia)
April 26, 2006 - marks the 85th anniversary of the Academy of the Federal Security Service of Russia. Until recently, little was known about this unique educational institution in the country.
The glasnost that came to our country lifted the veil of secrecy both over the very fact of the existence of the KGB Higher School named after F.E. Dzerzhinsky, and over its history....
Before giving the floor to a story about the Higher School of the KGB of the USSR named after F.E. Dzerzhinsky during the time of Yuri Vladimirovich Andropov, we will briefly talk about the previous milestones in the history of this KGB university.
The issue of creating special training courses for security officers was considered by the Board of the Cheka on April 5, 1918. The proposal of the Board of the Cheka was supported by the Central Committee of the RCP(b).
Newspaper "Izvestia of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee" July 7, 1918 wrote that “at present, as it turned out at the All-Russian Conference of the Cheka, in many places there is an acute shortage of knowledgeable, trained workers in the fight against counter-revolution and profiteering. Based on this, the Cheka is organizing instructor courses that will soon begin to function.” . And on August 13, she informed readers that from August 8, at the premises of the Cheka - B. Lubyanka, Varsonofyevsky lane, 7, from 11 to 14 o'clock, registration for courses is being carried out for both persons with recommendations of the RCP (b) and representatives provincial and district Chekas.
In September, the opening of three-week courses with a number of students of 100-120 people took place. The course program included studying the history of the labor movement, international significance
The October Revolution, the rights and duties of the Cheka commissars, the conduct of inquiries, forms and methods of combating counter-revolution, profiteering and crimes in office - these were seen as the main threats to the security of the new state of workers and peasants. The courses were taught by members of the Collegium and senior officials of the Cheka I.K. Ksenofontov, D.G. Evseev, I.N. Polukarov, G.S. Moroz, V.V. Fomin and others.
On August 11 of the following year, two-, since January 1921, three-month courses for the training of investigators, intelligence officers and commissioners of emergency commissions began to operate. These courses were located in an old estate of the 18th century. on Pokrovka, 27.
In 1922 they were transformed into the Higher Courses of the GPU, which became the predecessor of both the network of courses and schools of the GPU and the future Higher School of the KGB named after F.E. Dzerzhinsky (since July 15, 1952 - Higher School of the Ministry of State Security of the USSR).
One of the first manuals for counterintelligence officers, “Red Counterintelligence,” was prepared by S.S. Turlo in 1920. In 1924, with the help of I.P. Zaldat, he prepared a new book, “Espionage,” which for many years became, in fact, one of the best textbooks on counterintelligence.
In the 1920s, the first textbooks on special disciplines for the Cheka-OGPU courses also appeared: “Brief information from human intelligence” (1919), “The outline of human intelligence” (1921). In 1925 The manual “Techniques of the Counterintelligence Service” appeared, three years later - “Economic Counter-Revolution”, “Essays on the History of Punitive Agencies”, “The ABCs of Counterintelligence”, “Brief Essays on Anti-Soviet Political Parties” and other educational publications.
The book by K.K. Zvonarev “Undercover Intelligence” was also actively used in the educational process.
These works comprehended and analyzed the experience of both Soviet intelligence and counterintelligence, as well as the security agencies of the Russian Empire.
In February-May 1928 A course of lectures on counterintelligence at the Higher Courses was given by A.Kh. Artuzov, a member of the OGPU Board, one of the recognized authorities and aces of Soviet counterintelligence.
September 8, 1930 The Central School was formed, the teaching in which was conducted by the leading employees of the OGPU - V.A. Styrne, N.G. Nikolaev-Zhurid, B.I. Gudz. The course on the history of the Cheka was taught by Ya.S. Agranov. In March 1939 The central school was renamed the Higher School of the NKVD of the USSR.
By February 1941, at the time of the division of the single Union-Republican NKVD into the People's Commissariat of State Security (NKGB) and the NKVD, 30% of the heads of the republican People's Commissariats, as well as the regional and regional departments of the NKVD were graduates of the Higher School....
