Paragraph 11: the ancient world, the birth of the first civilizations. "The Ancient World - the Birth of the First Civilizations" lesson plan on the surrounding world (4th grade) on the topic. Reviewing what was learned in the previous lesson

Kokoreva Tatyana Ivanovna
Job title: primary school teacher
Educational institution: MBOU "Secondary School No. 1"
Locality: Kasimov city, Ryazan region
Name of material: lesson plan on the world around us in 4th grade
Subject:“The ancient world is the birth of the first civilizations. Main events of the Ancient world. The birth of the Olympic Games."
Publication date: 14.12.2018
Chapter: elementary education

Public lesson

around the world

in 4th grade

Subject: " The ancient world – the birth of the first civilizations. Basic

events of the Ancient world. The birth of the Olympic Games."

Lesson objectives:

1. Mastery of the picture of the world: teach to distinguish the era of the Ancient One from other eras

world, teach to find phenomena, discoveries and achievements in modern life,

preserved from the times of the ancient world.

2. Understanding the connection between ancient and modern Olympic Games

3. Formation of patriotic feelings: love for the Motherland, pride in our

champions, the desire to be like them.

1. Communication:

working with various types of information

2. Cognitive:

establishing cause-and-effect relationships

choosing the most effective ways to solve a problem

subsequent reflection of the chosen methods

3. Regulatory:

predicting the topic of the lesson

lesson goal setting

volitional self-regulation during independent work

awareness of the quality and level of learning material

Lesson form: binary lesson.

Teachers: Kokoreva T.I. – primary school teacher, Shestakova V. E. –

a history teacher.

Lesson summary

1.Repetition of what was learned in the previous lesson.

Teacher: - Last lesson, we began to study the topic “The Ancient World - the Birth

first civilizations."

Let's remember the basic concepts.

1) Name the time period of the era of the Ancient World. (3rd millennium BC – 5th century

new era)

2) What does the term “civilization” mean? (A higher stage of development of society.)

3) Name the signs of civilization (A state emerges with a government, laws,

army. People live in cities. Writing appeared.)

2. Announcing the topic of the lesson

- Modern people know not only the achievements of the civilizations of the Ancient world, but also

remember the events of those distant times. Today we will talk about bright events

The ancient world, which continues in our time.

3. Statement of the problem.

Games. There is probably no person on earth who would be indifferent to the Olympic Games.

games. Story

Olympic

amazing

attract the attention of poets, writers and scientists. The Olympic Games are precisely the arena

where a person once again confirms that there are no limits to human capabilities.

It is no coincidence that the Olympic motto is “Faster, higher, stronger!” "(poster)

And the main symbol of the Olympics is the Olympic white flag with five rings.

Each ring has a different color and represents a continent. (poster with rings on magnetic

How many of you can name the meaning of the color of the Olympic rings?

Blue - Europe, black - Africa, red - America, yellow - Asia, green -

Australia. Five intertwined rings are a symbol of the holiday of peace and friendship.

Why do you think athletes' competitions are called Olympic

games? Who invented the Olympics? Where and how Were the first Olympic Games held?

4. Finding a solution to the problem (discovery of new knowledge)

History of Olympic Games. – Shestakova V.E.

Vera Evgenievna: Guys, let's now go back to those ancient times, where

it all started.

In the southern part of Greece in the Peloponnese is the city of Olympia - the place where the

first Olympic Games.

The gods of the ancient Greeks lived on the sacred Mount Olympus. They were organized in their honor

Olympic Games

Hundreds of participants and thousands of spectators from all cities of Greece gathered in Olympia.

The first Olympic Games took place in 776 BC(write in notebook).

From this date the Greeks calculated their chronology. But what caused them?

appearance?

One legend attributes the honor of founding the games to Zeus himself. Elis was ruled by cruel

God Kronos. Out of fear of dying at the hands of one of his children, he swallowed

newborn babies. Goddess Rhea, having given birth to another son, gave his father wrapped in

in diapers a stone, which he swallowed without noticing the substitution, and the newborn Zeus

entrusted to the shepherds. The boy grew up, entered into a mortal battle with Kronos and won

his. In honor of this event, Zeus founded sports competitions.

In the year of the Olympic Games, heralds spread the good news throughout the cities of Hellas: “Everything is in

Olympia! Sacred peace has been declared, the roads are safe! May the best win."

What new can we learn from this call?

All Greek cities took part in the Olympics.

During the Olympics, wars stopped. On pain of damnation and

Due to the disfavor of the gods, no one could appear in Olympia with weapons. Even robbers and

pirates did not attack travelers.

The games were fair

competitions

free

women

It was forbidden to be present even as spectators.

Married women were not allowed to attend the Games on pain of death. Only once this

the rule was broken. Who could take such a risk?

They said that one brave Greek woman, wearing men's clothing, secretly entered

Olympia to watch his son perform. When the young man won, his mother

she rushed to him in delight, and everyone realized that she was a woman...

Teacher: What do you think happened to this woman? (The unfortunate woman should have

executed, but out of respect for her son, the winner, was pardoned.)

