Analysis of Ryleev’s poem “Ivan Susanin. The legendary Ivan Susanin acquired from Ryleev Signs of thought in the work Ivan Susanin

At the end of 1612, young Mikhail Feodorovich Romanov, the last branch

Rurik dynasty, hid in the Kostroma region. At that time Moscow

occupied by the Poles: these newcomers wanted to establish themselves on the Russian throne

Tsarevich Vladislav, son of their king Sigismund III. One detachment penetrated

Kostroma borders and sought to capture Mikhail. There are enemies close to his hideout

seized Ivan Susanin, a resident of the village of Domnina, and demanded that he secretly

led them to the home of the future crown bearer of Russia. As a faithful son of the fatherland,

Susanin wanted to die rather than save a life by betrayal. He

led the Poles in the opposite direction and informed Mikhail about the danger: those who were with

they managed to take him away. The irritated Poles killed Susanin. Upon ascending to

the throne of Mikhail Feodorovich (in 1613) was granted to the descendants of Susanin

deed for a plot of land near the village of Domnina; it was confirmed by subsequent

sovereigns.

“Where are you taking us?.. we can’t see anything!”

Susanin's enemies cried out with heart: -

We get stuck and drown in drifts of snow;

We know that we won’t be able to stay with you for the night.

You've probably lost your way, brother, on purpose;

But you won’t be able to save Mikhail!

Let us get lost, let the blizzard rage,

But your king will not escape death from the Poles!..

Lead us - this will be your reward for your efforts;

10 Or be afraid: we won’t have long before trouble!

Made us fight through a snowstorm all night...

But what’s black in the valley behind the spruce?”

“Village!” the peasant responded to the Sarmatians: “

Here is the threshing floor, the fences, and here is the bridge.

Follow me! at the gate! - this hut

It is heated for the guest at all times.

Come in - don’t be afraid!” - “Well, that’s it, Muscovite!..

What a damn distance, brothers!

I've never seen such a damn night,

20 The falcons' eyes were blinded by the snow...

My zhupan - at least squeeze it out, there is no dry thread! -

When he entered, the young Sarmatian grumbled. -

Blame us, master! We are wet and cold!

Hurry!.. don’t force us to take up sabers!”

Here is a simple tablecloth laid on the table;

Beer and a mug of wine have been supplied,

And Russian porridge and cabbage soup in front of the guests,

And bread before each in large chunks.

The wind, raging, knocks at the ends;

30 The torch burns sadly and with a crackling sound.

It’s long past midnight!.. Embraced in a deep sleep,

The Sarmatians lie carefree on the benches.

Everyone in the smoky hut tastes peace;

Alone, on guard, gray-haired Susanin

Holy defense to the young king!..

Suddenly someone rode up to the gate on horseback.

Susanin got up and secretly entered the door...

“Is that you, darling?.. And I’m following you!

40 Where do you go during stormy times?

It's past midnight... and the wind hasn't died down yet;

You only bring melancholy to the hearts of your loved ones!”

"God himself brings you to this house,

My son, hurry to the young king,

Tell Mikhail to disappear quickly

That the proud Poles, in their malice,

They are secretly planning to kill him

And they threaten Moscow with a new disaster!

Say that Susanin saves the king,

50 Love for the fatherland and faith of grief.

Tell me that escape is the only way to escape

And what about killers sleeping with me for the night?

- “But what are you up to? Think about it, dear!

The Poles will kill you... What will happen to me?

And with your young sister and your frail mother?

- “The Creator will protect you with His holy power.

He will not let you die, dear ones:

He is the protector and helper of all orphans.

Farewell, oh my son, time is precious to us;

60 And remember: I am dying for the Russian tribe!”

Sobbing, young Susanin's horse

He jumped up and ran like a whistling arrow.

Meanwhile, the moon made half a circle;

The whistle of the wind stopped, the blizzard subsided.

The dawn lit up in the eastern sky,

The Sarmatians, the king’s villains, woke up.