HIGH SCHOOL OF THE KGB UNDER THE USSR CM UNDER ANDROPOV
On July 7, 1971, for the first time passing through the checkpoint of a closed facility near Moscow, I joined the number of applicants for the 2nd (counterintelligence) faculty of the Higher Red Banner School of the KGB of the USSR named after F.E. Dzerzhinsky.
Much later we learned that earlier this was the famous “school No. 101”, where Soviet intelligence officers were trained, and even earlier - a base for the formation and training of operational security detachments that were thrown behind German troops during the Great Patriotic War.
Later, a training base for KGB special forces was created here - the Operational Improvement Courses (CUOS), which trained employees for the legendary units "Alpha" and "Vympel".
The main building of the School was located on Leningradsky Prospekt 3, where the Academy of Border Troops is now located. And during the Great Patriotic War, special detachments were also trained here for operations behind enemy lines along the front line of the 4th Directorate of the NKVD of the USSR from among the fighters of the OMSBON (Separate Motorized Rifle Brigade for Special Purposes, stationed nearby at the Dynamo stadium). In particular, the future heroes of the Soviet Union V.A. Lyagin (head of the illegal NKVD station in Nikolaev), V.A. Molodtsov (head of the Fort task force in occupied Odessa), commander of the Mitya and Pobediteli special forces studied here. D.N.Medvedev, legendary intelligence officer N.I.Kuznetsov.
And only 6 graduates of the Central School of the NKVD, as it was then called, from the pre-war years were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union during the war. A number of graduates and employees of the KGB Higher School - G.I. Boyarinov, E.G. Kozlov, V.S. Beluzhenko and others - were awarded this high title already in the 80s of the last century.
Already on June 26, 1941, 140 students of the main department of the High School were seconded to a special detachment under the Special Group of the NKVD, which later became OMSBON. It was also commanded by V.B. Gridnev, a graduate of the Higher School of the NKVD.
On the same day, another 85 students were sent to serve in the NKGB in Moscow and the Moscow region, in the NKGB in the Leningrad region, in the NKGB of the Moldavian and Ukrainian SSR, and in other territorial bodies of the People's Commissariat.
On June 29, 40 students and a group of teachers from the Higher School were sent to military counterintelligence agencies in the Active Army.
In September, another 328 students of special courses for military counterintelligence officers were placed at the disposal of the 3rd Directorate of the NKVD.
After a short evacuation, on January 20, 1942, the training of operational personnel was resumed in a three-month course in the building on Leningradsky Prospekt. In March, the number of students was increased from 500 to 800 people, and the total number of students in operational security schools at that time was 3,600 people.
In total, in 1941-1945, 7,135 employees of the NKVD-NKGB of the USSR were trained and retrained within the school’s walls.
For services in the training of security personnel during the Great Patriotic War, on August 30, 1945, the Higher School of the NKVD was awarded the Red Banner and Certificate by Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR.
As a matter of fact, the Higher School itself, as a special higher educational institution with a three-year period of training for students according to the program of law universities in the country, was formed in accordance with the resolution of the Council of Ministers of the USSR of July 15, 1952, and in April 1954 the first 189 graduates received diplomas from the new university, and 37 of them graduated with honors.
But in general, the Higher School has its pedigree - since August 1992. - Academy of the Federal Security Service of Russia, - leads from three-month training courses for Cheka officers, which began their work on April 26, 1921.
In 1954, the number of variable staff (students) of the Higher School was established at 600 staff units. Applicants who had at least three years of experience in state security agencies and met the requirements for admission to universities in the country were sent to study.
In November of the same year, to train scientific and pedagogical personnel for the bodies and educational institutions of the KGB, a graduate school was created at the Higher School, which over more than fifty years of its existence has trained hundreds of highly qualified lawyers and specialists in other specialties (physical, mathematical and technical sciences, psychology and others ). The functioning of graduate school, as I learned later, led to the emergence of entire scientific schools not only in the field of special disciplines, but also in legal sciences, which became widely known since the late 80s, when the faculty of the Higher School became more actively involved in scientific exchange with colleagues from “civilian” universities and research institutions of the USSR.