Almost a year before the start of the Olympic Games, all participants were required to begin

training

tirelessly

athletes were practicing. And exactly a month before the opening of the games they were supposed to arrive in South

Greece and near Olympia to continue preparations. Game participants usually

wealthy people became wealthy, but the poor could not train for many months. In

During the Olympic Games, warriors were banned and a truce was declared.

And now it’s time to find out how the Olympic Games were held and what their

program.

Five unforgettable days.

The Olympic Games took place in the summer and lasted five days.

Five unforgettable days of the Olympics:

First day. The athletes made sacrifices to the gods and swore an oath to fight honestly. Judges

swore to make fair decisions.

Competition oath

I, Corebus, son of Pares, an Athenian, confirm before Zeus that I have trained as

This is required by the ancient traditions of the great holiday. I solemnly swear that

To achieve victory, I will not use unworthy techniques in competition.

Judges' oath

We, the judges, promise on oath that we will make our decisions honestly and incorruptibly.

Let us look at photographs of archaeological finds. These are ancient vases

Greeks, there are drawings on the vases. Your task is to find out what types of sports

were in ancient Greece.

Judging by the drawings on the vases, the athletes were engaged in running, wrestling, and discus throwing.

On the second day Competitions were held in the boys' group.

Third, fourth day were devoted to competitions. One of the main competitions

The Olympic Games were pentathlon.

Pentathlon is a competition of one person in five sports.

The pentathlon begins with running.

The next type of competition was the long jump. To increase length

During the jump, athletes used dumbbells made of stone or metal weighing up to 2 kg. ,

20 cm long. At the moment of the jump, the arms with dumbbells were thrown out in front.

Discus and javelin throwing competitions were held on the running track.

The last competition in the pentathlon was wrestling, where strength and agility were demonstrated.

wrestlers. It was carried out on the sand. Before the start, the athletes rubbed their bodies with olive oil.

oil to make it more difficult for the enemy to grab it. To win it was necessary

so that the opponent touches the ground three times with his shoulder, hip or back.

All types of competitions took place at the stadium, but one type of competition, the most

exciting, took place at the hippodrome (place for competitions) is

chariot races. At great speed, chariots drawn by fours

horses rushed around the hippodrome arena. Twelve times it was necessary to rush across

circle, overtaking rivals.

In the fifth final day in front of the Temple of Zeus a table made of gold and ivory was placed

bones. There were awards on it.

Reward

winners

Winners

approached the chief judge and received well-deserved awards. The herald announced the name

the athlete and called his hometown, and the spectators enthusiastically shouted: “Glory to the winner!”

Competitions

were ending

were returning

winners.

The Olympic Games took place 293 times in Ancient Greece.

Today you learned a lot about the Olympic Games. Let's check how

well you remember everything.

Vera Evgenievna asks the children questions orally. Children raise torches if approval

Z assignment:“True or false?” What errors are contained in some sentences?

1. The Greeks dedicated the Olympic Games to the god Zeus. (Yes)

2. The first Olympic Games took place in 750 BC. (No)

3. With the onset of winter, the Olympic Games began at the foot of Mount Olympus. (No)

4. The Olympic Games were held over 4 days. (No)

5.Only men could participate in the games. (Yes)

6. The Olympic Games were held at Mount Olympia. (Yes)

7. The winner of the Olympic Games was awarded an olive wreath intertwined with a white ribbon.

8. Military actions were allowed during the Olympic Games. No

But in 394, when Greece was under the rule of Rome, the Roman emperor

Theodosius I banned the Olympic Games as pagan. A few years later he

ordered

the buildings

fully

destroyed

once a thriving city.

When were the Olympic Games revived again?

5. Modern Olympic Games.

Presentation “Olympic Symbols” with commentary.

The revival of the Olympic movement is associated with the name of Baron Pierre de Coubertin -

French historian, writer, teacher and social and political figure. IN

In 1894, the International Sports Congress, at his proposal, decided to

creation of the International Olympic Committee and holding in 1896 I

Olympic Games following the example of the ancient ones. In 1913, Olympic symbols appeared in

in the form of 5 intertwined rings and a sacred fire, which is traditionally lit in Greece.

Olympics in Moscow. (briefly)

In 1980, when our country was called the USSR, 22 summer

Olympic Games

Athletes from many countries of the world came to us and played

medals in 21 sports. The symbol of the Olympics was a bear.

B) Olympics in Sochi.

In February 2014, the 22nd Winter Olympic Games were held in Sochi, Russia. All

Russia was rooting for our Olympians and was proud of them. We started the morning with hot

dialogues about the previous day of the Olympics, and after school they ran home to the screens

TVs to see and learn about new victories of our champions. They were bright and

happy days for both children and adults! Sochi Olympics for preparation and

organization surpassed all previous Olympics. This is the great merit of our

President V.V. Putin. Here's how I responded about it Denis Matsuev, pianist, folk

Russian artist: “The impressions are phenomenal. I've been to 6 Olympics, I have a lot to offer

compare. This has never happened anywhere: neither such sports tracks, nor such volunteers, nor

unique sports facilities, no attitude towards competition participants, no

atmosphere in stadiums. All the days we were beside ourselves with happiness.”