“Susanin!” they cried, “why are you praying to God?

Now is not the time - it’s time for us to hit the road!”

Leaving the village with a noisy crowd,

70 They enter the dark forest along a roundabout path.

Susanin leads them... The morning has come,

And the sun shone through the branches in the forest:

Sometimes it disappears quickly, sometimes it flashes brightly,

It will light up dimly, then disappear again.

Both oak and birch stand motionless,

Only the snow underfoot creaks from the frost,

Only temporarily the raven flutters and makes a noise,

And the woodpecker is hollowing out a hollow willow.

The Sarmatians walk one after another in silence;

80 Farther and farther away their gray-haired leader.

The sun is already shining high from the sky -

The forest is becoming wilder and wilder!

And suddenly the path in front of them disappears:

And pine and spruce, with thick branches

Bowing sullenly to the very ground,

A thick wall of twigs was woven.

The anxious ear is in vain:

Everything in that remote place is dead and deaf...

"Where have you taken us?" - the old Lyakh cried out.

90 “Where you need it!” Susanin said.

Kill! torture me! - my grave is here!

But know and strive: I saved Mikhail!

You thought you found a traitor in me:

They are not and will not be on Russian land!

In it, everyone loves their homeland from infancy

And he will not destroy his soul by betrayal."

“Villain!” shouted the enemies, boiling,

You will die under swords!" - "Your anger is not terrible!

He who is Russian at heart, cheerfully and boldly,

100 And joyfully dies for a just cause!

Neither execution nor death and I am not afraid:

Without flinching, I will die for the Tsar and for Rus'!”

“Die!” the Sarmatians cried out to the hero,

And the sabers flashed over the old man, whistling! -

Perish, traitor! Your end has come!"

And the hard Susanin fell covered in sores!

The snow is pure, the purest blood is stained:

She saved Mikhail for Russia!

At the end of 1612, young Mikhail Fedorovich Romanov, the last branch of the Rurik dynasty, was hiding in the Kostroma region. At that time, Moscow was occupied by the Poles: these newcomers wanted to establish Tsarevich Vladislav, the son of King Sigismund III, on the Russian throne. One detachment penetrated the Kostroma borders and decided to capture Mikhail. Not far from his refuge, enemies captured Ivan Susanin, a resident of the village of Domnina, and demanded that he secretly lead them to the home of the future crowned prince of Russia. As a faithful son of the fatherland, Susanin wanted to die rather than save his life by betrayal. He led the Poles in the opposite direction and informed Mikhail of the danger: those with him managed to take him away. The irritated Poles killed Ivan Susanin. Upon the accession of Mikhail Fedorovich to the throne (in 1613), Susanin’s descendants were given a charter for a plot of land near the village of Domnina; it was confirmed by subsequent sovereigns. According to these data, in one thousand eight hundred and twenty-two, Kondraty Fedorovich Ryleev wrote the thought “Ivan Susanin”. The Duma shows the fearlessness of the people and Susanin’s dying confession, an open challenge to the enemy, a proud testament to posterity.

You thought you found a traitor in me:

They are not and will not be on Russian soil!

In it, everyone loves their homeland from infancy

And he will not destroy his soul by betrayal.

He who is Russian at heart is cheerful and courageous

And joyfully dies for a just cause!

As a rule, the images of heroes are determined by one quality that especially stands out. These are the heroes of many thoughts of Kondraty Fedorovich Ryleev. So, for example, Susanin has such a quality as love for his homeland. Duma “Ivan Susanin is one of the most remarkable creations of the poet. Everything here is concrete and largely historical. The action begins with a lively and colorful dialogue between the tired and frozen Polish nobles and the Russian peasant Susanin:

“I have never seen such a damned night,

The falcon's eyes were blinded by the snow...

My zhupan - at least squeeze it out, there’s not a dry thread!” -

When he entered, the young Sarmatian grumbled. -

“The fault is ours, master! We are wet and frozen! Hurry!.,

don’t force us to take up sabers!”