Initially, the KGB Higher School had 12 departments - three each in social and humanitarian cycles (philosophy, political economy, history of the CPSU (B), legal and special disciplines, as well as departments of foreign languages, military and physical training.
By 1960, the Higher School of the KGB of the USSR had become a large multidisciplinary special educational institution. In addition, the KGB system had 4 Higher Border Schools (in Moscow, Babushkino, Golitsino, Tashkent and Alma-Ata).
On August 2, 1962, the Higher School of the KGB of the USSR was named after F.E. Dzerzhinsky. Graduates of “our” faculty received the specialty of lawyer with knowledge of a foreign language.
In 1971, for the penultimate time, the counterintelligence faculty, along with military personnel and applicants who had already served in the army, also accepted high school graduates. But the competition for us, yesterday’s tenth graders, was separate and amounted to 19 passing points out of 20.
It should be said that at that time there was a generally quite restrained, if not negative, attitude towards the KGB “dynasty”, although it existed de facto. It seems to me, however, that there is more positive than negative in this phenomenon. Because, in general, this continuity and family tradition has contributed and continues to contribute to a more conscious and purposeful choice of profession, helps in the formation and education of future counterintelligence officers of professionally significant personality traits.
The high school provided an excellent education. As they will say today - “four in one”: special, legal, language, secondary military. But the basis and core of training was precisely legal and special disciplines.
Special disciplines represented what is now called operational investigative activities and are regulated by open rules of law, in particular by the federal laws of the Russian Federation.
Among the legal disciplines, special attention was understandably given to criminal law and procedure, as well as administrative and international law.
The main thing that the teachers taught us was strict adherence to the rules of law, strict adherence to the rule of law. Considerable attention was also paid to prevention and prevention, that is, to preventing the realization of criminal intentions.
There was a whole arsenal of means to prevent criminal acts - I especially emphasize, precisely within the legal framework, but I will not dwell on them for obvious reasons.
In the cycle of humanitarian disciplines, a significant place was occupied by issues of both the modern international situation and politics, and the history of domestic security agencies, however, starting from December 1917.
Of course, we were also told about the unjustified repressions of the 30s - 50s, although at that time we, like the teachers themselves, did not know and could not know their true scale. Although today, based on archival documents that have long been published, and, in particular, materials of the Commission of the Politburo of the CPSU Central Committee for additional study of materials related to the repressions that took place during the period of the 30s - 40s and early 50s (they published in the journal "Izvestia of the Central Committee of the CPSU" and in other publications), it can be argued that these repressions were on a much smaller scale than some of our fellow citizens believe.
Of course, as a lawyer and citizen, I cannot help but feel a sense of shame and deep regret about these facts, but this is, in fact, the truth about the history of our Motherland.
I draw special attention to all these circumstances due to the fact that special emphasis in the process of training students at the KGB Higher School was placed precisely on strict compliance with the rules of law, which have already been changed, on preventing violations of the law and exceeding official authority.
Of course, a considerable share of time was taken up by students studying foreign languages, both European and Eastern, and since 1979. - and African (in total, 34 foreign languages were taught at the Higher School). Moreover, the level of language training was so high that many graduates subsequently became not only translators, but also their teachers. Including such complex languages as Arabic, Japanese, Chinese, Urdu, Pashto, Swahili and the like.
I will not hide that at that time the need to study military disciplines was questionable, although this was later useful to many of my classmates - after all, they had the opportunity to visit more than a dozen “hot” spots both abroad and in our country.
And now I am deeply convinced that military training is necessary for security officers, employees of security agencies, and not only military counterintelligence, although we are given examples of supposedly “demilitarized” foreign intelligence services.
Although, of course, the requirements of military regulations and discipline created some inconveniences during the training period. Not to mention carrying out duties - both internal service at the Higher School and operational ones - after all, the entire personnel of the Higher Command Staff was the permanent operational reserve of the KGB chairman.