And here is how Olympic champion in cross-country skiing Alexander Legkov responds: “When I

flew to Sochi, just opened my mouth in surprise - how is it possible to build such

wonderful stadiums! The organization was at such a high level that it’s true

I believed that this was not a dream. I have been to other Olympics, compared to Sochi -

kindergarten

Our athletes won the Olympics with an absolute record: 33

medals, including 13 gold, 11 silver, 9 bronze.

Pay attention to the table “26 Russian Olympic champions

Sochi 2014".

C) Projects studying the Russian champions of Sochi 2014.

On the display board - exhibition of student projects about Russian medalists

Sochi Olympics.

You have prepared projects about the Russian medalists of this Olympics. Which one are you talking about?

want to tell? (2-3 students go to the board and talk about their champion,

photos are shown).

D) Viewing a presentation about the Russian champions of Sochi

Olympics.

6. Lesson summary

How did the Olympic Games of the Ancient World influence the modern Olympic Games?

- What do the ancient and modern Olympic Games have in common?

1. The purpose of the Olympics: to measure strength in sports competitions.

2.peaceful character

3. lighting of the Olympic flame,

4. symbols,

6. oath of game participants

7. judges’ oath of impartial judging,

8.time interval between the Olympics (4 years).

9. Awarding the winners

26 RUSSIANS - OLYMPIC CHAMPIONS SOCHI-2014

Gold

Athlete

Kind of sport

Viktor An

short track

Alexey VOEVODA

bobsled

Tatiana VOLOSOZHAR

figure skating

Alexander ZUBKOV

bobsled

Maxim TRANKOV

figure skating

VIC WILDE

snowboard

Ekaterina BOBROVA

figure skating

Alexey VOLKOV

biathlon

Vladimir GRIGORIEV

short track

Semyon Elistratov

short track

Ruslan ZAKHAROV

short track

Elena ILINYKH

figure skating

Nikita KATSALAPOV

figure skating

Fedor KLIMOV

figure skating

Alexander LEGKOV

skis

Yulia LIPNITSKAYA

figure skating

Dmitry MALYSHKO

biathlon

Alexey NEGODAILO

bobsled

Evgeniy Plushchenko

figure skating

Dmitry SOLOVIEV

figure skating

Adeline Sotnikova

figure skating

Ksenia STOLBOVA

figure skating

Alexander TRETYAKOV

skeleton

Dmitry TRUNENKOV

bobsled

Evgeniy USTYUGOV

biathlon

Anton Shipulin

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Slide captions:

The ancient world - the birth of the first civilizations

In the modern world, do we use a calendar, hourglass, numbers, alphabet? Which of the above do you think are ancient objects? “What achievements of the Ancient World do we still use today?” What is the Ancient World? Could a clock, calendar, letters, numbers appear in a primitive society?

What objects could have appeared in the era of the Ancient World? What knowledge do we lack? We know We don’t know What are the purposes of a clock, calendar, letters, numbers? How does the era of the Ancient World differ from the era of the Primitive World? The Ancient World - the second era of world history What objects could have appeared in the era of the Ancient World?

Civilization is a new, higher stage of human development, different countries with their own special culture. The main signs of civilization: State (king, taxes, army) Cities Writing

Ancient Rome Ancient Greece Ancient Egypt Mesopotamia Ancient China Ancient India

Ancient Rome Ancient Rome is located on the Apennine Peninsula. The capital is the city of Rome, founded in 753 BC. on the banks of the Tiber River by the twins Romulus and Remus, sons of the Vestal Virgin Rhea Silvia and the god of war Mars. The city was founded on the top of the Capitoline Hill, where administrative buildings subsequently appeared: the Senate, the Tribune. The Romans were brilliant builders and architects. Rome was built according to an ideal layout. Open squares alternated with straight avenues and streets that intersected at right angles; the squares were decorated with statues. There are many interesting events in the history of Rome: the life of Gaius Julius Caesar, the uprising of Spartacus, the Punic Wars

Ancient Rome They invented the water mill, Tironian marks (in the modern sense - shorthand), concrete; and the Romans’ habit of salting greens led to the formation of the word “salad.” Multi-story houses. Multi-storey buildings appeared in Rome not at all because of a good life. The problem of overpopulation was already familiar in those distant times. The only way out of the situation was high-rise buildings that were rented out. The poor lived under the very roof. They had to climb right up to the roof using an external staircase that started right on the street. These apartments were so low and cramped that it was only possible to walk through the rooms while bending over.

Ancient Rome Sewerage. The impurities were constantly washed away through an inclined pipe with water from a nearby thermal source. This was the first full-fledged sewer system, also known as the “Cloaca,” the diameter of the main tunnels of which reached 7 meters. Double-glazed windows. Of course, glass was not invented by the ancient Romans. But it was they who brought window craft to perfection. The world's first regular window design measuring 1 x 1.7 m was located under the vault of the changing room of the baths in Pompeii and consisted of a bronze frame with frosted glass. At the same time, the inhabitants of Ancient Rome realized that the main part of the warm air escapes through the window, and if you place two glasses, one behind the other with a distance of five centimeters, then the house becomes much warmer.