The further description of the simple decoration of the village hut, the conversation between Susanin and his son, and the concise description of the dawn are quite realistic. The morning landscape painted by Ryleev, in its simplicity and concreteness, is one of the most remarkable in Russian poetry of the 20s.

Susanin leads them... Now the morning has come, And the sun shone through the branches in the forest: It will disappear quickly, then it will shine brightly, It will shine dimly, then it will disappear again. The oak and birch trees stand and do not move; Only the snow underfoot creaks from the frost,

Only temporarily the raven flutters and makes a noise,

And the woodpecker is hollowing out a hollow willow.

The Sarmatians walk one after another in silence;

Farther and farther away their gray-haired counselor.

The sun is already shining high from the sky:

The forest is becoming wilder and wilder!

There are no dazzling lightning, no continuously thundering thunder, or other attributes of a pre-romantic landscape props in this “Duma”. Ryleev, undoubtedly, is helped in his narration by the leisurely and smooth meter he chose, which is not found anywhere else in his tetrameter amphibrach.

Ryleev achieved his greatest success here in creating a central image, that is, in that area that had always been the most difficult for him. The image of Susanin still shocks us with the simplicity of his heroism. His words before his death are sincere and devoid of external effects:

I am not afraid of execution or death:

Without flinching, I will die for the Tsar and for Rus'!

This speech vividly conveys the psychology of a simple Russian peasant of the 17th century. with his faith in the “good king”, with his hatred of the invaders, with his calm, deep and firm love for his land.

It is significant that Pushkin, who argued that in the “Dumas” there is “nothing national, Russian... nothing but names,” stipulated: “I exclude “Ivan Susanin,” the first Duma, because of which I began to suspect true talent in you.” This “Duma” fell in love with M.I. Glinka and inspired him to create the most brilliant Russian opera “Ivan Susanin”.

1st Historical Duma “Kurbsky” (21 years). For a long time 21-23 Ryleev published more than 20 thoughts. D. he writes under the influence of the 9th volume of “History of the Russian State” by Karamzin. The 25 year-dumas were published as a separate collection. When they appeared, the thoughts caused a controversial assessment. Pushkin crap them from head to toe. He did not find anything national, Russian in them and recognized they are monotonous in composition. But another point of view - thoughts cannot be denied nationality. In terms of genre, R. elevates D. to the Ukrainian people. poetry. Decembrist aesthetics - recognition of folklore as a source of literature. Dumas are associated with the genre of historical ballads, widespread. in those years. Analog. with Pushkin’s “Prophetic Oleg”. The originality of R.’s thoughts lies in the predominance of the lyrical and journalistic element. R. poetizes the image of a fighter for freedom and independence. homeland or the image of a citizen courageously defending his ideals: Mstislav Udaloy. Dmitry Donskoy, Ivan Susanin, Bogdan Khmelnitsky, Matveev, Dolgoruky, Volynsky.

“The Death of Ermak” (1821). Ermak Timofeev-Cossack. He rushed into the Irtysh and died in the waves during the attack of Kuchum in 1569. E. breathed a passion for glory, was not afraid of death, “having washed away with his own and the enemy’s blood all the crimes of a violent life and for victories having earned the blessing of the fatherland. We are not afraid of death.” The job is done - Siberia is conquered. Kuchum killed the entire squad. E. fled and died in the waves.

“Ivan Susanin” (1822) About the events of 1612. Susanin led the Poles, cat. they wanted to capture Mikhail Romanov and establish themselves on the throne. Susanin warned him of the danger and the irritated Poles killed him. “They thought you were a traitor in me, you found them, they are not and will not be on Russian soil, in it everyone loves their homeland from infancy and will not destroy their soul by betrayal.”

“Volynsky” Set Anna Ioanovna against Biron. In the 30s, Biron sentenced him to death through court. In 1739. V. stood up for the queen. The idea is not that son of the fatherland who has vanity and treachery, but the one who does not expect a reward, forgetting about himself, gives everything to the people. V. proudly awaited death, because... lived with his soul. So that his children would be brought to his grave, so that similar feelings would be born in their souls.