The years of studying at the Higher School absorbed a lot. First of all, one cannot help but say something about the course staff, its powerful educational and moral potential, which combined youthful enthusiasm and romance with a certain life experience of “old-timers” who served in the army. One cannot help but remember our course chief, “dad,” then still a major, Leonid Kuzmich Tyurikov, whose assistant was A.M. Yatsenko. These were demanding, but at the same time responsive, friendly, understanding leaders, who, in my opinion, brilliantly illustrate the concept of “fathers-commanders”.
A means of education, comradely influence, in addition to the “triangle” - the group commander, Komsomol organizer and party organizer, group “Combat leaflets”, was also coursework, faculty and school-wide wall printing.
Each monthly issue of the school-wide "Chekist" was an event that was awaited. In addition to poems, photographs, chronicles of the social life of the School, there were interesting articles based on original materials from the countries of the language being studied. Two of them were especially memorable - about the then very famous adventurer writer Eric von Däniken, the author of a number of speculative books and films ("Memories of the Future", "Back to the Stars", etc.), and about "left-wing" youth extremism in Peru.
The committees of the Komsomol faculties and the School were behind the organization of the wall seal. The latter included many officers - lieutenants and senior lieutenants - from the military counterintelligence department. The informal, friendly communication with them of yesterday's schoolchildren also gave the latter many useful life lessons.
And, above all, responsibility for oneself, one’s actions, the assigned work, the absence of which, as we know, is often the fault of young men who have not yet realized the importance of personal exactingness and responsibility to the team, their own conscience and business.
Among the members of the School's Komsomol committee, Andrei Kozlov, who later became the editor-in-chief of the Border Guard magazine, was especially memorable. Even then (in 1973-1975) he wrote and published his stories; several programs from the series “Good night, kids!”, popular among children, were staged based on his scripts. Therefore, I was glad when in 1982. he became a laureate of a competition for young writers.
I think that his stories, including those about the activities of military counterintelligence of the Separate Corps of the Red Army in Lithuania in 1938-1941, could restore a lot in the true history of those days and years.
This is the poet, member of the Union of Writers of Russia D.B. Okunev, teacher of one of the special disciplines, veteran of the High School V.D. Babakaev, better known for his works B.P. Kurashvili, after leaving the Higher School he worked for more than thirty years as a researcher at the Institute of State and Law and became a world-famous scientist, unfortunately , who passed away in April 1999.
The Komsomol committees, in addition to “assisting the leadership in the education of personnel,” which was one of their main official functions, dealt with many other issues: organizing leisure time for students, organizing and leading the “Dzerzhinets” construction teams, which not only provided a unique opportunity to get to know each other better and more closely with their country, but also to earn extra money during the “work semester”, by organizing patriotic education, and so on.
I will only mention the propaganda campaigns of February 1975 and 1976 to the border posts of the Baltic border district from Riga to Brest, which, by the way, were carried out under the auspices of the Komsomol Central Committee.
Digressing somewhat from the topic, let me express the opinion that civil society is and can only be formed through the efforts and conscious, purposeful activities of socially active citizens. And the rule of law is incompatible with indifference, formalism in the work of law enforcement officers, tolerance of injustice and violations of laws and norms of public life, civil and professional ethics.
Komsomol work was not only of a “formal bureaucratic nature” - there was too much genuine passion and desire for self-expression in it - and such a need probably comes to a person somewhere around the age of 20-23 - deep awareness of being right.
I think that today listeners and students lack such a public amateur organization that teaches them how to make decisions independently, and organize their implementation, and bear responsibility for their implementation.
We loved the young teacher, then captain, K.H. Ippolitov, V.M. Cleandrova, M.P. Tretyakov, V.N. Strunnikov. Personally, I was greatly impressed by G.A. Popov, with his erudition, knowledge of the subject, internal composure, and determination, with whom I was lucky enough to work in the future. It was Gennady Alekseevich who aroused my interest in learning the true history of the country and its security agencies.