Ancient Rome Triumphal arches are also a Roman architectural innovation, possibly borrowed from the Etruscans. Arches were built for various reasons - both in honor of victories and as a sign of the consecration of new cities. However, their primary meaning is associated with triumph - a solemn procession in honor of victory over the enemy. Passing through the arch, the emperor returned to his hometown in a new capacity. The arch was the border between one's own and another's.

Egypt is an ancient state that existed in the Lower Nile Valley. The territory of Egypt was a narrow ribbon of fertile soil stretching along the banks of the Nile. On both sides the valley was bordered by mountain ranges. At first the country was divided into Upper and Lower Egypt. The ancient Egyptians grew barley, wheat, grapes, figs and dates, and raised large and small livestock. In 3 thousand BC. The royal power was significantly strengthened and strengthened. This was reflected in the most famous monuments of Ancient Egypt - the pyramids. Ancient Egypt

Ancient Egypt 1. Ancient Egypt made a huge contribution to world culture. The Egyptians found a more suitable material for writing than clay - papyrus. This is a reed that grows in abundance along the banks of the Nile River. They wrote with drawing-like signs called hieroglyphs. The Egyptians called them “divine speech.” They attached important religious and magical significance to the letters. 2. The Egyptians built their homes from clay, silt and straw. Later they learned to make bricks from clay, bake them in the sun and build houses from them.

Ancient Egypt 3. The Egyptians grew wheat, barley, and flax, from which they wove linen and sewed clothes. Cattle were raised. The Egyptians hunted on land from chariots and on water from boats. They hunted hippos with harpoons and ropes. 4. The tallest and oldest is the Pyramid of Cheops. It reaches 146 meters in height. This is the only wonder of the world that has survived to this day. It was built over 20 years. 100 thousand people worked on its construction and six and a half million tons of stones were used.

Ancient Egypt 5. There were medical schools in Egypt. Ancient Egyptian doctors had a good understanding of how the human body works. Belief in the afterlife led the Egyptians to embalming (mummification) of the bodies of the dead. 6. The Egyptians wore light linen clothes that were not hot. Both men and women used cosmetics. Rich people wore wigs and jewelry made of gold and semi-precious stones.

BELIEFS IN ANCIENT EGYPT ACCORDING TO THE BELIEFS OF THE EGYPTIANS, MAN CONSISTED OF A BODY (CHET), A SHADOW (HAYBET), A NAME (RAN) AND AN INVISIBLE DOUBLE (KA). BELIEF IN AN AFTERLIFE WAS REFLECTED IN THE RELIGION OF THE EGYPTIANS. THE SUN GOD IS RA, THE BELOVED GOD IS OSIRIS. A COMPLEX EMBALMMING PROCEDURE WAS USED TO ENTER THE KA INTO THE MUMMY. THIS IS WHY PRESERVING THE BODY AS A MUMMY WAS SO IMPORTANT

Ancient China They made silk fabric (even books were made from this material, but they were very expensive). They invented a cheap material - paper. They invented the compass. They learned to grow tea. The single coin of China. The Great Wall of China.

Ancient Greece Ancient Greece was located in the south of the Balkan Peninsula and included the islands of the Aegean and Ionian seas. From 8th century BC The Greeks called themselves Hellenes. The population of Ancient Greece was engaged in agriculture, gardening (especially growing grapes and olives), and cattle breeding (preference was given to small livestock - goats). Crafts were also developed. In historical times, the territory of the Hellenes was divided into many small states. The largest policies were Sparta and Athens. The ancient Greeks believed in many gods: Zeus, Athena, Apollo, Neptune, Hera, Artemis, Hermes and others. Ancient Greece gave the world the Olympic Games.

Ancient Greece 1. Sparta, even in peacetime, was like a military camp. The sons of Spartan citizens entered schools at the age of 7, where they underwent severe training. To teach boys to endure the hardships of military service without complaint, they were brutally flogged in churches once a year. At the same time, the boys should not even moan. The greatest attention was paid to the development of strength, endurance, courage, the ability to obey and command. Boys were also taught correct speech (it had to be clear and concise - concise), reading and writing, playing musical instruments, and choral singing. The girls were raised in the family, they were also necessarily developed physically. Young men at the age of 20 began military service, which lasted until the age of 60.

Ancient Greece 2. In another Greek state - Athens, named after the goddess Athena - the Goddess of war, wisdom, knowledge, arts, crafts, courage and courage were revered, but they attached great importance to the arts and sciences. The art of oratory - eloquence - was especially valued. It was specially taught to boys in gymnasiums.