Civil expressions are found in the heroes' monologues. ideas and moods of the Decembrists. In the thoughts of Ryleev, the artistic method of revolutionary romanticism found expression. By drawing the heroes of the past, the poet sought to embody his ideal of a citizen. This corresponded to the social and educational tasks that the thoughts were supposed to serve. The compositional structure of the thoughts in which Pushkin corresponds to these tasks distinguished three main elements: description of the scene, the hero’s speech and moral teaching. As a rule, D. have no plot and represent a kind of series of historical portraits or paintings. The significant role of lyres. monologue.No stylist. unity.According with the thematic and compositional features of thoughts, they predominate. lyre the beginning, which finds especially vivid expression in the abundance of stylist. Figures (rhetorical questions, exclamations, appeals) that give the presentation a journalistic style.

“Voinarovsky” in 1823 read an excerpt from the poem “Exile”. Ryleev selects the events of the national-political struggle - the speech of Mazepa, supported by his nephew and like-minded person Voinarovsky, against Peter1. Mazepa's speech against Peter is considered treason. Voinarovsky is ready to reassess the role of Mazepa and Peter and admit that historical and moral truth was on the side of the tsar. He is a patriot and a fighter for power. The poem is written in the form of a hero's confession. The departure from romantic conventions towards the truth of life was noticeably manifested in Ryleev’s sketches of the life and nature of Siberia. The poem “Nalivaiko” took on the most tangible contours; the events taking place are interpreted correctly from a historical point of view - the struggle of the Ukrainian people with Poland for national freedom. The “Confession of Nalivaika” made a great impression, in which, in the words of the hero, he predicted his own death. R owns the fundamental statement: “I am not a poet, but a citizen.”

7.2. Pushkin's poem "Ruslan and Lyudmila"

The idea for the poem was born during his lyceum years, and was realized only 3 years later, shortly before his exile to the south in Ekaterinoslav (he worked on it from 1817 to 1820). At that time, in P.'s TV there was a movement towards artistic synthesis, which would make it possible to express the wealth of life impressions, passions, thoughts and moods. And this movement is palpable in his first poem by Pushkin, “Ruslan and Lyudmila.” The poem was created in Lomonosov’s favorite poetic meter – iambic tetrameter, which would become Pushkin’s favorite meter. In the poem, despite the fairy-tale plot, the diverse characters of the characters are well developed. It combines the heroic and the ordinary, the sublime and the playful, the dramatic and the funny. It was a folk poem and was not a reworking of someone’s folklore work. Fairy-tale images remembered from childhood and read fairy-tale reminiscences are widely used. Ratmir’s stay in the castle is deliberately borrowed from Zhukovsky’s “12 Sleeping Maidens” in the “Ruslana and L” episode. The poem is joyful, optimistic, fully consistent with the spirit of folk tales with their positive heroes triumphant at the end, with their victory of good over evil. It is not the “heavenly”, but the “earthly” that appears in the development of the images of the heroes; Pushkin develops the various characters of the characters. Notable in this regard is one of Ruslan’s rivals - a glutton and a braggart, a coward and a liar, Farlaf. Woven into the fairy tale fabric are several bright and poetic sketches of ancient Russian life and ancient Russian way of life (a wedding feast, the battle of the Kyivans with the Pechenegs), read in the “History of the State. Russian" Karamzin.