The teacher of “special discipline No. 1” A.I. Kurchatov provided us with great help, which was only later realized. To tell the truth, at first we didn’t really like him for his pedantry, scrupulous demands in the preparation of educational documents, as it seemed to us, numerous repetitions - thus, he sought to consolidate in us the knowledge, skills and abilities necessary for work. When we gathered a few years after graduating from HSE, it turned out that many people retained in their memory gratitude and appreciation for him, who “gave exactly what was needed, what was especially important,” although his didactic techniques were not perceived as such at first.
And from those listening times, the well-known aphorism that one learns only from those who love what they do has been etched in my memory.
It seems to me that, unlike the current generation of listeners, we then had a cult of learning: the majority, including those who had families and young children, studied greedily, aggressively, persistently.
Perhaps this determined the completely natural result that many generals and heads of departments of state security agencies graduated from just one course. These are, in particular, Colonel General A.G. Bezverkhny, Lieutenant General S.M. Minakov, Major General I.V. Ermakov, head of the FSB Directorate for the Tver Region.
Many of them went first to Afghanistan, and then to dozens of other “hot spots” on the territory of our country.
I can’t help but remember my “classmate” Valera Kurilov, an exceptionally gifted person who wrote poetry in both Russian and English, played the guitar, sang beautifully and drew. Only much later did I learn that Valera was among those who took the Taj Beg Palace in Kabul on December 27, 1979...
He spoke truthfully about this in his book “Operation Storm-333” (M., 1999), many pages of which are dedicated to the teachers of the Higher School and the years of study there, my classmates and colleagues who, without sparing their lives, carried out their official and military duty. From this book I learned that our physical education teacher Alexander Ivanovich Dolmatov was the deputy commander of the KGB Zenit special squad, headed by a former teacher of the Higher School, Hero of the Soviet Union Grigory Ivanovich Boyarinov. (Colonel G.I. Boyarinov, head of the KGB KUOS died in storming of the Taj Beg Palace on December 27, 1979 (the title of Hero of the Soviet Union was awarded to him posthumously).
In his book, Valery expressed the hope that it might become a help not only for those studying Afghanistan, but also for other students at KGB universities. His hopes were justified - teachers strongly recommend this book for students to read as an additional teaching aid. And there really is a lot to learn from it.
The thirst for knowledge was also expressed in the passion for research work - the scientific research work of students. It seems necessary to mention that back in 1855, the Nikolaev Military Academy of the General Staff introduced the so-called “annual essays” on the disciplines being studied in order to determine the suitability of students for independent work, which were a kind of qualifying final work “for the full course of study.” This approach was in demand in the 50s of the 20th century in military educational and special educational institutions of the USSR.
The Komsomol Committee of the Higher School also paid some attention to the development of research work. In 1973, with his participation, the school-wide Listening Scientific Society (SSS) was formed, which worked quite actively in those years.
In general, the Higher School of Computer Science in the 70s provided students with a lot of opportunities for development, intellectual and spiritual growth:
Foreign languages (including studying them in additional, elective courses for those interested);
A good library with many periodicals, including those in foreign languages studied, and opportunities for interlibrary exchange.
At the same time, it seems to me, there were also shortcomings.
Among them, I would name, first of all, the absence of a special course “Introduction to the Specialty” (it was introduced into the Higher School of Computer Science in the mid-80s as a tribute to the dictates of the time and the requirements of the Ministry of Higher Education, but, unfortunately, in the 90s it “dropped out” again "from the training schedule).
It seems to me that the course “Hygiene of Mental Work” is also very important, although it could be somewhat expanded by raising the question of preserving the health of students during the training period as a whole.
We also did not have a course “Fundamentals of Scientific Research,” although, in general, it is, in my opinion, the best means of developing a creative, out-of-the-box thinking personality.
Such a course, as another kind of “tribute to fashion,” was introduced at the Higher School in the mid-80s, but, unfortunately, it again fell outside the schedule of classes at the Academy.
Today, the Academy still remains the main educational institution for training personnel for the FSB of Russia.