Ancient Greece 3. Above all, the ancient Greeks valued scientific knowledge, which amazed even their descendants. One of the most famous Greeks, Archimedes, was a scientist, mathematician, mechanic, and the founder of theoretical mechanics and hydrostatics. He made many discoveries: the law of floating bodies, named after him, invented a screw for lifting water to land. Pythagoras was a mathematician, geometer, philosopher, religious and political figure. He is credited with studying the properties of integers, proving the Pythagorean theorem, and more. The writers Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides became famous for their plays. The historian Herodotus is called the “father” of history. Great philosophers were Socrates, Plato, Aristotle. The theater also came to us from Greece Archimedes Pythagoras

Ancient Greece 4. The art of mosaic was born in Ancient Greece, where images were made from multi-colored pebbles. In Ancient Greece, they painted ceramic vessels: amphorae (sharp-bottomed vessel), kylix (elegant bowl), kraters (large vessel). The subjects for painting were legends, myths, scenes from everyday life, and athletic competitions.

Ancient Greece Now the vases are giants, now the dwarfs are vases And each vase with a drawing has a story! A hero in a chariot flies to war. The Argonauts are sailing to a foreign country. Perseus kills the Gorgon Medusa. But Artemis, the goddess of the hunt, shoots at someone with a well-aimed bow. And this is Orpheus playing the lyre. And this is a sports trophy being awarded. The ancient Greeks plied the seas, They found time for sports, And they also invented the Olympic Games in ancient days! Ancient Greek theater in Pergamon..

In the city of Olympus, pan-Greek sports competitions - the Olympic Games - were held every 4 years. They celebrated in honor of the god Zeus. Competitions were held in running, wrestling, and chariot racing. The winner's head was crowned with a laurel wreath. During the Olympic Games all hostilities ceased. Artists and poets came here. The custom of reading literary works and reciting poetry was established here. During the Olympics, the Greek states announced the conclusion of important treaties and sealed them with oaths at the altars of the gods.

Mesopotamia The large cities of Mesopotamia were the centers of states that appeared more than 5 thousand years ago. During excavations in Mesopotamia, archaeologists found many clay tablets covered with wedge-shaped icons, which turned out to be the oldest writing system on Earth. It turns out that the Sumerians opened the era of written history and found a means of expressing speech in the form of symbols. The Sumerians used tablets made of soft clay as a writing material, on which they pressed icons - “wedges” with a special stick. Each icon represented a whole word. The tablets were fired for strength. Cuneiform used 700 characters, so few people knew it. The profession of a scribe was very respected.

Mesopotamia They established order in society and regulated relations between people. The laws are carved on a basalt slab found by archaeologists in 1901. contained 282 articles. In the laws you can find information about the purpose of their creation, about the peculiarities of the Babylonian economy, about the development of society, about slavery, trade, the army, and many others. The Sumerians invented the wheel, the plow, the irrigation system, the bow for hunting, they began to grow wheat, flax, peas, and grapes for the first time; thousands of years ago the Sumerians knew mathematics and astronomy. From the 10th century BC. they use iron extensively.

The development of ancient Indian architecture has some peculiarities. Monuments that existed before the 3rd century BC. e., have not survived to this day, since wood served as the building material. From the 3rd century BC. e. stone is used in construction. Large stupa No. 1, where the relics of Buddha are kept Cave temple in Ajanta (Gupta Empire) Ancient India

Ancient Indian art Buddha statue Ancient fresco from the Ajanta Temple (under the Guptas) Decimal digits Chess

Lesson summary: What is the era of the Ancient World? What civilized countries existed in the era of the Ancient World? What is the main difference between the era of the Ancient World and the era of the Primordial World?

Lesson summary: What surprised you during the lesson? What did you acquire, feel, think? Have you discovered something new for yourself? What was more successful? Why did we need this lesson? Rate your work in class: Green – I was active and happy with my work. Yellow - I tried, but I didn’t succeed. Red – I didn’t work well enough. Draw a circle of the selected color next to the topic of the lesson in the “Workbook”

Sections: Primary School

Class: 4

To explain the world along the lines" - to teach how to distinguish eras of world history from each other - using the example of the Ancient World. This skill can be developed through:
- chronological framework (3 thousand BC and 4th century AD);
- changes in the state of the art;
- structure of society.
Along the line of “defining your attitude to the world” - teach to explain the importance of the inventions of the Ancient World for modern civilization.

Equipment: hourglass, calendar with the names of the months, numbers, letters of the alphabet, textbook p. 53-56, workbook p. 36.38

During the classes

1. Class organization.

Teacher: Hello, guys, I’m glad to see you, as well as the guests who came to our lesson. Let's welcome them. Look at each other, smile. Sit down.

2. Report the topic of the lesson.

Teacher: Today I invite you to continue a fascinating journey through the pages of world history.

Tell me, where did we go in the last lesson?

Children : In the primitive world. (Slide 2)

Teacher: What interesting things did you learn about this era?

Open the textbook on p.46, look at the “River of Time”. In what era do you think we will make our journey today?

Children: In the era of the Ancient World.

Teacher: what era is this?

Children: Second.

Teacher: Who can determine the time period of the era of the Ancient World?