Innovation lies in the image of the author. A contemporary of the readers, not the heroes, the author explains the course of events, ironically interprets them, and shares his thoughts. Thanks to the author's image, history and modernity merge together. The plot is based on the love of the main characters, who encounter many obstacles on the way to happiness. The adventures of the heroes, their meetings with evil and good wizards give the poem a fairy-tale flavor. But the poem also includes a heroic story. In the last, sixth, song, Ruslan fights for the independence of his homeland against the Pecheneg invaders. This patriotic feeling brings Ruslan closer to the epic heroes. At the same time, Pushkin’s heroes are still very conventional: Lyudmila looks more like a contemporary of the poet than a sedate ancient Russian beauty, while Ruslan does not always look like an epic hero, resembling either the hero of a ballad, or a medieval knight, or a romantic hero performing a feat for the glory of his beloved. The love adventures of the heroes fully capture Pushkin’s cheerfulness, his belief in the victory of justice, goodness and beauty. The poem includes different genres: a fairy tale with its characteristic plot, the main components of which are loss, search, acquisition; knightly epic, epic epic, ballad and lyrical genres - elegy and friendly message. All these genres are drawn into the literary game of Pushkin, who either imitates well-known literary forms or parodies them. The text of Ruslan and Lyudmila rests on irony, but it only strengthens the impression of the literary vitality of many genres. Pushkin does not give preference to any of them. He conducts a conversation with the reader and, developing the plot, simultaneously introduces into it the signs of those genres that are most characteristic of him. The fairy tale genre requires that Ruslan not only have antagonists who prevent him from finding Lyudmila, but also helpers. Lyudmila's dreams take us back to the ballad. Her name itself is reminiscent of the heroine of Zhukovsky’s ballad of the same name.

The characters are all realistic, their dreams are real. Instead of Zhukovsky’s ballad shrouded in fog, we see a bright, colorful, motley and varied world, like life itself. The poem baffled critics: they could not correlate it with any of the previously existing species, but found elements of them all in it.

Everything was complicated by the diversity of the language. The poem was written in line with the language of Batyushkov and Zhukovsky, who developed the traditions of Karamzin’s “new style,” which was based on what Lomonosov called “middle calm.” The poem is written with material from the “high calm”, and sometimes expressions are used from the “low” calm. Critics condemned P. for this.

With his humorous fairy tale poem, P. began the process of democratization of Russian literature both in terms of its content and in terms of language. Some critics believed that taking material from folk art was a disaster for literature.

In the poem, P. asserted the romantic principle of the writer’s creative freedom from all kinds of pedantic theories and rules that interfered with the forward movement of literature. It contained, according to Belinsky, a “premonition” of a “new world of creativity”; with this she opened a new, Pushkin, period in the history of Russian literature.

But, according to Belinsky, there was little sense in the poem, there was no direct connection with modernity, with the urgent needs of the advanced circles of Russian society. This did not suit P either, so he lost interest in his “brainchild” (“I’m tired of her,” he wrote to Vyazemsky).

Contemporaries assessed the poem differently, but perhaps the most dear to Pushkin was the review of Zhukovsky, who gave Pushkin his portrait with the inscription “To a victorious student from a defeated teacher.”

“Where are you taking us?.. we can’t see anything!”
Susanin's enemies cried out with heart: -
We get stuck and drown in drifts of snow;
We know that we won’t be able to stay with you for the night.
You've probably lost your way, brother, on purpose;
But you won’t be able to save Mikhail!

Let us get lost, let the blizzard rage,
But your king will not escape death from the Poles!..
Lead us - this will be your reward for your efforts;
Or be afraid: we won’t be in trouble for long!
Made us fight through a snowstorm all night...
But what’s black in the valley behind the spruce?”

“Village!” - the peasant answered the Sarmatians: -
Here is the threshing floor, the fences, and here is the bridge.
Follow me! at the gate! - this hut
It is heated for the guest at all times.
Come in - don't be afraid! - “Well, that’s it, Muscovite!..
What a damn distance, brothers!

I've never seen such a damn night,
The falcons' eyes were blinded by the snow...
My zhupan - at least squeeze it out, there is no dry thread! -
When he entered, the young Sarmatian grumbled.
Blame us, master! We are wet and cold!
Hurry!.. don’t force us to take up sabers!”

Here is a simple tablecloth laid on the table;
Beer and a mug of wine have been supplied,
And Russian porridge and cabbage soup in front of the guests,
And bread before each in large chunks.
The wind, raging, knocks at the ends;
The torch burns sadly and with a crackling sound.