Children: XXX century. BC. - 4th century AD (writes on the board)

Teacher: We will travel to the second era of humanity. And the topic of the lesson is “The Ancient World - the Birth of the First Civilizations” (written on the board), (Slide 3)

Teacher: Our journey will be accompanied by the Muse of history - Clio. (Clio, a high school student, enters)

You are Clio, the Muse of history. You help remember that a person can achieve a lot, help you find your purpose. You clearly understand what you want and “infect” others with your confidence. A scroll of parchment and a tablet are your favorite attributes. With their help, you keep a chronicle of achievements and successes, and in moments of uncertainty, you remind us that everything will work out for us. So be our muse today!

I don't like verbiage
And I admit the work.
Here is everyone I always share with
Historians care.
If you are ready to name yourself,
And show your knowledge
I will definitely note this
And I will be obliged to give the order.

(for correct answers, Clio presents the children with orders in the form of the letter U)

3. Statement of the problem.

Teacher: Guys, look at the set of objects that I brought to class.

Do we use these items in the modern world?

Children: Yes, all the time.

Teacher: Do you think any of these objects are ancient or are they all modern?

Children: All ancient. All are modern. Some are ancient, some are modern.

Teacher: We got three versions. What is the question?

Children: Which one of us is right?

Teacher: Do you think the people of the Ancient world could have invented something?

Children: Yes, they could.

Teacher: Would you like to know what kind of inventions these were and whether they exist in the modern world?

Teacher: What is the main question in class today?

Children: What achievements of the Ancient World do we still use today? (written on the board)

4. Updating knowledge.

Teacher: What do we use the clock, calendar, letters, numbers for?

Teacher: Let's remember what the Ancient World is?

Children: The Second Epoch of World History.

Teacher: Could the calendar, letters, numbers appear in the primitive world?

Children: No, because... The alphabet is needed for writing, and primitive people did not know writing.

Teacher: What do we need to know to answer the main question of the lesson?

Children: Which of these objects could have appeared in the era of the Ancient World?

Teacher: What knowledge do we lack for this? Do we know anything about the era of the Ancient World?

Children: No.

Teacher: So we need to find out how the era of the Ancient World differs from the Primitive World?

Let's put our answers in the table "We know. We don't know" (Slide 4)

5. Finding a solution. Discovery of new knowledge.

Teacher: Let’s answer the first question. How does the era of the Ancient World differ from the era of the Primitive World?

Let's read the topic of the lesson again. What interesting thing did you notice in the title of the lesson topic? Do you understand all the words?

Can you define the word "civilization"?

It’s difficult, then let’s figure it out together.

Open the textbook on p.53. There is a drawing below. "The transition from primitive society to civilization."

Looking at this drawing diagram, try to compose a story according to this plan. (Slide 5)

1. Where did people of primitive society and civilization live?

2. Who controlled the people?

3. How were messages and knowledge transmitted?

(work in groups) Answers are listened to.

Teacher: Try to name the main features that distinguish civilizations from primitive society?

Children: Cities, states, and writing appear.

Teacher: What is the shape of the pink line?

Children: In the shape of a step.

Teacher: Try to give a definition, finish the phrase.

Civilization is:::::::a stage of human development. (Slide 6)

Let's check our assumption with the textbook. Read p.53, paragraph 2, out loud.

So what is civilization?

Children: A new, higher stage of human development. (Slide 7)

Teacher: So, in the era of the ancient world, cities, states, writing appeared (Slide 8,9). These are the main signs of civilization.

Teacher: Look at the map p. 54-55. (Slide 10)

What is indicated on the map by the wide pink line?

Children: The border of the civilized world.

Teacher: What is beyond this boundary?

Children: The world of primitive people.

Teacher: Which world was more extensive - the world of primitive tribes or the world of ancient civilizations?

Children: The world of primitive tribes is broader.

Teacher: What conclusion can we draw?

Children: Two worlds existed on the planet at the same time.

Teacher: write in the “We don’t know” column under the first question

Teacher: But the word "civilization" has another definition. Do you want to know which one?

Let's turn again to the map. pp. 54-55 (Slide 12)

Look at the symbols on the map. What is marked with different colors on the map?

Children: Ancient civilizations.

Teacher: What civilizations are located in Europe?

Children: Ancient Rome, Ancient Greece.

Teacher: Name the civilizations of the Ancient East?

Children: Ancient Egypt, Mesopotamia, Ancient China, Ancient India.

Teacher: Where exactly was each ancient civilization located? Pay attention to the banks of which rivers and seas?

Children: The civilizations of Ancient Europe were located along the shores of the Mediterranean Sea, and the civilizations of the Ancient East were located along the banks of large rivers: the Nile, Tigris, Euphrates, Indus, Yellow River and Yangtze.

Teacher: Now we will do the work in groups. Look at the illustrations that are placed around the map. You will need to write down on a piece of paper the name of the civilization and the architectural monument for which it became famous.

Who is faster?

Let's see who's ready?

Teacher: Are the architectural structures similar to each other? Why?

Children: No, everyone is different, because different countries, different cultures.

Teacher: - Compare the clothes of people of different Ancient civilizations. What can you say about clothes? (Slide 13,14)

Children: clothes are also different.

Teacher: Compare the writing. What conclusion can you draw? (Slide 15,16)

Children: Each country has its own written language.