It’s long past midnight!.. Embraced in a deep sleep,
The Sarmatians lie carefree on the benches.
Everyone in the smoky hut tastes peace;
Alone, on guard, gray-haired Susanin
He prays in a low voice in the corner by the icon
Holy defense to the young king!..

Suddenly someone rode up to the gate on horseback.
Susanin got up and secretly entered the door...
“Is that you, darling?.. And I’m following you!
“Where do you go during stormy times?
It's past midnight... and the wind hasn't died down yet;
You only bring melancholy to the hearts of your loved ones!”

“God himself brings you to this house,
My son, hurry to the young king,
Tell Mikhail to disappear quickly
That the proud Poles, in their malice,
They are secretly planning to kill him
And they threaten Moscow with a new disaster!

Say that Susanin saves the king,
Love for the fatherland and faith of grief.
Tell me that escape is the only way to escape
And what about killers staying with me for the night?
- “But what are you up to? think about it, dear!
The Poles will kill you... What will happen to me?

And with your young sister and your frail mother?
- “The Creator will protect you with His holy power.
He will not let you die, dear ones:
He is the protector and helper of all orphans.
Farewell, oh my son, time is precious to us;
And remember: I am dying for the Russian tribe!”

Sobbing, young Susanin's horse
He jumped up and ran like a whistling arrow.
Meanwhile, the moon made half a circle;
The whistle of the wind stopped, the blizzard subsided.
The dawn lit up in the eastern sky,
The Sarmatians, the king’s villains, woke up.

“Susanin!” they cried, “why are you praying to God?
Now is not the time - it’s time for us to hit the road!”
Leaving the village with a noisy crowd,
They enter the dark forest along a roundabout path.
Susanin leads them... The morning has come,
And the sun shone through the branches in the forest:

Sometimes it disappears quickly, sometimes it flashes brightly,
It will light up dimly, then disappear again.
Both oak and birch stand motionless,
Only the snow underfoot creaks from the frost,
Only temporarily the raven flutters and makes a noise,
And the woodpecker is hollowing out a hollow willow.

Friend A friend And the Sarmatians blow in silence;
Farther and farther away their gray-haired counselor.
The sun is already shining high from the sky -
The forest is becoming wilder and wilder!
And suddenly the path in front of them disappears:
And pine and spruce, with thick branches

Bowing sullenly to the very ground,
A thick wall of twigs was woven.
The anxious ear is in vain:
Everything in that outback is dead and deaf...
“Where have you taken us?” - the old Lyakh cried out.
“Where you need it!” Susanin said.

Kill! torture me! - my grave is here!
But know and strive: I saved Mikhail!
You thought you found a traitor in me:
They are not and will not be on Russian land!
In it, everyone loves their homeland from infancy
And he will not destroy his soul by betrayal.”

“Villain!” shouted the enemies, boiling,
You will die under swords!” - “Your anger is not terrible!
He who is Russian at heart, cheerfully and boldly,
And joyfully dies for a just cause!
Neither execution nor death and I am not afraid:
Without flinching, I will die for the Tsar and for Rus'!”

“Die!” the Sarmatians cried out to the hero,
And the sabers flashed over the old man, whistling!
Perish, traitor! Your end has come!
And the hard Susanin fell covered in sores!
The snow is pure, the purest blood is stained:
She saved Mikhail for Russia!