Teacher: We compared with you architectural structures, clothing, and writing. So what conclusion can you come to?

Children: Each civilization had its own special culture.

Teacher: So what is civilization? Let's try to give a second definition to this concept. Finish the sentence.

Civilizations are different::::::::..with their own special::::::..(Slide 17)

Teacher: let’s check our assumption using the textbook p. 53, paragraph 3.

Were we right? (Yes) (Slide 18)

We write down the second definition in the “We don’t know” column.

Physical exercise.

Teacher: let's now play the game "Loto" (work in pairs)

In front of you is a sheet of paper divided into two columns. There is an envelope containing phrases from two definitions of the new concept "Civilization". Your task is to correctly arrange these definitions into the correct column. Let's get to work. Let's check (Slide 20)

Teacher: Which question in the “We don’t know” column have we not answered yet? (Slide 21)

Children: Which of the presented objects appeared in the era of the ancient world?

Teacher: We can find the answer on p. 56. Review the table. "Inventions of civilizations of the Ancient World"

What objects really came to us from the Ancient world? (the teacher adds:

Ancient Egypt. The Egyptians were the first to create a calendar in which a typical year consists of 365 days. .

Ancient Mesopotamia. Standing on top of the temples, people studied the starry sky, the movement of the Moon and the Sun. It was they who first divided the earth's day into 24 hours, an hour into 60 minutes, and a minute into 60 seconds. . This is how the time counting system we use today was created.

Ancient India. Scientists were the first to create signs to represent the numbers we use: 0,1,2:::9.

Ancient China. The masters of Ancient China became famous throughout the world for their light and elegant silk fabrics. For many centuries they kept the method of making them secret.

Ancient Greece - Hellas. In its coastal trading cities, an alphabet of vowels and consonants first appeared. Most modern alphabets are based on it.

Ancient Rome. The language of the Romans - Latin (Latin language) was known in all its possessions. We now use Latin words: church, university, empire, calendar, etc. In our calendars, the names of the months come from the names of Roman gods or emperors (March - the god Mars, July - Julius Caesar).

Teacher: But in the era of the ancient world, technology also developed. Pay attention to p.57.

Compare the technical capabilities of people in the ancient world and the primitive world. p50 and p. 57.

What can you say?

Children: In the ancient world, an iron ax, a wheel, and sailing and rowing ships appeared.

Teacher: What technical achievements of the ancient world helped people move long distances?

Children: Chariots, sailing and rowing ships.

Teacher: Sailing on sailing and rowing ships, one could make long voyages and not be afraid of overseas travel. Troops on war chariots could travel long distances and suddenly attack the enemy. If we compare the tools of labor, then in the ancient world an iron ax appears. It took a whole day to cut down a tree with a stone axe, but with an iron ax it could be done in a few minutes.

Thus, technological achievements in the ancient world rose to a higher level of development.

Teacher: Let's return to our table. (Slide 21)

Have we answered the second question?

Teacher: So, we write in question

Teacher: Let's read the main question of the lesson. Have we received a complete answer to this? Prove it.

Teacher: Modern people know not only the achievements of the civilizations of the Ancient World, but also remember the events of those distant times.

Let's read the article in the textbook on options. 1st century - p.56, 2nd paragraph, 2nd century - p.56, 3rd paragraph.

What events made Ancient Greece famous?

Children: Olympic Games. (Slide 23)

Teacher: Are we holding the Olympic Games? Who knows when the Winter Olympic Games will be held in Russia?

Children: In Sochi 2014 (Slide 24)

Teacher: What happened in Ancient Rome?

Children: Slave revolt led by Spartacus. (Slide 25)

Teacher: All of you have probably heard the name of the sports team “Spartak”? Now you know where this name came from. (Slide 26)

Let's return to the main question.

6. Application of knowledge.

Teacher: Let's do the work in the notebook p. 38 No. 2.

Complete the crossword yourself.

Let's check (Slide 27)

Next task No. 1 p.36.

Having completed this task, we can summarize our lesson.

7. Lesson summary.

Teacher: Did we find answers to the main question of the lesson?

What interesting things did you learn in the lesson?

Other children are awarded “Historical Expert” certificates.

“Human labor and talent, the passion and intelligence of hundreds of generations have come into our existence from the past. Take away from us what our ancestors did, and cities and factories will be wiped off the face of the earth, and darkness will fall on the earth.

The great quality of a progressive person is not to forget the past and to be grateful to those who went ahead."

8. Homework

Prepare reports about architectural monuments that interest you. Complete two tasks in your notebook to choose from.

Ancient Rome They invented the water mill, Tironian marks (in the modern sense - shorthand), concrete; and the Roman habit of salting greens led to the formation of the word salad. Multi-story houses. Multi-storey buildings appeared in Rome not at all because of a good life. The problem of overpopulation was already familiar in those distant times. The only way out of the situation was high-rise buildings that were rented out. The poor lived under the very roof. They had to climb right up to the roof using an external staircase that started right on the street. These apartments were so low and cramped that it was only possible to walk through the rooms while bending over.

Ancient Rome Sewerage. Sewage was constantly washed away through an inclined pipe with water from a nearby thermal source. This was the first full-fledged sewer system, also known as the Cloaca, the diameter of the main tunnels of which reached 7 meters. Double-glazed windows. Of course, glass was not invented by the ancient Romans. But it was they who brought window craft to perfection. The world's first regular window design measuring 1 x 1.7 m was located under the vault of the changing room of the baths in Pompeii and consisted of a bronze frame with frosted glass. At the same time, the inhabitants of Ancient Rome realized that the main part of the warm air escapes through the window, and if you place two glasses, one behind the other with a distance of five centimeters, then the house becomes much warmer.

Mesopotamia They established order in society and regulated relations between people. The laws carved on a basalt slab found by archaeologists in 1901 contained 282 articles. In the laws you can find information about the purpose of their creation, about the peculiarities of the Babylonian economy, about the development of society, about slavery, trade, the army, and many others. The Sumerians invented the wheel, the plow, the irrigation system, the bow for hunting, they began to grow wheat, flax, peas, and grapes for the first time; thousands of years ago the Sumerians knew mathematics and astronomy. From the 10th century BC. they use iron extensively.

Lesson summary: What surprised you during the lesson? What did you gain, feel, think? What new things have you discovered? What was more successful? Why did we need this lesson? Rate your work in class: Green – I was active and happy with my work. Yellow - I tried, but I didn’t succeed. Red – I didn’t work well enough. Draw a circle of the selected color next to the topic of the lesson in the “Workbook”

The material from the textbook “The World around us, “Man and Humanity”, grade 4” was used. Publishers M.: Balass, 2012. The world around us (“Man and humanity”). 4th grade. Methodological recommendations for teachers. – 2nd ed., - M.: Ballas, 2011 When preparing the presentation, materials from the sites were used: – pictures

How does the era of the Ancient World differ from the era of the Primitive World?

Read the topic of the lesson again.

Do you understand all the words?

What word do you not understand? (civilization)

To find out what civilization is, open the textbook on page 53. Read paragraph 2.

Civilization is the emergence of the first cities, settlements of artisans, traders and rulers, and the emergence of the state.

Below there is a drawing “The transition from primitive society to civilization.”

- Now you will work in pairs.

Looking at this diagram, try to write a story.

That is name the main features by which civilizations differ from primitive societies. (examination)

So, in the era of the Ancient World, cities, states, and writing appeared. These are the main signs of civilization.

Physical education minute

Let's look at the map p.55-54

What is indicated on the map by the wide pink line?

What is beyond this boundary?

Which world is more extensive - the world of primitive tribes or the world of ancient civilizations?

What is marked with different colors on the map?

What civilizations are located in Europe?

What are the civilizations of the Ancient East?

Where exactly was each ancient civilization located?

Row assignment:

1. look at the map and compare architectural monuments

2. look at the map and compare the writing of different countries (picture on the board)

3. look at the map and compare clothes from different countries (on the interactive board)

Draw a conclusion

Suggestive questions:

Are the architectural structures similar to each other?

Compare the clothes of people of different Ancient civilizations.

What can you say about the clothes?

Compare writing

- What can be concluded?

We compared with you architectural monuments, clothing, and writing. And what conclusion did you come to?

Let's try to give a second definition to the word “civilization”.

Let's check p.53 (3rd paragraph)

Now let's find out what objects really came to us from the Ancient World?

- Ancient Egypt -The Egyptians were the first to create a calendar in which a normal year consists of 365 days.

Ancient Mesopotamia.Standing on top of the temples, people studied the starry sky, the movement of the Moon and the Sun. It was they who first divided the day into 24 hours, an hour into 60 minutes, and a minute into 60 seconds. This is how the time counting system we now use was created.

Ancient India.Scientists were the first to create signs to designate the numbers we use 0,1,2...9.

Ancient China.The masters of Ancient China became famous throughout the world for their light, elegant fabrics. For many centuries they kept the method of making them secret.

Ancient Greece - Hellas.In its coastal trading cities, an alphabet of vowels and consonants first appeared. Most modern alphabets are based on it.

Ancient Rome.The language of the Romans - Latin was known in all his possessions. We now use Latin words: church, university, empire, calendar, etc. In our calendars, the names of the months come from the names of Roman gods or emperors (March - the god Mars, July - Julius Caesar)

But in the era of the ancient world, technology also developed. Pay attention to p.57.

Compare the technical capabilities of people in the ancient world and the primitive world.c 50 and c. 57.

What can you say?

In the ancient world, an iron ax, a wheel, and sailing and rowing ships appeared.

What technical achievements of the ancient world helped people move long distances?

Sailing on sailing and rowing ships, it was possible to make long voyages and not be afraid of overseas travel. Troops on war chariots could travel long distances and suddenly attack the enemy. If we compare the tools of labor, then in the ancient world an iron ax appears. It took a whole day to cut down a tree with a stone axe, but with an iron ax it could be done in a few minutes.

Thus, technological achievements in the ancient world rose to a higher level of development.

Turn the page, read the text.

Answer the question: what was considered good and what was evil in the era of the Ancient World?