Save a life. He led the Poles in the opposite direction and informed Mikhail of the danger: those with him managed to take him away. The irritated Poles killed Ivan Susanin. Upon the accession of Mikhail Fedorovich to the throne (in 1613), Susanin’s descendants were given a charter for a plot of land near the village of Domnina; it was confirmed by subsequent sovereigns. According to these data, in one thousand eight hundred and twenty-two, Kondraty Fedorovich Ryleev wrote the thought “Ivan Susanin”. The Duma shows the fearlessness of the people and Susanin’s dying confession, an open challenge to the enemy, a proud testament to posterity.
You thought you found a traitor in me:
They are not and will not be on Russian soil!
In it, everyone loves their homeland from infancy
And he will not destroy his soul by betrayal.
He who is Russian at heart is cheerful and courageous
And joyfully dies for a just cause!
As a rule, the images of heroes are determined by one quality that especially stands out. These are the heroes of many thoughts of Kondraty Fedorovich Ryleev. So, for example, Susanin has such a quality as love for his homeland. Duma “Ivan Susanin is one of the most remarkable creations of the poet. Everything here is concrete and largely historical. The action begins with a lively and colorful dialogue between the tired and frozen Polish nobles and the Russian peasant Susanin:
“I have never seen such a damned night,
The falcon's eyes were blinded by the snow...
My zhupan - at least squeeze it out, there’s not a dry thread!” –
When he entered, the young Sarmatian grumbled. –
“The fault is ours, master! We are wet and frozen! Hurry!.,
don’t force us to take up sabers!”
The further description of the simple decoration of the village hut, the conversation between Susanin and his son, and the concise description of the dawn are quite realistic. The morning landscape painted by Ryleev, in its simplicity and concreteness, is one of the most remarkable in Russian poetry of the 20s.
Susanin leads them... Now the morning has come, And the sun shone through the branches in the forest: It will disappear quickly, then it will shine brightly, It will shine dimly, then it will disappear again. The oak and birch trees stand and do not move; Only the snow underfoot creaks from the frost,
Only temporarily the raven flutters and makes a noise,
And the woodpecker is hollowing out a hollow willow.
The Sarmatians walk one after another in silence;
Farther and farther away their gray-haired counselor.
The sun is already shining high from the sky:
The forest is becoming wilder and wilder!
There are no dazzling lightning, no continuously thundering thunder, or other attributes of a pre-romantic landscape props in this “Duma”. Ryleev, undoubtedly, is helped in his narration by the leisurely and smooth meter he chose, which is not found anywhere else in his tetrameter amphibrach.
Ryleev achieved his greatest success here in creating a central image, that is, in that area that had always been the most difficult for him. The image of Susanin still shocks us with the simplicity of his heroism. His words before his death are sincere and devoid of external effects:
I am not afraid of execution or death:
Without flinching, I will die for the Tsar and for Rus'!
This speech vividly conveys the psychology of a simple Russian peasant of the 17th century. with his faith in the “good king”, with his hatred of the invaders, with his calm, deep and firm love for his land.
It is significant that Pushkin, who argued that in the “Dumas” there is “nothing national, Russian... nothing but names,” stipulated: “I exclude “Ivan Susanin,” the first Duma, by which I began to suspect true talent in you.” This “Duma” fell in love with M.I. Glinka and inspired him to create the most brilliant Russian opera “Ivan Susanin”.

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IVAN DENISOVICH is the hero of A. I. Solzhenitsyn’s story “One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich” (1959-1962). The image of I.D. seems to be composed by the author of two real people. One of them is Ivan Shukhov, an already middle-aged soldier of the artillery battery, which was commanded by Solzhenitsyn during the war. Read More......
The highlighted epithets clearly convey the poet’s hatred for the executioner of the people. The poet’s life was violently cut short, and his work remained an “unfinished song.” However, in this song the main motive sounded so definitely and expressively that we can, without reservations, read Ryleev’s life in his work Read More ......
In the poem “To N.N.” (You wanted to visit, my friend...) he is fascinated by the woman he loves. The intimate theme of the love letter is supported by melodic repetitions and anaphors: Your sweet gaze, your magical gaze I wanted to revive the sufferer, You wanted to pour healing peace into an agitated soul. Your Read More......
The feeling of civil indignation that dictated Ryleev’s satire makes clear the desire for social struggle, reflected in his letter “To Kosovsky,” (written in 1821, not published at the time) in response to poems in which the addressee advised the poet “ forever” to stay Read More ......

Duma K. F. Ryleev “Ivan Susanin”